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441 lines
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<document id="47E82AC51DD1BDD7F042AC83B5446922" ID-CLB-Dataset="22101" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2017.323" ID-GBIF-Dataset="703b2190-3e07-40c9-a217-e8f75cd0cc40" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3829337" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589562560945" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Schiaparelli, Stefano, Bieler, Rüdiger, Golding, Rosemary E., Rawlings, Timothy A. & Collins, Timothy M." docDate="2017" docId="D63387F7FF90FFDFC56DE6BAE761F81E" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2017-323.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 323" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Novastoa rapaitiensis Schiaparelli & Bieler & Golding & Rawlings & Collins 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="CDFD584C-298A-4360-ADAE-09F8220E49B0" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="2A0AFF8FFF92FFD9C70AE009E477FFA6" masterDocTitle="A new species of Novastoa Finlay, 1926 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Vermetidae) from coral reefs of the Pacific Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="11" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698839875096" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="6AFC99647CA3B27882B74D3BBFA8ACCA">A new species of Novastoa Finlay, 1926 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Vermetidae) from coral reefs of the Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F9A3699B83881E57E2BEFD53A95F69D7">Schiaparelli, Stefano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CC2F50025148A5E1DCD1FBDAEFD364B6">Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell’Ambiente e della Vita (DISTAV), Università di Genova, C. so Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy and Museo Nazionale Dell’Antartide (MNA), Viale Benedetto XV N ° 5, 16132 Genova, Italy. & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: D 5 CF 0 ED 9 - 9 A 7 C- 45 D 4 - B 4 E 1 - 895 D 56 CA 160 A & Corresponding author: Stefano. schiaparelli @ unige. it</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="45FE8CE93D6681816ABA25203B0E3994" type="email">tefano.schiaparelli@unige.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="C3E7537F9870496BC69005818D0C0621">Bieler, Rüdiger</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EEE811DE132944F5FB6640B44CFAE808">Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, USA & Email: rbieler @ fieldmuseum. org & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 1 D 69 ADE 5 - 5 ABF- 43 C 7 - A 766 - DD 65 FA 7629 CB</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="628A7C4BE06BE2985CB240898432A976" type="email">rbieler@fieldmuseum.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="3DD4929B9D9981EEB5B7C24C1B4F1BFF">Golding, Rosemary E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="562ABA0821B56CD62238FA8DF2FBE1CD">Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, USA & University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. & Email: rosemary. e. golding @ gmail. com & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: B 81291 AA- 13 E 1 - 43 E 9 - 920 B- 6 FD 613 D 8 AAEA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="AF097AC548DA7711DD86AF0C5C294206" type="email">e.golding@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="4193015F23997F7D016C2A9AC344E057">Rawlings, Timothy A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8DB39E4ED6713D57D1CB45E6CEEBD2F1">Department of Biology, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia B 1 P 6 L 2, Canada. & Email: Timothy _ Rawlings @ cbu. ca & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 5 EFCC 25 B-EDA 1 - 46 DB- 8347 - 28 A 4 D 8763880</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A1E5B2D29C1E55F066916627365CCD41" type="email">awlings@cbu.ca</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="043C5C3C97BCFA115DF45FAC9A667670">Collins, Timothy M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F4DC56A6823B17DB469EB36D16CA1B67">Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 St., Miami, Florida 33199, USA & Email: CollinsT @ fiu. edu & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 266 E 26 AA- 9350 - 41 C 4 - BEE 8 - 36 E 7 E 7 CA 4 DA 4</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="89AA1B17C7CA62EAFA47B1E84BF151EA">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A318AF6727B203773B19CD1FABB0944A">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F1410F6F4DA7690A6FD2AFACB215D617">2017-05-29</mods:number>
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<treatment id="D63387F7FF90FFDFC56DE6BAE761F81E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3847978" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164160017" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3847978" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CDFD584C-298A-4360-ADAE-09F8220E49B0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D63387F7FF90FFDFC56DE6BAE761F81E" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="1680656AFF90FFDBC56DE6BAE7BAF968" box="[615,973,1715,1742]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5E2536E1FF90FFDBC56DE6BAE7BAF968" blockId="2.[361,1226,1715,1812]" box="[615,973,1715,1742]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="056D818DFF90FFDBC56DE6BAE7BAF968" box="[615,973,1715,1742]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="999A4D62FF90FFDBC56DE6BAE71CF96B" ID-CoL="48247" authority="Schiaparelli & Bieler & Golding & Rawlings & Collins, 2017" authorityName="Schiaparelli & Bieler & Golding & Rawlings & Collins" authorityYear="2017" box="[615,875,1715,1741]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vermetidae" genus="Novastoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rapaitiensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF90FFDBC56DE6BAE71CF96B" bold="true" box="[615,875,1715,1741]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Novastoa rapaitiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="77DD5788FF90FFDBC478E6BDE7BAF968" box="[882,973,1716,1742]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5E2536E1FF90FFDBC5EDE6F0E73AF8B2" blockId="2.[361,1226,1715,1812]" box="[743,845,1785,1812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<figureCitation id="C6A12A64FF90FFDBC5EDE6F0E73AF8B2" box="[743,845,1785,1812]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="4.[189,232,1647,1673]" captionStartId-1="5.[189,232,1694,1720]" captionStartId-2="7.[189,232,1830,1856]" captionTargetBox-0="[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,265,1661]" captionTargetBox-2="[190,1407,650,1791]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[189,1398,265,1661]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[179,1410,641,1803]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Novastoa rapaitiensissp. nov.A. Living specimens embedded in coralsubstrate with only apertures and heavily encrusted opercula visible (UF 400847, Moorea Island, French Polynesia, photographs by G. Paulay). B–C. Preserved specimen fractured in plane perpendicular to surface, showing both halves of broken shell and animal embedded in coral (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia). D–E. Living specimen from Rapa Iti (MNHN IM-2000-31685) just after extraction from the shell. F. Living specimen embedded in coral that has been fractured in plane perpendicular to surface (UF 400849). – G–L. Lateral views of opercula. G. Operculum from Rapa Iti as photographed in the field just after dissection (not from the type series). H. Operculum from the Moorea Island population, French Polynesia (UF 436684). I. Operculum from the Rapa Iti Island population, French Polynesia (MNHN IM-2000-31684). L. Operculum from the Yonge Reef population, Australia (AM C.464342). – M. Egg capsule after removal from interior shell wall (more developed embryos shown in Fig. 2A–D)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Novastoa rapaitiensis sp. nov. A–D. Pre-hatching larval shells from egg mass of Fig. 1M. E–F. Operculum of specimen from Rapa Iti (not from the type series). G. SEM image of lateral view of operculum, with lamina stripped away to expose underlying structure (MNHN IM-2000-31684, Rapa Iti Island, French Polynesia). H. SEM image of exterior surface of operculum (MNHN IM-2000-31684, Rapa Iti Island, French Polynesia). I. Radula of specimen from Rapa Iti. L. Central section of radula (MNHN IM-2000-31684, Rapa Iti Island, French Polynesia). M. SEM image of teleoconch sculpture after removal of surrounding substrate (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia)." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Anatomy of Novastoa rapaitiensis sp. nov. A–B. Male specimen (holotype, MNHN IM-2000- 27249, Rapa Iti Island, French Polynesia). A. Right view. B. Dorsal view of anterior body. – C. Female specimen, right view (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia). – D–E. Female specimen (AM C.464342, Yonge Reef, Australia). D. Dorsal view of anterior body. E. Mantle cavity. – F. Leaflet from mid-section of gill (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3829339" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3829341" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3829343" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3829339/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3829341/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3829343/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1680656AFF90FFDBC7B7E74AE5A4F827" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="5E2536E1FF90FFDBC7B7E74AE5A4F827" blockId="2.[189,1398,1858,1921]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="7E8A11CFFF90FFDBC7B7E74AE5A4F827" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="999A4D62FF90FFDBC7B7E74AE55BF8FA" ID-CoL="7P9ZR" authorityName="Finlay" authorityYear="1926" box="[189,300,1859,1884]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vermetidae" genus="Novastoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF90FFDBC7B7E74AE55BF8FA" box="[189,300,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Novastoa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. –
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<treatmentCitation id="DF3B10F0FF90FFDBC678E74BE60BF8FB" author="Golding R. E. & Bieler R. & Rawlings T. & Collins T. M." box="[370,636,1858,1885]" page="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="2014">
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<bibRefCitation id="3A0B4B10FF90FFDBC678E74BE60BF8FB" author="Golding R. E. & Bieler R. & Rawlings T. & Collins T. M." box="[370,636,1858,1885]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 97" refId="ref4997" refString="Golding R. E., Bieler R., Rawlings T. & Collins T. M. 2014. Deconstructing Dendropoma: a systematic revision of a world-wide snail group, with descriptions of new genera (Caenogastropoda: Vermetidae). Malacologia 57: 1 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.4002 / 040.057.0103" type="journal article" year="2014">
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Golding
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<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF90FFDBC6D3E74AE663F8FA" box="[473,532,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2014: 8
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(table 1), 14, fig. 6 (phylogram), 82, 90, fig. 353 (cross-sectional diagram of operculum).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1680656AFF91FFDAC7B7E102E5A8FE3C" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="5E2536E1FF91FFDAC7B7E102E533FE83" blockId="3.[189,324,267,293]" box="[189,324,267,293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<heading id="056D818DFF91FFDAC7B7E102E533FE83" bold="true" box="[189,324,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF91FFDAC7B7E102E533FE83" bold="true" box="[189,324,267,293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Etymology</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5E2536E1FF91FFDAC7B7E130E5A8FE3C" blockId="3.[189,1399,313,410]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
This species takes the name of its
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="81218843FF91FFDAC54EE133E600FEF2" box="[580,631,314,340]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
locality, Rapa Iti Island (
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="268D7671FF91FFDAC493E130E01EFEF2" box="[921,1129,313,340]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
), and is dedicated to all the people from Rapa Iti that we met during the MNHN Rapa 2002 Expedition, in recognition of their kindness and hospitality.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="1680656AFF91FFDAC7B7E1C8E100FC0A" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5E2536E1FF91FFDAC7B7E1C8E5C7FE7D" blockId="3.[189,432,449,475]" box="[189,432,449,475]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="056D818DFF91FFDAC7B7E1C8E5C7FE7D" bold="true" box="[189,432,449,475]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF91FFDAC7B7E1C8E5C7FE7D" bold="true" box="[189,432,449,475]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Material Examined</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<materialsCitation id="EEF23CBCFF91FFDAC7E0E1F9E609FDD5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620282301" collectingDate="2002-11-02" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="S. Schiaparelli" country="French Polynesia" county="Pointe Tematapu" elevation="29" latitude="-27.573334" location="Expedition" longLatPrecision="123" longitude="-144.31667" municipality="Rapa Iti" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCode="MNHN IM-2000-27249" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5E2536E1FF91FFDAC7E0E1F9E52BFDAC" blockId="3.[189,1398,496,628]" box="[234,348,496,522]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF91FFDAC7E0E1F9E52BFDAC" bold="true" box="[234,348,496,522]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="81218843FF91FFDAC7E0E1F9E52BFDAC" box="[234,348,496,522]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5E2536E1FF91FFDAC7B7E21AE609FDD5" blockId="3.[189,1398,496,628]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="268D7671FF91FFDAC7B7E21AE5AAFD8B" box="[189,477,531,557]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FRENCH POLYNESIA</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="489CFD68FF91FFDAC6E2E21AE589FD8B" box="[488,510,531,557]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
(1 complete body and shell fragments), RAPA 2002
|
|||
|
|
<location id="5B45603AFF91FFDAC365E21AE084FD8B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D63387F7FF90FFDFC56DE6BAE761F81E:5B45603AFF91FFDAC365E21AE084FD8B" box="[1135,1267,531,557]" country="French Polynesia" county="Pointe Tematapu" latitude="-27.573334" longLatPrecision="123" longitude="-144.31667" municipality="Rapa Iti" name="Expedition" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Expedition</location>
|
|||
|
|
, st. 2,
|
|||
|
|
<location id="5B45603AFF91FFDAC235E21AE564FDF6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D63387F7FF90FFDFC56DE6BAE761F81E:5B45603AFF91FFDAC235E21AE564FDF6" country="French Polynesia" county="Pointe Tematapu" latitude="-27.573334" longLatPrecision="123" longitude="-144.31667" municipality="Rapa Iti" name="Bass Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Bass Islands</location>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingMunicipality id="BE41AC9BFF91FFDAC614E23EE509FDF6" box="[286,382,566,593]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Rapa Iti</collectingMunicipality>
|
|||
|
|
, off
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCounty id="B7444E6DFF91FFDAC6B8E23FE60EFDF7" box="[434,633,566,593]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pointe Tematapu</collectingCounty>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="3BAE5026FF91FFDAC58FE23DE776FDF6" box="[645,769,564,592]" degrees="27" direction="south" minutes="34.4" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="92" value="-27.573334">27°34.4′ S</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="3BAE5026FF91FFDAC407E23DE7D6FDF7" box="[781,929,564,593]" degrees="144" direction="west" minutes="19.0" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="92" value="-144.31667">144°19.0′ W</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="99629B04FF91FFDAC4A6E23FE79EFDF7" box="[940,1001,566,593]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="29.0">
|
|||
|
|
<elevation id="D5B7D1D2FF91FFDAC4A6E23FE79EFDF7" box="[940,1001,566,593]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="29.0">29 m</elevation>
|
|||
|
|
</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<date id="2A241021FF91FFDAC4FFE23FE0FFFDF6" box="[1013,1160,566,593]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2002-11-02">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingDate id="3A60E9C9FF91FFDAC4FFE23FE0FFFDF6" box="[1013,1160,566,593]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2002-11-02">2 Nov. 2002</collectingDate>
|
|||
|
|
</date>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="F36F5337FF91FFDAC398E23FE14AFDF6" box="[1170,1341,566,592]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S. Schiaparelli</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
leg., 95% EtOH (
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCode id="0E3C9E9AFF91FFDAC644E250E605FDD5" box="[334,626,601,627]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MNHN IM-2000-27249</specimenCode>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5E2536E1FF91FFDAC7E0E292E510FD13" blockId="3.[189,1399,667,940]" box="[234,359,667,693]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF91FFDAC7E0E292E510FD13" bold="true" box="[234,359,667,693]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="81218843FF91FFDAC7E0E292E510FD13" box="[234,359,667,693]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5E2536E1FF91FFDAC7B7E2B7E100FC0A" blockId="3.[189,1399,667,940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="268D7671FF91FFDAC7B7E2B7E596FD7E" box="[189,481,702,728]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FRENCH POLYNESIA</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="489CFD68FF91FFDAC6E5E2B7E66BFD7E" box="[495,540,702,728]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
? (1 anterior body, dissected for operculum and tissue clipping), same collection data as
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="81218843FF91FFDAC691E2E8E672FD5D" box="[411,517,737,763]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
, 95% EtOH (GenBank acc. nr. KC583404.1 (28S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; 12S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; tRNA-Val gene, complete sequence), nr. KC583373.1 (16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence)) (
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="388BAE24FF91FFDAC4BDE321E064FCE4" box="[951,1043,808,834]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
IM-2000-31684);
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="489CFD68FF91FFDAC3F9E321E154FCE4" box="[1267,1315,808,834]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="489CFD68FF91FFDAC238E321E101FCE4" box="[1330,1398,808,834]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
(incomplete specimens with part of viscera missing, extracted from dead coral blocks), RAPA 2002 Expedition, st. 26, Bass Islands, Rapa Iti, Baie Anatakuri Nako,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="3BAE5026FF91FFDAC4BFE365E027FC2E" box="[949,1104,876,904]" degrees="27" direction="south" minutes="38.394" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" value="-27.6399">27°38.394′ S</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="3BAE5026FF91FFDAC357E365E167FC2F" box="[1117,1296,876,905]" degrees="144" direction="west" minutes="18.851" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" value="-144.31418">144°18.851′ W</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="99629B04FF91FFDAC216E367E13BFC2F" box="[1308,1356,878,905]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<date id="2A241021FF91FFDAC253E367E54DFC0D" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2002-11-13">13 Nov. 2002</date>
|
|||
|
|
, S. Schiaparelli leg., formalin fixed and transferred to 95% EtOH (
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="388BAE24FF91FFDAC34DE398E0D4FC0D" box="[1095,1187,913,939]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
IM-2000-31685).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="1680656AFF91FFDAC7E0E3DBE596FC4A" box="[234,481,978,1004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="key">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5E2536E1FF91FFDAC7E0E3DBE596FC4A" blockId="3.[189,1399,978,1252]" box="[234,481,978,1004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF91FFDAC7E0E3DBE596FC4A" bold="true" box="[234,481,978,1004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Additional material</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="1680656AFF91FFDAC7B7E3FFE66AFACA" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5E2536E1FF91FFDAC7B7E3FFE5CDFB45" blockId="3.[189,1399,978,1252]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="268D7671FF91FFDAC7B7E3FFE5A9FBB6" box="[189,478,1014,1040]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FRENCH POLYNESIA</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="489CFD68FF91FFDAC6E0E3FFE603FBB6" box="[490,628,1014,1040]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
, Society Islands, Moorea Island, E of Cook’s Bay,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="3BAE5026FF91FFDAC3DCE3FDE106FBB6" box="[1238,1393,1012,1040]" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="28.434" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" value="-17.4739">17°28.434′ S</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="3BAE5026FF91FFDAC7B7E41EE505FB92" box="[189,370,1047,1076]" degrees="149" direction="west" minutes="49.116" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" value="-149.8186">149°49.116′ W</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="99629B04FF91FFDAC68BE410E5B5FB92" box="[385,450,1049,1076]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="11.0">11 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, fore reef in groove and under rocks,
|
|||
|
|
<date id="2A241021FF91FFDAC491E410E040FB95" box="[923,1079,1049,1076]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2009-11-01">1 Nov. 2009</date>
|
|||
|
|
, G. Paulay, T. Lotufo and S. McPherson leg., 75% EtOH (
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="388BAE24FF91FFDAC54FE435E61BFBF0" box="[581,620,1084,1110]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
436684);
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="489CFD68FF91FFDAC5E6E435E70FFBF0" box="[748,888,1084,1110]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
, Society Islands, Moorea Island, fore reef between Cook’s and Opunohu Bays,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="3BAE5026FF91FFDAC567E457E771FBDC" box="[621,774,1118,1146]" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="28.632" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" value="-17.4772">17°28.632′ S</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="3BAE5026FF91FFDAC418E457E7B4FBDC" box="[786,963,1118,1146]" degrees="149" direction="west" minutes="49.836" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" value="-149.8306">149°49.836′ W</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
, in coralline pavement,
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="99629B04FF91FFDAC3D3E469E153FBDC" box="[1241,1316,1120,1146]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="1.0" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.0">0–2 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<date id="2A241021FF91FFDAC23AE456E48CFB3B" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2006-07-06">6 July 2006</date>
|
|||
|
|
, G. Paulay leg., 75% EtOH (
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="388BAE24FF91FFDAC556E48AE6F4FB3B" box="[604,643,1155,1181]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
400881); several specimens (only photographs examined,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="C6A12A64FF91FFDAC242E48AE4B0FB66" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1647,1673]" captionTargetBox="[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Novastoa rapaitiensissp. nov.A. Living specimens embedded in coralsubstrate with only apertures and heavily encrusted opercula visible (UF 400847, Moorea Island, French Polynesia, photographs by G. Paulay). B–C. Preserved specimen fractured in plane perpendicular to surface, showing both halves of broken shell and animal embedded in coral (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia). D–E. Living specimen from Rapa Iti (MNHN IM-2000-31685) just after extraction from the shell. F. Living specimen embedded in coral that has been fractured in plane perpendicular to surface (UF 400849). – G–L. Lateral views of opercula. G. Operculum from Rapa Iti as photographed in the field just after dissection (not from the type series). H. Operculum from the Moorea Island population, French Polynesia (UF 436684). I. Operculum from the Rapa Iti Island population, French Polynesia (MNHN IM-2000-31684). L. Operculum from the Yonge Reef population, Australia (AM C.464342). – M. Egg capsule after removal from interior shell wall (more developed embryos shown in Fig. 2A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3829339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3829339/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
A–C, F), same collection data as preceding, 0 m, 10% formalin fixed and transferred to 75% EtOH (
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="388BAE24FF91FFDAC245E4AFE101FB66" box="[1359,1398,1190,1216]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
400847,
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="388BAE24FF91FFDAC62EE4C3E53EFB42" box="[292,329,1226,1252]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
400849).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5E2536E1FF91FFDAC7B7E502E66AFACA" blockId="3.[189,1398,1290,1388]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="268D7671FF91FFDAC7B7E502E51FFA83" box="[189,360,1291,1317]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
: many bodies, all without shells, Great Barrier Reef,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="9C5EF803FF91FFDAC4DAE503E029FA82" box="[976,1118,1290,1316]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
, Yonge Reef, inner reef,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="3BAE5026FF91FFDAC7B7E525E520FAEE" box="[189,343,1324,1352]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="35.100" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" value="-14.585">14°35.100′ S</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="3BAE5026FF91FFDAC66FE525E667FAEE" box="[357,528,1324,1352]" degrees="145" direction="east" minutes="37.020" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" value="145.617">145°37.020′ E</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
, on dead branching coral,
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="99629B04FF91FFDAC440E527E70DFAEE" box="[842,890,1326,1352]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<date id="2A241021FF91FFDAC48DE527E78DFAEE" box="[903,1018,1325,1352]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1975-01">Jan. 1975</date>
|
|||
|
|
, P. Hutchings and P. Weate leg., 5% formalin (
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="388BAE24FF91FFDAC66AE558E5E6FACD" box="[352,401,1361,1387]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
C.464342).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="1680656AFF91FFDFC7B7E59BE521F9A3" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5E2536E1FF91FFDAC7B7E59BE539FA0A" blockId="3.[189,334,1426,1452]" box="[189,334,1426,1452]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="056D818DFF91FFDAC7B7E59BE539FA0A" bold="true" box="[189,334,1426,1452]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF91FFDAC7B7E59BE539FA0A" bold="true" box="[189,334,1426,1452]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5E2536E1FF91FFDAC7B7E5C8E114F92D" blockId="3.[189,1399,1473,1676]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
TELEOCONCH. Apertural diameter to
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="99629B04FF91FFDAC566E5C8E6BAFA7D" box="[620,717,1473,1499]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, diameter of expanded ‘chamber’ behind aperture up to
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="99629B04FF91FFDAC7B7E5EDE56DFA59" box="[189,282,1508,1535]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="4.1">4.1 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
; diameter of last whorl up to
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="99629B04FF91FFDAC565E5EDE6ADFA59" box="[623,730,1508,1535]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="10.4">10.4 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
. Up to 3 whorls coiled concentrically; entirely embedded in substrate (including dorsal surface of shell) with only aperture visible (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="C6A12A64FF91FFDAC307E60EE01EF987" box="[1037,1129,1543,1569]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1647,1673]" captionTargetBox="[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Novastoa rapaitiensissp. nov.A. Living specimens embedded in coralsubstrate with only apertures and heavily encrusted opercula visible (UF 400847, Moorea Island, French Polynesia, photographs by G. Paulay). B–C. Preserved specimen fractured in plane perpendicular to surface, showing both halves of broken shell and animal embedded in coral (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia). D–E. Living specimen from Rapa Iti (MNHN IM-2000-31685) just after extraction from the shell. F. Living specimen embedded in coral that has been fractured in plane perpendicular to surface (UF 400849). – G–L. Lateral views of opercula. G. Operculum from Rapa Iti as photographed in the field just after dissection (not from the type series). H. Operculum from the Moorea Island population, French Polynesia (UF 436684). I. Operculum from the Rapa Iti Island population, French Polynesia (MNHN IM-2000-31684). L. Operculum from the Yonge Reef population, Australia (AM C.464342). – M. Egg capsule after removal from interior shell wall (more developed embryos shown in Fig. 2A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3829339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3829339/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
); aperture flush with or countersunk below surface. Shell very thin, delicate. External surface entirely surrounded by substrate matrix, but white when cleaned; sculpture of very low transverse lamellae (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="C6A12A64FF91FFDAC34FE647E0DCF9CE" box="[1093,1195,1614,1640]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1694,1720]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1398,265,1661]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Novastoa rapaitiensis sp. nov. A–D. Pre-hatching larval shells from egg mass of Fig. 1M. E–F. Operculum of specimen from Rapa Iti (not from the type series). G. SEM image of lateral view of operculum, with lamina stripped away to expose underlying structure (MNHN IM-2000-31684, Rapa Iti Island, French Polynesia). H. SEM image of exterior surface of operculum (MNHN IM-2000-31684, Rapa Iti Island, French Polynesia). I. Radula of specimen from Rapa Iti. L. Central section of radula (MNHN IM-2000-31684, Rapa Iti Island, French Polynesia). M. SEM image of teleoconch sculpture after removal of surrounding substrate (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3829341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3829341/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2M</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Interior surface white with transverse stripe of brown on columellar surface of last whorl (in ‘chamber’) (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="C6A12A64FF91FFDAC3DCE678E160F92D" box="[1238,1303,1649,1675]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1647,1673]" captionTargetBox="[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Novastoa rapaitiensissp. nov.A. Living specimens embedded in coralsubstrate with only apertures and heavily encrusted opercula visible (UF 400847, Moorea Island, French Polynesia, photographs by G. Paulay). B–C. Preserved specimen fractured in plane perpendicular to surface, showing both halves of broken shell and animal embedded in coral (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia). D–E. Living specimen from Rapa Iti (MNHN IM-2000-31685) just after extraction from the shell. F. Living specimen embedded in coral that has been fractured in plane perpendicular to surface (UF 400849). – G–L. Lateral views of opercula. G. Operculum from Rapa Iti as photographed in the field just after dissection (not from the type series). H. Operculum from the Moorea Island population, French Polynesia (UF 436684). I. Operculum from the Rapa Iti Island population, French Polynesia (MNHN IM-2000-31684). L. Operculum from the Yonge Reef population, Australia (AM C.464342). – M. Egg capsule after removal from interior shell wall (more developed embryos shown in Fig. 2A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3829339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3829339/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
B–C).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5E2536E1FF91FFDAC7B7E6BAE7FDF8FF" blockId="3.[189,1399,1714,1881]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
PROTOCONCH (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="C6A12A64FF91FFDAC656E6BBE5D7F96A" box="[348,416,1714,1740]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1694,1720]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1398,265,1661]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Novastoa rapaitiensis sp. nov. A–D. Pre-hatching larval shells from egg mass of Fig. 1M. E–F. Operculum of specimen from Rapa Iti (not from the type series). G. SEM image of lateral view of operculum, with lamina stripped away to expose underlying structure (MNHN IM-2000-31684, Rapa Iti Island, French Polynesia). H. SEM image of exterior surface of operculum (MNHN IM-2000-31684, Rapa Iti Island, French Polynesia). I. Radula of specimen from Rapa Iti. L. Central section of radula (MNHN IM-2000-31684, Rapa Iti Island, French Polynesia). M. SEM image of teleoconch sculpture after removal of surrounding substrate (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3829341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3829341/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
A–D). Hatchling protoconch height 657.27 ± 40.27 μm (mean ± SD, n = 3), diameter 561.94 ± 47.89 μm (mean ± SD, n = 4). Sculpture absent on first whorl, then consisting of up to 14 heavy axial ribs. Space between ribs about 3 times rib width. According to developmental stage, protoconchs may be yellow to brown in color (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="C6A12A64FF91FFDAC564E715E6A3F890" box="[622,724,1820,1846]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1647,1673]" captionTargetBox="[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Novastoa rapaitiensissp. nov.A. Living specimens embedded in coralsubstrate with only apertures and heavily encrusted opercula visible (UF 400847, Moorea Island, French Polynesia, photographs by G. Paulay). B–C. Preserved specimen fractured in plane perpendicular to surface, showing both halves of broken shell and animal embedded in coral (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia). D–E. Living specimen from Rapa Iti (MNHN IM-2000-31685) just after extraction from the shell. F. Living specimen embedded in coral that has been fractured in plane perpendicular to surface (UF 400849). – G–L. Lateral views of opercula. G. Operculum from Rapa Iti as photographed in the field just after dissection (not from the type series). H. Operculum from the Moorea Island population, French Polynesia (UF 436684). I. Operculum from the Rapa Iti Island population, French Polynesia (MNHN IM-2000-31684). L. Operculum from the Yonge Reef population, Australia (AM C.464342). – M. Egg capsule after removal from interior shell wall (more developed embryos shown in Fig. 2A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3829339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3829339/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1M</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), with latter stage approaching that of fully developed protoconch in number of whorls and development of labrum.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5E2536E1FF91FFDFC7B7E788E5F4FE29" blockId="3.[189,1399,1920,2017]" lastBlockId="6.[189,1399,267,399]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
OPERCULUM (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="C6A12A64FF91FFDAC659E789E5E2F83D" box="[339,405,1920,1947]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1647,1673]" captionTargetBox="[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Novastoa rapaitiensissp. nov.A. Living specimens embedded in coralsubstrate with only apertures and heavily encrusted opercula visible (UF 400847, Moorea Island, French Polynesia, photographs by G. Paulay). B–C. Preserved specimen fractured in plane perpendicular to surface, showing both halves of broken shell and animal embedded in coral (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia). D–E. Living specimen from Rapa Iti (MNHN IM-2000-31685) just after extraction from the shell. F. Living specimen embedded in coral that has been fractured in plane perpendicular to surface (UF 400849). – G–L. Lateral views of opercula. G. Operculum from Rapa Iti as photographed in the field just after dissection (not from the type series). H. Operculum from the Moorea Island population, French Polynesia (UF 436684). I. Operculum from the Rapa Iti Island population, French Polynesia (MNHN IM-2000-31684). L. Operculum from the Yonge Reef population, Australia (AM C.464342). – M. Egg capsule after removal from interior shell wall (more developed embryos shown in Fig. 2A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3829339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3829339/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
G–L). Diameter up to
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="99629B04FF91FFDAC5A9E788E69FF83D" box="[675,744,1921,1947]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
(Rapa Iti),
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="99629B04FF91FFDAC478E789E7BAF83D" box="[882,973,1920,1947]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
(Moorea) or
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="99629B04FF91FFDAC364E788E0BEF83D" box="[1134,1225,1921,1947]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
(Yonge Reef). Orange cream white peripherally, with a reddish band toward external edge (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="C6A12A64FF91FFDAC35EE7ADE0E1F818" box="[1108,1174,1956,1982]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1647,1673]" captionTargetBox="[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Novastoa rapaitiensissp. nov.A. Living specimens embedded in coralsubstrate with only apertures and heavily encrusted opercula visible (UF 400847, Moorea Island, French Polynesia, photographs by G. Paulay). B–C. Preserved specimen fractured in plane perpendicular to surface, showing both halves of broken shell and animal embedded in coral (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia). D–E. Living specimen from Rapa Iti (MNHN IM-2000-31685) just after extraction from the shell. F. Living specimen embedded in coral that has been fractured in plane perpendicular to surface (UF 400849). – G–L. Lateral views of opercula. G. Operculum from Rapa Iti as photographed in the field just after dissection (not from the type series). H. Operculum from the Moorea Island population, French Polynesia (UF 436684). I. Operculum from the Rapa Iti Island population, French Polynesia (MNHN IM-2000-31684). L. Operculum from the Yonge Reef population, Australia (AM C.464342). – M. Egg capsule after removal from interior shell wall (more developed embryos shown in Fig. 2A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3829339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3829339/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
D–E, G); formalin fixed material turns whitish, but some specimens retaining reddish band close to edge. Lamina on exterior surface ruffled (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="C6A12A64FF94FFDFC6D4E102E652FE83" box="[478,549,267,293]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1647,1673]" captionTargetBox="[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Novastoa rapaitiensissp. nov.A. Living specimens embedded in coralsubstrate with only apertures and heavily encrusted opercula visible (UF 400847, Moorea Island, French Polynesia, photographs by G. Paulay). B–C. Preserved specimen fractured in plane perpendicular to surface, showing both halves of broken shell and animal embedded in coral (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia). D–E. Living specimen from Rapa Iti (MNHN IM-2000-31685) just after extraction from the shell. F. Living specimen embedded in coral that has been fractured in plane perpendicular to surface (UF 400849). – G–L. Lateral views of opercula. G. Operculum from Rapa Iti as photographed in the field just after dissection (not from the type series). H. Operculum from the Moorea Island population, French Polynesia (UF 436684). I. Operculum from the Rapa Iti Island population, French Polynesia (MNHN IM-2000-31684). L. Operculum from the Yonge Reef population, Australia (AM C.464342). – M. Egg capsule after removal from interior shell wall (more developed embryos shown in Fig. 2A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3829339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3829339/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
H–L, 2G–H). Interior surface with very tall, spindle-shaped mammilla, up to
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="99629B04FF94FFDFC60FE126E515FEEF" box="[261,354,303,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
(Rapa Iti,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="C6A12A64FF94FFDFC6E2E127E633FEEF" box="[488,580,302,329]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1694,1720]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1398,265,1661]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Novastoa rapaitiensis sp. nov. A–D. Pre-hatching larval shells from egg mass of Fig. 1M. E–F. Operculum of specimen from Rapa Iti (not from the type series). G. SEM image of lateral view of operculum, with lamina stripped away to expose underlying structure (MNHN IM-2000-31684, Rapa Iti Island, French Polynesia). H. SEM image of exterior surface of operculum (MNHN IM-2000-31684, Rapa Iti Island, French Polynesia). I. Radula of specimen from Rapa Iti. L. Central section of radula (MNHN IM-2000-31684, Rapa Iti Island, French Polynesia). M. SEM image of teleoconch sculpture after removal of surrounding substrate (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3829341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3829341/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="99629B04FF94FFDFC556E126E6CEFEEF" box="[604,697,303,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
(Yonge Reef) or
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="99629B04FF94FFDFC485E126E7A1FEEF" box="[911,982,303,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
(Moorea) long, golden in color in freshly dissected opercula (e.g.,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="C6A12A64FF94FFDFC534E15BE6EEFECA" box="[574,665,338,364]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1647,1673]" captionTargetBox="[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Novastoa rapaitiensissp. nov.A. Living specimens embedded in coralsubstrate with only apertures and heavily encrusted opercula visible (UF 400847, Moorea Island, French Polynesia, photographs by G. Paulay). B–C. Preserved specimen fractured in plane perpendicular to surface, showing both halves of broken shell and animal embedded in coral (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia). D–E. Living specimen from Rapa Iti (MNHN IM-2000-31685) just after extraction from the shell. F. Living specimen embedded in coral that has been fractured in plane perpendicular to surface (UF 400849). – G–L. Lateral views of opercula. G. Operculum from Rapa Iti as photographed in the field just after dissection (not from the type series). H. Operculum from the Moorea Island population, French Polynesia (UF 436684). I. Operculum from the Rapa Iti Island population, French Polynesia (MNHN IM-2000-31684). L. Operculum from the Yonge Reef population, Australia (AM C.464342). – M. Egg capsule after removal from interior shell wall (more developed embryos shown in Fig. 2A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3829339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3829339/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) from Rapa Iti and Moorea. Opercula heavily encrusted with algae and debris.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="0AE56669FF96FFDDC7B7E666E165F84F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3829339" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3829339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3829339/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[189,232,1647,1673]" targetBox="[259,1327,265,1614]" targetPageId="4">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5E2536E1FF96FFDDC7B7E666E165F84F" blockId="4.[189,1399,1647,2025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF96FFDDC7B7E666E570F92F" bold="true" box="[189,263,1647,1673]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="999A4D62FF96FFDDC601E679E67EF92F" authority="Schiaparelli & Bieler & Golding & Rawlings & Collins, 2017" authorityName="Schiaparelli & Bieler & Golding & Rawlings & Collins" authorityYear="2017" box="[267,521,1648,1673]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vermetidae" genus="Novastoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rapaitiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF96FFDDC601E679E67EF92F" box="[267,521,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Novastoa rapaitiensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="77DD5788FF96FFDDC506E666E613F92F" box="[524,612,1647,1673]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF96FFDDC56DE666E60BF92F" bold="true" box="[615,636,1647,1673]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Living specimens embedded in coral substrate with only apertures and heavily encrusted opercula visible (UF 400847, Moorea Island, French Polynesia, photographs by G. Paulay).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF96FFDDC673E6BCE5C7F969" bold="true" box="[377,432,1717,1743]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B–C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Preserved specimen fractured in plane perpendicular to surface, showing both halves of broken shell and animal embedded in coral (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF96FFDDC7B7E6F5E483F8B0" bold="true" box="[189,244,1788,1814]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">D–E</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Living specimen from Rapa Iti (MNHN IM-2000-31685) just after extraction from the shell.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF96FFDDC7B7E716E4B8F89F" bold="true" box="[189,207,1823,1849]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">F</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Living specimen embedded in coral that has been fractured in plane perpendicular to surface (UF 400849). –
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF96FFDDC64CE74BE508F8FA" bold="true" box="[326,383,1858,1884]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G–L</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Lateral views of opercula.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF96FFDDC5C4E74BE692F8FA" bold="true" box="[718,741,1858,1884]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Operculum from Rapa Iti as photographed in the field just after dissection (not from the type series).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF96FFDDC5DFE76CE69BF8D9" bold="true" box="[725,748,1893,1919]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">H</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Operculum from the Moorea Island population, French Polynesia (UF 436684).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF96FFDDC6E8E780E59AF805" bold="true" box="[482,493,1929,1955]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">I</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Operculum from the Rapa Iti Island population, French Polynesia (MNHN IM-2000-31684).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF96FFDDC69BE7A5E5D2F860" bold="true" box="[401,421,1964,1990]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">L</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Operculum from the Yonge Reef population, Australia (AM C.464342). –
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF96FFDDC217E7A5E14EF860" bold="true" box="[1309,1337,1964,1990]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Egg capsule after removal from interior shell wall (more developed embryos shown in Fig. 2A–D).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="0AE56669FF97FFDCC7B7E697E0CEF82A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3829341" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3829341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3829341/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[189,232,1694,1720]" targetBox="[189,1398,265,1661]" targetPageId="5">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5E2536E1FF97FFDCC7B7E697E0CEF82A" blockId="5.[189,1399,1694,1932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF97FFDCC7B7E697E578F91E" bold="true" box="[189,271,1694,1720]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="999A4D62FF97FFDCC611E696E656F91E" authority="Schiaparelli & Bieler & Golding & Rawlings & Collins, 2017" authorityName="Schiaparelli & Bieler & Golding & Rawlings & Collins" authorityYear="2017" box="[283,545,1695,1720]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vermetidae" genus="Novastoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rapaitiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF97FFDCC611E696E656F91E" box="[283,545,1695,1720]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Novastoa rapaitiensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="77DD5788FF97FFDCC527E696E6FBF91F" box="[557,652,1695,1721]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF97FFDCC592E697E6A6F91E" bold="true" box="[664,721,1694,1720]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A–D</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Pre-hatching larval shells from egg mass of Fig. 1M.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF97FFDCC7B7E6CBE486F97A" bold="true" box="[189,241,1730,1756]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E–F</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Operculum of specimen from Rapa Iti (not from the type series).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF97FFDCC4F2E6C8E078F97D" bold="true" box="[1016,1039,1729,1755]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. SEM image of lateral view of operculum, with lamina stripped away to expose underlying structure (MNHN IM-2000-31684, Rapa Iti Island, French Polynesia).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF97FFDCC51FE701E65BF884" bold="true" box="[533,556,1800,1826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. SEM image of exterior surface of operculum (MNHN IM-2000-31684, Rapa Iti Island, French Polynesia).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF97FFDCC56CE722E606F8E3" bold="true" box="[614,625,1835,1861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">I</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Radula of specimen from Rapa Iti.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF97FFDCC321E722E048F8E3" bold="true" box="[1067,1087,1835,1861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Central section of radula (MNHN IM-2000-31684, Rapa Iti Island, French Polynesia).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF97FFDCC494E747E7CDF8CE" bold="true" box="[926,954,1870,1896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. SEM image of teleoconch sculpture after removal of surrounding substrate (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5E2536E1FF94FFDFC7B7E1BEE086FDFB" blockId="6.[189,1399,438,606]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|||
|
|
RADULA (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="C6A12A64FF94FFDFC623E1BFE518FE76" box="[297,367,438,464]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1694,1720]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1398,265,1661]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Novastoa rapaitiensis sp. nov. A–D. Pre-hatching larval shells from egg mass of Fig. 1M. E–F. Operculum of specimen from Rapa Iti (not from the type series). G. SEM image of lateral view of operculum, with lamina stripped away to expose underlying structure (MNHN IM-2000-31684, Rapa Iti Island, French Polynesia). H. SEM image of exterior surface of operculum (MNHN IM-2000-31684, Rapa Iti Island, French Polynesia). I. Radula of specimen from Rapa Iti. L. Central section of radula (MNHN IM-2000-31684, Rapa Iti Island, French Polynesia). M. SEM image of teleoconch sculpture after removal of surrounding substrate (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3829341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3829341/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
I–L). Length of ribbon up to
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="99629B04FF94FFDFC5C1E1BFE75FFE77" box="[715,808,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, width up to
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="99629B04FF94FFDFC4CBE1BFE057FE77" box="[961,1056,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 µm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
; up to 35 rows. Central tooth with large central cusp, flanked on each side by 3 smaller cusps. Lateral tooth with interlocking grooves for central and marginal teeth; main cusp flanked on outer side by 3 cusps, on inside by 1 cusp. Inner marginal tooth slender, elongate main cusp flanked on outer side by 2 cusps, on inner side by 1 cusp; outer marginal tooth with 1 cusp on inner side, smooth on outside; base straight and simple.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5E2536E1FF94FFDFC7B7E28CE62CFB2D" blockId="6.[189,1399,645,1163]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|||
|
|
BODY EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY AND COLORATION (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="C6A12A64FF94FFDFC5E7E28CE745FD39" box="[749,818,645,671]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1647,1673]" captionTargetBox="[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Novastoa rapaitiensissp. nov.A. Living specimens embedded in coralsubstrate with only apertures and heavily encrusted opercula visible (UF 400847, Moorea Island, French Polynesia, photographs by G. Paulay). B–C. Preserved specimen fractured in plane perpendicular to surface, showing both halves of broken shell and animal embedded in coral (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia). D–E. Living specimen from Rapa Iti (MNHN IM-2000-31685) just after extraction from the shell. F. Living specimen embedded in coral that has been fractured in plane perpendicular to surface (UF 400849). – G–L. Lateral views of opercula. G. Operculum from Rapa Iti as photographed in the field just after dissection (not from the type series). H. Operculum from the Moorea Island population, French Polynesia (UF 436684). I. Operculum from the Rapa Iti Island population, French Polynesia (MNHN IM-2000-31684). L. Operculum from the Yonge Reef population, Australia (AM C.464342). – M. Egg capsule after removal from interior shell wall (more developed embryos shown in Fig. 2A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3829339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3829339/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
B–F). Body length up to
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="99629B04FF94FFDFC378E28CE0BEFD39" box="[1138,1225,645,671]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
(Rapa Iti and Moorea populations) or up to
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="99629B04FF94FFDFC513E2A1E62AFD64" box="[537,605,680,706]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
(Yonge Reef population), occupying last whorl of shell. Columellar muscle very short, extending <0.5 whorl. Food groove with convoluted flap on outer margin. Adult female mantle divided by pallial notch extending <0.3 times mantle length. Color in life (Rapa Iti population): head-foot translucent white overlaid with mottled white, black and orange pigment patches, with black pigment more concentrated in center of head and around lips (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="C6A12A64FF94FFDFC31EE33CE006FCE9" box="[1044,1137,821,847]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1647,1673]" captionTargetBox="[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Novastoa rapaitiensissp. nov.A. Living specimens embedded in coralsubstrate with only apertures and heavily encrusted opercula visible (UF 400847, Moorea Island, French Polynesia, photographs by G. Paulay). B–C. Preserved specimen fractured in plane perpendicular to surface, showing both halves of broken shell and animal embedded in coral (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia). D–E. Living specimen from Rapa Iti (MNHN IM-2000-31685) just after extraction from the shell. F. Living specimen embedded in coral that has been fractured in plane perpendicular to surface (UF 400849). – G–L. Lateral views of opercula. G. Operculum from Rapa Iti as photographed in the field just after dissection (not from the type series). H. Operculum from the Moorea Island population, French Polynesia (UF 436684). I. Operculum from the Rapa Iti Island population, French Polynesia (MNHN IM-2000-31684). L. Operculum from the Yonge Reef population, Australia (AM C.464342). – M. Egg capsule after removal from interior shell wall (more developed embryos shown in Fig. 2A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3829339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3829339/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
); sides of head behind cephalic tentacles showing large, almost fused, white patches forming a band in continuity with cephalic tentacles, with few orange speckles; side of foot with large orange and white pigment patches (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="C6A12A64FF94FFDFC204E372E111FC33" box="[1294,1382,891,917]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1647,1673]" captionTargetBox="[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Novastoa rapaitiensissp. nov.A. Living specimens embedded in coralsubstrate with only apertures and heavily encrusted opercula visible (UF 400847, Moorea Island, French Polynesia, photographs by G. Paulay). B–C. Preserved specimen fractured in plane perpendicular to surface, showing both halves of broken shell and animal embedded in coral (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia). D–E. Living specimen from Rapa Iti (MNHN IM-2000-31685) just after extraction from the shell. F. Living specimen embedded in coral that has been fractured in plane perpendicular to surface (UF 400849). – G–L. Lateral views of opercula. G. Operculum from Rapa Iti as photographed in the field just after dissection (not from the type series). H. Operculum from the Moorea Island population, French Polynesia (UF 436684). I. Operculum from the Rapa Iti Island population, French Polynesia (MNHN IM-2000-31684). L. Operculum from the Yonge Reef population, Australia (AM C.464342). – M. Egg capsule after removal from interior shell wall (more developed embryos shown in Fig. 2A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3829339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3829339/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
); cephalic tentacles with yellowish white small patches; mantle edge with a large external band of black pigment. Color in life (Moorea population): head-foot color translucent white overlaid with mottled pale yellow pigment patches around anterior surface of opercular lobe; sides of head with diffuse patches of opaque white pigment; dorsal surface of head around base of tentacles and lips with scattered black and white speckles; cephalic tentacles white; mantle margin opaque white. Color of specimens after preservation in 75–95% ethanol or formalin: entirely cream with scattered black speckles on dorsal surface of head and mantle margin.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5E2536E1FF94FFDFC7B7E4BAE627FAFC" blockId="6.[189,1399,1203,1370]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|||
|
|
PALLIAL AND REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="C6A12A64FF94FFDFC578E4BAE6C0FB6B" box="[626,695,1203,1229]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1830,1856]" captionTargetBox="[190,1407,650,1791]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[179,1410,641,1803]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Anatomy of Novastoa rapaitiensis sp. nov. A–B. Male specimen (holotype, MNHN IM-2000- 27249, Rapa Iti Island, French Polynesia). A. Right view. B. Dorsal view of anterior body. – C. Female specimen, right view (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia). – D–E. Female specimen (AM C.464342, Yonge Reef, Australia). D. Dorsal view of anterior body. E. Mantle cavity. – F. Leaflet from mid-section of gill (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3829343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3829343/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
A–F). Gill 0.2× mantle width; gill leaflets tall, breadth half height; 16 leaflets per mm. Osphradium
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="99629B04FF94FFDFC5A8E4DFE689FB57" box="[674,766,1238,1265]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
long; margins smooth; anterior tip bent 180° around columellar muscle. Anus protruding from mantle cavity; fecal pellets cigar-shaped. Hypobranchial gland not discerned. Seminal receptacle attached to tip of proximal diverticulum from pallial oviduct. Male reproductive system not observed.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5E2536E1FF94FFDFC7B7E58BE521F9A3" blockId="6.[189,1399,1409,1541]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|||
|
|
EGG CAPSULE. A single stalked egg capsule was found attached to the internal side of the shell of a female (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="C6A12A64FF94FFDFC7CCE5ADE55FFA18" box="[198,296,1444,1470]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1647,1673]" captionTargetBox="[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Novastoa rapaitiensissp. nov.A. Living specimens embedded in coralsubstrate with only apertures and heavily encrusted opercula visible (UF 400847, Moorea Island, French Polynesia, photographs by G. Paulay). B–C. Preserved specimen fractured in plane perpendicular to surface, showing both halves of broken shell and animal embedded in coral (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia). D–E. Living specimen from Rapa Iti (MNHN IM-2000-31685) just after extraction from the shell. F. Living specimen embedded in coral that has been fractured in plane perpendicular to surface (UF 400849). – G–L. Lateral views of opercula. G. Operculum from Rapa Iti as photographed in the field just after dissection (not from the type series). H. Operculum from the Moorea Island population, French Polynesia (UF 436684). I. Operculum from the Rapa Iti Island population, French Polynesia (MNHN IM-2000-31684). L. Operculum from the Yonge Reef population, Australia (AM C.464342). – M. Egg capsule after removal from interior shell wall (more developed embryos shown in Fig. 2A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3829339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3829339/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1M</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), containing seven embryos close to hatching. In another female a free embryo was found in the mantle cavity. Four of the seven embryos of this egg capsule were prepared for SEM observation (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="C6A12A64FF94FFDFC7CCE5E2E57BF9A3" box="[198,268,1515,1541]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1694,1720]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1398,265,1661]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Novastoa rapaitiensis sp. nov. A–D. Pre-hatching larval shells from egg mass of Fig. 1M. E–F. Operculum of specimen from Rapa Iti (not from the type series). G. SEM image of lateral view of operculum, with lamina stripped away to expose underlying structure (MNHN IM-2000-31684, Rapa Iti Island, French Polynesia). H. SEM image of exterior surface of operculum (MNHN IM-2000-31684, Rapa Iti Island, French Polynesia). I. Radula of specimen from Rapa Iti. L. Central section of radula (MNHN IM-2000-31684, Rapa Iti Island, French Polynesia). M. SEM image of teleoconch sculpture after removal of surrounding substrate (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3829341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3829341/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
A–D).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="1680656AFF94FFDFC7B7E625E506F883" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5E2536E1FF94FFDFC7B7E625E58BF9E0" blockId="6.[189,508,1580,1606]" box="[189,508,1580,1606]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="056D818DFF94FFDFC7B7E625E58BF9E0" bold="true" box="[189,508,1580,1606]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="3">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF94FFDFC7B7E625E58BF9E0" bold="true" box="[189,508,1580,1606]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Development and ecology</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5E2536E1FF94FFDFC7B7E652E506F883" blockId="6.[189,1399,1627,1829]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|||
|
|
Adults are common on the reef crest in the wave zone, gregarious but not growing in contact with each other. Some of the specimens collected on Rapa Iti were found on a large dead
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="999A4D62FF94FFDFC35DE677E0B1F93E" box="[1111,1222,1662,1688]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF94FFDFC35DE677E0B1F93E" box="[1111,1222,1662,1688]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Acropora</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
coral head at a depth of
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="99629B04FF94FFDFC62EE6A8E515F91A" box="[292,354,1697,1724]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, which was not apparently displaced from shallower reef: given these findings the known depth range is
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="99629B04FF94FFDFC664E6CDE5BBF979" box="[366,460,1732,1759]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="0.0">
|
|||
|
|
0–
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="489CFD68FF94FFDFC686E6CDE5BBF979" box="[396,460,1732,1759]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="generic">30 m</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
. Specimens from Rapa Iti (MNHN IM-2000-31685) and Moorea (UF 400847,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="C6A12A64FF94FFDFC7B7E6EEE56EF8A4" box="[189,281,1767,1794]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1647,1673]" captionTargetBox="[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[259,1327,265,1614]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Novastoa rapaitiensissp. nov.A. Living specimens embedded in coralsubstrate with only apertures and heavily encrusted opercula visible (UF 400847, Moorea Island, French Polynesia, photographs by G. Paulay). B–C. Preserved specimen fractured in plane perpendicular to surface, showing both halves of broken shell and animal embedded in coral (UF 436684, Moorea Island, French Polynesia). D–E. Living specimen from Rapa Iti (MNHN IM-2000-31685) just after extraction from the shell. F. Living specimen embedded in coral that has been fractured in plane perpendicular to surface (UF 400849). – G–L. Lateral views of opercula. G. Operculum from Rapa Iti as photographed in the field just after dissection (not from the type series). H. Operculum from the Moorea Island population, French Polynesia (UF 436684). I. Operculum from the Rapa Iti Island population, French Polynesia (MNHN IM-2000-31684). L. Operculum from the Yonge Reef population, Australia (AM C.464342). – M. Egg capsule after removal from interior shell wall (more developed embryos shown in Fig. 2A–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3829339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3829339/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) appear to have grown on dead coral substrates in association with an unidentified species of coralline algae.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="1680656AFF94FFDFC7B7E745E761F81E" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5E2536E1FF94FFDFC7B7E745E521F8C0" blockId="6.[189,342,1868,1894]" box="[189,342,1868,1894]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="056D818DFF94FFDFC7B7E745E521F8C0" bold="true" box="[189,342,1868,1894]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="3">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="6CEEEAF3FF94FFDFC7B7E745E521F8C0" bold="true" box="[189,342,1868,1894]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="5E2536E1FF94FFDFC7B7E772E761F81E" blockId="6.[189,1398,1915,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|||
|
|
Known from the southern central and west Pacific, specifically Rapa Iti Island and Moorea (
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="268D7671FF94FFDFC229E772E543F81F" name="French Polynesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
), and the Great Barrier Reef in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="268D7671FF94FFDFC5A8E797E766F81E" box="[674,785,1950,1976]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|