treatments-xml/data/BA/E5/21/BAE52126998A5956A51026A05B9B7285.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673" ID-GBIF-Dataset="effceee3-860f-43dc-9900-56bb24d74e5a" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-196-49" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F11AF382CA7354C8AA08829721879B7D" ModsDocID="1314-2003-196-49" checkinTime="1652704252716" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Tobar, Francisco, Smith, James F. &amp; Clark, John L." docDate="2022" docId="BAE52126998A5956A51026A05B9B7285" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 196: 49-61" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 196" docPubDate="2022-05-16" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673" docTitle="Columnea pendens F. Tobar, J. L. Clark &amp; J. F. Sm. 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="F11AF382CA7354C8AA08829721879B7D" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="F11AF382CA7354C8AA08829721879B7D" masterDocTitle="Two new pendulous epiphytic Columnea L. (Gesneriaceae) species from the Choco forests of the Northern Andes" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1652704892950" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Two new pendulous epiphytic Columnea L. (Gesneriaceae) species from the Choco forests of the Northern Andes</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Tobar, Francisco</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8172-673X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Area de Investigacion y Monitoreo de Avifauna, Aves y Conservacion - BirdLife en Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador &amp; Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Herbario Nacional del Ecuador QCNE, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Smith, James F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, Idaho, 83725, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Clark, John L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1414-6380</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Science Department, The Lawrenceville School, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jclark@lawrenceville.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-05-16</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>196</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>49</mods:start>
<mods:end>61</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-196-49</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">F11AF382CA7354C8AA08829721879B7D</mods:identifier>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="multiple">
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BAE52126998A5956A51026A05B9B7285" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BAE52126998A5956A51026A05B9B7285" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName LSID="BAE52126-998A-5956-A510-26A05B9B7285" authority="F. Tobar, J. L. Clark &amp; J. F. Sm." authorityName="F. Tobar, J. L. Clark &amp; J. F. Sm." authorityYear="2022" class="Aves" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Columnea pendens" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens" status="sp. nov.">Columnea pendens F.Tobar, J.L.Clark &amp; J.F.Sm.</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="49">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Columnea pendens F. Tobar, J. L. Clark &amp; J. F. Sm. A mature flower B pendent shoot C gynoecium and androecium D calyx lobes (A-D from F. Tobar 3638). Photos by F. Tobar." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683755" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-09-12" collectorName="F. Tobar" country="Ecuador" elevation="1786" latitude="0.890555" location="rio Gualpi" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.21889" municipality="Espejo" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Carchi" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Carchi">Carchi</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Espejo</collectingMunicipality>
, road 
<locationDeviation firstLocation="Goaltal" secondLocation="Chical">between Goaltal and Chical</locationDeviation>
, near to 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BAE52126998A5956A51026A05B9B7285:6673B1412E0C6DC35414D3CA8A876998" country="Ecuador" latitude="0.890555" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.21889" municipality="Espejo" name="rio Gualpi" stateProvince="Carchi">
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
Gualpi
</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0.890555" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="0.890555">0.890555°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.2188889" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-78.21889">78.2188889°W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.786" unit="m" value="1786.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.786" unit="m" value="1786.0">1786 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="2021-09-12">12 Sep 2021</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<collectorName>F. Tobar</collectorName>
3638
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
: QCA; isotype: QCNE)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
Similar to 
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Columnea ceticeps" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ceticeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Columnea ceticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, differing in the bright orange corollas (vs. bright red corollas in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. ceticeps" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ceticeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. ceticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), calyx lobes broadly ovate (vs. narrowly elongate in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. ceticeps" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ceticeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. ceticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), corolla tube ventricose (vs. uniformly tubular in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. ceticeps" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ceticeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. ceticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and corolla tube densely pubescent (vs. corolla tube sparsely pubescent in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. ceticeps" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ceticeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. ceticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Epiphytic herb with elongate pendent shoots, 1.2-1.5 m long, brown, with zigzag appearance, glabrous near base, pilose with gold-colored trichomes near apex; internodes 2.0-4.5 cm long. Petioles 0.1-0.2 cm long, pilose with multicellular gold-colored trichomes; leaves opposite, pairs usually, nearly equal to isophyllous, rarely anisophyllous, 0.6-6.0 cm long, 0.3-2.3 cm wide, ovate to elliptic, apex acuminate, base slightly oblique, lateral veins 3-8 per side, adaxially dark-green, with white trichomes, abaxially green to red-purple, densely pilose with multicellular gold-colored trichomes and single-celled white trichomes, margin crenulate to serrulate. Inflorescence reduced to 1 or 2 flowers per axil; bracts not seen, presumably caducous. Pedicels 0.3-1.3 cm long, green or red, appressed pilose with multicellular gold-colored trichomes. Calyx clasping, lobes 1.2-2.3 cm long, 0.25 cm wide, triangular-ovate to broadly triangular-ovate, apex long acuminate, exterior densely pilose, with multicellular gold-colored trichomes, interior glabrous, margin serrulate. Corolla 5.2-6.1 cm long, 0.6-1.1 cm at widest point (apex of corolla limb, near throat), tubular, medially ventricose, gibbous at base, 2.8-3.5 mm wide at narrowest point at the base, bright orange externally, interior yellow, exterior densely pubescent with multicellular red-colored trichomes, interior with sparse short trichomes and some stalked glandular trichomes; limb bilabiate, upper lip with two fused dorsal lobes and two lateral lobes, lower limb with an extended ventral lip; dorsal lobes connate, rounded to subquadrate, ca. 6.2 mm long, ca. 6.5 mm wide; lateral lobes triangular to narrowly triangular, ca. 1.5 mm long, ca. 2.0 mm wide; ventral lobe, narrowly oblong to linear ca. 1.9 cm long and ca. 2.8 mm wide, galea 1.9 cm long. Filaments ca. 5.1 cm long, connate for ca. 0.5 cm and adnate to base of corolla, anthers ca. 1.4 mm long, ca. 1.3 mm wide, included in the corolla throat, quadrangular. Ovary 3.4 mm long, conical, pubescent or glabrous, with multicellular transparent trichomes; style pale yellow to white, pilose with multicellular transparent and short stalked glandular trichomes; stigma unlobed, papillate, included in corolla tube. Nectary a bilobed dorsal gland. Mature fruit and seeds not seen.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Collected in flower during February-April, and September. Immature fruits observed in April.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">The specific epithet refers to the pendent epiphytic habit.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Distribution and preliminary assessment of conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Columnea pendens" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Columnea pendens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to the western Andean slopes of Ecuador and Colombia (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of Columnea ceticeps (squares), C. fluidifolia (triangles), and C. pendens (circles). Note that range of C. ceticeps extends into the Colombian departments of Choco, Antioquia and Risaralda (not featured here) (map provided by Marco F. Monteros)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683751" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">1</figureCitation>
). The forest is located in the broadly defined ecoregion referred to as the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chocó">Choco</normalizedToken>
Biogeographic Region or the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena">Tumbes-Choco-Magdalena</normalizedToken>
biodiversity hotspot.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
The Ecuadorian populations are known from the provinces of Santo Domingo de los 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tsáchilas">Tsachilas</normalizedToken>
and Carchi (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of Columnea ceticeps (squares), C. fluidifolia (triangles), and C. pendens (circles). Note that range of C. ceticeps extends into the Colombian departments of Choco, Antioquia and Risaralda (not featured here) (map provided by Marco F. Monteros)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683751" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">1</figureCitation>
). The Ecuadorian population from Santo Domingo de los 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tsáchilas">Tsachilas</normalizedToken>
is located on the road that connects the village 23 de Julio with San Juan de Chiriboga. Several populations from Carchi are located near 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Gualpi, between 1500 and 1800 m. According to the vegetation classification system by the Ecosystems of Continental Ecuador (
<bibRefCitation author="MAE" journalOrPublisher="Rheedea" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" refId="B7" refString="MAE, 2012. Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador. Sistema de Clasificacion de los Ecosistemas del Ecuador Continental. Quito, Ecuador." title="Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador. Sistema de Clasificacion de los Ecosistemas del Ecuador Continental. Quito, Ecuador." year="2012">MAE 2012</bibRefCitation>
), the Ecuadorian forest is classified as 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Bosque siempreverde montano bajo de Cordillera Occidental de los Andes</emphasis>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">BsBn04</emphasis>
) (lower montane evergreen) and represents a narrow band of vegetation between 1400 and 2000 meters, that ranges from the Carchi province in the north to the Santo Domingo de los 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tsáchilas">Tsachilas</normalizedToken>
province in the south. Current protected areas in Ecuador that correspond to montane evergreen forest include the Ecuadorian national park (Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador), Cotacahi-Cayapas Ecological Reserve, and several private reserves such as Los Cedros Biological Reserve, Maquipucuna Cloud Forest Reserve, and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Guajalito.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
The Colombia populations are known from Cerro Plateado, Cerro Pinche, and Munchique in the Cauca department, and La Planada in the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nariño">Narino</normalizedToken>
department (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of Columnea ceticeps (squares), C. fluidifolia (triangles), and C. pendens (circles). Note that range of C. ceticeps extends into the Colombian departments of Choco, Antioquia and Risaralda (not featured here) (map provided by Marco F. Monteros)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683751" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">1</figureCitation>
). The Colombian forests that host populations of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. pendens" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. pendens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
correspond to premontane, montane, pluvial, and cloud forests along the Pacific slopes of the Cordillera Occidental (western mountain range). Current protected areas in Colombia that correspond to known populations of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. pendens" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. pendens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
include the community-based reserve, La Reserva Natural La Planada, in the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nariño">Narino</normalizedToken>
department in southern Colombia. In addition, populations of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. pendens" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. pendens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are located in the Munchique National Natural Park, part of the Colombian Sistema Nacional de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Áreas">Areas</normalizedToken>
Protegidas, in the Cauca department.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
Based on the available information and According to the IUCN Red List criteria (
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Rheedea" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" refId="B5" refString="IUCN, 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 3.1, 2nd edn. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK." title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 3.1, 2 nd edn. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK." year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee" journalOrPublisher="Rheedea" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B6" refString="IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee, 2019. Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. [Downloadable from:] http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. [Downloadable from:]" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2019</bibRefCitation>
) 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. pendens" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. pendens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is preliminary assessed as Endangered (EN) based on fewer than five known populations (criteria B1 + 2a), EOO &lt;5000 km2, and AOO &lt;500 km2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Columnea pendens" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Columnea pendens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. ceticeps" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ceticeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. ceticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which was recently described from Colombia and northern Ecuador (
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, JF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="667 - 679" refId="B13" refString="Smith, JF, Amaya-Marquez, M, Marin-Gomez, OH, Clark, JL, 2013b. Four new species of Columnea (Gesneriaceae) with primary distributions in Colombia. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 7: 667 - 679" title="Four new species of Columnea (Gesneriaceae) with primary distributions in Colombia." volume="7" year="2013 b">Smith et al. 2013b</bibRefCitation>
). The geographic distribution for these two species overlaps in northern Ecuador and southern Colombia (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of Columnea ceticeps (squares), C. fluidifolia (triangles), and C. pendens (circles). Note that range of C. ceticeps extends into the Colombian departments of Choco, Antioquia and Risaralda (not featured here) (map provided by Marco F. Monteros)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683751" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">1</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Columnea pendens" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Columnea pendens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has uniformly bright orange corollas (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Columnea pendens F. Tobar, J. L. Clark &amp; J. F. Sm. A mature flower B pendent shoot C gynoecium and androecium D calyx lobes (A-D from F. Tobar 3638). Photos by F. Tobar." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683755" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">5A</figureCitation>
) in contrast to the uniformly bright red corollas in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. ceticeps" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ceticeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. ceticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Columnea ceticeps J. L. Clark &amp; J. F. Sm. A mature flower B pendent shoot C deeply bilabiate corolla D calyx lobes (A-D from J. L. Clark 12950 D photos by J. L. Clark." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683754" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">4A</figureCitation>
). The calyx lobes of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. pendens" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. pendens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are broadly ovate (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Columnea pendens F. Tobar, J. L. Clark &amp; J. F. Sm. A mature flower B pendent shoot C gynoecium and androecium D calyx lobes (A-D from F. Tobar 3638). Photos by F. Tobar." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683755" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">5A</figureCitation>
) in contrast to the narrowly elongate calyx lobes of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. ceticeps" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ceticeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. ceticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Columnea ceticeps J. L. Clark &amp; J. F. Sm. A mature flower B pendent shoot C deeply bilabiate corolla D calyx lobes (A-D from J. L. Clark 12950 D photos by J. L. Clark." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683754" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">4A</figureCitation>
). The corolla in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. pendens" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. pendens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is medially inflated or ventricose and covered in uniformly dense (nearly tomentose) pubescence (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Columnea pendens F. Tobar, J. L. Clark &amp; J. F. Sm. A mature flower B pendent shoot C gynoecium and androecium D calyx lobes (A-D from F. Tobar 3638). Photos by F. Tobar." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683755" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">5A</figureCitation>
) in contrast to a sparsely pubescent corolla in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. ceticeps" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ceticeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. ceticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Columnea ceticeps J. L. Clark &amp; J. F. Sm. A mature flower B pendent shoot C deeply bilabiate corolla D calyx lobes (A-D from J. L. Clark 12950 D photos by J. L. Clark." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683754" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">4A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683755" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Columnea pendens" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Columnea pendens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
F.Tobar, J.L.Clark &amp; J.F.Sm. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
mature flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
pendent shoot 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
gynoecium and androecium 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
calyx lobes (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A-D</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">F. Tobar</emphasis>
3638). Photos by F. Tobar.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1948-07" collectingDateMax="2021-04-21" collectingDateMin="1948-07" collectorName="La Depresion, E. L. Core, El Tambo, O, El Tambo, S. Yepes Agredo, J. F. Smith, P. Galeano, AJ Perez, de Julio, F. Tobar, G. Rueda" country="Ecuador" county="La Depresion" elevation="1950" latitude="-0.239444" location="Munchique" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.84861" municipality="El Tambo" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Carchi">
Colombia. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Cauca</emphasis>
: toward south end of 
<collectorName>
<collectingCounty>La Depresion</collectingCounty>
</collectorName>
, 
<locationDeviation firstLocation="Cerro Pinche" secondLocation="Cerro Plateado">between Cerro Pinche and Cerro Plateado</locationDeviation>
, 
<collectingDate value="1994-09-26">26 Sep 1994</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<collectorName>E.L. Core</collectorName>
1358
</emphasis>
(US); 
<collectorName>
El Tambo, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">O. Haught 5200</emphasis>
</collectorName>
(US); 
<collectorName>
<collectingMunicipality>El Tambo</collectingMunicipality>
</collectorName>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BAE52126998A5956A51026A05B9B7285:2FB3A7222A734EA805490842922FCE76" country="Ecuador" county="La Depresion" latitude="-0.239444" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.84861" municipality="El Tambo" name="Munchique" stateProvince="Carchi">Munchique</location>
<collectingDate value="1948-07">Jul 1948</collectingDate>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<collectorName>S. Yepes Agredo</collectorName>
472
</emphasis>
(US). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nariño">Narino</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BAE52126998A5956A51026A05B9B7285:1CD63B3A4EE97A2E2F6164C3360BF0DF" country="Ecuador" county="La Depresion" latitude="-0.239444" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.84861" municipality="El Tambo" name="Reserva Natural La Planada" stateProvince="Carchi">Reserva Natural La Planada</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BAE52126998A5956A51026A05B9B7285:4296CE3A62BA54C778542752C6801C99" country="Ecuador" county="La Depresion" latitude="-0.239444" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.84861" municipality="El Tambo" name="Ricaurte" stateProvince="Carchi">Ricaurte</location>
, on the road near 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BAE52126998A5956A51026A05B9B7285:310A522035CD6E8C36C711B6BED44CE9" country="Ecuador" county="La Depresion" latitude="-0.239444" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.84861" municipality="El Tambo" name="Quebrada Dulce" stateProvince="Carchi">Quebrada Dulce</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="1989-03-03">3 Mar 1989</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<collectorName>J.F. Smith</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>P. Galeano</collectorName>
1522
</emphasis>
, (COL, WIS). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<collectingCountry name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Carchi">Carchi</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: canton 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BAE52126998A5956A51026A05B9B7285:85AB5FA665B3DA6AD36667E891ABBB5D" country="Ecuador" county="La Depresion" latitude="-0.239444" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.84861" municipality="El Tambo" name="Mira" stateProvince="Carchi">Mira</location>
, via Gualchan-El 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BAE52126998A5956A51026A05B9B7285:BB7E041FC0DAAC360BC0BB7CBB924BB3" country="Ecuador" county="La Depresion" latitude="-0.239444" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.84861" municipality="El Tambo" name="Carmen-Chical" stateProvince="Carchi">Carmen-Chical</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0.4166667" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="0.4166667">0.4166667°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.216666" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-78.21667">78.216666°W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.9" unit="m" value="1950.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1900.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.9" unit="m" value="1950.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1900.0">1900-2000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="2014-11-02">2 Nov 2014</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<collectorName>AJ Perez</collectorName>
et al. 7716
</emphasis>
(QCA). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas">
Santo Domingo de los 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tsáchilas">Tsachilas</normalizedToken>
</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="cantón">canton</normalizedToken>
Santo Domingo, road between 23 
<collectorName>de Julio</collectorName>
y 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BAE52126998A5956A51026A05B9B7285:40001CB2DDA3D5203F3F41E4450E602E" country="Ecuador" county="La Depresion" latitude="-0.239444" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.84861" municipality="El Tambo" name="San Juan de Chirboga" stateProvince="Carchi">San Juan de Chirboga</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0.239444" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.239444">0.239444°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.848611" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-78.84861">78.848611°W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.891" unit="m" value="1891.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.891" unit="m" value="1891.0">1891 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="2021-04-21">21 April 2021</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<collectorName>F. Tobar</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>G. Rueda</collectorName>
3644
</emphasis>
(QCA)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>