166 lines
21 KiB
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166 lines
21 KiB
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<document id="C9B3FFD0FFDDB395DD766A25180B0E7F" ID-CLB-Dataset="39311" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4053.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1213dc53-0bc1-49d9-80d9-cecb92f244b1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="237117" ID-ZooBank="5D898449-E50A-4F70-B82B-BF2281A95F12" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461352968452" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dronen, Norman O. & Blend, Charles K." docDate="2015" docId="317187CDFFCC7733BEB0A4C298AF8E71" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04053p100.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4053 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Circumvitellatrema phasidi Stunkard 1929, n. comb." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="CD48FFB5FFEC7712BE27A220996E8A29" masterDocTitle="Updated keys to the genera in the subfamilies of Cyclocoelidae Stossich, 1902, including a reconsideration of species assignments, species keys and the proposal of a new genus in Szidatitreminae Dronen, 2007" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1698661410129" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="161881B411AB9DDF39B25982B192C205" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9A3E7E14B5DB7F8F9AF619576FBAF5D8">
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<mods:title id="F1C8EDEEC8DD34C1CCE98A9709354A10">Updated keys to the genera in the subfamilies of Cyclocoelidae Stossich, 1902, including a reconsideration of species assignments, species keys and the proposal of a new genus in Szidatitreminae Dronen, 2007</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="565AEB2C34FCDF3E00A6E45D80EB2904" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="4463AA3C424E9497034533DE342803BF">Dronen, Norman O.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="58D380F988946D876C77F913CA0EAF71" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7C4AC1A8FF49AD0554ED13E68A1F6C4C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D72477847DD0636CCF87F76139CCCC10">Blend, Charles K.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="64B8CBB91FFDA07489B5F2EF72A5E2F8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="E0923AFC3AD2AB771D47C18BBCE5FAED">
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<mods:title id="0B563CE271D6927E18E362B3059D922C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="BCC76BD8DB3CEC15925AB31AF20352FB">
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<mods:date id="835B66F2E4D54BB7F8E291B6E338B65A">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="A928B3B7BDF18D4657DC3D09388A88DF" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="7C9B9B02144531566EE5E61E98BE1601">4053</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="52CDCA526FFB0EFD66122C03483FCA9A" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="846F9940F2DD688243ED778955EC8125">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="208B0313D82D545048ECDE4BA3B2B2F4">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DDF836FD371E99333DCACB75E4725851" type="CLB-Dataset">39311</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6FBC653BAE7E34218390CE2C74B16148" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4053.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="95B0CFD16DCC430F003587A55BFB9060" type="GBIF-Dataset">1213dc53-0bc1-49d9-80d9-cecb92f244b1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="64F16CB4F91F465447C1CBE53BB74D77" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5538D2E9097AF1FF976FF44B8D61C6A6" type="Zenodo-Dep">237117</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="317187CDFFCC7733BEB0A4C298AF8E71" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6108994" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119646885" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6108994" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:317187CDFFCC7733BEB0A4C298AF8E71" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/317187CDFFCC7733BEB0A4C298AF8E71" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<subSubSection id="F1C26550FFCC7732BEB0A4C29B328CD5" box="[151,604,1762,1788]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B96736DBFFCC7732BEB0A4C29B328CD5" blockId="32.[151,604,1762,1788]" box="[151,604,1762,1788]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<heading id="E22F81B7FFCC7732BEB0A4C29B328CD5" bold="true" box="[151,604,1762,1788]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="8BACEAC9FFCC7732BEB0A4C29B328CD5" bold="true" box="[151,604,1762,1788]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName id="7ED84D58FFCC7732BEB0A4C298848CD5" ID-CoL="8ZDXW" authority="Stunkard, 1929" authorityName="Stunkard" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,490,1762,1788]" class="Trematoda" family="Cyclocoelidae" genus="Circumvitellatrema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="phasidi" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="8BACEAC9FFCC7732BEB0A4C299C58CD5" bold="true" box="[151,171,1762,1788]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="8BACEAC9FFCC7732BE9EA4C2987F8CD5" bold="true" box="[185,273,1762,1788]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">phasidi</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="DD494B2AFFCC7732BF07A4C2988C8CD5" author="Stunkard" box="[288,482,1762,1788]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Stunkard, H. W. (1929) The parasitic worms collected by the American Museum of Natural History Expedition to the Belgian Congo 1909 - 1914. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 58, 233 - 289." type="journal article" year="1929">Stunkard, 1929</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="909F57B2FFCC7732BFD5A4C29B328CD5" box="[498,604,1762,1788]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F1C26550FFCC7733BEB0A50898AF8E71" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="B96736DBFFCC7732BEB0A50898F58DA0" blockId="32.[151,1436,1832,2037]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="8BACEAC9FFCC7732BEB0A508987F8D68" bold="true" box="[151,273,1832,1857]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<typeStatus id="66638879FFCC7732BEB0A50899BC8D68" box="[151,210,1832,1857]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Type</typeStatus>
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host.
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</emphasis>
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Plumed guineafowl,
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<taxonomicName id="7ED84D58FFCC7732BC26A5099A708D68" authority="Cassin" authorityName="Cassin" box="[513,798,1832,1857]" class="Aves" family="Numididae" genus="Guttera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plumifera">
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<emphasis id="8BACEAC9FFCC7732BC26A5099BA28D68" box="[513,716,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Guttera plumifera</emphasis>
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Cassin
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="7ED84D58FFCC7732BD0BA5089AD68D68" box="[812,952,1832,1857]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Galliformes</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="7ED84D58FFCC7732BDE5A5089D2E8D68" box="[962,1088,1832,1857]" class="Aves" family="Numididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Numididae</taxonomicName>
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)—
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<bibRefCitation id="DD494B2AFFCC7732BA42A5089C6D8D68" author="Boyko" box="[1125,1283,1832,1857]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Boyko, C. B. (1996) Catalog of recent type specimens in the Department of Invertebrates, American Museum of Natural History. III. " Parasitica " (Phyla Platyhelminthes, Rhombozoa and Pentastomida) and Gastrotricha (Supplement). American Museum Novitates, No. 3174, 1 - 59." type="book chapter" year="1996">Boyko (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="8BACEAC9FFCC7732BEE0A56C98088D4C" bold="true" box="[199,358,1868,1893]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<typeStatus id="66638879FFCC7732BEE0A56C986C8D4C" box="[199,258,1868,1893]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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Ngayu,
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<collectingCountry id="C1CF764BFFCC7732BFE0A56C9A3D8D4C" box="[455,851,1868,1893]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
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(previously the
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<collectingCountry id="C1CF764BFFCC7732BA2BA56C9DD88D4C" box="[1036,1206,1868,1893]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Belgian Congo</collectingCountry>
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and the Republic of
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<collectingCountry id="C1CF764BFFCC7732BEB0A55099BA8DA0" box="[151,212,1904,1929]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Zaire</collectingCountry>
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)—
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<bibRefCitation id="DD494B2AFFCC7732BEDFA55098F88DA0" author="Boyko" box="[248,406,1904,1929]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Boyko, C. B. (1996) Catalog of recent type specimens in the Department of Invertebrates, American Museum of Natural History. III. " Parasitica " (Phyla Platyhelminthes, Rhombozoa and Pentastomida) and Gastrotricha (Supplement). American Museum Novitates, No. 3174, 1 - 59." type="book chapter" year="1996">Boyko (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B96736DBFFCC7733BEE0A5B498AF8E71" blockId="32.[151,1436,1832,2037]" lastBlockId="33.[151,1437,151,1112]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="8BACEAC9FFCC7732BEE0A5B49B5D8D84" bold="true" box="[199,563,1940,1965]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Previously proposed synonym.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="7ED84D58FFCC7732BC1DA5B49DEF8D84" authority="Stunkard, 1929" authorityName="Stunkard" authorityYear="1929" box="[570,1153,1940,1965]" class="Trematoda" family="Cyclocoelidae" genus="Cyclocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="phasidi" subGenus="Cyclocoelum">
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<emphasis id="8BACEAC9FFCC7732BC1DA5B49BA28D84" box="[570,716,1940,1965]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Cyclocoelum</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="8BACEAC9FFCC7732BCFBA5B49A008D84" box="[732,878,1940,1965]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Cyclocoelum</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="8BACEAC9FFCC7732BD59A5B49ABF8D84" box="[894,977,1940,1965]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">phasidi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="DD494B2AFFCC7732BDFFA5B49DEF8D84" author="Stunkard" box="[984,1153,1940,1965]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Stunkard, H. W. (1929) The parasitic worms collected by the American Museum of Natural History Expedition to the Belgian Congo 1909 - 1914. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 58, 233 - 289." type="journal article" year="1929">Stunkard, 1929</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<bibRefCitation id="DD494B2AFFCC7732BABAA5B49C1D8D84" author="Bashkirova" box="[1181,1395,1940,1965]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Bashkirova, E. I. (1950) Family Cyclocoelidae Kossack, 1911. Osnovy Trematodologii, 4, 329 - 493." type="journal article" year="1950">Bashkirova (1950)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="8BACEAC9FFCC7732BEE0A59898558DF8" bold="true" box="[199,315,1976,2001]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This species was originally described as
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<taxonomicName id="7ED84D58FFCC7732BD01A5989DBC8DF8" authority="Stunkard, 1929" authorityName="Stunkard" authorityYear="1929" box="[806,1234,1976,2001]" class="Trematoda" family="Cyclocoelidae" genus="Cyclocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="phasidi">
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<emphasis id="8BACEAC9FFCC7732BD01A5989D788DF8" box="[806,1046,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Cyclocoelum phasidi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="DD494B2AFFCC7732BA06A5989DBC8DF8" author="Stunkard" box="[1057,1234,1976,2001]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Stunkard, H. W. (1929) The parasitic worms collected by the American Museum of Natural History Expedition to the Belgian Congo 1909 - 1914. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 58, 233 - 289." type="journal article" year="1929">Stunkard, 1929</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="DD494B2AFFCC7732BAC5A5989CF28DF8" author="Stunkard" box="[1250,1436,1976,2001]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Stunkard, H. W. (1929) The parasitic worms collected by the American Museum of Natural History Expedition to the Belgian Congo 1909 - 1914. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 58, 233 - 289." type="journal article" year="1929">Stunkard (1929)</bibRefCitation>
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indicated that there were three distributions of the vitelline fields represented in the three specimens used in the description of this species: 1. “continuous posteriorly but interrupted anteriorly” (confluent posteriorly); 2. “completely encircle the ceca” (confluent at both ends of the worm); and 3. “continuous anteriorly and the stem of one side does not quite reach the posterior end, leaving a short gap” (not confluent posteriorly). Based on the original description and Fig. 36 of the
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<typeStatus id="66638879FFCD7733BC7FA3249BD48B34" box="[600,698,260,285]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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in the original description the ovary is intertesticular forming a triangle with the testes in these specimens, placing these specimens in Cyclocoelinae. The genital pore was originally described as being ventral to the pharynx, but appears to be prepharyngeal in Fig. 36, which would suggest placement of this specimen in
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<taxonomicName id="7ED84D58FFCD7733BC72A34F9B898BA1" box="[597,743,367,392]" class="Trematoda" family="Cyclocoelidae" genus="Cyclocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8BACEAC9FFCD7733BC72A34F9B898BA1" box="[597,743,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Cyclocoelum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, in species of
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<taxonomicName id="7ED84D58FFCD7733BA20A34F9DF78BA1" box="[1031,1177,367,392]" class="Trematoda" family="Cyclocoelidae" genus="Cyclocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8BACEAC9FFCD7733BA20A34F9DF78BA1" box="[1031,1177,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Cyclocoelum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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generally the vitelline fields are considered not to be confluent posteriorly rather than being confluent as in distribution 1 from the above list from
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<bibRefCitation id="DD494B2AFFCD7733BF21A39798C38BF9" author="Stunkard" box="[262,429,439,464]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Stunkard, H. W. (1929) The parasitic worms collected by the American Museum of Natural History Expedition to the Belgian Congo 1909 - 1914. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 58, 233 - 289." type="journal article" year="1929">Stunkard 1929</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<typeStatus id="66638879FFCD7733BFE7A398989C8BF9" box="[448,498,440,464]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus>
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specimen of this species). The anterior end of the
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<typeStatus id="66638879FFCD7733BA77A3989DEE8BF9" box="[1104,1152,440,464]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus>
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specimen appears to be contracted, which may account for the nearly prepharyngeal appearance of the genital pore in the specimen shown in Fig. 36. If the placement of the genital pore is postpharyngeal in the specimen represented in Fig. 36, then this specimen would be placed in
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<emphasis id="8BACEAC9FFCD7733BC2CA0049BC98814" box="[523,679,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Psophiatrema</emphasis>
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(Cyclocoelinae). In the case of the second distribution above (confluent anteriorly and posteriorly), the encirclement of the ceca by the vitelline fields suggests that this specimen should be assigned to
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<taxonomicName id="7ED84D58FFCD7733BC30A04C9ADD88AC" authority="Cyclocoelinae" authorityName="Cyclocoelinae" box="[535,947,620,645]" class="Trematoda" family="Cyclocoelidae" genus="Circumvitellatrema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8BACEAC9FFCD7733BC30A04C9B9E88AC" box="[535,752,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Circumvitellatrema</emphasis>
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(Cyclocoelinae)
|
||
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
. In the third
|
||
|
|
<typeStatus id="66638879FFCD7733BA73A04D9DEA88AC" box="[1108,1156,621,645]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus>
|
||
|
|
of vitelline distribution where the vitelline fields are described as being confluent anterior but not at the posterior end of the body, it is likely that the observation reported of the posterior “short gap” in this specimen is an artifact and that this specimen would likely also be assigned to
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7ED84D58FFCD7733BC14A0F79A6288D9" box="[563,780,727,752]" class="Trematoda" family="Cyclocoelidae" genus="Circumvitellatrema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="8BACEAC9FFCD7733BC14A0F79A6288D9" box="[563,780,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Circumvitellatrema</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
. Occasionally we have observed similar anomalies in
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7ED84D58FFCD7733BEB0A0DC9AC1893D" authority="Dronen, Greiner, Ialeggio & Nolan, 2009" authorityName="Dronen, Greiner, Ialeggio & Nolan" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,943,764,789]" class="Trematoda" family="Cyclocoelidae" genus="Circumvitellatrema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="momota">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="8BACEAC9FFCD7733BEB0A0DC98BC893D" box="[151,466,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Circumvitellatrema momota</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="DD494B2AFFCD7733BFFDA0DD9AC1893D" author="Dronen" box="[474,943,764,789]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Dronen, N. O., Greiner, E. C., Ialeggio, D. M. & Nolan, T. J. (2009) Circumvitellatrema momota n. gen., n. sp. (Digenea: Cyclocoelidae: Cyclocoelinae) from a captive-hatched blue-crowned motmot, Momotus momota (Momotidae). Zootaxa, 2161, 60 - 68." type="journal article" year="2009">Dronen, Greiner, Ialeggio & Nolan, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
, but in nearly all these cases it was because the posterior confluence was hidden by the cyclocoel and/or the egg-laden uterus. Similarly, we have noted that the anterior confluence of the vitelline fields in
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7ED84D58FFCD7733BC8DA1659A458975" box="[682,811,837,860]" class="Trematoda" family="Cyclocoelidae" genus="Circumvitellatrema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="momota">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="8BACEAC9FFCD7733BC8DA1659BD38975" box="[682,701,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
.
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="8BACEAC9FFCD7733BCF7A1659A458975" box="[720,811,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">momota</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
are not always obvious and can be hidden in some specimens by the intestinal bifurcation and cirrus sac. Although it is quite possible to have multiple species present in the same host species and indeed in the same host, we believe all three of these specimens represent a species of
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7ED84D58FFCD7733BEB0A18F981E89E1" box="[151,368,943,968]" class="Trematoda" family="Cyclocoelidae" genus="Circumvitellatrema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="8BACEAC9FFCD7733BEB0A18F981E89E1" box="[151,368,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Circumvitellatrema</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
. In this case, two specimens came from a
|
||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="C1CF764BFFCD7733BD63A18F9AFB89E1" box="[836,917,943,968]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
|
|
fowl from Niapu in 1913, while the third (Fig. 36) came from Ngayu in 1909. That being said, in our view, there appears to be enough observations related to the variability of the extent of the vitelline fields in the literature that suggest that the posterior confluence of the vitelline fields, or the lack thereof, may indeed need to be more thoroughly documented. Rudimentary oral sucker present—Stunkard (1929).
|
||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
||
|
|
</treatment>
|
||
|
|
</document>
|