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<mods:title id="F9702F083305B3DF1A197136D3F8E591">Clarification of ambiguous genus records for Australian Cleridae (Coleoptera: Cleroidea)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="4D5D879288274754A2AD896DFC2DED9D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10392912" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10392912" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D5D879288274754A2AD896DFC2DED9D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D5D879288274754A2AD896DFC2DED9D" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="379" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
<subSubSection id="8DEE650F88274752A2AD896DFD9AE867" box="[151,534,1893,1919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C54B368488274752A2AD896DFD9AE867" blockId="2.[151,534,1893,1919]" box="[151,534,1893,1919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
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<emphasis id="F780EA9688274752A2AD896DFD9AE867" bold="true" box="[151,534,1893,1919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788274752A2D4896DFD9AE867" authority="Gorham" authorityName="Gorham" authorityYear="1876" box="[238,534,1893,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Gastrocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688274752A2D4896DFE29E867" bold="true" box="[238,421,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Gastrocentrum</emphasis>
Gorham
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8DEE650F88274754A2AD89A5FCEEED01" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="379" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" type="description">
<paragraph id="C54B368488274753A2AD89A5FB8DED01" blockId="2.[151,1436,1965,2028]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="378" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688274752A2AD89A5FD91E8DF" bold="true" box="[151,541,1965,1992]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788274752A2AD89A5FD94E8DF" authority="(Westwood)" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[151,536,1965,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Gastrocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dux">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688274752A2AD89A5FEF0E8D0" bold="true" box="[151,380,1965,1992]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Gastrocentrum dux</emphasis>
(Westwood)
</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588274752A01D89A5FD7EE8D0" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[551,754,1965,1992]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" pagination="34 - 55" refId="ref5890" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1853) Descriptions of new species of Cleridae from Asia, Africa and Australia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 20, 34 - 55." type="journal article" year="1853">Westwood (1853)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788274752A14989A5FC6FE8DF" authorityName=", Westwood" authorityYear="1853" box="[883,995,1965,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dux">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688274752A14989A5FC6FE8DF" box="[883,995,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Tillus dux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from “Nova Hollandia apud Fluvium Cygnorum”, i.e.,
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488274752A36289DAFE62E8F3" box="[344,494,2001,2028]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">New Holland</collectingCountry>
near Swan River, from material “In Mus[eum] Melly” and stated to be 13 and-a-half ‘lines’ in length, i.e., approx.
<quantity id="020C9B6188264753A3D98E9FFD92EFA9" box="[483,542,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
.
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588264753A0138E9FFD7CEFA9" author="Blackburn, T." box="[553,752,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" pagination="113 - 169" refId="ref4453" refString="Blackburn, T. (1900) Further notes on Australian Coleoptera, with descriptions of new genera and species. Part XXVII. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 24 (2), 113 - 169." type="journal article" year="1900">Blackburn (1900)</bibRefCitation>
referred to
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A14E8E9FFC6EEFA9" authorityName=", Westwood" authorityYear="1853" box="[884,994,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dux">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A14E8E9FFC6EEFA9" box="[884,994,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Tillus dux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a “complete enigma” and, due to its large size, considered it likely to represent a misidentified species of
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A1978EB3FC72EFCD" box="[941,1022,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Natalis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A1978EB3FC72EFCD" box="[941,1022,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Natalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(now
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A6728EB3FB3FEFCD" authorityName="Schenkling" authorityYear="1909" box="[1096,1203,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Eunatalis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A6728EB3FB3FEFCD" box="[1096,1203,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Eunatalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Schenkling (1903: 13) indicated doubt about the Australian distribution of
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A1388ED7FCE3EFE1" authorityName=", Westwood" authorityYear="1853" box="[770,879,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dux">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A1388ED7FCE3EFE1" box="[770,879,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Tillus dux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and, in a subsequent catalogue (
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588264753A6EC8ED7FF38EE05" author="Schenkling, S." pageId="3" pageNumber="378" pagination="23" refId="ref5673" refString="Schenkling, S. (1910) Pars 23: Cleridae. In: Schenkling, S. (ed.), Coleopterorum Catalogus. Volumen X. W. Junk, Berlin. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 011 - 9697 - 0" type="book chapter" year="1910">Schenkling 1910: 25</bibRefCitation>
) listing it as
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A3718F0BFDAFEE05" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[331,547,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Gastrocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dux">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A3718F0BFDAFEE05" box="[331,547,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Gastrocentrum dux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
following
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588264753A09B8F0BFCB3EE05" author="Gahan, C. J." box="[673,831,259,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" pagination="55 - 76" refId="ref4797" refString="Gahan, C. J. (1910) Notes on Cleridae and descriptions of some new genera and species of this family of Coleoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8 (5), 55 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931008692725" type="journal article" year="1910">Gahan (1910)</bibRefCitation>
, mentioned only
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488264753A63F8F0BFBDAEE05" box="[1029,1110,259,285]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Ceylon</collectingCountry>
and Java, omitting
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488264753A70C8F0BFA11EE05" box="[1334,1437,259,285]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Australia</collectingCountry>
altogether from its distribution.
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588264753A3C58F2FFD42EE59" author="Corporaal, J. B." box="[511,718,294,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" refId="ref4690" refString="Corporaal, J. B. (1950 a) Coleopterorum Catalogus, Supplimenta. Pars 23: Cleridae. W. Junk, Gravenhage." type="book" year="1950">Corporaal (1950a)</bibRefCitation>
clearly expressed doubt over the validity of the Australian
<typeStatus id="1A4F882688264753A7568F2FFA10EE59" box="[1388,1436,295,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">type</typeStatus>
locality, giving the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A01F8F43FDFFEE7D" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[549,627,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Gastrocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dux">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A01F8F43FDFFEE7D" box="[549,627,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">G. dux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as “
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488264753A0938F43FD73EE7D" box="[681,767,331,357]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Ceylon</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488264753A1378F43FCC5EE7D" box="[781,841,331,357]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488264753A1628F43FC1DEE7D" box="[856,913,331,357]" name="Laos" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Laos</collectingCountry>
, Java (?),
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488264753A6308F43FBFDEE7D" box="[1034,1137,331,357]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Australia</collectingCountry>
(??)”.
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588264753A6FE8F43FA14EE7D" author="Gerstmeier, R." box="[1220,1432,330,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" pagination="55 - 56" refId="ref4900" refString="Gerstmeier, R. (2005) A new species of Gastrocentrum Gorham, 1876, from Malaysia (Coleoptera: Cleridae, Tillinae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 115 (2), 55 - 56." type="journal article" year="2005">Gerstmeier (2005)</bibRefCitation>
, adding
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488264753A2D18F67FEC3EE91" box="[235,335,367,393]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Thailand</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488264753A3BC8F67FE5EEE91" box="[390,466,367,393]" name="Myanmar" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Burma</collectingCountry>
to the known distribution of
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A1268F67FCEBEE91" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[796,871,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Gastrocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dux">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A1268F67FCEBEE91" box="[796,871,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">G. dux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, reiterated Corporaal’s doubt about its occurrence in
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488264753A2898F9BFE91EEB5" box="[179,285,403,429]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588264753A3138F9BFE7FEEB5" author="Mawdsley, J. R." box="[297,499,403,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" pagination="267 - 272" refId="ref5133" refString="Mawdsley, J. R. (1999) Review of the genus Gastrocentrum Gorham, 1876 (Coleoptera Cleridae Tillinae), with biological notes on species from Sri Lanka. Tropical Zoology, 12, 267 - 272. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.1999.10539393" type="journal article" year="1999">Mawdsley (1999)</bibRefCitation>
, however, focusing only on the Sri Lankan fauna, offered no comment on the
<typeStatus id="1A4F882688264753A7568F9BFA10EEB5" box="[1388,1436,403,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A3228FBFFEE2EEC9" box="[280,366,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A3228FBFFEE6EEC9" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[280,362,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Gastrocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dux">G. dux</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
After 20 years of researching clerids, including documenting the
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A64B8FBFFB5CEEC9" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1137,1232,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cleridae</taxonomicName>
collections of 16 Australian and six European institutional collections (see
<tableCitation id="8876033F88264753A11B8FD3FCF8EEED" box="[801,884,475,501]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,244,369,393]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="TABLE 1. Acronyms for Cleridae collections examined by the author and years visited." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/918B660C88244751A2A28F79FBCBEE91" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" tableUuid="918B660C88244751A2A28F79FBCBEE91">Table 1</tableCitation>
), plus several private collections, this author has not found a single
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A3528FF7FD9DED01" authorityName="Gorham" authorityYear="1876" box="[360,529,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Gastrocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A3528FF7FD9DED01" box="[360,529,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Gastrocentrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen undeniably collected in
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488264753A1A98FF7FC71ED01" box="[915,1021,511,537]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C54B368488264753A2FD8C2BFC73ECF5" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588264753A2FD8C2BFE17ED25" author="Yang, G. &amp; Yang, X. &amp; Shi, H." box="[199,411,547,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" pagination="99 - 132" refId="ref6024" refString="Yang, G. Yang, X. &amp; Shi, H. (2020) Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Gastrocentrum Gorham (Coleoptera, Cleridae, Tillinae), with the description of five new species. Zookeys, 979, 99 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 979.53765" type="journal article" year="2020">
Yang
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A3318C2BFECAED25" box="[267,326,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
recognised nine species, five newly described, in their revision of
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A69F8C2BFAC2ED25" authorityName="Gorham" authorityYear="1876" box="[1189,1358,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Gastrocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A69F8C2BFAC2ED25" box="[1189,1358,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Gastrocentrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which omitted
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A2C88C4FFDC0ED79" authority="(Pic)" baseAuthorityName="Pic" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[242,588,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Gastrocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicolle">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A2C88C4FFD9CED79" box="[242,528,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Gastrocentrum brevicolle</emphasis>
(Pic)
</taxonomicName>
due to unavailability of specimens. Of the three remaining already described species,
<typeStatus id="1A4F882688264753A2CD8C63FEABED9D" box="[247,295,619,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">type</typeStatus>
material was studied for
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A0728C63FCA6ED9D" authority="(White)" baseAuthorityName="White" box="[584,810,619,645]" class="Geoglossomycetes" family="Geoglossaceae" genus="Corynetes" kingdom="Fungi" order="Geoglossales" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="unicolor">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A0728C63FD46ED9D" box="[584,714,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">G. unicolor</emphasis>
(White)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A1588C63FB48ED9D" authority="Gerstmeier" authorityName="Gerstmeier" authorityYear="2005" box="[866,1220,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Gastrocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laterimaculatum">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A1588C63FBB2ED9D" box="[866,1086,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">G. laterimaculatum</emphasis>
Gerstmeier
</taxonomicName>
, but not for
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A76B8C63FEAFEDB1" authority="(Westwood)" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Gastrocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dux">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A76B8C63FA10ED9D" box="[1361,1436,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">G. dux</emphasis>
(Westwood)
</taxonomicName>
. Their interpretation of
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A00E8C87FD0CEDB1" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[564,640,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Gastrocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dux">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A00E8C87FD0CEDB1" box="[564,640,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">G. dux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was therefore based on a single
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A1C38C87FB2EEDB1" authorityName="Gorham" authorityYear="1876" box="[1017,1186,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Gastrocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A1C38C87FB2EEDB1" box="[1017,1186,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Gastrocentrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen bequeathed to the MNHN, Paris in 1930 from the collection of French Coleopterist Albert Sicard, labelled “
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A6F38CBBFABAEDD5" authorityName=", Westwood" authorityYear="1853" box="[1225,1334,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dux">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A6F38CBBFABAEDD5" box="[1225,1334,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Tillus dux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” and, on a separate label, “
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A35B8CDFFE44EDE9" box="[353,456,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488264753A35B8CDFFE44EDE9" box="[353,456,727,753]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Australie</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
”, which cannot simply be assumed to represent the place of collection... particularly when:
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A2D88CF2FF75EC0C" bold="true" box="[226,249,762,788]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">a)</emphasis>
the fact that it is printed in the same hand, on the same blue coloured paper and seemingly using the same ink (see
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588264753A2CE8D17FE22EC21" author="Yang, G. &amp; Yang, X. &amp; Shi, H." box="[244,430,799,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" pagination="99 - 132" refId="ref6024" refString="Yang, G. Yang, X. &amp; Shi, H. (2020) Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Gastrocentrum Gorham (Coleoptera, Cleridae, Tillinae), with the description of five new species. Zookeys, 979, 99 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 979.53765" type="journal article" year="2020">
Yang
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A30E8D17FEE0EC21" box="[308,364,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2) as the “
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A06C8D17FD4FEC21" authorityName=", Westwood" authorityYear="1853" box="[598,707,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dux">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A06C8D17FD4FEC21" box="[598,707,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Tillus dux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” label suggests high likelihood that both labels were printed, and added to the specimen, at the same time, the “
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A09D8D4BFC82EC45" box="[679,782,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488264753A09D8D4BFC82EC45" box="[679,782,835,861]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Australie</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
” label potentially based on the published
<typeStatus id="1A4F882688264753A6CA8D4BFAACEC45" box="[1264,1312,835,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">type</typeStatus>
locality of the species the specimen was at that time determined to be, rather than necessarily indicating a collecting locality;
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A2AD8D82FF3CECBC" bold="true" box="[151,176,906,932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">b)</emphasis>
the historical precedent for considering the Australian
<typeStatus id="1A4F882688264753A12D8D83FCCBECBD" box="[791,839,907,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A1FD8D83FB86ECBD" authorityName=", Westwood" authorityYear="1853" box="[967,1034,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dux">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A1FD8D83FB86ECBD" box="[967,1034,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">T. dux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
erroneous is well-established in the published literature (see above); and,
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A0028DA6FDC3ECD0" bold="true" box="[568,591,942,968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">c)</emphasis>
the genus
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A0FE8DA7FCE1ECD1" authorityName="Gorham" authorityYear="1876" box="[708,877,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Gastrocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A0FE8DA7FCE1ECD1" box="[708,877,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Gastrocentrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not represented by a single Australian-collected specimen in any Australian institutional or private collection (also see above).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C54B368488264753A2FD8DFFFD95EA15" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
Additionally, in support of point ‘b’, it is known that individual specimens within the Melly Collection (in the Muséum d’histoire naturelle de
<collectingRegion id="0730F86688264753A0318A13FDEFEB2D" box="[523,611,1051,1077]" country="Switzerland" name="Geneve" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Genève</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488264753A0488A13FD70EB2D" box="[626,764,1051,1077]" name="Switzerland" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
), commonly do not have locality and identification labels attached to them, with locality data only loosely associated with specimens by their position above a ‘taxon name &amp; region’ label within drawers (
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588264753A3C78A6BFC89EB65" author="Gueorguiev, B. &amp; Wrase, D. E. &amp; Farkac, J." box="[509,773,1123,1149]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" pagination="21 - 57" refId="ref4938" refString="Gueorguiev, B., Wrase, D. E. &amp; Farkac, J. (2014) Revision of the East Mediterranean Orthomus (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Pterostichini), with description of Parorthomus gen. n. socotranus sp. n. from Socotra Island and key to the Old World genera of subtribe Euchroina. Zookeys, 427, 21 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 427.7618" type="journal article" year="2014">
Guéorguiev
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A0B38A6BFD37EB65" box="[649,699,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
). Several instances of doubt or confusion around collecting data of Melly material have been reported in the taxonomic literature (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588264753A1C08A8FFB28EBB9" author="Saunders, W. W." box="[1018,1188,1158,1185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" pagination="76 - 85" refId="ref5540" refString="Saunders, W. W. (1850) On various Australian longicorn beetles. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (new series), 1, 76 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1850. tb 02486. x" type="journal article" year="1850">Saunders 1850</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588264753A68B8A8FFAC5EBB9" author="Kuijten, J. J." box="[1201,1353,1159,1185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" pagination="3 - 49" refId="ref5040" refString="Kuijten, J. J. (1983) Revision of the genus Hybosorus Macleay (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Hybosorinae). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 203, 3 - 49, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1983">Kuijten 1983</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588264753A76C8A8FFE16EBDD" author="Flores, G. E. &amp; Pizarro-Araya, J." pageId="3" pageNumber="378" pagination="65 - 68" refId="ref4747" refString="Flores, G. E. &amp; Pizarro-Araya, J. (2010) Two new synonymies in the genus Praocis (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Zootaxa, 2386 (1), 65 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2386.1.5" type="journal article" year="2010">
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488264753A76C8A8FFA10EBB9" box="[1366,1436,1159,1185]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Flores</collectingCountry>
&amp; Pizarro-Araya 2010
</bibRefCitation>
), and I have likewise found numerous examples of Melly Collection material completely lacking locality data (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588264753A3F18AC7FDEFEBF1" author="Kuijten, J. J." box="[459,611,1231,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" pagination="3 - 49" refId="ref5040" refString="Kuijten, J. J. (1983) Revision of the genus Hybosorus Macleay (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Hybosorinae). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 203, 3 - 49, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1983">Kuijten 1983</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588264753A04A8AC7FD72EBF1" author="Geiser, M." box="[624,766,1231,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref4849" refString="Geiser, M. (2010) Studies on Prionoceridae (Coleoptera: Cleroidea). II. A revision of the genus Prionocerus Perty, 1831. Zootaxa, 2328 (1), 1 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2328.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Geiser 2010</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588264753A1318AC7FBDAEBF1" author="Sandoval-Gomez, V. E. &amp; Lopes-Andrade, C. &amp; Lawrence, J. F." box="[779,1110,1231,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" pagination="23 - 43" refId="ref5485" refString="Sandoval-Gomez, V. E., Lopes-Andrade, C. &amp; Lawrence, J. F. (2014) Lectotype designations and nomenclatural changes in Xylographus Mellie (Coleoptera: Ciidae). Zookeys, 374, 23 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 374.6553" type="journal article" year="2014">
Sandoval-Gómez
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A1ED8AC7FB9EEBF1" box="[983,1042,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588264753A65E8AC7FEB6EA15" author="Pecci-Maddalena, I. S. C. &amp; Lopes-Andrade, C." pageId="3" pageNumber="378" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref5367" refString="Pecci-Maddalena, I. S. C. &amp; Lopes-Andrade, C. (2017) Systematics of the Caracis furcifer species-group (Coleoptera: Ciidae): The specialized consumers of the blood-red bracket fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus. Insects, 8 (3), 1 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / insects 8030070" type="journal article" year="2017">Pecci-Maddalena &amp; Lopes-Andrade 2017</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588264753A37F8AFBFD82EA15" author="Seidel, M. &amp; Arriaga-Varela, E. &amp; Sousa, R." box="[325,526,1267,1293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" pagination="389 - 405" refId="ref5726" refString="Seidel, M., Arriaga-Varela, E. &amp; Sousa, R. (2018) Catalogue of the Incini with the description of the first Archedinus species from Honduras (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 58 (2), 389 - 405. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / aemnp- 2018 - 0031" type="journal article" year="2018">
Seidel
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A3A88AFBFE46EA15" box="[402,458,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C54B368488264753A2FD8B1FFAD7E831" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
In his description of
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A38E8B1FFD76EA29" authority=", Westwood (1853)" authorityName=", Westwood" authorityYear="1853" box="[436,762,1302,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dux">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A38E8B1FFDA5EA29" box="[436,553,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Tillus dux,</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588264753A0088B1FFD76EA29" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[562,762,1302,1329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" pagination="34 - 55" refId="ref5890" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1853) Descriptions of new species of Cleridae from Asia, Africa and Australia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 20, 34 - 55." type="journal article" year="1853">Westwood (1853)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
writes of the insect in general as “
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A6BD8B1FFE4DEA4D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">fusco-nigricans, setosus, pubescentia aurea obstus</emphasis>
” (i.e., brown-black, bristly, covered with golden pubescence), of the prothorax as “
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A29E8B57FA1CEA60" box="[164,1424,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">elongatus, subcylindricus, elytris multo angustior, antice parum latior, ante et pone medium puallo constrictus</emphasis>
” (i.e., elongate, subcylindrical, much narrower than the elytra, a little wider anteriorly, constricted in front and at the middle by a pustule) and of the elytra as “
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A0A68BAFFB5EEAD9" box="[668,1234,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">nubila seu fascia indistincta ante medium obscura</emphasis>
” which translates to “a dark cloud or indistinct band before the middle” with the latter feature suggestive of interruption in the distribution of the golden setae. The illustration of
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A0E38BE7FC91E911" authorityName=", Westwood" authorityYear="1853" box="[729,797,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dux">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A0E38BE7FC91E911" box="[729,797,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">T. dux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
published by
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588264753A1848BE7FB0CE911" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[958,1152,1518,1545]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" pagination="34 - 55" refId="ref5890" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1853) Descriptions of new species of Cleridae from Asia, Africa and Australia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 20, 34 - 55." type="journal article" year="1853">Westwood (1853</bibRefCitation>
; plate 24, fig. 11) clearly shows a dark section of the elytral disc positioned above the middle, interrupting what appears to represent the more broadly distributed golden pubescence mentioned in the description. Of the described
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A658883FFAEFE949" box="[1122,1379,1591,1617]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A658883FFA87E949" box="[1122,1291,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Gastrocentrum</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
only
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A2AD8853FE61E96D" authority="Yang, Yang &amp; Shi" authorityName="Yang, Yang &amp; Shi" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,493,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Gastrocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnum">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A2AD8853FE96E96C" box="[151,282,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">G. magnum</emphasis>
Yang, Yang &amp; Shi
</taxonomicName>
approaches
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A0418853FD4AE96D" authorityName=", Westwood" authorityYear="1853" box="[635,710,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dux">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A0418853FD4AE96D" box="[635,710,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">G. dux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in body size, and the high-resolution photograph of
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A7238853FA10E96C" authorityName="Yang, Yang &amp; Shi" authorityYear="2020" box="[1305,1436,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Gastrocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnum">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A7238853FA10E96C" box="[1305,1436,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">G. magnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588264753A2A58877FED3E981" author="Yang, G. &amp; Yang, X. &amp; Shi, H." box="[159,351,1663,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" pagination="99 - 132" refId="ref6024" refString="Yang, G. Yang, X. &amp; Shi, H. (2020) Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Gastrocentrum Gorham (Coleoptera, Cleridae, Tillinae), with the description of five new species. Zookeys, 979, 99 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 979.53765" type="journal article" year="2020">
Yang
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A2D88877FE98E981" box="[226,276,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">et al</emphasis>
. 2020
</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation id="5DCF2A0188264753A3518877FE27E981" box="[363,427,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="2.[152,270,1607,1631]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1027,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-342@2.[151,1436,1027,1581]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. (1) Syntype specimen of Chalciclerus pantomelas Boisduval (MNHN); (2) specimen of Balcus violaceus (Fabricius) erroneously labelled as a type specimen of Chalciclerus pantomelas Boisduval (MNHN); (3) specimen of Thallis janthina Erichson (Erotylidae) (SDEI) misidentified by Sigmund Schenkling as Korynetes abdominalis (Fabricius); (4) syntype specimen of Corynetes unicolor Chevrolat, 1876 (MNHN), a synonym of Korynetes coeruleus (De Geer); (5) syntype specimen of Labasiella duboulayi Pic, 1950 (MNHN), a synonym of Solervicensia ovata (Spinola); (6) syntype specimen of Elasmocerus picticollis Blackburn, 1901 (NHML), a synonym of Monophylla terminata (Say)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10361477" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10361477/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) clearly shows elytra that are densely vested with golden setae, with a darker area above the middle where the setae are absent, exactly as described and illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588264753A63988ABFB43E9A5" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[1027,1231,1698,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" pagination="34 - 55" refId="ref5890" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1853) Descriptions of new species of Cleridae from Asia, Africa and Australia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 20, 34 - 55." type="journal article" year="1853">Westwood (1853)</bibRefCitation>
. Additional points of consideration include: 1) the fact that
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A04888CFFD33E9F9" authorityName=", Westwood" authorityYear="1853" box="[626,703,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dux">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A04888CFFD33E9F9" box="[626,703,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">G. dux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
determination labels are affixed to the pins of two
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A72D88CFFA10E9F8" authorityName="Yang, Yang &amp; Shi" authorityYear="2020" box="[1303,1436,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Gastrocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnum">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A72D88CFFA10E9F8" box="[1303,1436,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">G. magnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="1A4F882688264753A2AD88E3FE88E81D" box="[151,260,1771,1797]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
from north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488264753A3DA88E3FD96E81D" box="[480,538,1771,1797]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">India</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="0730F86688264753A01288E3FDFAE81D" box="[552,630,1771,1797]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Assam</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="0730F86688264753A09088E3FC8CE81D" box="[682,768,1771,1797]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
); and 2) much of the distribution given by
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588264753A6EE88E3FA10E81D" author="Yang, G. &amp; Yang, X. &amp; Shi, H." box="[1236,1436,1771,1797]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" pagination="99 - 132" refId="ref6024" refString="Yang, G. Yang, X. &amp; Shi, H. (2020) Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Gastrocentrum Gorham (Coleoptera, Cleridae, Tillinae), with the description of five new species. Zookeys, 979, 99 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 979.53765" type="journal article" year="2020">
Yang
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A72E88E3FAC0E81D" box="[1300,1356,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
for
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A2858907FECDE830" authorityName="Yang, Yang &amp; Shi" authorityYear="2020" box="[191,321,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Gastrocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnum">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A2858907FECDE830" box="[191,321,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">G. magnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488264753A36A8907FE02E831" box="[336,398,1807,1833]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488264753A3A38907FE53E831" box="[409,479,1807,1833]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488264753A3D08907FDC0E831" box="[490,588,1807,1833]" name="Vietnam" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488264753A06C8907FD37E831" box="[598,699,1807,1833]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Thailand</collectingCountry>
) overlaps with the previously known distribution of
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A7338907FAD7E831" box="[1289,1371,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A7338907FADBE831" authorityName=", Westwood" authorityYear="1853" box="[1289,1367,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dux">G. dux</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C54B368488264754A2FD893BFC33EFE1" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="379" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
Regarding the published
<typeStatus id="1A4F882688264753A3E1893BFD87E855" box="[475,523,1843,1869]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">type</typeStatus>
locality, “Nova Hollandia apud Fluvium Cygnorum”, i.e.,
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488264753A6B5893BFAAFE855" box="[1167,1315,1843,1869]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">New Holland</collectingCountry>
near Swan River, there is, interestingly, a Swan River near the southern border of the State of
<collectingRegion id="0730F86688264753A679895FFA98E869" box="[1091,1300,1879,1905]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
, in northern
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488264753A2AD8973FF58E88D" box="[151,212,1915,1941]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">India</collectingCountry>
. Geographically, just as
<collectingRegion id="0730F86688264753A3C98973FDC8E88D" box="[499,580,1915,1941]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
(where
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A09D8973FCA1E88C" authorityName="Yang, Yang &amp; Shi" authorityYear="2020" box="[679,813,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Gastrocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnum">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A09D8973FCA1E88C" box="[679,813,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">G. magnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs) does,
<collectingRegion id="0730F86688264753A1E38973FB26E88D" box="[985,1194,1915,1941]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
adjoins the southern Tibetan border. Considering the similarity between
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A0E08997FC52E8A1" authority="Yang et al." authorityName="Yang" box="[730,990,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Gastrocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnum">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A0E08997FCD1E8A0" box="[730,861,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">G. magnum</emphasis>
Yang
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A19F8997FC52E8A1" box="[933,990,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">et al.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788264753A62F8997FAAFE8A1" authority="sensu Westwood" authorityName="Westwood" box="[1045,1315,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dux">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A62F8997FBECE8A1" box="[1045,1120,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">G. dux</emphasis>
sensu Westwood
</taxonomicName>
(not sensu Yang
<emphasis id="F780EA9688264753A2E089CBFE99E8C5" box="[218,277,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">et al.</emphasis>
), and the possibility that the former is synonymous with the latter, it seems plausible to suggest that the western-most populations of such a sub-Himalayan-adapted species might extend as far as
<collectingRegion id="0730F86688214754A6F48E9FFA11EFA9" box="[1230,1437,151,177]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
from
<collectingRegion id="0730F86688214754A2EC8EB3FEA7EFCD" box="[214,299,187,213]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
.
<collectingRegion id="0730F86688214754A30C8EB3FD89EFCD" box="[310,517,187,213]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
is also only about
<quantity id="020C9B6188214754A0E48EB3FCB9EFCD" box="[734,821,187,213]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" unit="km" value="800.0">800 km</quantity>
northwest of the nearest known locality for the genus
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788214754A2AD8ED7FE54EFE1" authority=", Modi Khola" authorityName="Modi Khola" box="[151,472,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Gastrocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688214754A2AD8ED7FECCEFE1" box="[151,320,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Gastrocentrum</emphasis>
, Modi Khola
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488214754A3DE8ED7FDABEFE1" box="[484,551,223,249]" name="Nepal" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Nepal</collectingCountry>
(for
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788214754A0658ED7FC38EFE1" authority="Yang et al. 2020" authorityName="Yang" authorityYear="2020" box="[607,948,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Gastrocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiaodongi">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688214754A0658ED7FD7DEFE1" box="[607,753,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">G. xiaodongi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588214754A0CD8ED7FC38EFE1" author="Yang, G. &amp; Yang, X. &amp; Shi, H." box="[759,948,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" pagination="99 - 132" refId="ref6024" refString="Yang, G. Yang, X. &amp; Shi, H. (2020) Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Gastrocentrum Gorham (Coleoptera, Cleridae, Tillinae), with the description of five new species. Zookeys, 979, 99 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 979.53765" type="journal article" year="2020">
Yang
<emphasis id="F780EA9688214754A1028ED7FCFCEFE1" box="[824,880,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C54B368488214754A2FD8F0BFCEEED01" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">
In the absence of establishing morphological congruence between the abovementioned MNHN “
<emphasis id="F780EA9688214754A7138F0BFA1CEE05" box="[1321,1424,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488214754A7138F0BFA1CEE05" box="[1321,1424,259,285]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Australie</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
” specimen and Westwood’s
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788214754A3F58F2FFDB3EE59" box="[463,575,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dux">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688214754A3F58F2FFDB3EE59" box="[463,575,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Tillus dux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="1A4F882688214754A0708F2FFD28EE59" box="[586,676,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
, the morphological concept of
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788214754A6378F2FFA0CEE59" authority="sensu Yang et al. (2020)" authorityName="Yang" authorityYear="2020" box="[1037,1408,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dux">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688214754A6378F2FFBD7EE59" box="[1037,1115,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">G. dux</emphasis>
sensu
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588214754A6968F2FFA0CEE59" author="Yang, G. &amp; Yang, X. &amp; Shi, H." box="[1196,1408,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" pagination="99 - 132" refId="ref6024" refString="Yang, G. Yang, X. &amp; Shi, H. (2020) Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Gastrocentrum Gorham (Coleoptera, Cleridae, Tillinae), with the description of five new species. Zookeys, 979, 99 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 979.53765" type="journal article" year="2020">
Yang
<emphasis id="F780EA9688214754A6CA8F2FFAA7EE59" box="[1264,1323,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is supported only by faith that the “
<emphasis id="F780EA9688214754A0368F43FDFFEE7D" box="[524,627,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488214754A0368F43FDFFEE7D" box="[524,627,331,357]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Australie</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
” label represents a collecting event; not a strong case for its occurrence in
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488214754A28C8F67FE91EE91" box="[182,285,367,393]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Australia</collectingCountry>
compared to the evidence presented above to the contrary. Therefore, as, after 160 years since the description of
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788214754A30D8F9BFE28EEB5" box="[311,420,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dux">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688214754A30D8F9BFE28EEB5" box="[311,420,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Tillus dux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, there remains no definitive specimen-based evidence for the occurrence of
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788214754A6CE8F9BFF33EEC9" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Gastrocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dux">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688214754A6CE8F9BFF33EEC9" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Gastrocentrum dux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488214754A2DF8FBFFEC3EEC9" box="[229,335,439,465]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Australia</collectingCountry>
, I propose that the genus
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788214754A04C8FBFFC93EEC9" box="[630,799,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Gastrocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688214754A04C8FBFFC93EEC9" box="[630,799,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Gastrocentrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
be considered absent from the Australian fauna and the Australian type locality of
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788214754A3FB8FD3FDA2EEED" box="[449,558,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Tillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dux">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688214754A3FB8FD3FDA2EEED" box="[449,558,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Tillus dux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
erroneous. The status of
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788214754A17D8FD3FAA8EEED" authority="Yang, Yang &amp; Shi" authorityName="Yang, Yang &amp; Shi" authorityYear="2020" box="[839,1316,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Gastrocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnum">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688214754A17D8FD3FBDAEEEC" box="[839,1110,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Gastrocentrum magnum</emphasis>
Yang, Yang &amp; Shi
</taxonomicName>
in relation to
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788214754A28E8FF7FD84ED01" authority="Westwood" authorityName="Westwood" box="[180,520,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Gastrocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dux">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688214754A28E8FF7FE07ED01" box="[180,395,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Gastrocentrum dux</emphasis>
Westwood
</taxonomicName>
requires further consideration.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8DEE650F88214754A2FD8C2AFC2DED9D" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C54B368488214754A2FD8C2AFB9CED79" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688214754A2FD8C2AFEEFED24" bold="true" box="[199,355,546,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Distribution:</emphasis>
Requires clarification, but potentially
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488214754A1348C2BFCC6ED25" box="[782,842,547,573]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488214754A16E8C2BFC48ED25" box="[852,964,547,573]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
, southern
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488214754A60E8C2BFBF6ED25" box="[1076,1146,547,573]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488214754A6BE8C2BFB31ED25" box="[1156,1213,547,573]" name="Laos" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Laos</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488214754A6FD8C2BFAA1ED25" box="[1223,1325,547,573]" name="Thailand" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488214754A70C8C2BFA14ED25" box="[1334,1432,547,573]" name="Vietnam" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488214754A2AD8C4FFF6FED79" box="[151,227,583,609]" name="Myanmar" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Burma</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588214754A2C88C4FFE3EED79" author="Corporaal, J. B." box="[242,434,582,609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" refId="ref4690" refString="Corporaal, J. B. (1950 a) Coleopterorum Catalogus, Supplimenta. Pars 23: Cleridae. W. Junk, Gravenhage." type="book" year="1950">Corporaal 1950a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588214754A3878C4FFDF8ED79" author="Mawdsley, J. R." box="[445,628,583,609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" pagination="267 - 272" refId="ref5133" refString="Mawdsley, J. R. (1999) Review of the genus Gastrocentrum Gorham, 1876 (Coleoptera Cleridae Tillinae), with biological notes on species from Sri Lanka. Tropical Zoology, 12, 267 - 272. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.1999.10539393" type="journal article" year="1999">Mawdsley 1999</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588214754A0458C4FFCB1ED79" author="Gerstmeier, R." box="[639,829,582,609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" pagination="55 - 56" refId="ref4900" refString="Gerstmeier, R. (2005) A new species of Gastrocentrum Gorham, 1876, from Malaysia (Coleoptera: Cleridae, Tillinae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 115 (2), 55 - 56." type="journal article" year="2005">Gerstmeier 2005</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="A1654B7588214754A17D8C4FFB88ED79" author="Yang, G. &amp; Yang, X. &amp; Shi, H." box="[839,1028,583,609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" pagination="99 - 132" refId="ref6024" refString="Yang, G. Yang, X. &amp; Shi, H. (2020) Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Gastrocentrum Gorham (Coleoptera, Cleridae, Tillinae), with the description of five new species. Zookeys, 979, 99 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 979.53765" type="journal article" year="2020">
Yang
<emphasis id="F780EA9688214754A1B28C4FFC4CED79" box="[904,960,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C54B368488214754A2FD8C62FC2DED9D" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,645]" box="[199,929,618,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688214754A2FD8C62FE97ED9C" bold="true" box="[199,283,618,644]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Status:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="02F44D0788214754A3188C63FE76ED9D" box="[290,506,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Cleridae" genus="Gastrocentrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dux">
<emphasis id="F780EA9688214754A3188C63FE76ED9D" box="[290,506,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Gastrocentrum dux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is non-native and absent in
<collectingCountry id="BDE3761488214754A1098C63FC11ED9D" box="[819,925,619,645]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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