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<document id="906061B0A47335CCBAAFA847B0466A4A" ID-CLB-Dataset="8372" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4524335" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3521b9ea-1966-43de-9660-e56c258390f3" ID-ISSN="0253-116X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4524335" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612223533551" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ebmer, A. W." docDate="2011" docId="865F8797FFDF8D19FF09FB62EC5BD697" docLanguage="de" docName="LinzerbiolBeitr.43.1.0005-0083.pdf" docOrigin="Linzer biologische Beiträge 43 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:24E5EB772D355DE2EE23B1E8D07853E0.9:LinzerbiolBeitr.2006-.journal_article" docStyleId="24E5EB772D355DE2EE23B1E8D07853E0" docStyleName="LinzerbiolBeitr.2006-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Halictus (Seladonia) confusus SMITH 1853" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="7A66FFEFFFCF8D0DFFBBFFD6EE32D318" masterDocTitle="Holarktische Bienenarten - autochthon, eingeführt, eingeschleppt" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="5" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1698926274955" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="C70A4DBBB6E7889EE51FEFCB41C4990F">Holarktische Bienenarten - autochthon, eingeführt, eingeschleppt</mods:title>
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<treatment id="865F8797FFDF8D19FF09FB62EC5BD697" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4524377" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177311934" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4524377" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:865F8797FFDF8D19FF09FB62EC5BD697" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/865F8797FFDF8D19FF09FB62EC5BD697" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="16" pageNumber="21">
<subSubSection id="46EC650AFFDF8D1DFF09FB62EC46D7D2" box="[178,628,1204,1226]" pageId="16" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDF8D1DFF09FB62EC46D7D2" blockId="16.[178,628,1204,1226]" box="[178,628,1204,1226]" pageId="16" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="550181EDFFDF8D1DFF09FB62EC46D7D2" box="[178,628,1204,1226]" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="21" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDF8D1DFF09FB62EC46D7D2" ID-CoL="3JD66" authority="SMITH 1853" authorityName="SMITH" authorityYear="1853" box="[178,628,1204,1226]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus" subGenus="Seladonia">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDF8D1DFF09FB62EC46D7D2" bold="true" box="[178,628,1204,1226]" pageId="16" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDF8D1DFF09FB62EF39D7D2" bold="true" box="[178,267,1204,1226]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="21">Halictus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDF8D1DFEA2FB62EFB3D7D2" bold="true" box="[281,385,1204,1226]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="21">Seladonia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDF8D1DFE2BFB62EFDCD7D2" bold="true" box="[400,494,1204,1226]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="21">confusus</emphasis>
SMITH 1853
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46EC650AFFDF8D1FFF09FB0AEC7BD6AC" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="16" pageNumber="21" type="description">
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDF8D1DFF09FB0AEF58D7E8" blockId="16.[178,1086,1244,1390]" box="[178,362,1244,1268]" pageId="16" pageNumber="21">
<figureCitation id="96CD2A04FFDF8D1DFF09FB0AEEC0D7E8" box="[178,242,1244,1264]" captionStart="Abb" captionStartId="67.[178,221,1452,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-1@66.[201,1567,443,1350]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="Abb. 6-9: (6) Andrena clarkella (KIRBY 1802) 3, Oberösterreich, Gaflenz, Kleingschnaid, 620m, N47.54.51 E14.41.53, 31.3.2005. (7) Andrena barbilabris (KIRBY 1802) 3, Kärnten, Ufer der Gail südlich Arnoldstein, 530m, N46.34.21 E13.43.46, 23.4.1997. (8) Halictus tectus RADOSZKOWSKI 1875 ♀, Südtirol, Schlanders, 900m, N46.38.03 E10.45.58, 19.6.2009. (9) Halictus confusus perkinsi BLÜTHGEN 1926 ♀, Oberösterreich, Plesching östlich Linz, 17.5.1979, alle leg. Ebmer, Andrena det. F. Gusenleitner, Halictus det. Ebmer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4525920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4525920/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="21">Abb. 9</figureCitation>
,
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDF8D1DFF47FB09EF3DD7EC" box="[252,271,1247,1268]" pageId="16" pageNumber="21" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, Seite 77.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDF8D1DFF09FAD6EDECD676" blockId="16.[178,1086,1244,1390]" pageId="16" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDF8D1DFF09FAD6EF5AD60E" authorityName="SMITH" authorityYear="1853" box="[178,360,1280,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDF8D1DFF09FAD6EF5AD60E" box="[178,360,1280,1302]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="21">Halictus confusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ist über die ganze gemässigte und kühl-gemässigte Zone der Holarktis verbreitet, jedoch sehr lokal, weil als Nistsubstrat sandige Böden bevorzugt werden. Zum Unterschied von voriger Art ist
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDF8D1DFE43FAEAEC5DD649" authorityName="SMITH" authorityYear="1853" box="[504,623,1339,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDF8D1DFE43FAEAEC5DD649" box="[504,623,1339,1361]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="21">H. confusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in eine Reihe klar definierter geographischer Subspezies gegliedert – für Europa die Verbreitungskarte in
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFDF8D1DFCACFA8FEDE8D676" author="EBMER A" box="[791,986,1368,1390]" pageId="16" pageNumber="21" pagination="323 - 375" refId="ref34243" refString="EBMER A. W. (1988 a): Die europaischen Arten der Gattungen Halictus LATREILLE 1804 und Lasioglossum CURTIS 1833 mit illustrierten Bestimmungstabellen (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae: Halictinae). 2. Die Untergattung Seladonia ROBERTSON 1918. - Senckenbergiana biol. (1987) 68: 323 - 375." type="journal article" year="1988">EBMER 1988a: 369</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDF8D1CFF09FAABEF52D214" blockId="16.[178,1085,1405,1598]" lastBlockId="17.[178,1085,218,268]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="16" pageNumber="21">
In Europa in der Unterart
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDF8D1DFE05FAA8EFC2D68B" box="[446,496,1406,1427]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="21">H. c.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDF8D1DFE4CFAABECCAD68B" authority="BLUTHGEN 1926" authorityName="BLUTHGEN" authorityYear="1926" box="[503,760,1405,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perkinsi">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDF8D1DFE4CFAABEC7AD68B" box="[503,584,1405,1427]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="21">perkinsi</emphasis>
BLÜTHGEN 1926
</taxonomicName>
lokal verbreitet, und soweit ich die Fundorte selbst kenne, ausschliesslich auf Sandböden zu finden. Nach Norden in
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDF8D1DFF09FA60EF28D6D4" box="[178,282,1462,1484]" name="Sweden" pageId="16" pageNumber="21">Schweden</collectingCountry>
bisher nur im Süden von
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDF8D1DFD95FA60EC5CD6D4" box="[558,622,1462,1484]" country="Sweden" name="Skane" pageId="16" pageNumber="21">Skane</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDF8D1DFDC0FA60ECF9D6D4" box="[635,715,1462,1484]" country="Sweden" name="Halland" pageId="16" pageNumber="21">Halland</collectingRegion>
und Öland gemeldet (
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFDF8D1DFC0CFA60EF01D6F0" author="SVENSSON B &amp; ERLANDSSON S" pageId="16" pageNumber="21" pagination="47 - 52" refId="ref38357" refString="SVENSSON B. G., ERLANDSSON S. &amp; L. - A. JANZON (1990): Catalogus Insectorum Sueciae. Hymenoptera, Apoidea. 2. Andrenidae and Halictidae. - Ent. Tidskr. 111: 47 - 52." type="journal article" year="1990">SVENSSON et al. 1990: 49</bibRefCitation>
), nun auch nördlicher in Upland gefunden (Ekerö W
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDF8D1DFCD5FA04EDECD6F0" box="[878,990,1490,1512]" country="Sweden" name="Stockholm" pageId="16" pageNumber="21">Stockholm</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate id="6BC25046FFDF8D1DFC50FA04EA0BD6F0" box="[1003,1081,1490,1512]" degrees="59.20" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="21" precision="555" value="59.2">N59.20</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="7A481041FFDF8D1DFF09FA39EF28D51D" box="[178,282,1519,1541]" pageId="16" pageNumber="21" value="1986-07-17">17.7.1986</date>
,
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDF8D1DFE90FA39EF7FD512" box="[299,333,1519,1546]" pageId="16" pageNumber="21" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
13, leg. Norén). Nördlicher in
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDF8D1DFD17FA39ED3BD51D" box="[684,777,1519,1541]" name="Finland" pageId="16" pageNumber="21">Finnland</collectingCountry>
, bis Savonia borealis,
<geoCoordinate id="6BC25046FFDF8D1DFBBCFA39EA0FD51D" box="[1031,1085,1518,1541]" degrees="63" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="21" precision="55555" value="63.0">
N63
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDF8D1DFB88FA38EA0FD51D" box="[1075,1085,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="21">°</emphasis>
</geoCoordinate>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFDF8D1DFF02F9DDEF4BD539" author="ELFVING R" box="[185,377,1547,1569]" pageId="16" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 69" refId="ref34990" refString="ELFVING R. (1968): Die Bienen Finnlands. - Fauna fenn. 21: 1 - 69." type="journal article" year="1968">ELFVING 1968: 29</bibRefCitation>
). In Südeuropa bis zum südlichen Rand der Pyrenäen, Stip in Makedonien und Erzurum in der SE-Türkei. Vom südlichen
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDF8D1DFD5FF9FEED0AD526" box="[740,824,1576,1598]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="21">England</collectingCountry>
nach Osten bis zum Ural nachgewiesen. Fehlt in Zentralasien. Aus dem südlichen Sibiren wohl nur eine Lücke in den Nachweisen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDE8D1CFF09FECAEC3FD29E" blockId="17.[178,1085,283,390]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFF09FECAEF0FD229" box="[178,317,283,305]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. c. alpinus</emphasis>
ALFKEN 1907, in den Alpen, mit vielfachen Übergängen zur ssp.
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFBB3FECAEF31D255" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. c. perkinsi</emphasis>
, südlich bis in die Seealpen und
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDE8D1CFDE8FEE1EC8BD255" box="[595,697,311,333]" country="Italy" name="Abruzzo" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">Abruzzen</collectingRegion>
. Diese Unterart habe ich nicht nur auf Sandböden gefunden, sondern auch auf fein grusigem Kalkgrund, in dem möglicherweise die Nester angelegt werden.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDE8D1CFF09FE40ECEED121" blockId="17.[178,1085,405,569]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFF09FE40EF76D2B3" box="[178,324,405,427]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. c. glacialis</emphasis>
EBMER 1979, auffällig durch die blaugrüne Färbung von Kopf und Thorax, schneeweisse Tergitbinden und zerstreut punktierte Tergite, nur durch das 3-Genital als Unterart zu
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDE8D1CFEEDFE19EFE2D2FC" authorityName="SMITH" authorityYear="1853" box="[342,464,462,484]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFEEDFE19EFE2D2FC" box="[342,464,462,484]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. confusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
zu stellen, von der Sierra de Guadarrama westlich
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDE8D1CFC48FE18EA0FD2FC" box="[1011,1085,462,484]" country="Spain" name="Madrid" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">Madrid</collectingRegion>
beschrieben, nun auch weiter in Iberien gefunden: In
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDE8D1CFD51FE3CED09D118" box="[746,827,490,512]" name="Spain" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">Spanien</collectingCountry>
in der Sierra de Gredos und nördlich davon in León, Pto. Manzanal. In
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDE8D1CFD23FDD1ECDCD105" box="[664,750,519,541]" name="Portugal" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">Portugal</collectingCountry>
im Norden in der Provinz
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDE8D1CFBBAFDD1EA0FD104" box="[1025,1085,519,540]" country="Portugal" name="Braga" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">Braga</collectingRegion>
sowie im Süden an vielen Plätzen der Serra da Estrela.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDE8D1CFF09FD9FECB2D18F" blockId="17.[178,1085,584,663]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFF09FD9FEF70D146" box="[178,322,584,606]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. c. pelagius</emphasis>
EBMER 1996, in der Ostpaläarktis, von der
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDE8D1CFCB3FD9EED58D146" box="[776,874,584,606]" name="Mongolia" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">Mongolei</collectingCountry>
bis zum Russischen Fernen Osten, nördlich bis Magadan, Kurileninsel Kunashir, nach Südosten in
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDE8D1CFC5FFDB2EA12D162" box="[996,1056,612,634]" name="China" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">China</collectingCountry>
in der Provinz
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDE8D1CFE95FD57EF4DD18F" box="[302,383,641,663]" country="China" name="Shaanxi" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">Shaanxi</collectingRegion>
und Region von
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDE8D1CFD95FD57EC4ED18F" box="[558,636,641,663]" country="China" name="Beijing" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">Beijing</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDE8D1CFF09FD70EF43D1CF" blockId="17.[178,1084,677,728]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFF09FD70EED7D1A3" box="[178,229,678,699]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. c.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDE8D1CFF55FD73EFFDD1A3" authority="SMITH 1853" authorityName="SMITH" authorityYear="1853" box="[238,463,677,699]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFF55FD73EF74D1A3" box="[238,326,677,699]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">confusus</emphasis>
SMITH 1853
</taxonomicName>
, in der Nearktis von
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDE8D1CFD14FD73ECC7D1A3" box="[687,757,677,699]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">Alaska</collectingRegion>
bis
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDE8D1CFC9FFD73ED42D1A3" box="[804,880,677,699]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">Florida</collectingRegion>
, westlich bis Nord- Dakota und
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDE8D1CFE95FD14EF5CD1CF" box="[302,366,706,727]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">Texas</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDE8D1CFF09FD31EFA2D02D" blockId="17.[178,1085,742,821]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFF09FD31EF5DD1E4" box="[178,367,742,764]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. c. arapahonum</emphasis>
COCKERELL 1906, im Westen der Nearktis, von Britisch Columbien über Nord-Dakota bis Neu
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDE8D1CFE6FFCD5EC14D001" box="[468,550,771,793]" name="Mexico" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">Mexiko</collectingCountry>
. Unterscheidet sich von der Stammform nur durch breitere Tergitbinden.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDE8D1CFF09FC95ECD3D041" blockId="17.[178,737,835,857]" box="[178,737,835,857]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">
Erkennen der Art als holarktisch:
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFDE8D1CFDB3FC92ECECD041" author="EBMER A" box="[520,734,835,857]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" pagination="393 - 405" refId="ref34136" refString="EBMER A. W. (1976 b): Liste der mitteleuropaischen Halictus - und Lasioglossum - Arten. - Linzer biol. Beitr. 8: 393 - 405." type="journal article" year="1976">EBMER (1976b: 397)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDE8D1CFF09FCBEEF8AD0AF" blockId="17.[178,1086,872,951]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">
Auf die holarktische Verbreitung habe ich erstmals in einer kurzen Notiz (
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFDE8D1CFC1CFCBEEEEBD082" author="EBMER A" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" pagination="393 - 405" refId="ref34136" refString="EBMER A. W. (1976 b): Liste der mitteleuropaischen Halictus - und Lasioglossum - Arten. - Linzer biol. Beitr. 8: 393 - 405." type="journal article" year="1976">EBMER 1976b: 397</bibRefCitation>
) hingewiesen, dann ein ausführliches Artprofil mit Merkmalsuntersuchung publiziert (
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFDE8D1CFF02FC77EF9FD0AF" author="EBMER A" box="[185,429,929,951]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" pagination="323 - 375" refId="ref34243" refString="EBMER A. W. (1988 a): Die europaischen Arten der Gattungen Halictus LATREILLE 1804 und Lasioglossum CURTIS 1833 mit illustrierten Bestimmungstabellen (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae: Halictinae). 2. Die Untergattung Seladonia ROBERTSON 1918. - Senckenbergiana biol. (1987) 68: 323 - 375." type="journal article" year="1988">EBMER 1988a: 367-370</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDE8D1CFF09FC13EA3FD772" blockId="17.[178,1086,965,1130]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">
Die Nähe von
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDE8D1CFEE2FC10EFE4D0C3" authorityName="SMITH" authorityYear="1853" box="[345,470,965,987]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFEE2FC10EFE4D0C3" box="[345,470,965,987]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. confusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, noch unter dem Synonym
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDE8D1CFCB4FC10ED82D0C3" box="[783,944,965,987]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="provancheri">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFCB4FC10ED82D0C3" box="[783,944,965,987]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. provancheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
D.T., zu
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDE8D1CFB9FFC10EF13D0E0" baseAuthorityName="LINNAEUS" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumulorum">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFB9FFC10EF13D0E0" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. tumulorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, erkannte schon
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFDE8D1CFE75FC35EC8FD0E0" author="BLUTHGEN P" box="[462,701,994,1016]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" pagination="385 - 419" refId="ref33265" refString="BLUTHGEN P. (1925): Beitrage zur Synonymie der Bienengattung Halictus LATR. IV. - Dt. ent. Z. 1925: 385 - 419." type="journal article" year="1925">BLÜTHGEN (1925: 390)</bibRefCitation>
, sowie den klaren Unterschied in den Gonostyli, damals noch Lacinia genannt. Zugleich stellt er fest, dass &quot;die Lacinia wie bei
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDE8D1CFF09FBCAEF12D729" box="[178,288,1051,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFF09FBCAEF12D729" box="[178,288,1051,1073]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. flavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
F. 3 gebildet ist&quot;, den damals für
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDE8D1CFD3EFBCAECC4D729" authorityName="BLUTHGEN" authorityYear="1926" box="[645,758,1051,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perkinsi">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFD3EFBCAECC4D729" box="[645,758,1051,1073]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. perkinsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
verwendeten Namen. Es ist mir in der Rückschau unerklärlich, warum nicht schon Blüthgen die Konspezifität von
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDE8D1CFB9FFBEEEF31D772" authorityName="BLUTHGEN" authorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perkinsi">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFB9FFBEEEF31D772" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. perkinsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDE8D1CFE9CFB83EFA7D772" box="[295,405,1108,1130]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFE9CFB83EFA7D772" box="[295,405,1108,1130]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. flavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
auctorum) und
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDE8D1CFD8EFB83EC9FD772" authorityName="SMITH" authorityYear="1853" box="[565,685,1108,1130]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFD8EFB83EC9FD772" box="[565,685,1108,1130]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. confusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(syn.
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDE8D1CFD57FB83EDB7D772" box="[748,901,1108,1130]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="provancheri">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFD57FB83EDB7D772" box="[748,901,1108,1130]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. provancheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) erkannt hat.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDE8D1CFF09FBAFEDF4D6B3" blockId="17.[178,1086,1144,1451]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDE8D1CFF09FBAFEF19D796" authorityName="SMITH" authorityYear="1853" box="[178,299,1144,1166]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFF09FBAFEF19D796" box="[178,299,1144,1166]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. confusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gehört zur
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDE8D1CFE1DFBAFEC05D796" baseAuthorityName="LINNAEUS" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[422,567,1144,1166]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumulorum">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFE1DFBAFEC05D796" box="[422,567,1144,1166]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. tumulorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-Artengruppe, von der fast alle Arten paläarktisch verbreitet sind. In der Nearktis gibt es neben
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDE8D1CFD32FB40ED30D7B3" authorityName="SMITH" authorityYear="1853" box="[649,770,1173,1195]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFD32FB40ED30D7B3" box="[649,770,1173,1195]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. confusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nur eine weitere Art, die vielleicht zur
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDE8D1CFEA0FB64EF99D7DF" baseAuthorityName="LINNAEUS" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[283,427,1201,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumulorum">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFEA0FB64EF99D7DF" box="[283,427,1201,1223]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. tumulorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-Gruppe zu stellen ist,
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDE8D1CFD21FB64ED15D7DF" authorityName="COCKERELL" authorityYear="1901" box="[666,807,1201,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgatellus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFD21FB64ED15D7DF" box="[666,807,1201,1223]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. virgatellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Analog zu
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDE8D1CFC11FB64EA0FD7DF" baseAuthorityName="CHRIST" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[938,1085,1201,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubicundus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFC11FB64EA0FD7DF" box="[938,1085,1201,1223]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. rubicundus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vermute ich wegen des Zentrums der Artengruppe in der Paläarktis, dass auch
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDE8D1CFB9FFB19EF38D618" authorityName="SMITH" authorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFB9FFB19EF38D618" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. confusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
über die Beringia in die Nearktis eingewandert ist. Unter der Annahme einer annähernd gleichen Geschwindigkeit der Evolution geschah die Ausbreitung von
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDE8D1CFB9FFADEEF38D621" authorityName="SMITH" authorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFB9FFADEEF38D621" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. confusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
aus Asien nach Westen bis Iberien und nach Osten die Einwanderung in die Nearktis schon früher als bei
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDE8D1CFE57FA97ECB2D64E" baseAuthorityName="CHRIST" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[492,640,1344,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubicundus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFE57FA97ECB2D64E" box="[492,640,1344,1366]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. rubicundus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, wie die vielfachen Unterarten nahelegen. Gerade die bedeutende Abweichung von
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFDD9FA8BECC4D66A" box="[610,758,1372,1394]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. c. glacialis</emphasis>
weist auf ein frühes iberisches Refugium hin, und die in ihrer Abgrenzung noch schwankende
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFCF1FAACEDE3D697" box="[842,977,1401,1423]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. c. alpinus</emphasis>
zeigt eine deutlich jüngere Trennung von
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFE4AFA40EC4BD6B3" box="[497,633,1429,1451]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. c. perkinsi</emphasis>
mit Refugien südlich der Alpen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDE8D1CFF09FA6CEF42D559" blockId="17.[178,1086,1466,1601]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">
Nach den wenigen taxonomischen Merkmalen sind die beiden nearktischen Unterarten in beiden Geschlechtern durch das etwas kürzere und breitere Propodeum einander näher stehend und damit von den paläarktischen Unterarten getrennt. Es ist daher nicht so, dass die ostpaläarktische
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFE3AF9C6EC3CD53D" box="[385,526,1551,1573]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. c. pelagius</emphasis>
taxonomisch näher stünde der westlichen nearktischen
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDE8D1CFF09F9FAEF58D559" box="[178,362,1579,1601]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="22">H. c. arapahonum</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDD8D1FFF09FF0DEF40D216" blockId="18.[178,1085,219,270]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">
Die Arten der
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDD8D1FFEF6FF0DEC29D3E9" baseAuthorityName="LINNAEUS" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[333,539,219,241]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumulorum">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDD8D1FFEF6FF0DEC29D3E9" box="[333,539,219,241]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Halictus tumulorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-Gruppe sind bis auf eine fragliche Ausnahme paläarktisch verbreitet:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDD8D1FFF09FECBEA2DD2DD" blockId="18.[178,1085,285,453]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDD8D1FFF09FECBEF4DD22B" baseAuthorityName="LINNAEUS" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[178,383,285,307]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumulorum">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDD8D1FFF09FECBEF4DD22B" box="[178,383,285,307]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Halictus tumulorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDD8D1FFE33FECBEC81D22B" authority="(LINNAEUS 1758)" baseAuthorityName="LINNAEUS" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[392,691,285,307]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumulorum">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDD8D1FFE33FECBEFC5D22B" box="[392,503,285,307]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">tumulorum</emphasis>
(LINNAEUS 1758)
</taxonomicName>
, westpaläarktisch – Verbreitungskarte bei
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFDD8D1FFF6CFEEDEFABD248" author="EBMER A" box="[215,409,314,336]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" pagination="323 - 375" refId="ref34243" refString="EBMER A. W. (1988 a): Die europaischen Arten der Gattungen Halictus LATREILLE 1804 und Lasioglossum CURTIS 1833 mit illustrierten Bestimmungstabellen (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae: Halictinae). 2. Die Untergattung Seladonia ROBERTSON 1918. - Senckenbergiana biol. (1987) 68: 323 - 375." type="journal article" year="1988">EBMER 1988a: 365</bibRefCitation>
, mit den lokalen Unterarten
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDD8D1FFD00FEEDED29D248" box="[699,795,315,336]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">H. t. oros</emphasis>
EBMER
<quantity id="C90E9B64FFDD8D1FFCCBFEECED8FD248" box="[880,957,314,336]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.04952" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" unit="in" value="1988.0">1988 in</quantity>
den griechischen Gebirgen und der Krim, durch längeres Gesicht unterscheidbar, sowie
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDD8D1FFC7DFE8FEA0FD276" box="[966,1085,344,366]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">H. t. kyrnos</emphasis>
EBMER 1988 aus
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDD8D1FFED4FEA3EF8DD293" box="[367,447,373,395]" name="France" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Korsika</collectingCountry>
mit auffallenden taxonomischen Unterschieden in Skulptur, Gesichtslänge und der stahlblaugrauen Färbung, die damit an zentralasiatische Arten erinnert, wohl ein Zeichen einer schon längeren Isolation in einer früheren Glazialzeit.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDD8D1FFF09FE03EF7ED178" blockId="18.[178,1086,469,608]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">
Nach Osten zu gibt es bei
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDD8D1FFE73FE00EC5FD2F3" box="[456,621,469,491]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">H. t. tumulorum</emphasis>
eine breite und mosaikartige Übergangszone von Sibirien, Gebiet von Krasnojarsk bis in die Mandschurei, zur ostpaläarktischen
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDD8D1FFBABFE25EECED13D" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">H. t. higashi</emphasis>
SAKAGAMI &amp; EBMER 1979. Diese ist in der Ostpaläarktis weit verbreitet, nach Norden bis in die Region Magadan, in
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDD8D1FFD87FDFBEC44D15A" box="[572,630,557,578]" name="Japan" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Japan</collectingCountry>
auf
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDD8D1FFD18FDFBED35D15B" box="[675,775,557,579]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
und Honshu, südlich in
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDD8D1FFC44FDFBEA0FD15A" box="[1023,1085,557,578]" name="South Korea" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Korea</collectingCountry>
und NE-China.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDD8D1FFF09FDB9EDF4D000" blockId="18.[178,1085,623,792]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">
Neuerdings publizierte
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFDD8D1FFE18FDA6EC44D19D" author="PESENKO Yu" box="[419,630,623,645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" pagination="53 - 82" refId="ref37030" refString="PESENKO Yu. A. (2006): Contributions to the Halictid Fauna of the Eastern Palaearctic Region: Genus Seladonia Robertson (Hymenoptera: Halictidae, Halictinae). - Esakia 46: 53 - 82." type="journal article" year="2006">PESENKO (2006: 70)</bibRefCitation>
, dass
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDD8D1FFD0CFDB9EDB1D19D" box="[695,899,623,645]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDD8D1FFD0CFDB9ED3FD19D" box="[695,781,623,645]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Halictus</taxonomicName>
ferripennis
</emphasis>
COCKERELL 1929 der ältere Name für die ostpaläarktische Subspezies
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDD8D1FFD6CFD5AED13D1BA" box="[727,801,652,674]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">higashi</emphasis>
sei, weil der locus typicus von
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDD8D1FFF5AFD7DEF43D1D8" box="[225,369,682,704]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">H. ferripennis</emphasis>
&quot;Smolenschina&quot; = Smolenskoe, 10kmSW
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDD8D1FFC95FD7CED44D1D8" box="[814,886,682,704]" country="Russia" name="Irkutsk" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Irkutsk</collectingRegion>
ist. Hier käme nur mehr die östliche Subspezies vor und daher synonymisiert Pesenko nur wegen seiner Kenntnis der Verbreitung
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDD8D1FFE06FD33EC0ED1E2" box="[445,572,740,762]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">H. t. higashi</emphasis>
zu
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDD8D1FFDDAFD33ED31D1E2" box="[609,771,740,762]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">H. t. ferripennis</emphasis>
. Liest man seinen langen Text genau durch, wird ersichtlich, dass PESENKO den
<typeStatus id="D14D8823FFDD8D1FFD1DFCD4ECD7D00F" box="[678,741,770,791]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Typus</typeStatus>
gar nicht studiert hat!
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDD8D1FFF09FCF1ED70D73F" blockId="18.[178,1085,807,1063]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">
Entsprechend der Typenuntersuchung
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDD8D1FFDF3FCF1ED2AD025" box="[584,792,807,829]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDD8D1FFDF3FCF1ECACD025" box="[584,670,807,829]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Halictus</taxonomicName>
ferripennis
</emphasis>
,
<typeStatus id="D14D8823FFDD8D1FFC91FCFEED5BD025" box="[810,873,808,829]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Typus</typeStatus>
17a667 im Natural History Museum London, habe ich dieses Taxon zur westpaläarktischen Stammform
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDD8D1FFBABFC93EF13D06F" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">H. t. tumulorum</emphasis>
synonymisiert. Vor allem ist die Stärke der Mesonotumpunktierung völlig mit der europäischer Exemplare identisch, und nicht die gröbere Punktierung der östlichen Subspezies. Einziger, mir nicht relevant erscheinender Unterschied ist die etwas zerstreutere Punktierung des Endteils von Tergit 1, 10-
<quantity id="C90E9B64FFDD8D1FFCBCFC6FED66D0D7" box="[775,852,953,975]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 µm</quantity>
/0,2-2,0. Den Namen
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDD8D1FFF09FC00EF13D0F4" box="[178,289,982,1004]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">ferripennis</emphasis>
hat COCKERELL wegen der abgeflogenen, an den Rändern ausgefransten und in diesem Zustand meist rötlich-ocker verfärbten Flügel gewählt; die Tergitbinden sind beim
<typeStatus id="D14D8823FFDD8D1FFF50FBC4EF18D73F" box="[235,298,1042,1063]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Typus</typeStatus>
völlig abgeflogen und taxonomisch nicht bewertbar.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDD8D1FFF09FBE1ECD6D79F" blockId="18.[178,1085,1078,1159]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">
Es ist verführerisch, nach den loci typici Taxa bestimmten Unterarten zuzuordnen, und verständlich als Methode, wenn
<typeStatus id="D14D8823FFDD8D1FFDBFFB82EC77D771" box="[516,581,1108,1129]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Typen</typeStatus>
nicht mehr erhalten sind. Doch nichts entbindet die Untersuchung eines
<typeStatus id="D14D8823FFDD8D1FFE1DFBA4EFDAD79F" box="[422,488,1138,1159]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Typus</typeStatus>
, so dieser vorhanden ist!
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDD8D1FFF09FB40EC7BD6AC" blockId="18.[178,1086,1174,1585]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">
Aus einem analogen Beispiel kann ich nur warnen, östliche Verbreitungsgrenzen in der
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDD8D1FFF09FB65EF4ED7D1" box="[178,380,1203,1225]" country="Russia" name="Krasnoyarsk" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Region Krasnojarsk</collectingRegion>
als subspezifische Grenze transpaläarktischer Arten mit einer westlichen und östlichen Subspezies zu verstehen. Von der weit verbreiteten westpaläarktischen
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDD8D1FFF48FB38EC09D61C" authority="SMITH 1848" authorityName="SMITH" authorityYear="1848" box="[243,571,1262,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDD8D1FFF48FB38EF8AD61C" box="[243,440,1262,1284]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Halictus maculatus</emphasis>
SMITH 1848
</taxonomicName>
meldet
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFDD8D1FFD34FB39ED59D61C" author="PESENKO Yu" box="[655,875,1262,1284]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref36987" refString="PESENKO Yu. A. (2005 b): Contributions to the Halictid fauna of the Eastern Palaearctic region: Genus Halictus LATREILLE (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Halictinae). - Far Eastern Ent. 150: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="2005">PESENKO (2005b: 17)</bibRefCitation>
als östlichste Funde solche bis ins östliche Sibirien,
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDD8D1FFE45FADDEC4AD639" box="[510,632,1291,1313]" country="Russia" name="Krasnoyarsk" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Krasnojarsk</collectingRegion>
Gebiet, und zwar wie immer ohne Koordinaten – die sollen sich die Leser gefälligst selbst suchen – von Yeniseisk [
<geoCoordinate id="6BC25046FFDD8D1FFC54FAFFEA0FD627" box="[1007,1085,1321,1343]" degrees="58.27" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" precision="555" value="58.27">N58.27</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6BC25046FFDD8D1FFF09FA90EECFD644" box="[178,253,1350,1372]" degrees="92.13" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" precision="555" value="92.13">E92.13</geoCoordinate>
] und Minusinsk [
<geoCoordinate id="6BC25046FFDD8D1FFE14FA90EFCFD644" box="[431,509,1350,1372]" degrees="53.43" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" precision="555" value="53.43">N53.43</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6BC25046FFDD8D1FFDBFFA90EC63D644" box="[516,593,1350,1372]" degrees="91.45" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" precision="555" value="91.45">E91.45</geoCoordinate>
], und damit in den bekannten östlichen Grenzen westpaläarktischer Arten. Tatsächlich kommt
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDD8D1FFD36FAB2ED25D661" authorityName="SMITH" authorityYear="1848" box="[653,791,1379,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDD8D1FFD36FAB2ED25D661" box="[653,791,1379,1401]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">H. maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
15 Längengrade weiter östlich, bis in die baikalische Region vor: Baikalsee-Gebiet, Sarma [NE
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDD8D1FFCCEFA56EDF0D68E" box="[885,962,1408,1430]" country="Russia" name="Irkutsk" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Irkutsk</collectingRegion>
], N53.05,90 E106.50,57,
<date id="7A481041FFDD8D1FFE8FFA48EFA9D6AC" box="[308,411,1438,1460]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" value="2007-07-18">18.7.2007</date>
,
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDD8D1FFE1DFA48EFF5D6A1" box="[422,455,1438,1465]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, leg. Liebig.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46EC650AFFDD8D1EFF09FA15EF25D055" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDD8D1EFF09FA15EC2FD250" blockId="18.[178,1086,1174,1585]" lastBlockId="19.[178,1085,219,328]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDD8D1FFF09FA15EFB3D6C1" ID-CoL="3JD7H" authorityName="PEREZ" authorityYear="1903" box="[178,385,1475,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gavarnicus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDD8D1FFF09FA15EFB3D6C1" box="[178,385,1475,1497]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">Halictus gavarnicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDD8D1FFE31FA12ECB0D6C1" ID-CoL="3JD7H" authority="PEREZ 1903" authorityName="PEREZ" authorityYear="1903" box="[394,642,1475,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gavarnicus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDD8D1FFE31FA12EFC8D6C1" box="[394,506,1476,1497]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">gavarnicus</emphasis>
PÉREZ 1903
</taxonomicName>
, in den Pyrenäen und griechischen Gebirgen, Übergänge zur folgenden Subspezies in den SW-Alpen und in den Bergen Montenegros.
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDD8D1FFEBFFA28EFA8D50B" box="[260,410,1534,1555]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="23">H. g. tataricus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFDD8D1FFE19FA28EC7ED50C" author="BLUTHGEN P" box="[418,588,1534,1556]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" pagination="299 - 304" refId="ref33338" refString="BLUTHGEN P. (1933): Beitrage zur Synonymie der Bienengattung Halictus LATR. IX. - Dt. ent. Z. 1933: 299 - 304." type="journal article" year="1933">BLÜTHGEN 1933</bibRefCitation>
ist eine sehr seltene und lokale Steppenart vom Raum München (nur ein Fundort), dem Pannonicum Österreichs nach Osten bis zum Ural, südlich bis N-Griechenland, NE-Türkei und Kaukasus (loc. typ. Qusar in Azerbeidzan). Verbreitungskarte
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFDC8D1EFE6EFF2EECABD216" author="EBMER A" box="[469,665,248,270]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" pagination="323 - 375" refId="ref34243" refString="EBMER A. W. (1988 a): Die europaischen Arten der Gattungen Halictus LATREILLE 1804 und Lasioglossum CURTIS 1833 mit illustrierten Bestimmungstabellen (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae: Halictinae). 2. Die Untergattung Seladonia ROBERTSON 1918. - Senckenbergiana biol. (1987) 68: 323 - 375." type="journal article" year="1988">EBMER 1988a: 371</bibRefCitation>
. Möglicherweise gibt es noch eine unbeschriebene Unterart in der Ostpaläarktis (
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDC8D1EFDE3FEC3EC8ED233" box="[600,700,277,299]" name="Mongolia" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Mongolei</collectingCountry>
und Primorskij-Region), von der mir aber nur zwei Exemplare vorliegen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDC8D1EFF09FE8EECAAD293" blockId="19.[178,1086,344,491]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDC8D1EFF09FE8EEFD8D276" ID-CoL="3JD6Q" authority="PEREZ 1903" authorityName="PEREZ" authorityYear="1903" box="[178,490,344,366]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissidens">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDC8D1EFF09FE8EEF59D276" box="[178,363,344,366]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Halictus dissidens</emphasis>
PÉREZ 1903
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDC8D1EFE4BFE88EC37D26B" box="[496,517,350,371]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, aus &quot;Turkestan&quot; beschrieben; ich sah ausser dem
<typeStatus id="D14D8823FFDC8D1EFC45FE8EEA0FD275" box="[1022,1085,344,365]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Typus</typeStatus>
nur
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDC8D1EFF61FEADEEDDD288" box="[218,239,379,400]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
aus Kirgisien und südlichem Kazachstan.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDC8D1EFF09FE4CEA1AD2F3" blockId="19.[178,1086,344,491]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDC8D1EFF09FE4CEC0BD2A8" ID-CoL="3JDDD" authority="BLUTHGEN 1933" authorityName="BLUTHGEN" authorityYear="1933" box="[178,569,410,432]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpetraeus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDC8D1EFF09FE4CEFBBD2A8" box="[178,393,410,432]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Halictus subpetraeus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFDC8D1EFE2BFE4DEC0BD2A8" author="BLUTHGEN P" box="[400,569,410,432]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" pagination="299 - 304" refId="ref33338" refString="BLUTHGEN P. (1933): Beitrage zur Synonymie der Bienengattung Halictus LATR. IX. - Dt. ent. Z. 1933: 299 - 304." type="journal article" year="1933">BLÜTHGEN 1933</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDC8D1EFDFBFE76EC67D2AD" box="[576,597,416,437]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, vom &quot;Alai&quot;;
<materialsCitation id="BE9E3CDCFFDC8D1EFD5FFE4CEA16D2F3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3033353321" collectorName="von Jakutien" location="Altai" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="Altay" typeStatus="holotype">
ich sah ausser dem
<typeStatus id="D14D8823FFDC8D1EFC1EFE4DEDD6D2A8" box="[933,996,411,432]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Typus</typeStatus>
nur
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDC8D1EFBAFFE4CEA0CD2AD" box="[1044,1086,410,437]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
aus Kazachstan und
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDC8D1EFE39FE61EF98D2CA" box="[386,426,439,466]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
<collectorName id="A3035357FFDC8D1EFE0BFE6EEC03D2D5" box="[432,561,439,461]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">von Jakutien</collectorName>
(Tomtor und Agayakan) und ein mögliches 3 vom
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDC8D1EFF09FE03EED5D2F3" box="[178,231,469,491]" country="Russia" name="Altay" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Altai</collectingRegion>
, Aktash. Es ist möglich, dass
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDC8D1EFDAEFE00EC9CD2F3" ID-CoL="3JDDD" authorityName="BLUTHGEN" authorityYear="1933" box="[533,686,469,491]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpetraeus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDC8D1EFDAEFE00EC9CD2F3" box="[533,686,469,491]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">H. subpetraeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nur ein Synonym zu
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDC8D1EFC3CFE00EA31D2F3" ID-CoL="3JD6Q" authorityName="PEREZ" authorityYear="1903" box="[903,1027,469,491]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissidens">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDC8D1EFC3CFE00EA31D2F3" box="[903,1027,469,491]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">H. dissidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ist
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDC8D1EFF09FE2CEDE5D135" blockId="19.[178,1085,506,653]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDC8D1EFF09FE2CEC2ED108" ID-CoL="3JDBH" authority="BLUTHGEN 1933" authorityName="BLUTHGEN" authorityYear="1933" box="[178,540,506,528]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petraeus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDC8D1EFF09FE2CEF5AD108" box="[178,360,506,528]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Halictus petraeus</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="BE9E3CDCFFDC8D1EFECAFE2DEC2ED108" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3033353329" box="[369,540,506,528]" collectorName="von Tadzikistan" location="Gebirge Peter des Grossen" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFDC8D1EFECAFE2DEC2ED108" author="BLUTHGEN P" box="[369,540,506,528]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" pagination="299 - 304" refId="ref33338" refString="BLUTHGEN P. (1933): Beitrage zur Synonymie der Bienengattung Halictus LATR. IX. - Dt. ent. Z. 1933: 299 - 304." type="journal article" year="1933">BLÜTHGEN 1933</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDC8D1EFD9EFDD6EC08D10D" box="[549,570,512,533]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectorName id="A3035357FFDC8D1EFDF1FE2DECC0D108" box="[586,754,506,528]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">von Tadzikistan</collectorName>
,
<location id="0B29605AFFDC8D1EFD44FE2CEA23D108" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:865F8797FFDF8D19FF09FB62EC5BD697:0B29605AFFDC8D1EFD44FE2CEA23D108" box="[767,1041,506,528]" name="Gebirge Peter des Grossen" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Gebirge Peter des Grossen</location>
; ich sah ausser dem
<typeStatus id="D14D8823FFDC8D1EFEF1FDCEEFBBD135" box="[330,393,536,557]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Typus</typeStatus>
weitere
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDC8D1EFE5AFDCBEFC4D12A" box="[481,502,541,562]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
von verschiedenen Gebirgsorten aus Kirgisien.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDC8D1EFF09FDEBEC58D195" blockId="19.[178,1085,506,653]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDC8D1EFF09FDEBEC56D14B" ID-CoL="3JDDR" authority="BLUTHGEN 1931" authorityName="BLUTHGEN" authorityYear="1931" box="[178,612,573,595]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transbaikalensis">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDC8D1EFF09FDEBEF86D14B" box="[178,436,573,595]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Halictus transbaikalensis</emphasis>
BLÜTHGEN 1931
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDC8D1EFDD0FD95ECB2D140" box="[619,640,579,600]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, aus &quot;Südtransbaikalien&quot;;
<materialsCitation id="BE9E3CDCFFDC8D1EFC37FDEBEC57D195" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3033353315" country="Mongolia" location="Sibirien" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
das 3 wurde von mir erstmals 1982 beschrieben. Ich sah weitere
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDC8D1EFD13FDB6EC8FD16D" box="[680,701,608,629]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
aus dem östlichen
<location id="0B29605AFFDC8D1EFC30FD8CEDE9D168" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:865F8797FFDF8D19FF09FB62EC5BD697:0B29605AFFDC8D1EFC30FD8CEDE9D168" box="[907,987,602,624]" country="Mongolia" name="Sibirien" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Sibirien</location>
(Irkutsk- Region), nördliche
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDC8D1EFECDFDA1EFEAD195" box="[374,472,631,653]" name="Mongolia" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Mongolei</collectingCountry>
und N-China
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDC8D1EFF09FD4AECBDD1F5" blockId="19.[178,1087,668,749]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2EE611AFFFDC8D1EFF09FD4AECBDD1F5" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDC8D1EFF09FD4AEC0ED1AA" ID-CoL="6L9KX" authority="BLUTHGEN 1923" authorityName="BLUTHGEN" authorityYear="1923" box="[178,572,668,690]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mondaensis">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDC8D1EFF09FD4AEFBAD1AA" box="[178,392,668,690]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Halictus mondaensis</emphasis>
BLÜTHGEN 1923
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDC8D1EFDFFFD74EC6BD1AF" box="[580,601,674,695]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, das 3 von PESENKO &amp;
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDC8D1EFCDAFD4BEA26D1AA" authority="Ebmer, 2011" authorityName="Ebmer" authorityYear="2011" box="[865,1044,668,690]" genus="Davydova" pageId="19" pageNumber="62" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">DAVYDOVA 2004</taxonomicName>
beschrieben, ostpaläarktisch-kontinental, von Tuva und der nördlichen
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDC8D1EFCC3FD6CEDE8D1C8" box="[888,986,698,720]" name="Mongolia" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Mongolei</collectingCountry>
bis Jakutien und Magadan-Gebiet (
<treatmentCitation id="8F571090FFDC8D1EFE79FD01ECB6D1F5" author="PESENKO Yu" box="[450,644,727,749]" page="69" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFDC8D1EFE79FD01ECB6D1F5" author="PESENKO Yu" box="[450,644,727,749]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" pagination="53 - 82" refId="ref37030" refString="PESENKO Yu. A. (2006): Contributions to the Halictid Fauna of the Eastern Palaearctic Region: Genus Seladonia Robertson (Hymenoptera: Halictidae, Halictinae). - Esakia 46: 53 - 82." type="journal article" year="2006">PESENKO 2006: 69</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDC8D1EFF09FD2AEF25D055" blockId="19.[178,1085,764,845]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDC8D1EFF09FD2AEFD7D00A" ID-CoL="3JD8V" authority="EBMER 1975" authorityName="EBMER" authorityYear="1975" box="[178,485,764,786]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kusdasi">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDC8D1EFF09FD2AEF69D00A" box="[178,347,764,786]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Halictus kusdasi</emphasis>
EBMER 1975
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDC8D1EFE55FCD4EC31D00F" box="[494,515,770,791]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
östliche
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDC8D1EFDE4FD2AEC90D00A" box="[607,674,764,786]" name="Turkey" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Türkei</collectingCountry>
bis Mt. Hermon in
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDC8D1EFCCAFD2AED9ED00A" box="[881,940,764,786]" name="Israel" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Israel</collectingCountry>
; das 3 wurde von Warncke entdeckt und erwies
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDC8D1EFD8BFCCCEC93D028" ID-CoL="3JD8V" authorityName="EBMER" authorityYear="1975" box="[560,673,794,816]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kusdasi">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDC8D1EFD8BFCCCEC93D028" box="[560,673,794,816]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">H. kusdasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
damit zur
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDC8D1EFC9BFCCCED87D028" ID-CoL="6KXKN" baseAuthorityName="LINNAEUS" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[800,949,794,816]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumulorum">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDC8D1EFC9BFCCCED87D028" box="[800,949,794,816]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">H. tumulorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-Artengruppe gehörend.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46EC650AFFDC8D1EFF09FC8AED35D646" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" type="description">
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDC8D1EFF09FC8AED98D097" blockId="19.[178,1085,860,911]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDC8D1EFF09FC8AEC18D06A" authority="WARNCKE 1984" authorityName="WARNCKE" authorityYear="1984" box="[178,554,860,882]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clangulus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDC8D1EFF09FC8AEF47D06A" box="[178,373,860,882]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Halictus clangulus</emphasis>
WARNCKE 1984
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDC8D1EFD8EFCB4EC78D06F" box="[565,586,866,887]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, aus der östlichen und zentralen
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDC8D1EFC0CFC8AEDC8D06A" box="[951,1018,860,882]" name="Turkey" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Türkei</collectingCountry>
– die Zugehörigkeit zu dieser Artengruppe ist mangels Kenntnis des 3 unsicher.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDC8D1EFF09FC49ECADD732" blockId="19.[178,1085,927,1066]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">
Nicht gehört zur
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDC8D1EFED0FC76EFCFD0AD" baseAuthorityName="LINNAEUS" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[363,509,927,949]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumulorum">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDC8D1EFED0FC76EFCFD0AD" box="[363,509,927,949]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">H. tumulorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-Gruppe
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDC8D1EFDE7FC49EDE3D0AD" authority="BLUTHGEN 1926" authorityName="BLUTHGEN" authorityYear="1926" box="[604,977,927,949]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibetanus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDC8D1EFDE7FC49ED28D0AD" box="[604,794,927,949]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Halictus tibetanus</emphasis>
BLÜTHGEN 1926
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDC8D1EFC60FC73EDC2D0A2" box="[987,1008,933,954]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDC8D1EFBBAFC49EA0BD0AD" box="[1025,1081,927,949]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Tibet</collectingRegion>
, Gyangtse, wie ich ursprünglich nur nach Kenntnis des
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDC8D1EFD56FC14ED30D0CF" box="[749,770,962,983]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
allein mitgeteilt habe (
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFDC8D1EFC4FFC6AEF1AD0F7" author="EBMER A" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" pagination="323 - 375" refId="ref34243" refString="EBMER A. W. (1988 a): Die europaischen Arten der Gattungen Halictus LATREILLE 1804 und Lasioglossum CURTIS 1833 mit illustrierten Bestimmungstabellen (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae: Halictinae). 2. Die Untergattung Seladonia ROBERTSON 1918. - Senckenbergiana biol. (1987) 68: 323 - 375." type="journal article" year="1988">EBMER 1988a: 373</bibRefCitation>
). Durch Herrn A. Pauly, Embourg, erhielt ich ein
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDC8D1EFC9EFC09ED08D0EC" box="[805,826,991,1012]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
aus
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDC8D1EFCD2FC0FED93D0F7" box="[873,929,985,1007]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Tibet</collectingRegion>
, Lhoca und ein 3 von Datse (noch unbeschrieben), das sich durch den breit-flächigen Gonostylusanhang als zur
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDC8D1EFF40FBC3EFA5D732" authorityName="Ebmer" authorityYear="1972" box="[251,407,1044,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucaheneus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDC8D1EFF40FBC3EFA5D732" box="[251,407,1044,1066]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">H. leucaheneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-Gruppe gehörend erwies.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDC8D1EFF09FBECEC30D604" blockId="19.[178,1087,1081,1308]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">
In der Nearktis gehört vielleicht eine einzige Art in die
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDC8D1EFD49FBECEDB2D757" baseAuthorityName="LINNAEUS" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[754,896,1081,1103]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumulorum">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDC8D1EFD49FBECEDB2D757" box="[754,896,1081,1103]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">H. tumulorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-Artengruppe oder in deren Nähe:
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDC8D1EFEEFFB80ECE9D774" authority="COCKERELL 1901" authorityName="COCKERELL" authorityYear="1901" box="[340,731,1110,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgatellus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDC8D1EFEEFFB80EC2CD774" box="[340,542,1110,1132]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Halictus virgatellus</emphasis>
COCKERELL 1901
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDC8D1EFD5FFB8AECCBD769" box="[740,761,1116,1137]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
3, in den Gebirgen im Westen der Nearktis verbreitet, von den
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDC8D1EFE44FBA2ECE9D792" box="[511,731,1140,1162]" country="Canada" name="Northwest Territories" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Northwest Territories</collectingRegion>
und
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDC8D1EFCB4FBA2ED8DD792" box="[783,959,1140,1162]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
nach Süden bis
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDC8D1EFF6CFB44EF52D7BF" box="[215,352,1169,1191]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">New Mexico</collectingRegion>
. Im
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDC8D1EFE2BFB41EF97D7B4" box="[400,421,1175,1196]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
wirkt
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDC8D1EFE50FB44EC45D7BF" authorityName="COCKERELL" authorityYear="1901" box="[491,631,1169,1191]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgatellus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDC8D1EFE50FB44EC45D7BF" box="[491,631,1169,1191]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">H. virgatellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
wie eine kurzgesichtige
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDC8D1EFCC3FB44EDC4D7BF" authorityName="PEREZ" authorityYear="1903" box="[888,1014,1169,1191]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissidens">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDC8D1EFCC3FB44EDC4D7BF" box="[888,1014,1169,1191]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">H. dissidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Im 3 durch die langen Fühler und dem basalen Eindruck von Sternit 6 bestehen Hinweise zur
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDC8D1EFF09FB1AEF73D7F9" baseAuthorityName="LINNAEUS" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[178,321,1227,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumulorum">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDC8D1EFF09FB1AEF73D7F9" box="[178,321,1227,1249]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">H. tumulorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-Gruppe, durch den unbehaarten, ganz schmal spatelförmigen Gonostylusfortsatz und den breit-flächigen Nebenanhang des Gonostylus vielleicht an den Rand der
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDC8D1EFF09FAD1EF72D604" baseAuthorityName="LINNAEUS" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[178,320,1286,1308]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumulorum">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDC8D1EFF09FAD1EF72D604" box="[178,320,1286,1308]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">H. tumulorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-Gruppe zu stellen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDC8D1EFF09FAFDED35D646" blockId="19.[178,1085,1323,1375]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">
Alle anderen
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDC8D1EFEFBFAFDEC26D659" authority="" box="[320,532,1323,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Seladonia">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDC8D1EFEFBFAFDEFA4D659" box="[320,406,1323,1345]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Halictus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDC8D1EFE1CFAFDEC3ED659" box="[423,524,1323,1345]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Seladonia</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
-Arten der Neuen Welt sind ganz eigenständige Formen und haben mit den paläarktischen Arten nichts zu tun:
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46EC650AFFDC8D19FF09FABBED9FD159" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDC8D19FF09FABBED9DD231" blockId="19.[178,1085,1389,1582]" lastBlockId="20.[178,1085,218,297]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDC8D1EFF09FABBEC04D69B" ID-CoL="3JDDX" authority="COCKERELL 1895" authorityName="COCKERELL" authorityYear="1895" box="[178,566,1389,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripartitus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDC8D1EFF09FABBEF45D69B" box="[178,375,1389,1411]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Halictus tripartitus</emphasis>
COCKERELL 1895
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDC8D1EFD85FAA5EC61D690" box="[574,595,1395,1416]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
[ich kenne auch das 3, aber mir ist eine ausdrückliche Beschreibung durch amerikanische Kollegen nicht bekannt], eine Art der westlichen Nearktis, von Idaho bis
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDC8D1EFD8BFA70EC4FD6A4" box="[560,637,1446,1468]" name="Mexico" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDC8D1EFD34FA70ED01D6A4" box="[655,819,1446,1468]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Baja California</collectingRegion>
) und Texas, passt im
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDC8D1EFB93FA7AEA0FD6D9" box="[1064,1085,1452,1473]" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
durch das querovale Gesicht so gar nicht in die
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDC8D1EFD2EFA12ED11D6C1" ID-CoL="6KXKN" baseAuthorityName="LINNAEUS" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[661,803,1475,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumulorum">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDC8D1EFD2EFA12ED11D6C1" box="[661,803,1475,1497]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">H. tumulorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-Gruppe. Im 3 erinnern die langen Fühler und der basale Eindruck auf Sternit 6 zwar an die
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDC8D1EFCEFFA36EDD0D6ED" ID-CoL="6KXKN" baseAuthorityName="LINNAEUS" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[852,994,1503,1525]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumulorum">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDC8D1EFCEFFA36EDD0D6ED" box="[852,994,1503,1525]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">H. tumulorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-Gruppe, doch der Gonostylus erinnert im Bauplan an die
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDC8D1EFD00FA2BED78D50A" ID-CoL="3JDCV" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1794" box="[699,842,1532,1554]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seladonius">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDC8D1EFD00FA2BED78D50A" box="[699,842,1532,1554]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">H. seladonius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-Gruppe – ein weiteres Beispiel,
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDC8D1EFEAFF9CEEF4BD536" box="[276,377,1560,1582]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="24">Seladonia</emphasis>
als Untergattung zu belassen und Artengruppen zur verwenden, die verschiedene Übergangsarten aufweisen können, statt
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FD5BFF0CED77D3E8" box="[736,837,218,240]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Seladonia</emphasis>
zur Gattung zu erheben und
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FF59FF20EF75D214" box="[226,327,246,268]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Seladonia</emphasis>
in eine Reihe von Untergattungen zu splittern, wie es jüngst
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFDB8D19FC5BFF21EEC7D231" author="PESENKO Yu" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" pagination="53 - 82" refId="ref37030" refString="PESENKO Yu. A. (2006): Contributions to the Halictid Fauna of the Eastern Palaearctic Region: Genus Seladonia Robertson (Hymenoptera: Halictidae, Halictinae). - Esakia 46: 53 - 82." type="journal article" year="2006">PESENKO (2006)</bibRefCitation>
tat, viel mehr Aufsplitterung als durch
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFDB8D19FD3EFEC2ED0AD231" author="MITCHELL T" box="[645,824,275,297]" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref36354" refString="MITCHELL T. B. (1960): Bees of the Eastern United States, Vol. I. - North Carolina Agr. Exp. St., Tech. Bul. 141: 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="1960">MITCHELL (1960)</bibRefCitation>
geschehen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDB8D19FF09FEE1EF5DD2BB" blockId="20.[178,1085,311,419]" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDB8D19FF09FEE1EC0CD255" ID-CoL="6L9LG" authority="SANDHOUSE 1941" authorityName="SANDHOUSE" authorityYear="1941" box="[178,574,311,333]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harmonius">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FF09FEE1EF4FD255" box="[178,381,311,333]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Halictus harmonius</emphasis>
SANDHOUSE 1941
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDB8D19FDFDFEEBEC69D24A" box="[582,603,317,338]" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, eine winzige Art aus dem südlichen
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDB8D19FC57FEE1EED2D272" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Kalifornien</collectingRegion>
, ist in den taxonomischen Merkmalen völlig isoliert. Die auffällige Kastenbildung der
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDB8D19FF61FEA0EEDDD293" box="[218,239,374,395]" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
und das 3 neu mit einem ganz eigentümlichen Genital beschrieben jüngst JANJIC &amp; PACKER (2001).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDB8D19FF09FE67EDA7D104" blockId="20.[178,1085,433,577]" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDB8D19FF09FE67ECA8D2DF" ID-CoL="3JDBP" authority="JANJIC &amp; PACKER 2001" authorityName="JANJIC &amp; PACKER" authorityYear="2001" box="[178,666,433,455]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinguismentus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FF09FE67EF93D2DF" box="[178,417,433,455]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Halictus pinguismentus</emphasis>
JANJIC &amp; PACKER 2001
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDB8D19FD1FFE61EC8BD2D4" box="[676,697,439,460]" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, von der
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDB8D19FCA7FE67EDFDD2DF" box="[796,975,433,455]" name="Guadeloupe Insel" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Guadeloupe Insel</collectingCountry>
im Pazifischen Ozean zeigt eine makrocephale Schläfenbildung, wie sie vielfach bei den Arten der
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDB8D19FF09FE3CEFFAD118" ID-CoL="3SF2N" baseAuthorityName="Schenck" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[178,456,490,512]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Lasioglossum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexstrigatum">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FF09FE3CEFFAD118" box="[178,456,490,512]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Lasioglossum sexstrigatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-Gruppe
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDB8D19FD9DFE26EC09D11D" box="[550,571,496,517]" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
auftritt, und bei
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDB8D19FD48FE3CEDFBD118" authority="" box="[755,969,490,512]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Seladonia">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FD48FE3CED7BD118" box="[755,841,490,512]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Halictus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FCE7FE3CEDF3D118" box="[860,961,490,512]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Seladonia</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
bisher nur bei
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDB8D19FF6CFDD1EC7FD105" ID-CoL="6L9MB" authority="BLUTHGEN 1933" authorityName="BLUTHGEN" authorityYear="1933" box="[215,589,519,541]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wollmanni">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FF6CFDD1EFACD105" box="[215,414,519,541]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Halictus wollmanni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFDB8D19FE1FFDD1EC7FD105" author="BLUTHGEN P" box="[420,589,519,541]" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" pagination="299 - 304" refId="ref33338" refString="BLUTHGEN P. (1933): Beitrage zur Synonymie der Bienengattung Halictus LATR. IX. - Dt. ent. Z. 1933: 299 - 304." type="journal article" year="1933">BLÜTHGEN 1933</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDB8D19FDE8FDDBEC5AD13A" box="[595,616,525,546]" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
aus Kazachstan bekannt war.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDB8D19FF09FDFDED9FD159" blockId="20.[178,1085,433,577]" box="[178,941,555,577]" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">
Aus der Neotropis sind bisher nur drei Arten
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDB8D19FDC7FDFDED7CD159" authority="" box="[636,846,555,577]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Seladonia">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FDC7FDFDECE0D159" box="[636,722,555,577]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Halictus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FD5AFDFDED74D159" box="[737,838,555,577]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Seladonia</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
bekannt:
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46EC650AFFDB8D19FF09FD86EC5BD697" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" type="description">
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDB8D19FF09FD86EA39D17E" blockId="20.[178,1087,592,1122]" box="[178,1035,592,619]" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDB8D19FF09FD86EFDBD17E" authority="SMITH 1862" authorityName="SMITH" authorityYear="1862" box="[178,489,592,614]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FF09FD86EF5AD17E" box="[178,360,592,614]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Halictus hesperus</emphasis>
SMITH 1862
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDB8D19FE54FD80EC36D173" box="[495,516,598,619]" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
3, von
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDB8D19FDE9FD86ECADD17E" box="[594,671,592,614]" name="Mexico" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Mexico</collectingCountry>
über Mittelamerika bis
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDB8D19FC29FD86EA35D17E" box="[914,1031,592,614]" name="Colombia" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Kolumbien</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDB8D19FF09FDA2ED70D076" blockId="20.[178,1087,592,1122]" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FF09FDA2EF15D192" box="[178,295,628,650]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Pachyceble</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDB8D19FE83FDA2EC3FD192" authority="MOURE 1940" authorityName="MOURE" authorityYear="1940" box="[312,525,628,650]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanei">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FE83FDA2EF59D192" box="[312,363,628,650]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">lanei</emphasis>
MOURE 1940
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDB8D19FDA4FDACEC06D197" box="[543,564,634,655]" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, loc. typ.
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDB8D19FD00FDA2ED2BD192" box="[699,793,628,650]" name="Brazil" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Brasilien</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDB8D19FC94FDA2ED5ED192" box="[815,876,628,650]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Goias</collectingRegion>
, ist eine
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDB8D19FC5CFDA2EF15D1BF" authority="" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Seladonia">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FC5CFDA2EA0FD192" box="[999,1085,628,650]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Halictus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FF01FD47EF2DD1BF" box="[186,287,657,679]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Seladonia</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
-Art, nach einer Königin mit grossem Kopf beschrieben.
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDB8D19FCD3FD47EDCAD1BF" authorityName="MOURE" authorityYear="1940" box="[872,1016,657,679]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanei">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FCD3FD47EDCAD1BF" box="[872,1016,657,679]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Halictus lanei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
wurde lange Zeit als Synonym zu
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDB8D19FE6AFD78EC7ED1DB" authorityName="SMITH" authorityYear="1862" box="[465,588,685,707]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FE6AFD78EC7ED1DB" box="[465,588,685,707]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">H. hesperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gestellt, doch beide Arten, dazu erstmals das 3 von
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDB8D19FF5AFD1CEF04D1F8" authorityName="MOURE" authorityYear="1940" box="[225,310,714,736]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanei">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FF5AFD1CEF04D1F8" box="[225,310,714,736]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">H. lanei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
wurden von JANJIC &amp; PACKER (2001) gründlich und instruktiv mit vielen Zeichnungen und Fotos beschrieben. Im Genital sind beide Arten auffällig isoliert, vor allem durch den breiten und bizarren Bau der Sagittae. Den Autoren lagen von
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDB8D19FC50FCD5EA0DD001" authorityName="MOURE" authorityYear="1940" box="[1003,1087,771,793]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanei">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FC50FCD5EA0DD001" box="[1003,1087,771,793]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">H. lanei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
neben dem
<typeStatus id="D14D8823FFDB8D19FE96FCF6EF5ED02D" box="[301,364,800,821]" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Typus</typeStatus>
einige Arbeiterinnen vor aus
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDB8D19FD10FCC9ED3BD02D" box="[683,777,799,821]" name="Brazil" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Brasilien</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDB8D19FCACFCF6ED75D02D" box="[791,839,800,821]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Para</collectingRegion>
, Conceicao do Araguia und aus
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDB8D19FEB5FCEDEF4BD049" box="[270,377,827,849]" name="Venezuela" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
je eine Arbeiterin von
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDB8D19FDCCFCEAEC97D049" box="[631,677,828,849]" country="Venezuela" name="Lara" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Lara</collectingRegion>
und
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDB8D19FD5BFCEDED1ED049" box="[736,812,827,849]" country="Venezuela" name="Merida" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Merida</collectingRegion>
. Das einzige 3 mit einer Serie von
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDB8D19FEA2FC8EEF73D06B" box="[281,321,856,883]" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" type="female">9 ♀</specimenCount>
lagen den Autoren vor aus
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDB8D19FDE2FC8EEC85D076" box="[601,695,856,878]" name="Brazil" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Brasilien</collectingCountry>
, Barra
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDB8D19FD44FC8EED0FD076" box="[767,829,856,878]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Bahia</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDB8D19FF09FCAAEDEBD0F0" blockId="20.[178,1087,592,1122]" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">
Durch Typenvergleich, von meinem zu früh verstorbenen Freund Prof. Shôichi F. Sakagami durchgeführt, kannte ich
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDB8D19FD9CFC4CEC4ED0B7" authorityName="MOURE" authorityYear="1940" box="[551,636,921,943]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanei">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FD9CFC4CEC4ED0B7" box="[551,636,921,943]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">H. lanei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
3 schon lange, habe aber zur Publikation den Kollegen in Amerika den Vortritt gelassen:
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDB8D19FD10FC63ED37D0D3" box="[683,773,949,971]" name="Bolivia" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Bolivien</collectingCountry>
, Dept.
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFDB8D19FCE9FC63EDF5D0D3" box="[850,967,949,971]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDB8D19FC6FFC63EA0FD0D3" box="[980,1085,949,971]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Ascensión</collectingCountry>
[
<geoCoordinate id="6BC25046FFDB8D19FF03FC04EF30D0F0" box="[184,258,978,1000]" degrees="15.41" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" precision="555" value="-15.41">S15.41</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6BC25046FFDB8D19FEB3FC04EF6DD0F0" box="[264,351,978,1000]" degrees="63.04" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" precision="555" value="-63.04">W63.04</geoCoordinate>
],
<quantity id="C90E9B64FFDB8D19FED4FC04EF99D0F0" box="[367,427,978,1000]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="500.0">500m</quantity>
,
<date id="7A481041FFDB8D19FE0EFC04EC69D0F0" box="[437,603,978,1000]" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" value="1963-11">November 1963</date>
,
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDB8D19FDDEFC04ECA9D0F5" box="[613,667,978,1005]" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" type="female">4♀♀</specimenCount>
und 3233 – neu für
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDB8D19FCC1FC04EDE6D0F0" box="[890,980,978,1000]" name="Bolivia" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Bolivien</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDB8D19FF09FC20ECE0D77A" blockId="20.[178,1087,592,1122]" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDB8D19FF09FC20EFC4D714" authority="FRIESE 1921" authorityName="FRIESE" authorityYear="1921" box="[178,502,1014,1036]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutescens">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FF09FC20EF5FD714" box="[178,365,1014,1036]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Halictus lutescens</emphasis>
FRIESE 1921
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDB8D19FE45FC21EC1BD709" box="[510,553,1015,1041]" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
, von
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDB8D19FDDDFC20EC81D714" box="[614,691,1014,1036]" name="Mexico" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Mexico</collectingCountry>
bis
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFDB8D19FD59FC20ED64D714" box="[738,854,1014,1036]" name="Colombia" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Kolumbien</collectingCountry>
, ist im
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFDB8D19FC1DFC2AED89D709" box="[934,955,1020,1041]" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
zwar eigenständiger gegenüber den beiden anderen neotropischen Arten, insbesonders in der granulierten, nicht gewellten Struktur des Mittelfeldes, doch im Genitalbau des 3 diesen beiden Arten anzuschliessen (WILLE &amp; MICHENER 1971).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDB8D19FF09FBA7ED0BD7E0" blockId="20.[178,1085,1136,1272]" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">
Den ursprünglich als Gattungsnamen eingeführten Namen
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FCAFFBA6EDBBD79E" box="[788,905,1136,1158]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Pachyceble</emphasis>
für eine isolierte neotropische Art nun als Untergattungsnamen für die taxonomisch völlig anders gestaltete
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDB8D19FF5AFB7CEF41D7A7" baseAuthorityName="LINNAEUS" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[225,371,1193,1215]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Halictus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumulorum">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FF5AFB7CEF41D7A7" box="[225,371,1193,1215]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">H. tumulorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-Gruppe zu verwenden, wie es jüngst
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFDB8D19FCB1FB7CED87D7A7" author="PESENKO Yu" box="[778,949,1193,1215]" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" pagination="53 - 82" refId="ref37030" refString="PESENKO Yu. A. (2006): Contributions to the Halictid Fauna of the Eastern Palaearctic Region: Genus Seladonia Robertson (Hymenoptera: Halictidae, Halictinae). - Esakia 46: 53 - 82." type="journal article" year="2006">PESENKO (2006)</bibRefCitation>
tat, entbehrt jeder vernünftigen Grundlage und ist wohl der grösste Unsinn, der in den letzten Jahrzehnten im Bereich Taxonomie der
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDB8D19FDA6FB34ECB7D7E0" box="[541,645,1250,1272]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Halictidae</taxonomicName>
publiziert wurde.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFDB8D19FF09FAD1EC5BD697" blockId="20.[178,1086,1287,1423]" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDB8D19FF09FAD1ED17D605" authority="(SCHRANK 1781)" baseAuthorityName="SCHRANK" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[178,805,1287,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Lasioglossum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucozonium" subGenus="Lasioglossum">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FF09FAD1EF0FD605" box="[178,317,1287,1309]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Lasioglossum</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FEF4FAD1EFE8D605" box="[335,474,1287,1309]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Lasioglossum</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FE57FAD1EC5ED605" box="[492,620,1287,1309]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">leucozonium</emphasis>
(SCHRANK 1781)
</taxonomicName>
ist mit sehr grosser Wahrscheinlichkeit,
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFDB8D19FEEFFAF5EDA6D621" authority="(SMITH 1848)" baseAuthorityName="SMITH" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[340,916,1315,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Lasioglossum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zonulum" subGenus="Lasioglossum">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FEEFFAF5EFEDD621" box="[340,479,1315,1337]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Lasioglossum</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FE4CFAF5ECB0D621" box="[503,642,1315,1337]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">Lasioglossum</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFDB8D19FD20FAF5ECC3D621" box="[667,753,1315,1337]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="25">zonulum</emphasis>
(SMITH 1848)
</taxonomicName>
wahrscheinlich schon im 18. oder frühen 19. Jahrhundert in die Nearktis eingeschleppt, und beide Arten werden ausführlich mit ihrer Artengruppe und Begründung für diese Meinung im Abschnitt eingeschleppter Arten behandelt.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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