treatments-xml/data/09/74/88/0974884CB678FFDDFF6CFE87038AFECA.xml

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<mods:title id="44B0E4151E75C6BE9477AF24251D9DB1">Review of the family Coccidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Laos</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AAFB824F678F6AA77B724D29F9CBEEFA">Choi, Jinyeong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FD60B3FE1DDFA20320B6BDDC611186E4">Soysouvanh, Pheophanh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D0AD186F3AE38B21D3867E9E55669398">Lee, Seunghwan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1C085D36004F5C7C164D36D6D6F72AF3">Hong, Ki-Jeong</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0974884CB678FFDDFF6CFE87038AFECA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5966422" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148695337" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5966422" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0974884CB678FFDDFF6CFE87038AFECA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0974884CB678FFDDFF6CFE87038AFECA" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B678FFDAFF6CFE870340FE88" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8162395AB678FFDAFF6CFE87003BFEEA" blockId="11.[151,624,290,350]" box="[151,624,290,316]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="DA2A8E36B678FFDAFF6CFE87003BFEEA" bold="true" box="[151,624,290,316]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B678FFDAFF6CFE87003BFEEA" ID-CoL="T3YM" authority="(Fabricius, 1798)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[151,624,290,316]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceriferus">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B678FFDAFF6CFE87003BFEEA" bold="true" box="[151,624,290,316]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B678FFDAFF6CFE8703DEFEEA" bold="true" box="[151,405,290,316]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ceroplastes ceriferus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB678FFDAFE5EFE870023FEEA" box="[421,616,290,316]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref24737" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1798) Supplementum Entomologiae Systematicae. Proft et Storch, Hafniae, 572 pp." type="book">Fabricius, 1798</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8162395AB678FFDAFF6CFEE00340FE88" blockId="11.[151,624,290,350]" box="[151,267,325,350]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
(
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB678FFDAFF64FEE002ACFE88" box="[159,231,325,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1781,1803]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1256,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,1256,1769]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ceroplastes ceriferus (Fabricius, 1798). A, adult female in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, stigmatic spines; D, antenna; E, leg. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 50 µm; D, E = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459518/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB678FFDAFF08FEE30349FE88" box="[243,258,326,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1873,1895]" captionTargetBox="[219,1389,348,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[203,1389,337,1855]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ceroplastes ceriferus (Fabricius, 1798), adult female, from Gimpel et al. (1974). A1-3, dorsal setae; B1-4, Ceroplastes-type pores; C, stigmatic spine; D, simple microduct; E, submarginal seta; F, multilocular disc-pore; G, ventral tubular duct; H, leg; I, cruciform pore; J, spiracular disc-pore; K, marginal seta; L, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459520/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">7</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8162395AB678FFDAFF6CFE2B006BFE75" blockId="11.[151,544,397,419]" box="[151,544,397,419]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A1CD1E74B678FFDAFF6CFE2B006BFE75" box="[151,544,397,419]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B678FFDAFF6CFE2B0057FE75" ID-CoL="WMH4" authority="Fabricius, 1798: 546" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="546" authorityYear="1798" box="[151,540,397,419]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceriferus">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B678FFDAFF6CFE2B0309FE75" box="[151,322,397,419]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Coccus ceriferus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="007C1F4BB678FFDAFEB3FE280057FE75" author="" box="[328,540,397,419]" page="546" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB678FFDAFEB3FE2803A2FE75" box="[328,489,397,419]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref24737" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1798) Supplementum Entomologiae Systematicae. Proft et Storch, Hafniae, 572 pp." type="book">Fabricius, 1798</bibRefCitation>
: 546
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.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B678FFDAFF6CFE6A019CFCFA" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8162395AB678FFDAFF6CFE6A019CFCFA" blockId="11.[151,1437,463,1208]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B678FFDAFF6CFE6A035AFE3E" bold="true" box="[151,273,463,488]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body covered with thick white wax forming a distinct dorsal horn at maturity (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB678FFDAFB63FE6A06B8FE3E" box="[1176,1267,463,488]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1781,1803]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1256,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,1256,1769]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ceroplastes ceriferus (Fabricius, 1798). A, adult female in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, stigmatic spines; D, antenna; E, leg. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 50 µm; D, E = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459518/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Dorsum with 
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B678FFDAFF6CFE510357FDDA" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1828" box="[151,284,500,524]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B678FFDAFF6CFE510357FDDA" box="[151,284,500,524]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ceroplastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 
<typeStatus id="5E6687F8B678FFDAFED8FE50031EFDDB" box="[291,341,501,525]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
pores of 
<specimenCount id="97DBF2D3B678FFDAFE44FE510044FDDB" box="[447,527,500,525]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="generic" typeStatus="types">4 types</specimenCount>
present: mono-, bi-, tri- and quadrilocular pores (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB678FFDAFBC5FE5106DCFDDA" box="[1086,1175,500,525]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1873,1895]" captionTargetBox="[219,1389,348,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[203,1389,337,1855]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ceroplastes ceriferus (Fabricius, 1798), adult female, from Gimpel et al. (1974). A1-3, dorsal setae; B1-4, Ceroplastes-type pores; C, stigmatic spine; D, simple microduct; E, submarginal seta; F, multilocular disc-pore; G, ventral tubular duct; H, leg; I, cruciform pore; J, spiracular disc-pore; K, marginal seta; L, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459520/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
); bi- or trilocular pores abundant; anal plates each with 4 apical setae; and dorsal setae variable, usually blunt, evenly distributed on dorsum except for clear areas (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB678FFDAFE0EFD99001BFD82" box="[501,592,572,597]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1873,1895]" captionTargetBox="[219,1389,348,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[203,1389,337,1855]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ceroplastes ceriferus (Fabricius, 1798), adult female, from Gimpel et al. (1974). A1-3, dorsal setae; B1-4, Ceroplastes-type pores; C, stigmatic spine; D, simple microduct; E, submarginal seta; F, multilocular disc-pore; G, ventral tubular duct; H, leg; I, cruciform pore; J, spiracular disc-pore; K, marginal seta; L, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459520/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). Marginal setae spinose, each with a pointed apex; with 2–4 setae present between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB678FFDAFD39FDFA016BFDAE" box="[706,800,607,632]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1873,1895]" captionTargetBox="[219,1389,348,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[203,1389,337,1855]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ceroplastes ceriferus (Fabricius, 1798), adult female, from Gimpel et al. (1974). A1-3, dorsal setae; B1-4, Ceroplastes-type pores; C, stigmatic spine; D, simple microduct; E, submarginal seta; F, multilocular disc-pore; G, ventral tubular duct; H, leg; I, cruciform pore; J, spiracular disc-pore; K, marginal seta; L, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459520/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7K</figureCitation>
). Stigmatic clefts shallow, each with conical or bulletshaped stigmatic spines, arranged in a triangular area composed of about 6 setal rows (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB678FFDAFB8EFD210699FD4B" box="[1141,1234,644,669]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1781,1803]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1256,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,1256,1769]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ceroplastes ceriferus (Fabricius, 1798). A, adult female in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, stigmatic spines; D, antenna; E, leg. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 50 µm; D, E = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459518/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 6C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB678FFDAFB24FD210748FD4A" box="[1247,1283,644,668]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1873,1895]" captionTargetBox="[219,1389,348,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[203,1389,337,1855]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ceroplastes ceriferus (Fabricius, 1798), adult female, from Gimpel et al. (1974). A1-3, dorsal setae; B1-4, Ceroplastes-type pores; C, stigmatic spine; D, simple microduct; E, submarginal seta; F, multilocular disc-pore; G, ventral tubular duct; H, leg; I, cruciform pore; J, spiracular disc-pore; K, marginal seta; L, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459520/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">7C</figureCitation>
). Venter with multilocular disc-pores present on all abdominal segments, with a few pores present laterad of meta-, meso- and procoxa (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB678FFDAFEF9FD690312FD32" box="[258,345,716,741]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1873,1895]" captionTargetBox="[219,1389,348,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[203,1389,337,1855]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ceroplastes ceriferus (Fabricius, 1798), adult female, from Gimpel et al. (1974). A1-3, dorsal setae; B1-4, Ceroplastes-type pores; C, stigmatic spine; D, simple microduct; E, submarginal seta; F, multilocular disc-pore; G, ventral tubular duct; H, leg; I, cruciform pore; J, spiracular disc-pore; K, marginal seta; L, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459520/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
); tubular ducts each with a very narrow inner ductule, present on submarginal area of posterior abdomen and head (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB678FFDAFE71FD4A03A1FCDE" box="[394,490,751,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1873,1895]" captionTargetBox="[219,1389,348,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[203,1389,337,1855]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ceroplastes ceriferus (Fabricius, 1798), adult female, from Gimpel et al. (1974). A1-3, dorsal setae; B1-4, Ceroplastes-type pores; C, stigmatic spine; D, simple microduct; E, submarginal seta; F, multilocular disc-pore; G, ventral tubular duct; H, leg; I, cruciform pore; J, spiracular disc-pore; K, marginal seta; L, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459520/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7G</figureCitation>
); antenna 6 segmented (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB678FFDAFCEBFD4A013FFCDE" box="[784,884,751,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1781,1803]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1256,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,1256,1769]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ceroplastes ceriferus (Fabricius, 1798). A, adult female in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, stigmatic spines; D, antenna; E, leg. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 50 µm; D, E = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459518/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 6D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB678FFDAFC7EFD5501E3FCDE" box="[901,936,752,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1873,1895]" captionTargetBox="[219,1389,348,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[203,1389,337,1855]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ceroplastes ceriferus (Fabricius, 1798), adult female, from Gimpel et al. (1974). A1-3, dorsal setae; B1-4, Ceroplastes-type pores; C, stigmatic spine; D, simple microduct; E, submarginal seta; F, multilocular disc-pore; G, ventral tubular duct; H, leg; I, cruciform pore; J, spiracular disc-pore; K, marginal seta; L, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459520/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">7L</figureCitation>
); and legs without tibio-tarsal articulatory scleroses (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB678FFDAFEF0FCB1032EFCFB" box="[267,357,788,813]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1781,1803]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1256,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,1256,1769]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ceroplastes ceriferus (Fabricius, 1798). A, adult female in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, stigmatic spines; D, antenna; E, leg. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 50 µm; D, E = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459518/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 6E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB678FFDAFE8AFCB103DFFCFA" box="[369,404,788,812]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1873,1895]" captionTargetBox="[219,1389,348,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[203,1389,337,1855]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ceroplastes ceriferus (Fabricius, 1798), adult female, from Gimpel et al. (1974). A1-3, dorsal setae; B1-4, Ceroplastes-type pores; C, stigmatic spine; D, simple microduct; E, submarginal seta; F, multilocular disc-pore; G, ventral tubular duct; H, leg; I, cruciform pore; J, spiracular disc-pore; K, marginal seta; L, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459520/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">7H</figureCitation>
) (partially adopted from 
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB678FFDAFD55FCB10180FCFA" box="[686,971,788,813]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref25911" refString="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Peronti, A. L. B. G. (2012) A revision of the wax scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Ceroplastinae) of the Afrotropical Region. Zootaxa, 3372, 1 - 265." type="journal article">Hodgson &amp; Peronti 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B678FFDAFF3CFC92007DFCA2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8162395AB678FFDAFF3CFC92007DFCA2" blockId="11.[151,1437,463,1208]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B678FFDAFF3CFC9203F8FC86" bold="true" box="[199,435,823,848]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Material examined.</emphasis>
4 ♀♀, LAOS, Paksong Dist., Champasak Prov., 
<date id="F5631F9AB678FFDAFC17FC920624FC86" box="[1004,1135,823,848]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2016-07-30">30.vii.2016</date>
, coll. P.P. Soysouvanh, on 
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B678FFDAFF6CFCF80079FCA2" authority="Mill." authorityName="Mill." box="[151,562,860,885]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Persea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B678FFDAFF6CFCF8032FFCA2" box="[151,356,861,884]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Persea americana</emphasis>
Mill. (Lauraceae)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B678FFDAFF3CFCDA00D9FC36" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8162395AB678FFDAFF3CFCDA00D9FC36" blockId="11.[151,1437,463,1208]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B678FFDAFF3CFCDA035AFC4E" bold="true" box="[199,273,895,920]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hosts.</emphasis>
Polyphagous. According to ScaleNet (
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB678FFDAFD3FFC2501BDFC4E" box="[708,1014,895,920]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref24883" refString="Garcia Morales, M., Denno, B. D., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y. &amp; Hardy, N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 3 July 2018) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url">
García Morales 
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B678FFDAFC81FC2401E1FC4E" box="[890,938,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B678FFDAFBF2FC2506C5FC4E" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" box="[1033,1166,896,920]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceriferus">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B678FFDAFBF2FC2506C5FC4E" box="[1033,1166,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. ceriferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded from plants belonging to 80 genera in 52 families. In 
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB678FFDAFD3BFC0000B2FC6A" box="[704,761,933,956]" name="Laos" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Laos</collectingCountry>
, it has been recorded on 
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B678FFDAFBE0FC0006C0FC6A" box="[1051,1163,933,956]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B678FFDAFBE0FC0006C0FC6A" box="[1051,1163,933,956]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Dracaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B678FFDAFB3FFC010728FC6A" authorityName="" authorityYear="1789" box="[1220,1379,932,956]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asparagaceae</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B678FFDAFF6CFC6D029EFC09" box="[151,213,968,991]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B678FFDAFF6CFC6D029EFC09" box="[151,213,968,991]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ficus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B678FFDAFEF1FC6D0337FC36" authorityName="" authorityYear="1835" box="[266,380,968,992]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB678FFDAFE68FC6200CDFC36" box="[403,646,967,992]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref28309" refString="Suh, S. J. &amp; Bombay, K. (2015) Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) found on Dracaena and Ficus plants (Asparagales: Asparagaceae, Rosales: Moraceae) from southeastern Asia. Insecta Mundi, 0 448, 1 - 10." type="journal article">
Suh &amp; 
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB678FFDAFE1FFC620008FC36" box="[484,579,967,992]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bombay</collectingCountry>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B678FFDAFF3CFC4900D3FB6E" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8162395AB678FFDAFF3CFC49060AFBFE" blockId="11.[151,1437,463,1208]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B678FFDAFF3CFC49032BFBD3" bold="true" box="[199,352,1004,1029]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution.</emphasis>
All zoogeographical regions; 
<collectingRegion id="4319F7B8B678FFDAFD39FC490132FBD3" box="[706,889,1004,1029]" country="Morocco" name="Oriental" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<collectingRegion id="4319F7B8B678FFDAFD39FC490155FBD3" box="[706,798,1004,1029]" country="Egypt" name="Ash Sharqiyah" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Oriental</collectingRegion>
Region
</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB678FFDAFC77FC490181FBD3" box="[908,970,1004,1029]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">India</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB678FFDAFC23FC490603FBD3" box="[984,1096,1004,1029]" name="Indonesia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB678FFDAFBACFC4806DBFBD2" box="[1111,1168,1005,1028]" name="Laos" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Laos</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB678FFDAFB64FC490743FBD3" box="[1183,1288,1004,1029]" name="Malaysia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB678FFDAFAECFC4907D3FBD3" box="[1303,1432,1004,1029]" name="Philippines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB678FFDAFF6CFBAA02A7FBFE" box="[151,236,1039,1064]" name="Taiwan" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB678FFDAFF0CFBAA0310FBFE" box="[247,347,1039,1064]" name="Thailand" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Thailand</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB678FFDAFE6AFBAA03B9FBFE" box="[401,498,1039,1064]" name="Vietnam" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB678FFDAFDF3FBAA00B1FBFE" box="[520,762,1039,1064]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref28309" refString="Suh, S. J. &amp; Bombay, K. (2015) Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) found on Dracaena and Ficus plants (Asparagales: Asparagaceae, Rosales: Moraceae) from southeastern Asia. Insecta Mundi, 0 448, 1 - 10." type="journal article">
Suh &amp; 
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB678FFDAFDA3FBAA00FCFBFE" box="[600,695,1039,1064]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bombay</collectingCountry>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB678FFDAFCFEFBB5067EFBFE" box="[773,1077,1039,1064]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref24883" refString="Garcia Morales, M., Denno, B. D., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y. &amp; Hardy, N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 3 July 2018) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url">
García Morales 
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B678FFDAFC42FBB401A2FBFE" box="[953,1001,1040,1064]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8162395AB678FFDAFF3CFB9100D3FB6E" blockId="11.[151,1437,463,1208]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B678FFDAFF3CFB91039EFB9B" bold="true" box="[199,469,1076,1101]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Economic importance.</emphasis>
Although 
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B678FFDAFDB4FB91009EFB9A" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" box="[591,725,1076,1100]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceriferus">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B678FFDAFDB4FB91009EFB9A" box="[591,725,1076,1100]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. ceriferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be not a serious pest, some authors note that it can cause damage to numerous ornamental plants by producing honeydew, which fosters the development of sooty mold (
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB678FFDAFF65FBD90390FB42" box="[158,475,1148,1173]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref29131" refString="Williams, M. L. &amp; Kosztarab, M. (1972) Morphology and systematics of the Coccidae of Virginia with notes on their biology (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Research Division Bulletin, Firginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 74, 1 - 215." type="journal article">Williams &amp; Kosztarab 1972</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB678FFDAFE1DFBD80148FB42" box="[486,771,1148,1173]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref25720" refString="Hamon, A. B. &amp; Williams, M. L. (1984) The soft scale insects of Florida (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). Arthropods of Florida and Neighboring Land Areas. Florida Department of Agricultural &amp; Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, Florida, 194 pp." type="book">Hamon &amp; Williams 1984</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB678FFDAFCF6FBD9061AFB42" box="[781,1105,1148,1173]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref25875" refString="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Henderson, R. C. (2000) Coccidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Fauna of New Zealand, 41, 1 - 259." type="journal article">Hodgson &amp; Henderson 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Sooty mold blocks light and air from the leaves, impairing photosynthesis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="D5A269D2B678FFDAFF6CF95001C4F8FC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459518/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[151,250,1781,1803]" targetBox="[151,1436,1256,1769]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8162395AB678FFDAFF6CF95001C4F8FC" blockId="11.[151,1436,1781,1834]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B678FFDAFF6CF9500359F8DC" bold="true" box="[151,274,1781,1803]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B678FFDAFEE3F95000EDF8DD" authority="(Fabricius, 1798)" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[280,678,1781,1803]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceriferus">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B678FFDAFEE3F95003A4F8DD" box="[280,495,1781,1803]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ceroplastes ceriferus</emphasis>
(Fabricius, 1798)
</taxonomicName>
. A, adult female in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, stigmatic spines; D, antenna; E, leg. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 50 µm; D, E = 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B678FFDDFF3CF8DF038AFECA" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8162395AB678FFDDFF3CF8DF038AFECA" blockId="11.[151,1436,1914,2011]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B678FFDAFF3CF8DF0370F845" bold="true" box="[199,315,1914,1939]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B678FFDAFEB8F8DF0078F844" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[323,563,1914,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceriferus">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B678FFDAFEB8F8DF0078F844" box="[323,563,1914,1938]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ceroplastes ceriferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closely related to C. 
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B678FFDAFCC4F8DF060AF845" authority="Green" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1935" box="[831,1089,1914,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudoceriferus">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B678FFDAFCC4F8DF01B9F844" box="[831,1010,1914,1938]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">pseudoceriferus</emphasis>
Green
</taxonomicName>
, as indicated by only a narrow genetic distance in the DNA barcode region of COI (
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB678FFDAFD02F83A01F4F861" box="[761,959,1950,1975]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref24505" refString="Deng, J., Yu, F., Zhang, T. X., Hu, H. Y., Zhu, C. D., Wu, S. A. &amp; Zhang, Y. Z. (2012) DNA barcoding of six Ceroplastes species (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) from China. Molecular Ecology Resources, 12 (5), 791 - 796. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1755 - 0998.2012.03152. x" type="journal article">
Deng 
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B678FFDAFCBBF83A013FF860" box="[832,884,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB678FFDAFC37F83A06CBF861" box="[972,1152,1950,1975]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref25960" refString="Hong, K. J., Lee, J. H., Lee, G. S. &amp; Lee, S. (2012) The status quo of invasive alien insect species and plant quarantine in Korea. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 15 (4), 521 - 532. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. aspen. 2012.06.003" type="journal article">
Lee 
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B678FFDAFC04F83A0678F860" box="[1023,1075,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
); but these species differ morphologically in the number of marginal setae. 
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B678FFDAFD29F867018FF80C" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[722,964,1986,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceriferus">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B678FFDAFD29F867018FF80C" box="[722,964,1986,2010]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ceroplastes ceriferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has fewer than 15 slender marginal setae between the anterior stigmatic clefts, and about 3 marginal setae between the anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts on each side; whereas 
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B67FFFDDFE67FF190039FF02" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1935" box="[412,626,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudoceriferus">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B67FFFDDFE67FF190039FF02" box="[412,626,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. pseudoceriferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has about 40 marginal setae between the anterior stigmatic clefts, and about 10 marginal setae between the anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts on each side (
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB67FFFDDFB4FFF7A07DCFF2E" box="[1204,1431,223,248]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref25157" refString="Gimpel, W. F., Miller, D. R. &amp; Davidson, J. A. (1974) A systematic revision of the wax scales, genus Ceroplastes, in the United States (Homoptera; Coccoidea; Coccidae). University of Maryland, Agricultural Experiment Station, Miscellaneous Publication, 841, 1 - 85." type="journal article">
Gimpel 
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B67FFFDDFAEFFF440702FF2E" box="[1300,1353,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
. 1974
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB67FFFDDFF6CFEA103FEFECA" box="[151,437,260,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref25911" refString="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Peronti, A. L. B. G. (2012) A revision of the wax scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Ceroplastinae) of the Afrotropical Region. Zootaxa, 3372, 1 - 265." type="journal article">Hodgson &amp; Peronti 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>