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<document id="F56930FAB1756F814524FB2E1BC9F131" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4088.4.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b439db78-61d0-4543-925f-dfab30f4b684" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="265605" ID-ZooBank="9E4C0067-3354-45D5-95BA-B9CF274FA590" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1457685588433" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nguyen, Lien T. P. &amp; Carpenter, James M." docDate="2016" docId="03F787A7FFBCFFF66984D3175CE7FC2F" docLanguage="en" docName="15609-5131-1-PB.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4088 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Polistes (Polistella) khasianus Cameron 1900" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="588" masterDocId="FFCEFFDFFFBFFFF36913D6035E6EFFC2" masterDocTitle="Review of the Polistes (Polistella) &quot; Stenopolistes &quot; species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) from Vietnam, with description of a new species and key to species" masterLastPageNumber="593" masterPageNumber="583" pageNumber="586" updateTime="1698178405884" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="3F326D2E01D3DD16D352D22FC22CD244">Review of the Polistes (Polistella) &quot; Stenopolistes &quot; species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) from Vietnam, with description of a new species and key to species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A1AC6E1D95A7C738F04D0CFBB2F0FF80">Nguyen, Lien T. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AFB44E03FCF61330AF62462D190A1D92">Carpenter, James M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="947E128092FD0C631193027330F0FBD9">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03F787A7FFBCFFF66984D3175CE7FC2F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6060741" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125783101" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6060741" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F787A7FFBCFFF66984D3175CE7FC2F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F787A7FFBCFFF66984D3175CE7FC2F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="588" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
<subSubSection id="C344653AFFBCFFF06984D3175CA6FAEC" box="[151,712,1300,1326]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE136B1FFBCFFF06984D3175CA6FAEC" blockId="3.[151,712,1300,1359]" box="[151,712,1300,1326]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
<heading id="D0A981DDFFBCFFF06984D3175CA6FAEC" bold="true" box="[151,712,1300,1326]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D32FFBCFFF06984D3175CA6FAEC" ID-CoL="6VSPV" authority="Cameron, 1900" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,712,1300,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khasianus" subGenus="Polistella">
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBCFFF06984D3175CA6FAEC" bold="true" box="[151,712,1300,1326]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBCFFF06984D3175E9AFAEC" bold="true" box="[151,244,1300,1326]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Polistes</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBCFFF06817D3175F1AFAEC" bold="true" box="[260,372,1300,1326]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Polistella</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBCFFF06895D3175C6CFAEC" bold="true" box="[390,514,1300,1326]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">khasianus</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3497621FFBCFFF06B1AD3175C11FAEC" box="[521,639,1300,1326]" name="Cameroon" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Cameron</collectingCountry>
, 1900
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C344653AFFBCFFF06984D3355F77FA8D" box="[151,281,1334,1359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE136B1FFBCFFF06984D3355F77FA8D" blockId="3.[151,712,1300,1359]" box="[151,281,1334,1359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
(
<figureCitation id="13652A34FFBCFFF0698CD3355F7EFA8D" box="[159,272,1334,1359]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,263,1933,1954]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[207,1372,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 13. Polistes khasianus. 7. Head, frontal view. 8. Habitus. 9. Head, frontal view. 10 – 12. Genitalia. Scale 1 mm. 10. Inner aspect of paramere with digitus and volsella. 11, 12. Aedeagus (11. Ventral and 12. Lateral view). 13. Nest. 7, 8. ♀. 9 – 12. ♂." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265607/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Figs 7–13</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C344653AFFBCFFF06984D37D5F71FA71" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE136B1FFBCFFF06984D37D5F71FA71" blockId="3.[151,1436,1406,1459]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D32FFBCFFF06984D37D5C55FA56" ID-CoL="6VSPV" authority="Cameron, 1900: 413" authorityName="Cameron" authorityPageNumber="413" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,571,1406,1428]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khasianus">
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBCFFF06984D37D5F38FA56" box="[151,342,1406,1428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Polistes khasianus</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3497621FFBCFFF06872D37D5FAEFA56" box="[353,448,1406,1428]" name="Cameroon" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Cameron</collectingCountry>
, 1900: 413
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBCFFF06B59D37D5C33FA57" bold="true" box="[586,605,1406,1429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">♀</emphasis>
—[
<collectingCountry id="F3497621FFBCFFF06B6CD37D5CD9FA56" box="[639,695,1406,1428]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">India</collectingCountry>
: Meghalaya] “Khasia Hills” [
<typeStatus id="54E58813FFBCFFF06AE3D37D5A25FA56" box="[1008,1099,1406,1428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in Oxford University Museum, Oxford].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C344653AFFBCFFF06984D3DC5C33F937" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE136B1FFBCFFF06984D3DC5C33F937" blockId="3.[151,1437,1503,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D32FFBCFFF06984D3DC5F08FA35" box="[151,358,1503,1527]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khasianus">
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBCFFF06984D3DC5F08FA35" box="[151,358,1503,1527]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Polistes khasianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recorded from middle and northwestern parts of
<collectingCountry id="F3497621FFBCFFF06AAAD3DC5A76FA3A" box="[953,1048,1503,1528]" name="Vietnam" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
(Nguyen &amp; Kojima 2013; Nguyen &amp; Pham 2011), but careful examination of the description of
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D32FFBCFFF06A55D0075DBCF9DE" box="[838,978,1540,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khasianus">
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBCFFF06A55D0075DBCF9DE" box="[838,978,1540,1564]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">P. khasianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Das &amp; Gupta (1989) and comparison with the description of
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D32FFBCFFF068BAD02B5C4CF9FD" box="[425,546,1575,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBCFFF068BAD02B5C4CF9FD" box="[425,546,1575,1599]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">P. pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Gusenleitner (2011) showed that it is not
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D32FFBCFFF06D2FD02B5AA2F9FD" box="[1084,1228,1575,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khasianus">
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBCFFF06D2FD02B5AA2F9FD" box="[1084,1228,1575,1599]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">P. khasianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D32FFBCFFF06C17D02B5B10F9FD" box="[1284,1406,1575,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBCFFF06C17D02B5B10F9FD" box="[1284,1406,1575,1599]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">P. pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species close to
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D32FFBCFFF0684ED04F5F81F9A6" box="[349,495,1612,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khasianus">
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBCFFF0684ED04F5F81F9A6" box="[349,495,1612,1636]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">P. khasianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the metasomal tergum 1 sharply angled basally and fore wing without a subapical fuscous cloud. In this study, two specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D32FFBCFFF06A39D0735DD6F945" box="[810,952,1647,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khasianus">
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBCFFF06A39D0735DD6F945" box="[810,952,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">P. khasianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected in the northeastern part of
<collectingCountry id="F3497621FFBCFFF06984D0975E98F96F" box="[151,246,1684,1709]" name="Vietnam" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
together with nests as detailed below. The species has the clypeus dark brown (Das &amp; Gupta 1989) but the specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F3497621FFBCFFF06841D0B45FDFF912" box="[338,433,1719,1744]" name="Vietnam" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
have the clypeus yellow. The color pattern of Vietnamese specimens otherwise fits with that described by Das and Gupta (1989).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C344653AFFBCFFF669D4D0FC5D99FF3A" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="588" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE136B1FFBCFFF069D4D0FC5FBBF89D" blockId="3.[151,1437,1503,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBCFFF069D4D0FC5FC5F8DA" bold="true" box="[199,427,1791,1816]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F3497621FFBCFFF068A8D1035C51F8DA" box="[443,575,1792,1816]" name="Vietnam" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
: Lao Cai: Hoang Lien NP, Sa Pa,
<specimenCount id="9D58FD38FFBCFFF06AD9D1035D98F8DA" box="[970,1014,1791,1816]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="generic">
1
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBCFFF06AF2D0FC5D98F8DA" bold="true" box="[993,1014,1791,1816]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">♂</emphasis>
</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CA69B54FFBCFFF06D14D1035A0EF8D5" box="[1031,1120,1792,1816]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.83" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" unit="m" value="1830.0">1830 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFE01071FFBCFFF06D7DD0FC5A89F8DA" box="[1134,1255,1791,1816]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" value="2013-09-28">28.ix.2013</date>
, TV Tran; 1
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBCFFF06C93D0FC5BFBF8DA" bold="true" box="[1408,1429,1791,1816]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">♀</emphasis>
, Tram Ton,
<quantity id="4CA69B54FFBCFFF06800D1275F05F8FE" box="[275,363,1828,1852]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</quantity>
, Nest#VN-HL-2015-P-01,
<date id="FFE01071FFBCFFF06B8ED1275D60F8FE" box="[669,782,1828,1852]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" value="2015-05-14">14.v.2015</date>
, TV Hoang; 1
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBCFFF06AA6D1275DA4F8FF" bold="true" box="[949,970,1828,1853]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">♀</emphasis>
, Tram Ton,
<quantity id="4CA69B54FFBCFFF06D46D1275AC3F8FE" box="[1109,1197,1828,1852]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</quantity>
, Nest#VN-HL-2015- P-02,
<date id="FFE01071FFBCFFF069C9D14B5F24F8A2" box="[218,330,1864,1888]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" value="2015-05-16">16.v.2015</date>
, TV Hoang.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE136B1FFBCFFF669D4D16F5D99FF3A" blockId="3.[151,1437,1503,2033]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,1005]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="588" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBCFFF069D4D16F5F00F846" box="[199,366,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Male genitalia</emphasis>
. Generally similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D32FFBCFFF06BACD16F5A02F847" authority="Nguyen et al., 2011" authorityName="Nguyen et al." authorityYear="2011" box="[703,1132,1900,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clandestinus">
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBCFFF06BACD16F5D06F846" box="[703,872,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">P. clandestinus</emphasis>
(Nguyen
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBCFFF06ACED16F5A76F846" box="[989,1048,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011)
</taxonomicName>
. Digitus in inner aspect of paramere (
<figureCitation id="13652A34FFBCFFF0681CD18C5F31F86A" box="[271,351,1935,1960]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,263,1933,1954]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[207,1372,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 13. Polistes khasianus. 7. Head, frontal view. 8. Habitus. 9. Head, frontal view. 10 – 12. Genitalia. Scale 1 mm. 10. Inner aspect of paramere with digitus and volsella. 11, 12. Aedeagus (11. Ventral and 12. Lateral view). 13. Nest. 7, 8. ♀. 9 – 12. ♂." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265607/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) 3 × as long as wide (measured at widest part), distinctly swollen near base, gradually narrowed apically to mid-length, then slightly swollen towards the rounded apex. Aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="13652A34FFBCFFF06D26D1B75ADAF80F" box="[1077,1204,1972,1997]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,263,1933,1954]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[207,1372,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 13. Polistes khasianus. 7. Head, frontal view. 8. Habitus. 9. Head, frontal view. 10 – 12. Genitalia. Scale 1 mm. 10. Inner aspect of paramere with digitus and volsella. 11, 12. Aedeagus (11. Ventral and 12. Lateral view). 13. Nest. 7, 8. ♀. 9 – 12. ♂." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265607/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Figs 11, 12</figureCitation>
), penial valves 1.3 × longer than basal apodeme, in ventral view narrowest near mid-length, nearly straight from mid-length then strongly swollen and distinctly produced laterally near proximal margins, in lateral view slightly thickened in proximal one fourth and with dorsal margin strongly sinuate, with proximoventral corner produced into acute angle (
<figureCitation id="13652A34FFBAFFF6698CD6DC5E9CFF3A" box="[159,242,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,263,1933,1954]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[207,1372,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 13. Polistes khasianus. 7. Head, frontal view. 8. Habitus. 9. Head, frontal view. 10 – 12. Genitalia. Scale 1 mm. 10. Inner aspect of paramere with digitus and volsella. 11, 12. Aedeagus (11. Ventral and 12. Lateral view). 13. Nest. 7, 8. ♀. 9 – 12. ♂." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265607/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
); ventral margins of penial valves finely serrated along entire length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF216639FFBBFFF76984D18E5EDEF822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265607/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" targetBox="[207,1370,193,1887]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BE136B1FFBBFFF76984D18E5EDEF822" blockId="4.[151,1436,1933,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBBFFF76984D18E5F28F860" bold="true" box="[151,326,1933,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">FIGURES 7–13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D32FFBBFFF7685FD18E5C69F861" box="[332,519,1933,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khasianus">
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBBFFF7685FD18E5C69F861" box="[332,519,1933,1955]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Polistes khasianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 7. Head, frontal view. 8. Habitus. 9. Head, frontal view. 10
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBBFFF76D70D18D5A1EF861" bold="true" box="[1123,1136,1934,1955]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">–</emphasis>
12. Genitalia. Scale 1mm. 10. Inner aspect of paramere with digitus and volsella. 11, 12. Aedeagus (11. Ventral and 12. Lateral view). 13. Nest. 7, 8.
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBBFFF76C59D1A85B33F800" bold="true" box="[1354,1373,1963,1986]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">♀</emphasis>
.9
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBBFFF76C63D1AF5B12F803" bold="true" box="[1392,1404,1964,1985]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">–</emphasis>
12.
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBBFFF76984D1CA5EC4F822" bold="true" box="[151,170,1993,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">♂</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C344653AFFBAFFF669D4D7065B0DFC42" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE136B1FFBAFFF669D4D7065D88FEDF" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1005]" box="[199,998,260,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBAFFF669D4D7065E92FEDE" bold="true" box="[199,252,261,284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Nest</emphasis>
. The nest of
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D32FFBAFFF6689DD7075C30FEDE" box="[398,606,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khasianus">
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBAFFF6689DD7075C30FEDE" box="[398,606,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Polistes khasianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is described here for the first time.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE136B1FFBAFFF669D4D7245B0DFC42" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">
The two early stage nests, Nest#VN-HL-2015-P-01 (
<figureCitation id="13652A34FFBAFFF66A27D7245DE6FE82" box="[820,904,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,263,1933,1954]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[207,1372,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 13. Polistes khasianus. 7. Head, frontal view. 8. Habitus. 9. Head, frontal view. 10 – 12. Genitalia. Scale 1 mm. 10. Inner aspect of paramere with digitus and volsella. 11, 12. Aedeagus (11. Ventral and 12. Lateral view). 13. Nest. 7, 8. ♀. 9 – 12. ♂." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265607/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) and Nest#VN-HL-2015-P-02 were collected together with only 1
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBAFFF66893D74F5FFBFEA7" bold="true" box="[384,405,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">♀</emphasis>
on each nest. The two nests were attached to two long and not very broad leaves, at
<quantity id="4CA69B54FFBAFFF66C7CD74F5BF2FEA6" box="[1391,1436,332,356]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
above the ground. Nest Nest#VN-HL-2015-P-01 has 31 cells, with
<specimenCount id="9D58FD38FFBAFFF66AAAD7735A7AFE45" box="[953,1044,368,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" type="egg">25 eggs</specimenCount>
and was without pupa; and nest Nest#VN-HL-2015-P-02 has 42 cells, with
<specimenCount id="9D58FD38FFBAFFF66BBED7975D61FE6E" box="[685,783,404,428]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" type="egg">33 eggs</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D58FD38FFBAFFF66A37D7975DE9FE6F" box="[804,903,404,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
and was without pupa. The structural and morphological characters are as follows: comb tough, pliable “paper”-like in texture, more or less uniformly gray in the cell walls, subcircular (
<quantity id="4CA69B54FFBAFFF668EED7DF5C3CFE36" box="[509,594,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
<date id="FFE01071FFBAFFF66B4DD7DE5CFBFE36" box="[606,661,476,500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" value="1918-10">
x
<quantity id="4CA69B54FFBAFFF66B6AD7DF5CFBFE36" box="[633,661,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" unit="mm" value="18.0">18</quantity>
</date>
mm for Nest Nest#VN-HL-2015-P-01 and
<quantity id="4CA69B54FFBAFFF66DB3D7DF5A9AFE36" box="[1184,1268,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
<date id="FFE01071FFBAFFF66C13D7DE5B59FE36" box="[1280,1335,476,500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" value="1919-10">
x
<quantity id="4CA69B54FFBAFFF66C08D7DF5B59FE36" box="[1307,1335,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" unit="mm" value="19.0">19</quantity>
</date>
mm for Nest#VN-HL-2015-P-02) in view from the side of the cell opening, expanded concentrically from the single petiole, with surface corresponding to the cell bottom slightly concave. The nests have petiole single, terminal, attached to the border between bottoms of the first three cells,
<quantity id="4CA69B54FFBAFFF66A78D44B5DADFD9D" box="[875,963,584,608]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
long and 0.9 x 1.0 mm thick at the midlength in the nest Nest#VN-HL-2015-P-01, and
<quantity id="4CA69B54FFBAFFF66BABD46F5D61FD46" box="[696,783,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" unit="mm" value="4.4">4.4 mm</quantity>
long and 0.8 x
<quantity id="4CA69B54FFBAFFF66AD2D46F5A79FD46" box="[961,1047,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
thick at the mid-length in the nest Nest#VN-HL-2015-P-02, with thin central core of plant fibers, enlarged strictly with adult oral secretion, dark brown and lustrous, secretion coat expanded on comb back around the petiole and on substrate in
<quantity id="4CA69B54FFBAFFF66DEAD4B75B55FD0E" box="[1273,1339,692,716]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
<date id="FFE01071FFBAFFF66C57D4B65B06FD0E" box="[1348,1384,692,716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">
x
<quantity id="4CA69B54FFBAFFF66C49D4B75B06FD0E" box="[1370,1384,692,716]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" unit="mm" value="3.0">3</quantity>
</date>
mm thin film. Cells are generally arranged in regular rows, pentagonal at open end; for the nest Nest#VN-HL-2015-P-
<geoCoordinate id="EE6A5076FFBAFFF66984D4FF5EDDFCD6" box="[151,179,764,788]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">0 1</geoCoordinate>
each cell expanded towards open end, the largest cell was 5.0 mm, the other cells were
<quantity id="4CA69B54FFBAFFF66D88D4FF5A9FFCD6" box="[1179,1265,764,788]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
(range
<quantity id="4CA69B54FFBAFFF66C5BD4FF5EA8FCF5" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.5">3.5–4.5 mm</quantity>
; n=10) wide at open end,
<quantity id="4CA69B54FFBAFFF668F9D5235C2FFCF5" box="[490,577,800,824]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
(range
<quantity id="4CA69B54FFBAFFF66B84D5235D4FFCF5" box="[663,801,800,824]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" unit="mm" value="2.15" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="1.7">1.7–2.6 mm</quantity>
; n=10) wide at bottom and
<quantity id="4CA69B54FFBAFFF66D44D5235AD2FCF5" box="[1111,1212,800,824]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" unit="mm" value="13.8">13.8 mm</quantity>
in largest cells, cell wall
<quantity id="4CA69B54FFBAFFF669DED5475F5FFC9E" box="[205,305,836,860]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" unit="mm" value="0.06">0.06 mm</quantity>
thick; for the nest Nest#VN-HL-2015-P-02 each cell expanded towards open end
<quantity id="4CA69B54FFBAFFF66DD1D5475B79FC9E" box="[1218,1303,836,860]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" unit="mm" value="3.7">3.7 mm</quantity>
(range
<quantity id="4CA69B54FFBAFFF66C78D5475E9EFCBD" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8499999999999996" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" unit="mm" value="3.8499999999999996" valueMax="4.3" valueMin="3.4">3.4– 4.3 mm</quantity>
; n=10) wide at open end,
<quantity id="4CA69B54FFBAFFF66B01D56B5C06FCBD" box="[530,616,872,896]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
(range 2.5–3.0 mm; n=10) wide at bottom, cell wall
<quantity id="4CA69B54FFBAFFF66DAAD56B5B73FCBD" box="[1209,1309,872,896]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" unit="mm" value="0.07">0.07 mm</quantity>
thick.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C344653AFFBAFFF669D4D58F5CE7FC2F" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE136B1FFBAFFF669D4D58F5CE7FC2F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBAFFF669D4D58F5F37FC67" bold="true" box="[199,345,908,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Distribution</emphasis>
. This species was recorded from northern
<collectingCountry id="F3497621FFBAFFF66A7ED58F5DC9FC67" box="[877,935,908,933]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">India</collectingCountry>
(Haryana, Meghalaya, West Bengal) and northeastern
<collectingCountry id="F3497621FFBAFFF6683FD5AC5FE5FC0A" box="[300,395,943,968]" name="Vietnam" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
(this study). Like
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D32FFBAFFF66B79D5B35C97FC05" box="[618,761,943,967]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delhiensis">
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBAFFF66B79D5B35C97FC05" box="[618,761,943,967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">P. delhiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D32FFBAFFF66A2BD5B35DA3FC05" box="[824,973,944,967]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritarsis">
<emphasis id="B92AEAA3FFBAFFF66A2BD5B35DA3FC05" box="[824,973,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">P. nigritarsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the species has a disjunct distribution, probably due to lack of intensive field work.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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