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158 lines
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.36.7386" ID-PMC="PMC4023343" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-36-59" ID-Pensoft-UUID="0F74A217FFEBFFDF5711FFE8DE6B757F" ID-PubMed="24843294" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576210" ModsDocID="1314-2003-36-59" checkinTime="1451251752577" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Robinson, Harold & Funk, Vicki A." docDate="2014" docId="2E8D8513B5EBAE56A1C37BC869CD96B2" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 36: 59-65" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 36" docPubDate="2014-04-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.36.7386" docTitle="Gymnanthemum Cass." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="0F74A217FFEBFFDF5711FFE8DE6B757F" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="0F74A217FFEBFFDF5711FFE8DE6B757F" masterDocTitle="Gymnanthemum koekemoerae (Compositae, Vernonieae), a new species from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1668141094405" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Gymnanthemum koekemoerae (Compositae, Vernonieae), a new species from South Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Robinson, Harold</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>US National Herbarium, Department of Botany, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 20560 USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Funk, Vicki A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>US National Herbarium, Department of Botany, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 20560 USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2014-04-30</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>36</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>59</mods:start>
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<mods:end>65</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.36.7386</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.36.7386</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-36-59</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">0F74A217FFEBFFDF5711FFE8DE6B757F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576210</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152025067" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2E8D8513B5EBAE56A1C37BC869CD96B2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2E8D8513B5EBAE56A1C37BC869CD96B2" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName LSID="2E8D8513-B5EB-AE56-A1C3-7BC869CD96B2" authority="Cass." authorityName="Cass." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gymnanthemum" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Gymnanthemum Cass.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Gymnanthemum</taxonomicName>
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Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1817: 10. 1817. Type:
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cupulare">Gymnanthemum cupulare</taxonomicName>
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Cass. =
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coloratum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Gymnanthemum coloratum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Willd.) H. Rob. & B. Kahn
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bracheilema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Bracheilema</taxonomicName>
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R. Br. ex Salt, Abyss. Append.: 65. 1814, nom. nud.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Decaneurum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Decaneurum</taxonomicName>
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DC., Arch. Bot. (Paris) 2: 516. 1833, nom. superfl., type same as
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Gymnanthemum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1838" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Plectreca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Plectreca</taxonomicName>
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Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 119. 1838. Type:
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Staehelina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="corymbosa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Staehelina corymbosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Thunb.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1838" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Keringa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Keringa</taxonomicName>
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Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 144. 1838. Type:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amygdalina">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Vernonia amygdalina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Del.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cheliusia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cheliusia</taxonomicName>
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Sch. Bip. in Hochstetter, Flora 24(1, Intelligenzbl.): 26. 1841, nom. nud.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Vernonia</taxonomicName>
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subsect.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Urceolata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Urceolata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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S.B. Jones, Rhodora 83: 67. 1981. Type:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="O. Hoffm" authorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sphaerocalyx">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Vernonia sphaerocalyx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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O. Hoffm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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Shrubs or small trees moderately to densely branching; stems often felted, hairs rarely asymmetrically T-shaped. Leaves alternate; petioles short, winged or elongate; blades membranaceous to rather coriaceous, margins entire to serrate or dentate, upper surfaces essentially glabrous and somewhat glossy to arachnoid tomentose. Inflorescences terminal, densely corymbiform, with small bracteoles; peduncles short; involucral bracts coriaceous, 25-35, 4-5-seriate, inner bracts often deciduous. Florets 3-50; corolla white to violet, anther base broadly tailed, tails often long, apical appendage glabrous; style base without or with scarcely distinct node; style branches with stout, pointed sweeping hairs. Achenes 5-10-costate, raphids short, elongate or not evident; pappus of many rather persistent capillary bristles, often with broadened tips, with outer series of short squamellae. Pollen sublophate. Chromosome number
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">n</emphasis>
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= 10, 20. More than 43 species are found in sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, Southern Asia, and also introduced into Brazil.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Gymnanthemum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Cassini, H" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Philomatique de Paris" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" pagination="10 - 13" refId="B3" refString="Cassini, H, 1817. Apercu des genres nouveaux formes par M. Henri Cassini dans la famille des Synantherees. Bulletin de la Societe Philomatique de Paris 1817: 10 - 13" title="Apercu des genres nouveaux formes par M. Henri Cassini dans la famille des Synantherees." volume="1817" year="1817">Cassini (1817)</bibRefCitation>
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, included in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Vernonia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation author="Candolle, AP de" journalOrPublisher="Archives de Botanique" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" pagination="514 - 519" refId="B2" refString="Candolle, AP de, 1836. Genres nouveaux appartenant a la famille des Composees ou Synantherees. Seconde decade. Archives de Botanique 2: 514 - 519" title="Genres nouveaux appartenant a la famille des Composees ou Synantherees. Seconde decade." volume="2" year="1836">Candolle (1836)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Bentham, G" journalOrPublisher="Genera plantarum" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" pagination="163 - 533" refId="B1" refString="Bentham, G, 1873. . Genera plantarum vol. 2 (1): 163 - 533" volume="vol. 2" year="1873">Bentham (1873)</bibRefCitation>
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and resurrected by
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<bibRefCitation author="Robinson, H" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" pagination="493 - 501" publicationUrl="10.1098/rspb.1986.0036" refId="B11" refString="Robinson, H, Kahn, B, 1986. Trinervate leaves, yellow flowers, tailed anthers, and pollen variation in Distephanus Cassini (Vernonieae: Asteraceae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 99: 493 - 501, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1986.0036" title="Trinervate leaves, yellow flowers, tailed anthers, and pollen variation in Distephanus Cassini (Vernonieae: Asteraceae)." url="10.1098/rspb.1986.0036" volume="99" year="1986">Robinson and Kahn (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Robinson, H" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" pagination="220 - 247" refId="B8" refString="Robinson, H, 1999. Revisions in paleotropical Vernonieae (Asteraceae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 112 (1): 220 - 247" title="Revisions in paleotropical Vernonieae (Asteraceae)." volume="112" year="1999">Robinson (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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. The generic limits have changed and are now more narrow than in 1999. Currently the genus has nine species in southern Africa (Robinson et al. in prep.), five of which are endemic to South Africa; a key to those is provided here. The four more widespread species are
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="theophrastifolium">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Gymnanthemum theophrastifolium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Schweinf. ex Oliv. & Hiern) H. Rob.,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coloratum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Gymnanthemum coloratum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Willd.) H. Rob. & B. Kahn,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amygdalinum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Gymnanthemum amygdalinum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Del.) Sch. Bip. ex Walp. and
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gymnanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myrianthum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Gymnanthemum myrianthum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Hook. f.) H. Rob. The still unfinished monograph will cover all species of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonieae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vernonieae</taxonomicName>
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from Southern Africa with descriptions, keys and pollen images (Robinson et al. in prep.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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