154 lines
17 KiB
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154 lines
17 KiB
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<document id="AF53CC1BB8A5A96C62ECBDD37EE94B93" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2014.886343" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5193830" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628812328907" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Liseki, Steven D. & Vane-Wright, Richard I." docDate="2014" docId="CA1E1B1936692269FE0DFB0B855DFE69" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.48.25-26.1543-1583.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 48 (25 - 26)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.886343" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4.5:JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4" docStyleName="JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Belenois aurota subsp. aurota aurota (Fabricius 1793" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="1566" masterDocId="36276361367E2271FFDDFFDA846BFF96" masterDocTitle="Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: family Pieridae, subfamily Pierinae" masterLastPageNumber="1583" masterPageNumber="1543" pageNumber="1565" updateTime="1699052811630" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5FFC0C703270BBB6B3D8C4A64F73BC91">
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<mods:title id="B36C506C3D077461260DD22D807BDD70">Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: family Pieridae, subfamily Pierinae</mods:title>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="118BE1519278AB8997F8D5B3EF03955A">Liseki, Steven D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0B75376C71C5EDB20353D8553E536B32">Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania; & School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK;</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E1D1780695F78073D80ADF909601C129">Vane-Wright, Richard I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FC534C8B401CA21483ED0DBA9C6D5396">School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; & Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK; & Geographical and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C964A65EB1592F1FA87032F5FEB59B58">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="B3D988202BE0A2EFCA305021E3C3F38E">
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<mods:title id="637FE15F9B60DFBD7F2EC755117FBD16">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="A6729D6305FE0DF38E9D0F10C7AA2CF1">
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<mods:date id="3FF8E6DD14932EBDA2E24FD225326321">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1E70FE992BC14F34EC352FAB88CD3FE8">2014-04-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="D797DE6F63FFFA27B9ECD6A3524098EB" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="377618DC74BBEBA25D9AF750F4EB32D8">48</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="FA073C018E64DAE162123D6A6BBEE06D" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="8682A7906DE67AD765353E497471DC92">25 - 26</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="7E9738D26B365B9DEC4BF0C493416ED8" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="07A93D569BD87173651EE1C1E94A9FC2">1543</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="E488410BAC07D8F209260478CFCA3BA5">1583</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:url id="23AD7886E29844C89A95D9C5825AB353">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.886343</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="B42272D02F6387BC74C415FBA524188D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3DFC1D20D827AE98AC31DACCEF8771A8" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2014.886343</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="769D8F366E4F6BDC7D2ED38A37C26182" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="95D361AD9A95AEFF477614D188164F78" type="Zenodo-Dep">5193830</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="CA1E1B1936692269FE0DFB0B855DFE69" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5195911" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5195911" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA1E1B1936692269FE0DFB0B855DFE69" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA1E1B1936692269FE0DFB0B855DFE69" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="1566" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565">
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<subSubSection id="0AADF98436692266FE0DFB0B805AFABF" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F36692266FE0DFB0B87FCFB7C" blockId="23.[464,919,1202,1258]" box="[464,919,1233,1258]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565">
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<heading id="19401D6336692266FE0DFB0B87FCFB7C" box="[464,919,1233,1258]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C36692266FE0DFB0B87FCFB7C" ID-CoL="L9W9" authority="aurota (Fabricius, 1793)" authorityName="aurota (Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[464,919,1233,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Belenois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="aurota" subSpecies="aurota">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D36692266FE0DFB0B86A5FB7F" bold="true" box="[464,718,1233,1257]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565">Belenois aurota aurota</emphasis>
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(Fabricius, 1793)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F36692266FF09FACB805AFABF" blockId="23.[212,1073,1297,1322]" box="[212,1073,1297,1322]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565">
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36692266FF09FACB8534FABF" author="Larsen TB" box="[212,351,1297,1321]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565" refId="ref25550" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history. 2 nd edn. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen 1996</bibRefCitation>
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: pl. 8, figs 73 i–iii.
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36692266FDE2FACB8766FABF" author="D' Abrera B" box="[575,781,1297,1322]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565" refId="ref25233" refString="D' Abrera B. 1997. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region (2 nd edn). Part I. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Acraeidae, Danaidae & Satyridae. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1997">d’ Abrera 1997: 91</bibRefCitation>
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(4 figs). SI: Figure 26e–j.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0AADF98436692269FF09FA8B855DFE69" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="1566" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F36692266FF09FA8B8753FA1F" blockId="23.[212,1172,1361,1513]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565">
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Forewing length: male
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<quantity id="854F07EA36692266FE3CFA8B8605FAFF" box="[481,622,1361,1385]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.575" metricValueMax="2.85" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565" unit="mm" value="25.75" valueMax="28.5" valueMin="23.0">23–28.5 mm</quantity>
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(mean (
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<emphasis id="70C3761D36692266FD0CFA8886B5FAFC" box="[721,734,1362,1386]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565">n</emphasis>
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= 6)
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<quantity id="854F07EA36692266FCF8FA8B87F1FAFF" box="[805,922,1361,1385]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.627" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565" unit="mm" value="26.27">26.27 mm</quantity>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED36692266FC74FA8B87A6FAFF" box="[937,973,1361,1385]" country="Serbia" name="Sid" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565">SD</collectingRegion>
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= 1.679); female
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<quantity id="854F07EA36692266FF09FAAB851FFA1F" box="[212,372,1393,1417]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="2.85" metricValueMin="2.35" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565" unit="mm" value="26.0" valueMax="28.5" valueMin="23.5">23.5–28.5 mm</quantity>
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(mean (
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<emphasis id="70C3761D36692266FE09FAAB858AFA1F" box="[468,481,1393,1417]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565">n</emphasis>
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= 7)
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<quantity id="854F07EA36692266FDFEFAAB86FCFA1F" box="[547,663,1393,1417]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.597" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565" unit="mm" value="25.97">25.97 mm</quantity>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED36692266FD79FAAB86A3FA1F" box="[676,712,1393,1417]" country="Serbia" name="Sid" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565">SD</collectingRegion>
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= 1.552).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F36692266FF23FA4B80FFFA7F" blockId="23.[212,1172,1361,1513]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565">
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This species (together with the two following: e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36692266FC99FA4B87B0FA3F" author="Talbot G" box="[836,987,1425,1449]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565" pagination="305 - 336" refId="ref26227" refString="Talbot G. 1943 a. Revisional notes on Anapheis [sic] Hubn. and Belenois Hubn., with descriptions of some new forms (Lep. Rhop. Pieridae). Ann Mag Nat Hist. 10: 305 - 336." type="journal article" year="1943">Talbot 1943a</bibRefCitation>
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) has often been placed in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C36692266FE67FA6B8647FA5F" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[442,556,1457,1481]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anaphaeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D36692266FE67FA6B8647FA5F" box="[442,556,1457,1481]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565">Anaphaeis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and in the past was also known by the older species name
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<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C36692266FEC4FA0B8614FA7F" authority="Cramer, 1780" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1780" box="[281,639,1489,1513]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesentina">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D36692266FEC4FA0B85B6FA7F" box="[281,477,1489,1513]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565">Papilio mesentina</emphasis>
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Cramer, 1780
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</taxonomicName>
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– which is invalid, due to primary homonymy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F36692269FF09F9C487C7FEF6" blockId="23.[212,1172,1566,1654]" lastBlockId="24.[144,1104,168,511]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="1566" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D36692266FF09F9C4855EF9A0" box="[212,309,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565">Records.</emphasis>
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All kinds of habitat from sea level to high mountains (
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<quantity id="854F07EA36692266FC73F9C4806EF9A0" box="[942,1029,1566,1590]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600 m</quantity>
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) throughout
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F36692266FF09F9E48556F9C0" box="[212,317,1598,1622]" name="Tanzania" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36692266FE97F9E4858CF9C0" author="Kielland J" box="[330,487,1598,1622]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565" refId="ref25501" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990</bibRefCitation>
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, p.60).
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36692266FDE7F9E48683F9C0" author="Kielland J" box="[570,744,1598,1622]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565" refId="ref25501" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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did not give specific records but
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36692266FB92F9E48570F9E0" author="Liseki SD" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565" refId="ref25599" refString="Liseki SD. 2009. Butterfly diversity and its relevance to conservation in north-eastern Tanzania [PhD thesis). Canterbury (UK): University of Kent." type="book" year="2009">Liseki (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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encountered
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<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C36692266FE6FF9848670F9E0" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[434,539,1630,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Belenois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurota">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D36692266FE6FF9848670F9E0" box="[434,539,1630,1654]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565">B. aurota</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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commonly on
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED36692266FD18F98487CFF9E0" box="[709,932,1630,1654]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="23" pageNumber="1565">Mount Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
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throughout the year, at
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<quantity id="854F07EA36662269FF73FF72852CFF56" box="[174,327,168,192]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="1566" unit="m" value="2500.0" valueMax="3000.0" valueMin="2000.0">2000–3000 m</quantity>
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. The BMNH collection includes
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<specimenCount id="54B1618636662269FD1DFF72872AFF56" box="[704,833,168,192]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1566" type="male">three males</specimenCount>
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and
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<specimenCount id="54B1618636662269FCA1FF72807BFF56" box="[892,1040,168,192]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1566" type="female">three females</specimenCount>
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from W.
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED36662269FF67FF12852FFF76" box="[186,324,200,224]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="24" pageNumber="1566">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
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collected, at
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<quantity id="854F07EA36662269FE3DFF12861EFF76" box="[480,629,200,224]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.143" metricValueMax="1.3716" metricValueMin="0.9144" pageId="24" pageNumber="1566" unit="ft" value="3750.0" valueMax="4500.0" valueMin="3000.0">3000–4500 ft</quantity>
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, by B. Cooper.
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36662269FCF3FF1287B1FF76" author="Williams CB" box="[814,986,200,224]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1566" pagination="139 - 170" refId="ref26471" refString="Williams CB. 1930. Collected records relating to insect migration: second series. Trans R Entomol Soc Lond. 78: 139 - 170." type="journal article" year="1930">Williams (1930</bibRefCitation>
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, p.159, as
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<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C36662269FF4DFF328574FE96" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1780" box="[144,287,232,256]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="1566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesentina">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D36662269FF4DFF328574FE96" box="[144,287,232,256]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1566">B. mesentina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) recorded this species migrating in vast numbers at Moshi in
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<date id="36098CCF36662269FC3AFF3284A2FEB6" pageId="24" pageNumber="1566" value="1926-02">February 1926</date>
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. Beyond
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F36662269FEEEFED285F7FEB6" box="[307,412,264,288]" name="Tanzania" pageId="24" pageNumber="1566">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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this subspecies is found throughout much of Africa (
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE36662269FC20FED2856BFED6" author="Ackery PR & Smith CR & Vane-Wright RI" pageId="24" pageNumber="1566" refId="ref24360" refString="Ackery PR, Smith CR, Vane-Wright RI, editors. 1995. Carcasson' s African butterflies: an annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. East Melbourne (Australia): CSIRO." type="book" year="1995">Ackery et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
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, p.199), and in Arabia,
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F36662269FDDAFEF28626FED6" box="[519,589,296,320]" name="Egypt" pageId="24" pageNumber="1566">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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, the Middle East and
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F36662269FCE3FEF28712FED6" box="[830,889,296,320]" name="India" pageId="24" pageNumber="1566">India</collectingCountry>
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(the
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<typeStatus id="9D0C14AD36662269FC6DFEF2878BFED6" box="[944,992,296,320]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1566">type</typeStatus>
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locality is peninsula
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F36662269FEDFFE928529FEF6" box="[258,322,328,352]" name="India" pageId="24" pageNumber="1566">India</collectingCountry>
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). Two peripheral races are considered to occur in Asia.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F36662269FF67FEBD855DFE69" blockId="24.[144,1104,168,511]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1566">Males are relatively constant, with white ground colour. Females vary notably in the intensity of their dark markings, especially the wing borders, which can include submarginal pale spots or streaks, but are most often broad and almost entirely infuscated. Female ground colour varies from off-white to yellowish (very rarely bright yellow).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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