202 lines
34 KiB
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202 lines
34 KiB
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<document id="209270814752B873CCE4074BA4E4EC4A" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-ZooBank="D3A2334-44D3-4ADA-AAC6-1130F3D7FD22" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1738779536232" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pinna, Mário De, Zuanon, Jansen, Py-Daniel, Lucia Rapp & Petry, Paulo" docDate="2018" docId="03FE8787D950FFEE03C2970DFB0BC86C" docLanguage="en" docName="zlx028.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 182" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Tarumaniidae Pinna, Zuanon, Py-Daniel & Petry, 2018, FAM. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="82" masterDocId="FFC7FFFFD954FFE80011957AFFB0CA05" masterDocTitle="A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="76" pageNumber="80" updateTime="1738779691674" updateUser="GgImagineBatch">
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<mods:title id="541B3560491C8A4F88AE06A64AB0D391">A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C2E03019AEE6B261EC83D7E13B3C803B">Pinna, Mário De</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="475D072DD88FA25BEA59E7ECB69DB5FD">Zuanon, Jansen</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="AC2D7EF71013E00AC78D9FEFCC12ABAE">Py-Daniel, Lucia Rapp</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="99AB25527B42FE29D8E09A444CCC4D59">Petry, Paulo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="EADBB53713BFCDD4FC025E3C0985D2C8">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A7EFAE19C1209EE95135DD36A8ED501E">
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<mods:date id="E55896C26960105330A186D6486205FC">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="27F984DF385FF78C054B94F72012BA7F" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="BF4FF36023F630FE9E1D24DFE51D071C">182</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="CA1883EDC9190DDFCF5D26AF3C2EC15B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6E6F97FA4EB607DD653725167241878B" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F3A323861C72553BB29A62E6303B2A70" type="ZooBank">D3A2334-44D3-4ADA-AAC6-1130F3D7FD22</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FE8787D950FFEE03C2970DFB0BC86C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE8787D950FFEE03C2970DFB0BC86C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE8787D950FFEE03C2970DFB0BC86C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="4" pageNumber="80">
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<subSubSection id="C34D651AD950FFEC03C2970DFABBC88A" box="[979,1291,631,655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="80" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE83691D950FFEC03C2970DFABBC88A" blockId="4.[979,1291,631,655]" box="[979,1291,631,655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="80">
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<heading id="D0A081FDD950FFEC03C2970DFABBC88A" box="[979,1291,631,655]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="80" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D12D950FFEC03C2970DFB3CC88B" authorityName="Pinna & Zuanon & Py-Daniel & Petry" authorityYear="2018" box="[979,1164,631,655]" family="Tarumaniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="family" status="fam. nov.">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D0EA04DD950FFEC03C2970DFB3CC88B" baselines="649,649" box="[979,1164,631,655]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Tarumaniidae" pageId="4" pageNumber="80">TARUMANIIDAE</smallCapsWord>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B923EA83D950FFEC04829701FABBC88A" bold="true" box="[1171,1291,631,655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="80">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21057F8D950FFEC04829701FABBC88A" box="[1171,1291,631,655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="80" rank="family">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D0EA04DD950FFEC04829701FB75C88B" baselines="649" box="[1171,1221,635,654]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="fam" pageId="4" pageNumber="80">FAM</smallCapsWord>
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.
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<smallCapsWord id="8D0EA04DD950FFEC04C29701FAB4C88B" baselines="649" box="[1235,1284,635,654]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="nov" pageId="4" pageNumber="80">NOV</smallCapsWord>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34D651AD950FFEE032A97DBFB0BC86C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="4" pageNumber="80" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE83691D950FFEC032A97DBFADCC8B3" blockId="4.[827,1388,672,694]" box="[827,1388,672,694]" pageId="4" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis id="B923EA83D950FFEC032A97DBFBF5C8B0" box="[827,1093,672,694]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="80">
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<typeStatus id="54EC8833D950FFEC032A97DBFCC0C8B3" box="[827,880,673,694]" pageId="4" pageNumber="80">Type</typeStatus>
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genus:
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D12D950FFEC03D597DAFBF5C8B0" authorityName="Pinna & Zuanon & Py-Daniel & Petry" authorityYear="2018" box="[964,1093,672,693]" family="Tarumaniidae" genus="Tarumania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Tarumania</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21057F8D950FFEC045A97DAFB1DC8B0" box="[1099,1197,672,693]" pageId="4" pageNumber="80" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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described below.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE83691D950FFEC032A97AEFB9CC90D" blockId="4.[827,1443,724,776]" pageId="4" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis id="B923EA83D950FFEC032A97AEFAB2C8EC" box="[827,1282,724,745]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="80">
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Species included:
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D12D950FFEC041D97AEFAB2C8EC" authorityName="Pinna & Zuanon & Py-Daniel & Petry" authorityYear="2018" box="[1036,1282,724,745]" family="Tarumaniidae" genus="Tarumania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walkerae" status="sp. nov.">Tarumania walkerae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21057F8D950FFEC051A97AEFAD1C8EC" box="[1291,1377,724,745]" pageId="4" pageNumber="80" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<figureCitation id="136C2A14D950FFEC056097AEFCD4C90D" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="5.[144,222,537,559]" captionStartId-1="5.[144,222,1316,1338]" captionStartId-2="5.[145,223,1805,1827]" captionTargetBox-0="[144,1424,195,497]" captionTargetBox-1="[500,1070,647,1277]" captionTargetBox-2="[385,1185,1396,1765]" captionTargetId-0="figure-27@5.[144,1424,195,497]" captionTargetId-1="figure-41@5.[471,1098,631,1277]" captionTargetId-2="figure-63@5.[385,1185,1396,1765]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="Figure 1. Tarumania walkerae gen. et sp. nov., holotype, INPA 33737." captionText-1="Figure 2. Tarumania walkerae gen. et sp. nov., holotype, INPA 33737. Dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views of head" captionText-2="Figure 3. Live specimen, juvenile, of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, MZUSP 120543, shortly after collection. Arrow shows pelvic fins in anteriorly deflected position." pageId="4" pageNumber="80">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
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) described below.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE83691D950FFEE032A965DFE8BC97B" blockId="4.[827,1444,806,1902]" lastBlockId="6.[163,780,197,894]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="4" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis id="B923EA83D950FFEC032A965DFC08C939" box="[827,952,807,828]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="80">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Distinguished from all other families of Osteichthyes by the presence of a swimbladder composed of 11 longitudinally arranged interconnected compartments extending along most of the body, immediately ventral to the vertebral column (
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<figureCitation id="136C2A14D950FFEC056496DBFCF9C9D0" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[164,1441,1501,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-678@6.[163,1443,1500,1779]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Schematic representation of swimbladder of Tarumania walkerae, based mostly on INPA 26241, 51.5-mm SL. ac, anterior swimbladder chamber; sd, sinusoid swimbladder duct. Roman numerals II–XI represent sequential swimbladder chambers." pageId="4" pageNumber="80">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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; vs. swimbladder with one or two compartments). Also unique among teleosts (except
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D12D950FFEC04FF96A4FA29C9F1" box="[1262,1433,990,1012]" family="Platytroctidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Platytroctidae</taxonomicName>
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) by the presence of reverse-imbricated scales (i.e. with free margins directed anteriorly) covering most of the head (
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<figureCitation id="136C2A14D950FFEC03A59140FC47CE55" box="[948,1015,1082,1104]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[146,225,710,732]" captionTargetBox="[416,1184,195,670]" captionTargetId="figure-601@7.[385,1185,195,671]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Tarumania walkerae, paratype, INPA 21603, lateral view of head showing reverse-imbricated scales. Specimen cleaned of superficial mucus." pageId="4" pageNumber="80">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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; vs. scales with normal imbrication throughout body and head). Further distinguished from all other Ostariophysi by having two rows of teeth on the maxilla (
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<figureCitation id="136C2A14D950FFEC042791ECFBC7CEA9" box="[1078,1143,1174,1196]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[145,225,822,844]" captionTargetBox="[153,755,196,782]" captionTargetId="figure-773@9.[149,757,195,783]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Jaws of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, INPA 25747, 151.2-mm SL, lateral view. aa, angulo-articular; den, dentary; mx, maxilla; pmx, premaxilla; ra, retroarticular." pageId="4" pageNumber="80">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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; vs. single row). Uniquely diagnosed from all other
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D12D950FFEC044691CFFAB0CECE" box="[1111,1280,1205,1227]" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Characiformes</taxonomicName>
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by each of the following characters: the numerous vertebrae (69–70; vs. 68 or fewer), pleural ribs (41–44; vs. 32 or fewer) and scales (244–267 along midlateral row and 25 rows on caudal peduncle; vs. 162 or fewer); the spatulate caudal peduncle (
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<figureCitation id="136C2A14D950FFEC04189034FBFACF61" box="[1033,1098,1358,1380]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[144,222,537,559]" captionTargetBox="[144,1424,195,497]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[144,1424,195,497]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Tarumania walkerae gen. et sp. nov., holotype, INPA 33737." pageId="4" pageNumber="80">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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; vs. oblong or round in cross-section); the lanceolate caudal fin (
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<figureCitation id="136C2A14D950FFEC04F59017FA98CF87" box="[1252,1320,1389,1411]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[144,222,537,559]" captionTargetBox="[144,1424,195,497]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[144,1424,195,497]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Tarumania walkerae gen. et sp. nov., holotype, INPA 33737." pageId="4" pageNumber="80">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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; vs. bifurcated. emarginate or round); and the platybasic skull, with the parasphenoid expanded and conjoined with the remainder of the neurocranium, forming the floor of the braincase (
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<figureCitation id="136C2A14D950FFEC041C9092FBE1CFF8" box="[1037,1105,1512,1534]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[163,241,1789,1811]" captionTargetBox="[165,1441,773,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-347@10.[163,1443,771,1750]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Cranium of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, INPA 25747, 151.2-mm SL. (a) Dorsal view; (b) ventral view; (c) lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. ba, basioccipital; ep, epioccipital; ex, exoccipital; fr, frontal; le, lateral ethmoid; me, mesethmoid; os, orbitosphenoid; pa, parietal; par, parasphenoid; po, prootic; pt, pterotic; pts, pterosphenoid; so, supraoccipital; sph, sphenotic; vo, vomer." pageId="4" pageNumber="80">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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; vs. skull tropibasic). Other characters not necessarily unique to the taxon but still rare or unusual across a wide taxonomic array include: pelvic fins long and in the living fish deflectable 180 degrees anteriorly (
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<figureCitation id="136C2A14D950FFEC04949318FB79CC72" box="[1157,1225,1634,1656]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[145,223,1805,1827]" captionTargetBox="[385,1185,1396,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-63@5.[385,1185,1396,1765]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Live specimen, juvenile, of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, MZUSP 120543, shortly after collection. Arrow shows pelvic fins in anteriorly deflected position." pageId="4" pageNumber="80">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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; arrow); a flexible ‘neck’ that can bend the head at a right angle relative to the trunk; the infraorbital bone series reduced to single plate-like element lacking a sensory canal; the interopercle with a large semicircular notch along the dorsal margin (
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<figureCitation id="136C2A14D950FFEC03FF9386FB9FCD14" box="[1006,1071,1788,1810]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="11.[145,225,1727,1749]" captionTargetBox="[145,759,1394,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-826@11.[145,763,1392,1688]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 8. Suspensorium, opercular apparatus and lower jaw of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, MZUSP 120544, 98.4- mm SL, medial view. Scale bar = 2 mm. ect, ectopterygoid; ent, entopterygoid; hyo, hyomandibula; iop, interopercle; lj, lower jaw; mpt, metapterygoid; op, opercle; pal, palatine; pop, preopercle; q, quadrate; sop, subopercle; sym, symplectic." pageId="4" pageNumber="80">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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); the presence of a single upper pharyngeal toothplate (corresponding to the posterior element in other characiforms) (
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<figureCitation id="136C2A14D950FFEC04E49243FA88CD4B" box="[1269,1336,1849,1871]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="12.[162,241,956,978]" captionTargetBox="[405,1202,198,913]" captionTargetId="figure-443@12.[402,1202,196,917]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 9. Branchial arches of Tarumania walkerae, paratypes, dorsal views; (a) MZUSP 120544, 98.4-mm SL; (b) INPA 25747, 151.2-mm SL. (a) Ventral arches; (b) dorsal arches (gill filaments removed). Scale bars = 1 mm. acb, accessory element of ceratobranchial 4; bb1–4, basibranchials 1–4; bh, basihyal; cb1–5, ceratobranchials 1–5; epi1–4, epibranchials 1–4; hb1–3, hypobranchials 1–3; phb1–4, pharyngobranchials 1–4; po, paired ossifications of basihyal cartilage; tp, upper pharyngeal toothplate." pageId="4" pageNumber="80">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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); a large hypural-like bone located between haemal spines of second and third ural centra (
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<figureCitation id="136C2A14D952FFEE021395BFFDE2CADF" box="[514,594,197,219]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="13.[145,223,1171,1193]" captionTargetBox="[140,766,343,1130]" captionTargetId="figure-396@13.[139,766,342,1131]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 10. Caudal skeleton of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, MZUSP 120543, 61.6-mm SL, lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. ahs, accessory haemal spine; cc, compound caudal centrum; ep, epural; fr, fin rays; hs, haemal spine; hy1–n, hypural 1–n; ns, neural spine; phy, parhypural; pu3–2, preural centra 3 and 2; ur, urostyle." pageId="6" pageNumber="82">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
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|
). Other characters variably shared with a number of other clades but still useful to diagnose the taxon include the latero-sensory canal system mostly absent on the neurocranium and body but present in the nasal, dentary and preopercle; the teeth all unicuspidate, with two on each jaw hypertrophied and caniniform (
|
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|
|
<figureCitation id="136C2A14D952FFEE028A9407FD51CB96" box="[667,737,381,403]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[146,225,710,732]" captionTargetBox="[416,1184,195,670]" captionTargetId="figure-601@7.[385,1185,195,671]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Tarumania walkerae, paratype, INPA 21603, lateral view of head showing reverse-imbricated scales. Specimen cleaned of superficial mucus." pageId="6" pageNumber="82">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
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,
|
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<figureCitation id="136C2A14D952FFEE02FE9407FD4DCB97" box="[751,765,381,402]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="11.[145,225,1727,1749]" captionTargetBox="[145,759,1394,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-826@11.[145,763,1392,1688]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 8. Suspensorium, opercular apparatus and lower jaw of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, MZUSP 120544, 98.4- mm SL, medial view. Scale bar = 2 mm. ect, ectopterygoid; ent, entopterygoid; hyo, hyomandibula; iop, interopercle; lj, lower jaw; mpt, metapterygoid; op, opercle; pal, palatine; pop, preopercle; q, quadrate; sop, subopercle; sym, symplectic." pageId="6" pageNumber="82">8</figureCitation>
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); the eyes very small and located on the anterior portion of the head (
|
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<figureCitation id="136C2A14D952FFEE017394C0FE72CBD5" box="[354,450,442,464]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="5.[144,222,537,559]" captionStartId-1="5.[144,222,1316,1338]" captionStartId-2="5.[145,223,1805,1827]" captionTargetBox-0="[144,1424,195,497]" captionTargetBox-1="[500,1070,647,1277]" captionTargetBox-2="[385,1185,1396,1765]" captionTargetId-0="figure-27@5.[144,1424,195,497]" captionTargetId-1="figure-41@5.[471,1098,631,1277]" captionTargetId-2="figure-63@5.[385,1185,1396,1765]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="Figure 1. Tarumania walkerae gen. et sp. nov., holotype, INPA 33737." captionText-1="Figure 2. Tarumania walkerae gen. et sp. nov., holotype, INPA 33737. Dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views of head" captionText-2="Figure 3. Live specimen, juvenile, of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, MZUSP 120543, shortly after collection. Arrow shows pelvic fins in anteriorly deflected position." pageId="6" pageNumber="82">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
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); the external notochord and larval pectoral fin persistent, the former in specimens up to 50-mm SL and the latter up to 30-mm SL; the cranial fontanels closed (
|
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<figureCitation id="136C2A14D952FFEE01C3976CFDA5C829" box="[466,533,534,556]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[163,241,1789,1811]" captionTargetBox="[165,1441,773,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-347@10.[163,1443,771,1750]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Cranium of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, INPA 25747, 151.2-mm SL. (a) Dorsal view; (b) ventral view; (c) lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. ba, basioccipital; ep, epioccipital; ex, exoccipital; fr, frontal; le, lateral ethmoid; me, mesethmoid; os, orbitosphenoid; pa, parietal; par, parasphenoid; po, prootic; pt, pterotic; pts, pterosphenoid; so, supraoccipital; sph, sphenotic; vo, vomer." pageId="6" pageNumber="82">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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); the central part of the frontals and parietals elevated and exposed on the surface of the head in large specimens, forming an ornamented platform (
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<figureCitation id="136C2A14D952FFEE01CB9708FDADC88D" box="[474,541,626,648]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[163,241,1789,1811]" captionTargetBox="[165,1441,773,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-347@10.[163,1443,771,1750]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Cranium of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, INPA 25747, 151.2-mm SL. (a) Dorsal view; (b) ventral view; (c) lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. ba, basioccipital; ep, epioccipital; ex, exoccipital; fr, frontal; le, lateral ethmoid; me, mesethmoid; os, orbitosphenoid; pa, parietal; par, parasphenoid; po, prootic; pt, pterotic; pts, pterosphenoid; so, supraoccipital; sph, sphenotic; vo, vomer." pageId="6" pageNumber="82">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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); the post-temporal fossae absent (
|
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<figureCitation id="136C2A14D952FFEE014297EBFE26C8A2" box="[339,406,657,679]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[163,241,1789,1811]" captionTargetBox="[165,1441,773,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-347@10.[163,1443,771,1750]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Cranium of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, INPA 25747, 151.2-mm SL. (a) Dorsal view; (b) ventral view; (c) lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. ba, basioccipital; ep, epioccipital; ex, exoccipital; fr, frontal; le, lateral ethmoid; me, mesethmoid; os, orbitosphenoid; pa, parietal; par, parasphenoid; po, prootic; pt, pterotic; pts, pterosphenoid; so, supraoccipital; sph, sphenotic; vo, vomer." pageId="6" pageNumber="82">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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); the intercalar absent (
|
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<figureCitation id="136C2A14D952FFEE02A897EBFD4CC8A2" box="[697,764,657,679]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[163,241,1789,1811]" captionTargetBox="[165,1441,773,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-347@10.[163,1443,771,1750]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Cranium of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, INPA 25747, 151.2-mm SL. (a) Dorsal view; (b) ventral view; (c) lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. ba, basioccipital; ep, epioccipital; ex, exoccipital; fr, frontal; le, lateral ethmoid; me, mesethmoid; os, orbitosphenoid; pa, parietal; par, parasphenoid; po, prootic; pt, pterotic; pts, pterosphenoid; so, supraoccipital; sph, sphenotic; vo, vomer." pageId="6" pageNumber="82">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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); the frontals expanded laterally, forming shelves along the anterior half of the skull (
|
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<figureCitation id="136C2A14D952FFEE01ED97B4FD8CC8E1" box="[508,572,718,740]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[163,241,1789,1811]" captionTargetBox="[165,1441,773,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-347@10.[163,1443,771,1750]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Cranium of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, INPA 25747, 151.2-mm SL. (a) Dorsal view; (b) ventral view; (c) lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. ba, basioccipital; ep, epioccipital; ex, exoccipital; fr, frontal; le, lateral ethmoid; me, mesethmoid; os, orbitosphenoid; pa, parietal; par, parasphenoid; po, prootic; pt, pterotic; pts, pterosphenoid; so, supraoccipital; sph, sphenotic; vo, vomer." pageId="6" pageNumber="82">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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); the mesethmoid anteriorly expanded (
|
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<figureCitation id="136C2A14D952FFEE01BF9797FE43C906" box="[430,499,749,771]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[163,241,1789,1811]" captionTargetBox="[165,1441,773,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-347@10.[163,1443,771,1750]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Cranium of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, INPA 25747, 151.2-mm SL. (a) Dorsal view; (b) ventral view; (c) lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. ba, basioccipital; ep, epioccipital; ex, exoccipital; fr, frontal; le, lateral ethmoid; me, mesethmoid; os, orbitosphenoid; pa, parietal; par, parasphenoid; po, prootic; pt, pterotic; pts, pterosphenoid; so, supraoccipital; sph, sphenotic; vo, vomer." pageId="6" pageNumber="82">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
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); the quadrate-metapterygoid foramen absent or not differentiated (
|
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<figureCitation id="136C2A14D952FFEE02CF9676FF01C945" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="11.[145,225,1727,1749]" captionTargetBox="[145,759,1394,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-826@11.[145,763,1392,1688]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 8. Suspensorium, opercular apparatus and lower jaw of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, MZUSP 120544, 98.4- mm SL, medial view. Scale bar = 2 mm. ect, ectopterygoid; ent, entopterygoid; hyo, hyomandibula; iop, interopercle; lj, lower jaw; mpt, metapterygoid; op, opercle; pal, palatine; pop, preopercle; q, quadrate; sop, subopercle; sym, symplectic." pageId="6" pageNumber="82">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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); the postcleithra and suprapreopercle absent; the supraoccipital spine deeply sunk in the anterior trunk musculature.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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|
<caption id="DF286619D951FFED00819763FC12C82A" box="[144,930,537,559]" pageId="5" pageNumber="81" startId="5.[144,222,537,559]" targetBox="[144,1424,195,497]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BE83691D951FFED00819763FC12C82A" blockId="5.[144,930,537,559]" box="[144,930,537,559]" pageId="5" pageNumber="81">
|
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|
<emphasis id="B923EA83D951FFED00819763FD1BC82B" bold="true" box="[144,683,537,559]" pageId="5" pageNumber="81">
|
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|
Figure 1.
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D12D951FFED01129763FE4BC82A" authorityName="Pinna & Zuanon & Py-Daniel & Petry" authorityYear="2018" box="[259,507,537,559]" family="Tarumaniidae" genus="Tarumania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walkerae" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
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|
<emphasis id="B923EA83D951FFED01129763FE4BC82A" bold="true" box="[259,507,537,559]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="81">Tarumania walkerae</emphasis>
|
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|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21057F8D951FFED02109763FD1BC82B" box="[513,683,537,558]" pageId="5" pageNumber="81" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
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|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, holotype, INPA 33737.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="DF286619D951FFED0081905EFAF3CF3F" box="[144,1347,1316,1338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="81" startId="5.[144,222,1316,1338]" targetBox="[500,1070,647,1277]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
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|
|
<paragraph id="8BE83691D951FFED0081905EFAF3CF3F" blockId="5.[144,1347,1316,1338]" box="[144,1347,1316,1338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="81">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B923EA83D951FFED0081905EFD1BCF3C" bold="true" box="[144,683,1316,1338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="81">
|
|||
|
|
Figure 2.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C574D12D951FFED0112905EFE4BCF3F" authorityName="Pinna & Zuanon & Py-Daniel & Petry" authorityYear="2018" box="[259,507,1316,1338]" family="Tarumaniidae" genus="Tarumania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walkerae" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B923EA83D951FFED0112905EFE4BCF3F" bold="true" box="[259,507,1316,1338]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="81">Tarumania walkerae</emphasis>
|
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|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21057F8D951FFED0210905EFD1BCF3C" box="[513,683,1316,1337]" pageId="5" pageNumber="81" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, holotype, INPA 33737. Dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views of head
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="DF286619D951FFED00809277FDFACD44" pageId="5" pageNumber="81" startId="5.[145,223,1805,1827]" targetBox="[385,1185,1396,1765]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE83691D951FFED00809277FDFACD44" blockId="5.[145,1425,1805,1857]" pageId="5" pageNumber="81">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B923EA83D951FFED00809277FF48CD27" bold="true" box="[145,248,1805,1827]" pageId="5" pageNumber="81">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Live specimen, juvenile, of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C574D12D951FFED020B9277FD44CD26" authorityName="Pinna & Zuanon & Py-Daniel & Petry" authorityYear="2018" box="[538,756,1805,1827]" family="Tarumaniidae" genus="Tarumania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walkerae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B923EA83D951FFED020B9277FD44CD26" box="[538,756,1805,1827]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="81">Tarumania walkerae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, paratype, MZUSP 120543, shortly after collection. Arrow shows pelvic fins in anteriorly deflected position.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE83691D952FFEE00B296E6FB0BC86C" blockId="6.[163,779,924,1467]" lastBlockId="6.[827,1443,197,617]" pageId="6" pageNumber="82">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B923EA83D952FFEE00B296E6FEA0C9B4" box="[163,272,924,945]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="82">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
As shown below, our investigation into the phylogenetic position of the new taxon concludes that it is the sister group to the family
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C574D12D952FFEE025696A3FD55C9EA" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[583,741,985,1007]" family="Erythrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Erythrinidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. In purely nomenclatural terms, such positioning is compatible either with an expansion of the latter family or with the erection of a new family. Both choices result in exclusively monophyletic named taxa and therefore conform to the principles of phylogenetic classification. Given such flexibility, our choice for a new family rests on considerations additional to criteria of monophyly. First, the inclusion of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C574D12D952FFEE029991B5FCBBCEE1" authorityName="Pinna & Zuanon & Py-Daniel & Petry" authorityYear="2018" box="[648,779,1231,1252]" family="Tarumaniidae" genus="Tarumania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B923EA83D952FFEE029991B5FCBBCEE1" box="[648,779,1231,1252]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="82">Tarumania</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C574D12D952FFEE00D29197FEEECF06" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[195,350,1261,1283]" family="Erythrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Erythrinidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
would result in profound modifications of the composition and range of morphological and biological variation seen in that family, which has been stable for more than a century. This would create information-retrieval problems with a vast amount of data in previous literature. Second, most of the traditionally recognized diagnostic characters in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C574D12D952FFEE034A95BFFC45CADE" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[859,1013,197,219]" family="Erythrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Erythrinidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are not present in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C574D12D952FFEE04CF95BCFAD3CADE" authorityName="Pinna & Zuanon & Py-Daniel & Petry" authorityYear="2018" box="[1246,1379,198,219]" family="Tarumaniidae" genus="Tarumania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B923EA83D952FFEE04CF95BCFAD3CADE" box="[1246,1379,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="82">Tarumania</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, rendering such familial allocation difficult to integrate with established taxonomic practice. Finally, the large phenotypic distance between
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C574D12D952FFEE04839458FAA5CB32" authorityName="Pinna & Zuanon & Py-Daniel & Petry" authorityYear="2018" box="[1170,1301,290,311]" family="Tarumaniidae" genus="Tarumania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B923EA83D952FFEE04839458FAA5CB32" box="[1170,1301,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="82">Tarumania</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and species of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C574D12D952FFEE034B943AFC47CB53" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[858,1015,320,342]" family="Erythrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Erythrinidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
meets or exceeds that seen among characiform families in general, making a separate family for the genus a solution fitting the established classification of the order. Inclusion of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C574D12D952FFEE04FF94E6FADFCBB4" authorityName="Pinna & Zuanon & Py-Daniel & Petry" authorityYear="2018" box="[1262,1391,412,433]" family="Tarumaniidae" genus="Tarumania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B923EA83D952FFEE04FF94E6FADFCBB4" box="[1262,1391,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="82">Tarumania</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
into an expanded
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C574D12D952FFEE03C094C0FBD5CBD5" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[977,1125,442,464]" family="Erythrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Erythrinidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is clearly a less satisfactory solution and one that would incur more disturbance than necessary in the classification of characiforms. Recognition of a separate family more closely reflects the biological reality of the entities involved and better promotes nomenclatural stability.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|