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<mods:title id="BDEC5BBC1B331214313945D767A8A49B">Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C347656CFFBAFFA3FF22FF20ACD5FF4A" box="[151,668,151,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="223" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE236E7FFBAFFA3FF22FF20ACD5FF4A" blockId="7.[151,668,151,178]" box="[151,668,151,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="223">
<heading id="D0AA818BFFBAFFA3FF22FF20ACD5FF4A" bold="true" box="[151,668,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="223" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFBAFFA3FF22FF20ACD5FF4A" bold="true" box="[151,668,151,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="223">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFBAFFA3FF22FF20AFB5FF4A" ID-CoL="6ZV7" ID-ENA="925970" authority="Goetghebuer" authorityName="Goetghebuer" authorityYear="1939" box="[151,508,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudodiamesa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFBAFFA3FF22FF20AF1BFF49" bold="true" box="[151,338,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="223">Pseudodiamesa</emphasis>
Goetghebuer
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13662A62FFBAFFA3FDB9FF20ACDAFF4A" box="[524,659,151,177]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 914" captionStart-1="FIGURES 1522" captionStartId-0="6.[151,264,1868,1892]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,264,1807,1831]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,273,1843]" captionTargetBox-1="[211,1376,181,1783]" captionTargetId-0="figure-68@6.[151,1436,273,1844]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@8.[211,1376,181,1783]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="FIGURES 914. Diamesa bertrami-type: 9—head capsule, A—mandible. Diamesa Tatra-type A: 10—head capsule, A—mandible. Diamesa Tatra-type A: 11—mentum (arrow indicates position of seta submenti). Diamesa Tatra-type B: 12—head capsule (arrows indicate mandible and genal setae). Diamesa Tatra-type B: 13—mentum (arrow indicates position of seta submenti). Pseudodiamesa branickii-type: 14—head capsule (arrow indicates antenna)." captionText-1="FIGURES 1522. Pseudodiamesa branickii-type: 15— mandible (arrow indicates branches of seta interna). P. branickii-type: 16—detail of pecten epipharyngis and premandible (arrows indicate seven scales of pecten epipharyngis and 89 teeth of the premandible). Pseudodiamesa nivosa-type: 17—head capsule, A—antenna. P. nivosa-type: 18—mandible (arrow indicates branches of seta interna). P. nivosa-type: 19—detail of pecten epipharyngis and premandible (arrows indicate premandible teeth, SI setae and detail of labral lamellae). Pseudodiamesa: 20—young instar head capsule. Pseudodiamesa: 21—detail of mentum. Pseudokiefferiella parva: 22—head capsule." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4396834" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4396836" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4396834/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4396836/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="223">Figs 1419</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C347656CFFBAFFA3FF22FF68AB05FE72" pageId="7" pageNumber="223" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE236E7FFBAFFA3FF22FF68AB05FE72" blockId="7.[151,1437,223,754]" pageId="7" pageNumber="223">Head capsule yellow to brown with dark brown occipital margin. Mentum with single sharp median tooth and seven pairs of lateral teeth. Median tooth is separated from first laterals by a deep V-shaped notch; second lateral lying dorsal to first lateral seems to be partially hidden behind it. Fifth and seventh lateral teeth shorter than sixth. Ventromental plates joined with median and first lateral teeth extend laterally, so only 24 laterals are often visible. Mandible with 4 inner teeth, apical tooth distinctly larger than first inner toot. Premandible with 711 teeth.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C347656CFFBAFFA3FF72FE24AAB4FD0A" pageId="7" pageNumber="223" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE236E7FFBAFFA3FF72FE24ACC4FE2A" blockId="7.[151,1437,223,754]" pageId="7" pageNumber="223">
Remarks: Three subequal teeth on the mentum apex, position of the second lateral tooth, and large ventromental plates are distinctive among the
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFBAFFA3FDB4FE00ACC0FE2A" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1922" box="[513,649,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diamesinae">Diamesinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE236E7FFBAFFA3FF72FE6CAC54FDC6" blockId="7.[151,1437,223,754]" pageId="7" pageNumber="223">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFBAFFA3FF72FE6CAF3EFE0E" authorityName="Goetghebuer" authorityYear="1939" box="[199,375,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudodiamesa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFBAFFA3FF72FE6CAF3EFE0E" box="[199,375,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="223">Pseudodiamesa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remains are usually very abundant in alpine lakes and the intra-genus determination is very important as larvae of species groups differ in their ecological requirements. Since larvae are morphologically similar, reliable diagnostic can be difficult.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE236E7FFBAFFA3FF72FDFFAAB4FD0A" blockId="7.[151,1437,223,754]" pageId="7" pageNumber="223">
Here we follow a combination of morphological differences suggested by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B16FFBAFFA3FC4CFDF0AA85FD9A" author="Serra-Tosio, B." box="[1017,1228,583,609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="223" pagination="5 - 175" refId="ref25644" refString="Serra-Tosio, B. (1973) Ecologie et bogeographie des Diamesini d'Europe (Diptera, Chironomidae). Travaux du Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie et de Pisciculture de l'Universite de Grenoble, 63, 5 - 175." type="journal article" year="1973">Serra-Tosio (1973)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B16FFBAFFA3FAB5FDF0AEABFD7E" author="Ilyashuk, B. P. &amp; Ilyashuk, E. A. &amp; Makarchenko, E. A. &amp; Heiri, O." pageId="7" pageNumber="223" pagination="667 - 676" refId="ref24284" refString="Ilyashuk, B. P., Ilyashuk, E. A., Makarchenko, E. A. &amp; Heiri, O. (2010) Midges of the genus Pseudodiamesa Goetghebuer (Diptera, Chironomidae): current knowledge and palaeoecological perspective. Journal of Paleolimnology, 44 (2), 667 - 676. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10933 - 010 - 9446 - 0" type="journal article" year="2010">
Ilyashuk
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFBAFFA3FAD3FDFFABDCFD9A" box="[1382,1429,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="223">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
and to distinguish two species-groups (
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFBAFFA3FD2AFDDBAD69FD7E" authorityName="Nowicki" authorityYear="1873" box="[671,800,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudodiamesa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="branickii">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFBAFFA3FD2AFDDBAD69FD7E" box="[671,800,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="223">P. branickii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group and
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFBAFFA3FC2AFDDBAA4AFD7E" authorityName="Goetgehebuer" authorityYear="1928" box="[927,1027,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudodiamesa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nivosa">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFBAFFA3FC2AFDDBAA4AFD7E" box="[927,1027,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="223">P. nivosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group) that are consistent with morphotypes applied to subfossil material sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B16FFBAFFA3FD24FD38AD3EFD52" author="Brooks, S. J. &amp; Langdon, P. G. &amp; Heiri, O." box="[657,887,655,682]" pageId="7" pageNumber="223" refId="ref23398" refString="Brooks, S. J., Langdon, P. G. &amp; Heiri, O. (2007) The Identification and Use of Palaearctic Chironomidae Larvae in Palaeoecology. QRA Technical Guide No. 10. QRA, London, 276 pp." type="book" year="2007">
Brooks
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFBAFFA3FD5CFD27AD52FD52" box="[745,795,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="223">et al</emphasis>
. (2007)
</bibRefCitation>
, i.e. antennal ratio, pecten epipharyngis, labrum, premandible, mandibular seta interna and mentum. Except for mentum, the above mentioned characters are usually missing in subfossils, thus only the morphology of mentum can be used for separating morphotypes.
</paragraph>
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<heading id="D0AA818BFFBAFFA3FF22FCF4AFD6FCA6" bold="true" box="[151,415,835,861]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="223" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFBAFFA3FF22FCF4AFD6FCA6" bold="true" box="[151,415,835,861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="223">Key to morphotypes:</emphasis>
</heading>
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<key id="FFCC61D6FFBAFFA3FF22FC3FABD5FC0D" pageId="7" pageNumber="223">
<paragraph id="8BE236E7FFBAFFA3FF22FC3FABD5FC40" blockId="7.[151,1436,904,1014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="223">
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1 Mental teeth unicolored, black, part of lateral teeth hardly visible in unflatten mentum; labral lamellae absent.........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFBAFFA3FBCDFC12AB22FC41" ID-CoL="8DJ22" authorityName="Nowicki" authorityYear="1873" box="[1144,1387,933,954]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudodiamesa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="branickii">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFBAFFA3FBCDFC12AB22FC41" box="[1144,1387,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="223">Pseudodiamesa branickii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-
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</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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- Mentum with a slightly lighter median tooth relative to black lateral teeth, outermost lateral teeth cleraly visible in unflatten mentum; labral lamellae present....................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFBAFFA3FB25FC57AB22FC0D" ID-CoL="92WN5" authorityName="Goetgehebuer" authorityYear="1928" box="[1168,1387,992,1014]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudodiamesa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nivosa">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFBAFFA3FB25FC57AB22FC0D" box="[1168,1387,992,1014]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="223">Pseudodiamesa nivosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-
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