treatments-xml/data/6F/E7/CA/6FE7CA0F5FA9060FDC962563B5130244.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1603" ID-GBIF-Dataset="39b0b0ed-751d-443a-83aa-c138b2ce5657" ID-PMC="PMC3174440" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-4-139" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFF0FFA3FFA08E26FF9E1543FFB8FF82" ID-PubMed="22171186" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576071" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1314-2003-4-139" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 4" ModsDocTitle="Two new Marquesan species of the southeastern Polynesian genus Oparanthus (Asteraceae, Coreopsidinae)" checkinTime="1451252109783" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wagner, Warren L. &amp; Lorence, David H." docDate="2011" docId="6FE7CA0F5FA9060FDC962563B5130244" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 4: 139-148" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1603" docTitle="Oparanthus tiva W. L. Wagner &amp; Lorence 2011, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="FFF0FFA3FFA08E26FF9E1543FFB8FF82" lastPageNumber="142" masterDocId="FFF0FFA3FFA08E26FF9E1543FFB8FF82" masterDocTitle="Two new Marquesan species of the southeastern Polynesian genus Oparanthus (Asteraceae, Coreopsidinae)" masterLastPageNumber="148" masterPageNumber="139" pageNumber="141" updateTime="1668141219845" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Two new Marquesan species of the southeastern Polynesian genus Oparanthus (Asteraceae, Coreopsidinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wagner, Warren L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lorence, David H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>139</mods:start>
<mods:end>148</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1603</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1603</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-4-139</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFF0FFA3FFA08E26FF9E1543FFB8FF82</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576071</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152025416" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6FE7CA0F5FA9060FDC962563B5130244" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6FE7CA0F5FA9060FDC962563B5130244" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
<taxonomicName LSID="6FE7CA0F-5FA9-060F-DC96-2563B5130244" authority="W. L. Wagner &amp; Lorence" authorityName="W. L. Wagner &amp; Lorence" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Oparanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Oparanthus tiva" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiva" status="sp. nov.">Oparanthus tiva W. L. Wagner &amp; Lorence</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="141">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Oparanthus tiva W. L. Wagner &amp; Lorence. A-C drawn from Perlman et. al 15997, US A flowering branch B abaxial leaf surface showing domatia with associated tuft of hairs in axils of primary veins C head; D-L drawn from spirit-preserved material of type collection, Perlman et. al. 16008, PTBG; D receptacular bract of ray floret E ray corolla and functional style F-G ray achene H receptacular bract of disk floret I disk corolla with non-functional style and fertile stamens J longitudinal view of disk corolla with non-functional style and fertile stamens K fertile stamen from disk floret L sterile disk achene." pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Field images of Oparanthus. A Oparanthus hivaoanus, (Hiva Oa, Price et al 201, photo D. Lorence) B Oparanthus teikiteetinii (Nuku Hiva, Lorence 6078, photo D. Lorence) C Oparanthus tiva (Tahuata, Wood 6523, photo K. Wood) D Oparanthus woodii (Nuku Hiva, Wood 6338, photo K. Wood)." pageId="2" pageNumber="141">3C</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="latin">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Latin.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
Ab O. hivoano foliis tenue coriaceis, 10-19.3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6-15.8 cm, testibus 9-14 mm diametro, 10-20 mm altis, paleis flosculorum radiorum 10-11 mm longis, paleis flosculorum discorum 12-13 mm longis, 12-13 achenis sterili disci differt.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Marquesas Islands:</emphasis>
Tahuata, ridge E of trail ridge up to Amatea from Kuaee, E facing slope, 2560 ft (780 m), 18 July 1997, S. P. Perlman, K. R. Wood, and J. P. Luce 16008 (Holotype: PTBG-025572!; isotypes: BISH!, P!, PAP!, US!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Trees</emphasis>
3-7 m tall, subglabrous, functionally monoecious, the main trunk to 30 cm in diameter, often with multiple prop roots, bark brown, wood cream colored, the young stems with short internodes. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Leaves</emphasis>
thinly coriaceous, the blade ovate to very broadly ovate, 10-19.3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6-15.8 cm, the young ones often viscous and with a turpentine-like scent, secondary veins 6-18 mm apart, abaxial axils with domatia with small tufts of hairs, margins weakly dentate to subentire, apex bluntly acuminate to obtuse, base obtuse to occasionally truncate, often oblique; petioles 3-9 cm long. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Inflorescences</emphasis>
terminal, heads in clusters of 3, 9-14 mm in diameter, 10-20 mm high; peduncles 15-76 mm long; involucre campanulate, the bracts 7-9, in 2 series, 7-11 mm long, the external ones wider and thicker; receptacular bracts of ray florets 10-11 mm long, those of disk florets 12-13 mm long; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">ray florets</emphasis>
8-10 in 1-3 series, white, corolla tube and throat 3-4 mm long, limb 3-3.8 mm long, shallowly toothed; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">disk florets</emphasis>
18-20, white, corolla tube and throat 3.5-4 mm long, the lobes 3 mm long. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Ray achenes</emphasis>
8-9 mm long, narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, winged on both margins, the wings up to 1 mm wide, the wing margin smooth, extending beyond the achene apex; the disk achenes sterile, linear, 12-13 mm long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
We are pleased to name this new species in recognition of its first collector, Steven P. Perlman, known in the Marquesas by his nickname 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Tiva”">&quot;Tiva&quot;</normalizedToken>
, in recognition of his contributions to our knowledge of the flora of the Pacific region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Endemic to the Marquesas Islands and restricted to the vicinity of the type locality on Tahuata.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
Scattered to locally common in the low wet forest, dominated by species of 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Geometridae" genus="Alsophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Alsophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Crossostylis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Crossostylis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Freycinetia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pandanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Freycinetia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Hibiscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Metrosideros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Reynoldsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Reynoldsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cunoniaceae" genus="Weinmannia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Weinmannia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with an understory rich in plants such as 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Cyrtandra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Cyrtandra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Filicopsida" family="Gleicheniaceae" genus="Dicranopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gleicheniales" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Dicranopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Gahnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Cyperales" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Gahnia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Macropiper" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Piperales" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Macropiper</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Eusporangiopsida" family="Marattiaceae" genus="Marattia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Marattiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Marattia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Morinda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Morinda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Psychotria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Psychotria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from 790 to 900 m elevation, usually on windswept slopes and gulches of summit areas. Known to flower and fruit in July.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
Following the criteria and categories of 
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN," journalOrPublisher="Columbia University Press, New York" pageId="5" pageNumber="144" refId="B3" refString="IUCN, , 2001. IUCN Red List categories (version 3.1). IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland." title="IUCN Red List categories (version 3.1). IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland." year="2001">IUCN (2001)</bibRefCitation>
it is assigned a preliminary status of 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Critically Endangered</emphasis>
(CR): B2a, B2b (i-iii); D: B2: total area of occupancy less than 10 km2 (ca. 5 km2). B2a, a single population known; b (
<normalizedToken originalValue="i–iii">i-iii</normalizedToken>
), habitat continuing decline inferred; D, population estimated to number fewer than 250 individuals. The suitable habitat for 
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. L. Wagner &amp; Lorence" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Oparanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiva">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Oparanthus tiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on Tahuata (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">c.</emphasis>
61 km2) is indicated as an endangered environment, threatened feral animals and invasive plants, reducing the extent of the forest. The known habitat is not pristine and non-native plants such as 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ageratum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Campanulales" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="conyzoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Ageratum conyzoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">, Elephantopus mollis</emphasis>
Kunth
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">, Melinis repens</emphasis>
(Willd.) Zizka, 
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Poaceae" genus="Paspalum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Graminales" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="conjugatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Paspalum conjugatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
P. J. Bergius
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">, Paspalum paniculatum</emphasis>
L.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">, Psidium guajava</emphasis>
L., 
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Spathoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Microspermae" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="plicata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Spathoglottis plicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Blume, and 
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Zingiber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Scitamineae" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="zerumbet">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Zingiber zerumbet</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Sm. were observed in the area.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="specimen examined">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Specimen examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Marquesas Islands:</emphasis>
Tahuata: ridge from Amatea to Moteve passing Meikaea, view down is on village of Hanatetena, on E facing slope, Perlman et al. 15977 (BISH, P, PAP, PTBG, US); off trail from Amatea to Moteve, above Haaoipu Bay, to NE of Hanatetena, top of ridge crest, W facing slope, Perlman et al. 15998 (PTBG); Haaoiputeomo summit region, upper drainage to N of satellite dish, [09 56'S, 139 04'W], Wood 6523 (BISH, MO, NY, P, PAP, PTBG [2], US); Amate 
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="142" start="start">a</pageBreakToken>
region, locations around Haaoiputeomo satelite dish (parabowl), Wood 10263(PAP, PTBG, US), Wood 10265(PAP, PTBG, US).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="142" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="142">
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. L. Wagner &amp; Lorence" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Oparanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiva">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Oparanthus tiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has domatia (with an associated tuft of hairs) on the abaxial surface of the leaves. Domatia are essentially absent in the family, so domatia in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. L. Wagner &amp; Lorence" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Oparanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiva">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Oparanthus tiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be investigated further to understand the ecological significance. When domatia were discovered in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. L. Wagner &amp; Lorence" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Oparanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiva">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Oparanthus tiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we reexamined the other species of the genus and those of the closely related genus 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Fitchia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Fitchia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We found them only in the closest relative, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. K. Shannon &amp; W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="1997" baseAuthorityName="O. Deg. &amp; Sherff" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Oparanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hivoanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Oparanthus hivoanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and in the Nuku Hiva species, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. L. Wagner &amp; Lorence" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Oparanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="woodii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Oparanthus woodii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but in these without the associated tuft of hairs covering the pit. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. L. Wagner &amp; Lorence" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Oparanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiva">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Oparanthus tiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a relatively rare species with an estimated 100 individuals known. It is distinguished from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. K. Shannon &amp; W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="1997" baseAuthorityName="O. Deg. &amp; Sherff" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Oparanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hivoanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Oparanthus hivoanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the tree habit, leaves thinly coriaceous, 10-19.3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6-15.8 cm, larger heads 9-14 mm in diameter, 10-20 mm high, receptacular bracts of ray florets 10-11 mm long, those of disk florets 12-13 mm long, and the sterile disk achenes 12-13.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="142" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="142">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. L. Wagner &amp; Lorence" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Oparanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiva">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Oparanthus tiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
W. L. Wagner &amp; Lorence. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
drawn from Perlman et. al 15997, US 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">A</emphasis>
flowering branch 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">B</emphasis>
abaxial leaf surface showing domatia with associated tuft of hairs in axils of primary veins 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">C</emphasis>
head; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–L">D-L</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
drawn from spirit-preserved material of type collection, Perlman et. al. 16008, PTBG; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">D</emphasis>
receptacular bract of ray floret 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">E</emphasis>
ray corolla and functional style 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">
<normalizedToken originalValue="F–G">F-G</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
ray achene 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">H</emphasis>
receptacular bract of disk floret 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">I</emphasis>
disk corolla with non-functional style and fertile stamens 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">J</emphasis>
longitudinal view of disk corolla with non-functional style and fertile stamens 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">K</emphasis>
fertile stamen from disk floret 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">L</emphasis>
sterile disk achene.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>