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1659 lines
194 KiB
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<document id="329C8E6FF63750DFBEC87E187A2B9194" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.2SLASH10933" ID-CLB-Dataset="33131" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d07bb500-5b81-49ba-bce3-53dff7b6d337" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="570094" ID-ZooBank="6918D108-AE71-4597-8144-950D995559DF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1493623358819" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Guimarães, Carla Silva, Luz, Sofia, Rocha, Pedro Carvalho & Feio, Renato Neves" docDate="2017" docId="AE0BC564FFF4FFBEFF70B8DFFEA0EF94" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4258.4.2SLASH10933.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4258 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Brachycephalus darkside Guimarães, Luz, Rocha & Feio, 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="341" masterDocId="5232BD1CFFF6FFB0FFE7BE7DFF9EEE39" masterDocTitle="The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: a new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="344" masterPageNumber="327" pageNumber="329" updateTime="1698439162006" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="B071664A323C0748A4B8583B66B914AD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="75F38CF8748E4F1E476D12D6C98B7808">
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<mods:title id="E5D6DBF33ABD8D8F6C9878F183E52618">The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: a new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="E69521EDB576AA7D08BD6399B3E2A54F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6F52D5C3C5BF28BFEB0A0EBCE82EBF6C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9BC0D511E5FD79323F44331957BF8A37">Guimarães, Carla Silva</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="0F1DAE35D9D586858C140BFFC88E3FA4" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="5991C3965DA9EE5A2C5565F67C8C3775">
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<mods:roleTerm id="912D7BF42323F946ADAFC88477D8E754">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="DB9B9926C85C8C7CE690988E226FEE03">Luz, Sofia</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D09E2782069F65A2E4348147B6905A60" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="70A33245457406FFFDB3610230436C30">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="AE8355688ABB12BB0D8BBFCC1A590E05">Rocha, Pedro Carvalho</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="3229E0CDE8D18587DAE9268A1A4EEC45" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5014C35001DCB76BB2FE589A44FDFF61">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D03DE5BB159C387D700347D43FF6202E">Feio, Renato Neves</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8AEA91558ED08A88FAFE4C1F00185243">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="2ECDC95775454C785B7385129A34076B" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CD148D9B1632D3586A1F81E673CEB2F6">
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<mods:title id="696607F6E3ABF8F0C5D7360D1679FCD3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="9097E72BC936FE38D3C620CC4F07DDB5">
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<mods:date id="F973CB0FD35F39585394F9FC505CFB7C">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="6F5ACCA53E3FE002D055915FEC188A63" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="CAA2FC36BD3EC03BBF47113355724CA6">4258</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="86E826BB148C22FD6DB57FED4CDF0798" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="9BC95315EB156539F7963048057BEA72">4</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="A8D4121D5CD642D39247B93F136D3BAD">327</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="100257558C0F9CAE6FF01C9CBAF6C8C7">344</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="E6B286DFB97E210B6D95BF96A86B95AE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="560738EE2CDF38121206472B09FA90F5" type="CLB-Dataset">33131</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5A4BA3257C9F09DB98D17C53E9973143" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1DED7CB865736E2E76DD89E10C0D9734" type="GBIF-Dataset">d07bb500-5b81-49ba-bce3-53dff7b6d337</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="537543B9D180247ADD3E1702E1D47FBE" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9119F54F1E0A83E3763162D346D11A8C" type="Zenodo-Dep">570094</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="94F5F9E4CCF7347B8038E8A2905E0D0B" type="ZooBank">6918D108-AE71-4597-8144-950D995559DF</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="AE0BC564FFF4FFBEFF70B8DFFEA0EF94" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6018864" ID-GBIF-Taxon="128834769" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6018864" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE0BC564FFF4FFBEFF70B8DFFEA0EF94" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE0BC564FFF4FFBEFF70B8DFFEA0EF94" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="341" pageId="2" pageNumber="329">
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<subSubSection id="6EB827F9FFF4FFB2FF70B8DFFEF9E8E4" pageId="2" pageNumber="329" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="261D7472FFF4FFB2FF70B8DFFDB3E884" blockId="2.[151,557,1698,1758]" box="[151,557,1698,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="329">
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<heading id="7D55C31EFFF4FFB2FF70B8DFFDB3E884" bold="true" box="[151,557,1698,1725]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="329" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF4FFB2FF70B8DFFDB3E884" bold="true" box="[151,557,1698,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="329">
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<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF4FFB2FF70B8DFFE56E885" ID-CoL="68PX6" box="[151,456,1698,1724]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF4FFB2FF70B8DFFE56E885" bold="true" box="[151,456,1698,1724]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="329">Brachycephalus darkside</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFF4FFB2FE28B8DEFDB3E884" box="[463,557,1699,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="329" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="261D7472FFF4FFB2FF70B8B8FEF9E8E4" blockId="2.[151,557,1698,1758]" box="[151,359,1733,1758]" pageId="2" pageNumber="329">
|
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<figureCitation id="BE9968F7FFF4FFB2FF70B8B8FE82E8E7" box="[151,284,1733,1758]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1801,1823]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionStartId-3="6.[151,250,1565,1587]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,628,1780]" captionTargetBox-1="[170,1418,315,1829]" captionTargetBox-2="[208,1344,209,1894]" captionTargetBox-3="[168,1416,203,1536]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1435,628,1780]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1436,301,1837]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[206,1361,193,1894]" captionTargetId-3="figure@6.[151,1435,193,1544]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. holotype (MZUFV 16636, SVL 17.9 mm). (A) Dorsal and (B) ventral views of the body; (C) lateral view of the head; (D) palmar view of the hand and (E) plantar view of the foot. Scale bar = 3 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Cleared and double-stained specimen of Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. (paratype MZUFV 15566, SVL 16.14 mm, adult). Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) view of the skull; dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views of the skull, vertebrae and para-axial bony plates. Legends: exoc (exoccipital), fp (frontoparietal), max (maxilla), nas (nasal), owin (oval window), pmax (premaxilla), ppl (parotic plate), prsph (parasphenoid), ptr (pterigoid), PV (pressacral vertebrae), pvpl (paravertebral plate), sac (sacrum), sq (squamosal), SPl (spinal plate), sphen (sphenethmoid), uro (urostyle), vm (vomer)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov., (A) dorsal view of right hand, dorsal view of right foot, and (C) ventral view of pectoral girdle with scapula and supra-scapula deflected." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Histological analysis: (A) Dissected individual of Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. (MZUFV 16579); (A 1) closer view of the dark tissue; (A 2) detail in the provision of pigmented tissue that follows adjacent muscle fibers. Transverse sections: (B) inclusion in resin; longitudinal section (C) inclusion in paraffin. Arrows indicate the dark pigments of connective tissue: epimysium (epm), perimysium (prm) and endomysium (edm). Muscle tissue (msc)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/570095/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/570096/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/570097/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/570098/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="329">Figures 1–4</figureCitation>
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and
|
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<figureCitation id="BE9968F7FFF4FFB2FEB5B8BBFEFDE8E4" box="[338,355,1734,1757]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,171,1381]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,171,1381]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photos of Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. in life: (A) female, (B) male, (C) same male hidden beneath roots, (D) roots where the male was found." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570101/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="329">7</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="6EB827F9FFF4FFB2FF70B970FD1FE946" pageId="2" pageNumber="329" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="261D7472FFF4FFB2FF70B970FD1CE97B" blockId="2.[151,789,1805,1919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="329">
|
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<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF4FFB2FF70B970FE35E91A" box="[151,427,1805,1827]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
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<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF4FFB2FF70B970FE35E91A" box="[151,427,1805,1827]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="329">Brachycephalus ephippium</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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—Pombal Jr. 2001 (part.)
|
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<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF4FFB2FF70B951FE35E97B" box="[151,427,1836,1858]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
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<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF4FFB2FF70B951FE35E97B" box="[151,427,1836,1858]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="329">Brachycephalus ephippium</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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—
|
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<bibRefCitation id="42330983FFF4FFB2FE22B951FD1CE97B" author="Dayrell" box="[453,642,1836,1858]" pageId="2" pageNumber="329" refString="Dayrell, J. S., Oliveira, E. F., Cassini, C. S. & Feio, R. N. (2006) Brachycephalus ephippium (Pumpkin Toadlet): geographic distribution. Herpetological Review, 37, 357." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
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Dayrell
|
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<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF4FFB2FDF1B950FDD4E97B" box="[534,586,1836,1858]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="329">et al.</emphasis>
|
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2006
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="261D7472FFF4FFB2FF70B937FD1FE946" blockId="2.[151,789,1805,1919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="329">
|
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<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF4FFB2FF70B937FE35E959" box="[151,427,1866,1888]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
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<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF4FFB2FF70B937FE35E959" box="[151,427,1866,1888]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="329">Brachycephalus ephippium</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
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—Pombal & Izecksohn 2011 (part.)
|
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<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF4FFB2FF70B914FE35E946" box="[151,427,1897,1919]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
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<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF4FFB2FF70B914FE35E946" box="[151,427,1897,1919]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="329">Brachycephalus ephippium</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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—
|
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<bibRefCitation id="42330983FFF4FFB2FE23B917FDE3E946" author="Moura" box="[452,637,1897,1919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="329" refString="Moura, M. R., Motta, A. P., Fernandes, V. D. & Feio, R. N. (2012) Herpetofauna da Serra do Brigadeiro, um remanescente de Mata Atlantica em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Biota Neotrop, 12 (1), 209 - 235." type="journal article" year="2012">
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Moura
|
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<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF4FFB2FDE9B917FDA5E946" box="[526,571,1897,1919]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="329">et al</emphasis>
|
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. 2012
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
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.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="6EB827F9FFF4FFB3FF70B9D3FC10EC79" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="330" pageId="2" pageNumber="329" type="materials_examined">
|
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<paragraph id="261D7472FFF4FFB3FF70B9D3FEDDEEED" blockId="2.[151,1436,1963,2030]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,576]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="330" pageId="2" pageNumber="329">
|
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<materialsCitation id="96CA7E2FFFF4FFB3FF70B9D3FEDDEEED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1499611458" collectingDate="2015-12-17" collectionCode="MZUFV, PESB" collectorName="Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro & C. S. Guimaraes & P. C. Rocha & C. L. Assis & R. N. Feio & C. Novaes." country="Brazil" county="Ervalia" elevation="1266" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="330" latitude="-20.877972" location="Careco" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.52072" municipality="Municipality" pageId="2" pageNumber="329" specimenCode="MZUFV 16636" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais" typeStatus="holotype">
|
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<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF4FFB2FF70B9D3FE95E9FE" bold="true" box="[151,267,1966,1991]" pageId="2" pageNumber="329">
|
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|
<typeStatus id="F919CAD0FFF4FFB2FF70B9D3FE98E9FE" box="[151,262,1966,1991]" pageId="2" pageNumber="329" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
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.
|
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|
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</emphasis>
|
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<specimenCode id="7604DC09FFF4FFB2FEF4B9CDFE58E9FE" box="[275,454,1966,1991]" collectionCode="MZUFV" pageId="2" pageNumber="329">
|
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|
|
<collectionCode id="40B3ECB7FFF4FFB2FEF4B9CDFEEBE9FE" box="[275,373,1968,1991]" pageId="2" pageNumber="329">MZUFV</collectionCode>
|
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16636
|
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</specimenCode>
|
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, adult male (
|
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|
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<quantity id="E15AD997FFF4FFB2FDBFB9D2FD20E9FE" box="[600,702,1967,1991]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7899999999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="17.9">17.9 mm</quantity>
|
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SVL,
|
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|
|
<figureCitation id="BE9968F7FFF4FFB2FCEDB9D3FCF6E9FE" box="[778,872,1966,1991]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1801,1823]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,628,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,628,1780]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. holotype (MZUFV 16636, SVL 17.9 mm). (A) Dorsal and (B) ventral views of the body; (C) lateral view of the head; (D) palmar view of the hand and (E) plantar view of the foot. Scale bar = 3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570095/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="329">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
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|
|
), collected at “Trilha do Cruzeiro” (
|
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|
|
<geoCoordinate id="439612B5FFF4FFB2FAE2B9D2FA06E9FE" box="[1285,1432,1963,1991]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="329" precision="1" value="-20.877972">20°52'40.7"S</geoCoordinate>
|
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, 0
|
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|
|
<geoCoordinate id="439612B5FFF4FFB2FF43B9ABFEDFE9D7" box="[164,321,2002,2030]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="329" precision="1" value="-42.52072">42°31'14.6"W</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<elevation id="AD8F9341FFF4FFB2FEAAB9A8FE40E9D7" box="[333,478,2005,2030]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.266" pageId="2" pageNumber="329" unit="m" value="1266.0">
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="E15AD997FFF4FFB2FEAAB9A8FE3CE9D4" box="[333,418,2005,2030]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.266" pageId="2" pageNumber="329" unit="m" value="1266.0">1266 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
a.s.l.
|
|||
|
|
</elevation>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="8B5711A4FFF4FFB2FE12B9ABFC2FE9D7" box="[501,945,2005,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="329">Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="40B3ECB7FFF4FFB2FC27B9ABFB96E9D7" box="[960,1032,2006,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="329">PESB</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
), district of
|
|||
|
|
<location id="237D22A9FFF4FFB2FB68B9ABFB7FE9D7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE0BC564FFF4FFBEFF70B8DFFEA0EF94:237D22A9FFF4FFB2FB68B9ABFB7FE9D7" box="[1167,1249,2006,2030]" country="Brazil" county="Ervalia" latitude="-20.877972" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.52072" municipality="Municipality" name="Careco" pageId="2" pageNumber="329" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Careço</location>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingMunicipality id="C679EE08FFF4FFB2FB0AB9A8FAE0E9D7" box="[1261,1406,2005,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="329">Municipality</collectingMunicipality>
|
|||
|
|
of
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCounty id="CF7C0CFEFFF5FFB3FF70BEEAFF75EE89" box="[151,235,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330">Ervália</collectingCounty>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="E466BA90FFF5FFB3FF11BEEAFE10EE89" box="[246,398,151,176]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="3" pageNumber="330">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
State,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="5EB534E2FFF5FFB3FE3BBEEAFDBDEE89" box="[476,547,151,176]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="330">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, on
|
|||
|
|
<date id="521C52B2FFF5FFB3FDB4BEE5FCB4EE89" box="[595,810,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330" value="2015-12-17">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingDate id="4258AB5AFFF5FFB3FDB4BEE5FCB4EE89" box="[595,810,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330" value="2015-12-17">17 December 2015</collectingDate>
|
|||
|
|
</date>
|
|||
|
|
by
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="8B5711A4FFF5FFB3FCB1BEE5FB94EE89" box="[854,1034,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330">C.S. Guimarães</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="8B5711A4FFF5FFB3FBF1BEE5FB0BEE89" box="[1046,1173,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330">P.C. Rocha</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="8B5711A4FFF5FFB3FB46BEE5FA84EE89" box="[1185,1306,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330">C.L. Assis</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="8B5711A4FFF5FFB3FAC0BEE5FA09EE89" box="[1319,1431,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330">R.N. Feio</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="8B5711A4FFF5FFB3FF21BEC1FEDDEEED" box="[198,323,188,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330">C. Novaes.</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFF5FFB3FF20BEA2FC10EC79" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,576]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF5FFB3FF20BEA2FED8EEC1" bold="true" box="[199,326,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330">Paratypes.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Specimens collected at type locality: MZUFV 16634–35 (males) collected with holotype. MZUFV 16627, 16632–33 (males), 16628, 16631 (females), MNRJ 91327 and UFMG 19522 (males) collected on
|
|||
|
|
<date id="521C52B2FFF5FFB3FA67BF79FECCEF79" pageId="3" pageNumber="330" value="2015-11-20">20 November 2015</date>
|
|||
|
|
by C.S. Guimarães, P.C. Rocha and R.N. Feio. MZUFV 16491, 16579 (males), and 16780 (female) collected on
|
|||
|
|
<date id="521C52B2FFF5FFB3FE75BF31FDD4EF5C" box="[402,586,332,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330" value="2015-08-13">13 August 2015</date>
|
|||
|
|
by C.S. Guimarães, P.S. Hote and S. Luz. MZUFV 15716 (male), 15717, 15720–21 (adult specimens), and 15718–19 (juveniles) collected on
|
|||
|
|
<date id="521C52B2FFF5FFB3FC48BF0DFBE2EFB1" box="[943,1148,367,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330" value="2014-12-04">4 December 2014</date>
|
|||
|
|
by C.S. Guimarães, P.G. Taucce and B. Lisboa.
|
|||
|
|
<materialsCitation id="96CA7E2FFFF5FFB3FE7CBFE8FE16EFCE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1499611459" collectingDate="2014-09-18" collectionCode="MZUFV" collectorName="C. S. Guimaraes & C. L. Assis & R. N. Feio. Specimens" location="Mata do Pai Inacio" pageId="3" pageNumber="330" specimenCode="MZUFV 15557-58, 15560-61" specimenCount="1">
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCode id="7604DC09FFF5FFB3FE7CBFE8FD69EF94" box="[411,759,404,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330">
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="40B3ECB7FFF5FFB3FE7CBFE8FE63EF95" box="[411,509,405,428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330">MZUFV</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
15557–58, 15560–61
|
|||
|
|
</specimenCode>
|
|||
|
|
, 15566–15571, 15717 (adult specimens), and 15559, 15565 (males), collected on
|
|||
|
|
<date id="521C52B2FFF5FFB3FE77BFC5FDF1EFE9" box="[400,623,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330" value="2014-09-18">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingDate id="4258AB5AFFF5FFB3FE77BFC5FDF1EFE9" box="[400,623,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330" value="2014-09-18">18 September 2014</collectingDate>
|
|||
|
|
</date>
|
|||
|
|
by
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="8B5711A4FFF5FFB3FD79BFC5FCCAEFE9" box="[670,852,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330">C.S. Guimarães</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="8B5711A4FFF5FFB3FC85BFC5FC44EFE9" box="[866,986,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330">C.L. Assis</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="8B5711A4FFF5FFB3FBF2BFC5FA91EFE9" box="[1045,1295,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330">R.N. Feio. Specimens</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
collected at “
|
|||
|
|
<location id="237D22A9FFF5FFB3FF46BFA2FEE1EFCE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE0BC564FFF4FFBEFF70B8DFFEA0EF94:237D22A9FFF5FFB3FF46BFA2FEE1EFCE" box="[161,383,478,503]" name="Mata do Pai Inacio" pageId="3" pageNumber="330">Mata do Pai Inácio</location>
|
|||
|
|
”
|
|||
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<materialsCitation id="96CA7E2FFFF5FFB3FE72BFA2FF6EEC22" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1499611460" collectionCode="PESB" country="Brazil" elevation="1340" latitude="-20.778334" location="Municipality" longLatPrecision="865" longitude="-42.483334" municipality="Miradouro" pageId="3" pageNumber="330" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="40B3ECB7FFF5FFB3FE72BFA2FE45EFCE" box="[405,475,479,503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330">PESB</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<location id="237D22A9FFF5FFB3FE00BFA3FDE6EFCE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE0BC564FFF4FFBEFF70B8DFFEA0EF94:237D22A9FFF5FFB3FE00BFA3FDE6EFCE" box="[487,632,478,503]" country="Brazil" latitude="-20.778334" longLatPrecision="865" longitude="-42.483334" municipality="Miradouro" name="Municipality" pageId="3" pageNumber="330" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Municipality</location>
|
|||
|
|
of
|
|||
|
|
<collectingMunicipality id="C679EE08FFF5FFB3FD79BFA3FC87EFCE" box="[670,793,478,503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330">Miradouro</collectingMunicipality>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="E466BA90FFF5FFB3FCC2BFA3FC22EFCE" box="[805,956,478,503]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="3" pageNumber="330">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
State,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="5EB534E2FFF5FFB3FBEDBFA3FBD0EFCE" box="[1034,1102,478,503]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="330">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="439612B5FFF5FFB3FBB9BFA2FB7DEFCE" box="[1118,1251,475,503]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="330" precision="15" value="-20.778334">20°46'42" S</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="439612B5FFF5FFB3FB17BFA2FAC6EFCE" box="[1264,1368,475,503]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="330" precision="925" value="-42.483334">42°29' W</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="E15AD997FFF5FFB3FA83BFA2FF33EC23" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" pageId="3" pageNumber="330" unit="m" value="1340.0">
|
|||
|
|
<elevation id="AD8F9341FFF5FFB3FA83BFA2FF33EC23" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" pageId="3" pageNumber="330" unit="m" value="1340.0">1340 m</elevation>
|
|||
|
|
</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
a.sl.)
|
|||
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: MZUFV 6658–60 (adults) collected on
|
|||
|
|
<date id="521C52B2FFF5FFB3FD20BC7FFC0DEC22" box="[711,915,514,539]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330" value="2005-12-05">5 December 2005</date>
|
|||
|
|
by R.N. Feio, E.F. Oliveira and J.S. Dayrell. MZUFV 2897 (adult) collected on
|
|||
|
|
<date id="521C52B2FFF5FFB3FDF8BC5BFD75EC06" box="[543,747,550,575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330" value="1996-09-05">5 September 1996</date>
|
|||
|
|
by R. Harvey.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="72DD24FAFFF5FFB3FF70B974FADAE907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570095/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="330" targetBox="[151,1435,628,1780]" targetPageId="3">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFF5FFB3FF70B974FADAE907" blockId="3.[151,1436,1801,1854]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF5FFB3FF70B974FE8DE926" bold="true" box="[151,275,1801,1823]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF5FFB3FEFEB974FD84E926" box="[281,538,1801,1823]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="330" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF5FFB3FEFEB974FD84E926" box="[281,538,1801,1823]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="330">Brachycephalus darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF5FFB3FDC6B974FDEFE926" bold="true" box="[545,625,1801,1823]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFF5FFB3FDC6B974FDEFE926" box="[545,625,1801,1823]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
holotype (MZUFV 16636, SVL 17.9 mm). (A) Dorsal and (B) ventral views of the body; (C) lateral view of the head; (D) palmar view of the hand and (E) plantar view of the foot. Scale bar = 3mm.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="6EB827F9FFF5FFB7FF20B918FB0BE8D9" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="334" pageId="3" pageNumber="330" type="diagnosis">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFF5FFB4FF20B918FAABEEC1" blockId="3.[151,1436,1893,2026]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="331" pageId="3" pageNumber="330">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF5FFB3FF20B918FEDFE947" bold="true" box="[199,321,1893,1918]" pageId="3" pageNumber="330">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
The new species is characterized by the (1) presence of black connective tissue covering all dorsal muscles; (2) body completely yellow-orange in life; (3) presence of skull and post-cranial plates; (4) presence of paravertebral plates; (5) lack of ossified warts; (6) parotic plates laterally projected; (7) convex-shaped paravertebral plates with rounded edges; (8) dorsal shield not projected up over the vertebral spine; (9) first spinal plate with trapezium shape; (10) second spinal plate with rectangular shape; (11) large size (SVL of adults:
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="E15AD997FFF2FFB4FABABEE5FE9FEEED" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6649999999999998" metricValueMax="1.85" metricValueMin="1.48" pageId="4" pageNumber="331" unit="mm" value="16.65" valueMax="18.5" valueMin="14.8">14.8– 18.5 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
); (12) bufoniform body; (13) rounded snout; (14) absence of metacarpal and metatarsal tubercles; (15) absence of maxillae teeth; (16) large head; (17) presence of harmonic structures in the advertisement call.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="72DD24FAFFF2FFB4FF70B93FFBFFE9EA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570096/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="331" targetBox="[170,1418,315,1829]" targetPageId="4">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFF2FFB4FF70B93FFBFFE9EA" blockId="4.[151,1436,1858,2003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="331">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF2FFB4FF70B93FFE8DE961" bold="true" box="[151,275,1858,1880]" pageId="4" pageNumber="331">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Cleared and double-stained specimen of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF2FFB4FD5EB93FFC25E961" box="[697,955,1858,1880]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF2FFB4FD5EB93FFC25E961" box="[697,955,1858,1880]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="331">Brachycephalus darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF2FFB4FC26B93FFB8CE961" bold="true" box="[961,1042,1858,1880]" pageId="4" pageNumber="331">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFF2FFB4FC26B93FFB8CE961" box="[961,1042,1858,1880]" pageId="4" pageNumber="331" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(paratype MZUFV 15566, SVL 16.14 mm, adult). Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) view of the skull; dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views of the skull, vertebrae and para-axial bony plates. Legends: exoc (exoccipital), fp (frontoparietal), max (maxilla), nas (nasal), owin (oval window), pmax (premaxilla), ppl (parotic plate), prsph (parasphenoid), ptr (pterigoid), PV (pressacral vertebrae), pvpl (paravertebral plate), sac (sacrum), sq (squamosal), SPl (spinal plate), sphen (sphenethmoid), uro (urostyle), vm (vomer).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="72DD24FAFFF3FFB5FF70B9DFFD48E9EF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570097/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="332" targetBox="[208,1344,209,1894]" targetPageId="5">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFF3FFB5FF70B9DFFD48E9EF" blockId="5.[151,1436,1954,2006]" pageId="5" pageNumber="332">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF3FFB5FF70B9DFFE8CE981" bold="true" box="[151,274,1954,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="332">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF3FFB5FEFFB9DFFD87E981" box="[280,537,1954,1976]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="332" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF3FFB5FEFFB9DFFD87E981" box="[280,537,1954,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="332">Brachycephalus darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF3FFB5FDF8B9DFFDF1E981" bold="true" box="[543,623,1954,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="332">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFF3FFB5FDF8B9DFFDF1E981" box="[543,623,1954,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="332" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, (A) dorsal view of right hand, dorsal view of right foot, and (C) ventral view of pectoral girdle with scapula and supra-scapula deflected.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="72DD24FAFFF0FFB6FF70B860FBB5E8B6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570098/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" targetBox="[168,1416,203,1536]" targetPageId="6">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFF0FFB6FF70B860FBB5E8B6" blockId="6.[151,1436,1565,1679]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF0FFB6FF70B860FE8CE80A" bold="true" box="[151,274,1565,1587]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Histological analysis: (A) Dissected individual of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF0FFB6FCF6B860FB8CE80A" box="[785,1042,1565,1587]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF0FFB6FCF6B860FB8CE80A" box="[785,1042,1565,1587]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">Brachycephalus darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF0FFB6FBF0B860FBF9E80A" bold="true" box="[1047,1127,1565,1587]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFF0FFB6FBF0B860FBF9E80A" box="[1047,1127,1565,1587]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(MZUFV 16579); (A1) closer view of the dark tissue; (A2) detail in the provision of pigmented tissue that follows adjacent muscle fibers. Transverse sections: (B) inclusion in resin; longitudinal section (C) inclusion in paraffin. Arrows indicate the dark pigments of connective tissue: epimysium (epm), perimysium (prm) and endomysium (edm). Muscle tissue (msc).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFF0FFB6FF20B8C1FB8EE9B1" blockId="6.[151,1436,1724,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF0FFB6FF20B8C1FDDEE8EC" bold="true" box="[199,576,1724,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">Comparison with other species.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF0FFB6FDAFB8C1FCF8E8ED" box="[584,870,1724,1748]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF0FFB6FDAFB8C1FCF8E8ED" box="[584,870,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">Brachycephalus darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF0FFB6FC8AB8C1FC59E8EC" bold="true" box="[877,967,1724,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFF0FFB6FC8AB8C1FC59E8EC" box="[877,967,1724,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
differs from the remaining species of the genus by having black connective tissue (which can be seen as background coloration through the skin of specimens), covering all sides of dorsal muscles (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="BE9968F7FFF0FFB6FD34B979FC85E925" box="[723,795,1796,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1565,1587]" captionTargetBox="[168,1416,203,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1435,193,1544]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Histological analysis: (A) Dissected individual of Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. (MZUFV 16579); (A 1) closer view of the dark tissue; (A 2) detail in the provision of pigmented tissue that follows adjacent muscle fibers. Transverse sections: (B) inclusion in resin; longitudinal section (C) inclusion in paraffin. Arrows indicate the dark pigments of connective tissue: epimysium (epm), perimysium (prm) and endomysium (edm). Muscle tissue (msc)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570098/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). There is no pigmentation in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF0FFB6FB9CB978FA8DE925" box="[1147,1299,1796,1820]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF0FFB6FB9CB978FA8DE925" box="[1147,1299,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="BE9968F7FFF0FFB6FAC2B979FAF5E924" box="[1317,1387,1796,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,789,811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,767]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,767]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ventral and dorsal view of dissected preserved specimens of (A) Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov., showing the presence of dark tissue in the dorsal musculature, and (B) the absence of dark tissue in B. ephippium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570099/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF0FFB6FA63B978FE92E979" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="izecksohni">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF0FFB6FA63B978FE92E979" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">B. izecksohni</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF0FFB6FEFCB954FE1CE979" box="[283,386,1833,1856]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pernix">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF0FFB6FEFCB954FE1CE979" box="[283,386,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">B. pernix</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF0FFB6FE25B954FDA9E979" box="[450,567,1833,1856]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pitanga">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF0FFB6FE25B954FDA9E979" box="[450,567,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">B. pitanga</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
; few scattered areas with pigmentation in the dorsolateral region adjacent to the dorsal musculature in some individuals of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF0FFB6FD33B930FCEFE95D" box="[724,881,1868,1892]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garbeanus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF0FFB6FD33B930FCEFE95D" box="[724,881,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">B. garbeanus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF0FFB6FC5FB930FBEEE95D" box="[952,1136,1869,1892]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF0FFB6FC5FB930FBEEE95D" box="[952,1136,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">B. margaritatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
; and there is little dark pigmentation internally around the line of the spinal vertebrae in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF0FFB6FC97B90CFB96E9B1" box="[880,1032,1904,1928]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vertebralis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF0FFB6FC97B90CFB96E9B1" box="[880,1032,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">B. vertebralis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFF0FFB6FF20B9E9FA02E9CD" blockId="6.[151,1436,1724,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">
|
|||
|
|
The skin of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF0FFB6FEB6B9E9FDF0E995" box="[337,622,1940,1964]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF0FFB6FEB6B9E9FDF0E995" box="[337,622,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">Brachycephalus darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF0FFB6FD91B9E9FD4FE994" bold="true" box="[630,721,1940,1965]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFF0FFB6FD91B9E9FD4FE994" box="[630,721,1940,1965]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
is orange in life in all parts of the body, which distinguishes it from all other species of the genus with colored stripes and/or spots and/or blotches (as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF0FFB6FB59B9C4FAEEE9E9" box="[1214,1392,1977,2000]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroguttatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF0FFB6FB59B9C4FAEEE9E9" box="[1214,1392,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">B. auroguttatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF0FFB6FA63B9C4FF60E9CD" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boticario">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF0FFB6FA63B9C4FF60E9CD" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">B. boticario</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF0FFB6FEEAB9A0FEE1E9CD" box="[269,383,2013,2036]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crispus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF0FFB6FEEAB9A0FEE1E9CD" box="[269,383,2013,2036]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">B. crispus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF0FFB6FE69B9A0FDBDE9CD" box="[398,547,2012,2036]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ferruginus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF0FFB6FE69B9A0FDBDE9CD" box="[398,547,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">B. ferruginus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF0FFB6FDD4B9A0FD76E9CD" box="[563,744,2012,2036]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscolineatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF0FFB6FDD4B9A0FD76E9CD" box="[563,744,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">B. fuscolineatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF0FFB6FD10B9A0FCEFE9CD" box="[759,881,2013,2036]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guarani">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF0FFB6FD10B9A0FCEFE9CD" box="[759,881,2013,2036]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">B. guarani</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF0FFB6FC67B9A0FBAEE9CD" box="[896,1072,2012,2036]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermogenesi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF0FFB6FC67B9A0FBAEE9CD" box="[896,1072,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">B. hermogenesi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF0FFB6FBA7B9A0FB4AE9CD" box="[1088,1236,2012,2036]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="izecksohni">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF0FFB6FBA7B9A0FB4AE9CD" box="[1088,1236,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">B. izecksohni</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF0FFB6FB03B9A0FAEAE9CD" box="[1252,1396,2012,2036]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leopardus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF0FFB6FB03B9A0FAEAE9CD" box="[1252,1396,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">B. leopardus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF0FFB6FA63B9A0FA02E9CD" box="[1412,1436,2013,2036]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">B.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFF1FFB7FF70BEE5FE67EF79" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FF70BEE5FEA8EE96" box="[151,310,152,175]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mariaeterezae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FF70BEE5FEA8EE96" box="[151,310,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">mariaeterezae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FEA2BEE4FE33EE96" box="[325,429,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pernix">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FEA2BEE4FE33EE96" box="[325,429,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. pernix</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FE5BBEE4FDAFEE96" box="[444,561,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pitanga">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FE5BBEE4FDAFEE96" box="[444,561,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. pitanga</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FDA5BEE4FD20EE89" box="[578,702,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pombali">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FDA5BEE4FD20EE89" box="[578,702,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. pombali</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
), background greenish (as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FC14BEE4FB03EE89" box="[1011,1181,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albolineatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FC14BEE4FB03EE89" box="[1011,1181,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. albolineatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FB4ABEE4FAA9EE89" box="[1197,1335,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FB4ABEE4FAA9EE89" box="[1197,1335,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. olivaceus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FAA1BEE4FA0AEE89" box="[1350,1428,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="toby">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FAA1BEE4FA0AEE89" box="[1350,1428,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. toby</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FF70BEC0FEAEEEED" box="[151,304,189,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FF70BEC0FEAEEEED" box="[151,304,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. verrucosus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FEDABEC0FE4AEEED" box="[317,468,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tridactylus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FEDABEC0FE4AEEED" box="[317,468,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. tridactylus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
), or brownish (as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FD7ABEC0FCBAEEED" box="[669,804,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FD7ABEC0FCBAEEED" box="[669,804,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. brunneus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FCD5BEC0FC5DEEED" box="[818,963,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="didactylus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FCD5BEC0FC5DEEED" box="[818,963,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. didactylus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FC36BEC0FBFFEEED" box="[977,1121,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nodoterga">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FC36BEC0FBFFEEED" box="[977,1121,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. nodoterga</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FB89BEC0FB57EEED" box="[1134,1225,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulex">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FB89BEC0FB57EEED" box="[1134,1225,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. pulex</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FB30BEC0FAE8EEED" box="[1239,1398,189,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quiririensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FB30BEC0FAE8EEED" box="[1239,1398,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. quiririensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FA63BEC0FE99EEC1" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sulfuratus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FA63BEC0FE99EEC1" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. sulfuratus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
). In preservative, specimens of the new species differ from those of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FBB6BE9CFB5EEEC1" box="[1105,1216,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alipioi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FBB6BE9CFB5EEEC1" box="[1105,1216,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. alipioi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FB33BE9CFAF1EEC1" box="[1236,1391,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atelopoide">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FB33BE9CFAF1EEC1" box="[1236,1391,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. atelopoide</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FA63BE9CFE8CEF25" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bufonoides">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FA63BE9CFE8CEF25" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. bufonoides</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FEC4BF78FE24EF25" box="[291,442,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FEC4BF78FE24EF25" box="[291,442,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FE2CBF78FDFDEF25" box="[459,611,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garbeanus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FE2CBF78FDFDEF25" box="[459,611,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. garbeanus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FD78BF78FCCCEF25" box="[671,850,261,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FD78BF78FCCCEF25" box="[671,850,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. margaritatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by the darkish background dorsum (pale cream in those species; see
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="BE9968F7FFF1FFB7FE84BF5AFE3BEF79" box="[355,421,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1801,1823]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,628,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,628,1780]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. holotype (MZUFV 16636, SVL 17.9 mm). (A) Dorsal and (B) ventral views of the body; (C) lateral view of the head; (D) palmar view of the hand and (E) plantar view of the foot. Scale bar = 3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570095/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="BE9968F7FFF1FFB7FE3CBF5AFE75EF79" box="[475,491,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,789,811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,767]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,767]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ventral and dorsal view of dissected preserved specimens of (A) Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov., showing the presence of dark tissue in the dorsal musculature, and (B) the absence of dark tissue in B. ephippium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570099/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">5</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFF1FFB7FF20BF31FBB1EC04" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">
|
|||
|
|
The presence of skull and post-cranial plates of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FD1CBF31FB84EF5D" box="[763,1050,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FD1CBF31FB84EF5D" box="[763,1050,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">Brachycephalus darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FBC2BF31FB1CEF5C" bold="true" box="[1061,1154,332,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFF1FFB7FBC2BF31FB1CEF5C" box="[1061,1154,332,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
distinguishes it from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FA63BF30FEBCEFB1" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albolineatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FA63BF30FEBCEFB1" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. albolineatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FEDFBF0CFE73EFB1" box="[312,493,369,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroguttatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FEDFBF0CFE73EFB1" box="[312,493,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. auroguttatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FDE3BF0CFD0CEFB1" box="[516,658,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boticario">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FDE3BF0CFD0CEFB1" box="[516,658,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. boticario</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FD4FBF0CFCA6EFB1" box="[680,824,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FD4FBF0CFCA6EFB1" box="[680,824,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. brunneus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FCA9BF0CFC77EFB1" box="[846,1001,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="didactylus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FCA9BF0CFC77EFB1" box="[846,1001,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. didactylus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FC18BF0CFB05EFB1" box="[1023,1179,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ferruginus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FC18BF0CFB05EFB1" box="[1023,1179,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. ferruginus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FB55BF0CFAF0EFB1" box="[1202,1390,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscolineatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FB55BF0CFAF0EFB1" box="[1202,1390,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. fuscolineatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FA63BF0CFEB8EF95" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermogenesi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FA63BF0CFEB8EF95" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. hermogenesi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FEDEBFE8FE4EEF95" box="[313,464,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="izecksohni">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FEDEBFE8FE4EEF95" box="[313,464,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. izecksohni</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FE03BFE8FDE9EF95" box="[484,631,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leopardus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FE03BFE8FDE9EF95" box="[484,631,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. leopardus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FD6DBFE8FCD2EF95" box="[650,844,405,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mariaeterezae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FD6DBFE8FCD2EF95" box="[650,844,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. mariaeterezae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FCB8BFE8FC73EF95" box="[863,1005,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FCB8BFE8FC73EF95" box="[863,1005,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. olivaceus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FBE7BFE8FBF5EF95" box="[1024,1131,405,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pernix">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FBE7BFE8FBF5EF95" box="[1024,1131,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. pernix</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FB99BFE8FB60EF95" box="[1150,1278,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pombali">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FB99BFE8FB60EF95" box="[1150,1278,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. pombali</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FAF7BFE8FAEEEF95" box="[1296,1392,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulex">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FAF7BFE8FAEEEF95" box="[1296,1392,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. pulex</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FA63BFE8FE86EFF6" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quiririensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FA63BFE8FE86EFF6" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. quiririensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FEC1BFC4FE2BEFE9" box="[294,437,440,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sulfuratus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FEC1BFC4FE2BEFE9" box="[294,437,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. sulfuratus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FE23BFC4FDC5EFE9" box="[452,603,440,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tridactylus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FE23BFC4FDC5EFE9" box="[452,603,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. tridactylus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FD75BFC4FCBAEFE9" box="[658,804,441,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FD75BFC4FCBAEFE9" box="[658,804,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B.verrucosus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(absent in the referred species). The new species differs from the remaining species by the presence of paravertebral plates, except
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FBE4BFA0FB05EFCD" box="[1027,1179,476,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FBE4BFA0FB05EFCD" box="[1027,1179,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FB4ABFA0FAD8EFCD" box="[1197,1350,476,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garbeanus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FB4ABFA0FAD8EFCD" box="[1197,1350,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. garbeanus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FA63BFA0FEB6EC2E" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FA63BFA0FEB6EC2E" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. margaritatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(paravertebral plates present in those species). The lack of osteoderms distinguishes
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FB16BC7CFAECEC21" box="[1265,1394,512,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FB16BC7CFAECEC21" box="[1265,1394,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FA9DBF82FF56EC04" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFF1FFB7FA9DBF82FF56EC04" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FEEBBC58FE3FEC05" box="[268,417,548,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atelopoide">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FEEBBC58FE3FEC05" box="[268,417,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. atelopoide</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FE48BC58FD81EC05" box="[431,543,549,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crispus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FE48BC58FD81EC05" box="[431,543,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. crispus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FDB1BC58FC98EC05" box="[598,774,549,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FDB1BC58FC98EC05" box="[598,774,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. margaritatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(present in those species).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFF1FFB7FF20BC3AFD7CEDB9" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">
|
|||
|
|
The presence of paravertebral plates in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FD6BBC35FC37EC59" box="[652,937,584,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FD6BBC35FC37EC59" box="[652,937,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">Brachycephalus darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FC54BC3AFB90EC59" bold="true" box="[947,1038,583,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFF1FFB7FC54BC3AFB90EC59" box="[947,1038,583,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
resembles the ones observed in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FA63BC34FE93ECBD" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FA63BC34FE93ECBD" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FEFABC10FE2AECBD" box="[285,436,620,644]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garbeanus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FEFABC10FE2AECBD" box="[285,436,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. garbeanus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FE09BC10FD3EECBD" box="[494,672,621,644]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FE09BC10FD3EECBD" box="[494,672,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. margaritatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. However, the new species differs from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FB95BC10FA97ECBD" box="[1138,1289,620,644]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FB95BC10FA97ECBD" box="[1138,1289,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by the welldeveloped parotic plates, laterally projected (not projected in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FCA4BCECFC49EC91" box="[835,983,656,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FCA4BCECFC49EC91" box="[835,983,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
), and by the convex paravertebral plates (flat in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FF0EBCC8FEE1ECF5" box="[233,383,692,716]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FF0EBCC8FEE1ECF5" box="[233,383,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FE71BCC9FD2CECF5" box="[406,690,692,716]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FE71BCC9FD2CECF5" box="[406,690,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">Brachycephalus darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FD5EBCC9FC8DECF4" bold="true" box="[697,787,692,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFF1FFB7FD5EBCC9FC8DECF4" box="[697,787,692,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
differs from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FC40BCC8FBA2ECF5" box="[935,1084,692,716]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garbeanus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FC40BCC8FBA2ECF5" box="[935,1084,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. garbeanus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by having the dorsal shield not projected over the vertebral spine (projected over the borders of the vertebral spine in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FB93BCA4FA94ECC9" box="[1140,1290,728,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garbeanus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FB93BCA4FA94ECC9" box="[1140,1290,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. garbeanus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
), and by the convex central shape and rounded edges of paravertebral plates (paravertebral plates flat with square edges in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FA63BC80FE93ED01" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garbeanus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FA63BC80FE93ED01" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. garbeanus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
). It is distinguished from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FDA1BD5CFD64ED0E" box="[582,762,800,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FDA1BD5CFD64ED0E" box="[582,762,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. margaritatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by the first and second spinal plates with trapezium and rectangular shape, respectively (both triangular in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FD39BD38FC0FED65" box="[734,913,837,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FD39BD38FC0FED65" box="[734,913,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. margaritatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) and by the dorsal plate with rounded edges (nearly square and curved down in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FDC5BD14FD4CED46" box="[546,722,872,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FDC5BD14FD4CED46" box="[546,722,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. margaritatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFF1FFB7FF20BDF1FEA5EA61" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">
|
|||
|
|
The new species differs by its larger SVL (
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="E15AD997FFF1FFB7FD43BDF1FCD7ED9D" box="[676,841,908,933]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6649999999999998" metricValueMax="1.85" metricValueMin="1.48" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" unit="mm" value="16.65" valueMax="18.5" valueMin="14.8">
|
|||
|
|
14.8
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FD31BDF1FD7AED9C" bold="true" box="[726,740,908,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">–</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
18.5 mm
|
|||
|
|
</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
) from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FC72BDF1FB44ED9D" box="[917,1242,908,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albolineatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FC72BDF1FB44ED9D" box="[917,1242,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">Brachycephalus albolineatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FB0FBDF0FA0BED9D" box="[1256,1429,909,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroguttatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FB0FBDF0FA0BED9D" box="[1256,1429,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. auroguttatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FF70BDCCFE83EDF1" box="[151,285,944,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boticario">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FF70BDCCFE83EDF1" box="[151,285,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. boticario</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FECCBDCCFE2CEDF1" box="[299,434,944,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FECCBDCCFE2CEDF1" box="[299,434,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. brunneus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FE27BDCCFDCDEDF1" box="[448,595,944,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="didactylus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FE27BDCCFDCDEDF1" box="[448,595,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. didactylus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FD86BDCCFC8AEDF1" box="[609,788,944,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscolineatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FD86BDCCFC8AEDF1" box="[609,788,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. fuscolineatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FCC5BDCCFC04EDFE" box="[802,922,944,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guarani">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FCC5BDCCFC04EDFE" box="[802,922,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. guarani</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FC4FBDCCFBC8EDF1" box="[936,1110,944,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermogenesi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FC4FBDCCFBC8EDF1" box="[936,1110,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. hermogenesi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FB83BDCCFB67EDF1" box="[1124,1273,944,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="izecksohni">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FB83BDCCFB67EDF1" box="[1124,1273,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. izecksohni</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FAE0BDCCFA0BEDF1" box="[1287,1429,944,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leopardus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FAE0BDCCFA0BEDF1" box="[1287,1429,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. leopardus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FF70BDA8FEC6EDD5" box="[151,344,981,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mariaeterezae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FF70BDA8FEC6EDD5" box="[151,344,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. mariaeterezae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FE8FBDA8FE62EDD5" box="[360,508,980,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nodoterga">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FE8FBDA8FE62EDD5" box="[360,508,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. nodoterga</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FDEBBDA8FD06EDD5" box="[524,664,980,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FDEBBDA8FD06EDD5" box="[524,664,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. olivaceus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FD4EBDA8FCBEEDD5" box="[681,800,981,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pitanga">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FD4EBDA8FCBEEDD5" box="[681,800,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. pitanga</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FCD6BDA8FC10EDD5" box="[817,910,980,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulex">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FCD6BDA8FC10EDD5" box="[817,910,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. pulex</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FC78BDA8FBDCEDD5" box="[927,1090,981,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quiririensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FC78BDA8FBDCEDD5" box="[927,1090,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. quiririensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FB99BDA8FA84EDD5" box="[1150,1306,981,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FB99BDA8FA84EDD5" box="[1150,1306,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. verrucosus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(combined SVL in those species: 7.0–14.0 mm).
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FDDABD85FCC7EA29" box="[573,857,1016,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FDDABD85FCC7EA29" box="[573,857,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">Brachycephalus darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FC87BD8AFC24EA29" bold="true" box="[864,954,1015,1040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFF1FFB7FC87BD8AFC24EA29" box="[864,954,1015,1040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
differs from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FBAABD84FB41EA29" box="[1101,1247,1016,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="didactylus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FBAABD84FB41EA29" box="[1101,1247,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. didactylus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FB09BD84FA02EA29" box="[1262,1436,1016,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermogenesi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FB09BD84FA02EA29" box="[1262,1436,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. hermogenesi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FF21BA60FEBFEA0D" box="[198,289,1052,1076]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulex">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FF21BA60FEBFEA0D" box="[198,289,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. pulex</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by the bufoniform body and snout rounded in dorsal view (body leptodactyliform and snout pointed in those species).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFF1FFB7FF20BA19FC37EB6C" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">
|
|||
|
|
The absence of metacarpal and metatarsal tubercles distinguish the new species from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FB00BA19FEB8EA99" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermogenesi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FB00BA19FEB8EA99" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">Brachycephalus hermogenesi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(metacarpal and out metatarsal present in this species),
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FC7ABAF4FBD4EA99" box="[925,1098,1161,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroguttatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FC7ABAF4FBD4EA99" box="[925,1098,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. auroguttatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FBBEBAF4FB41EA99" box="[1113,1247,1160,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boticario">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FBBEBAF4FB41EA99" box="[1113,1247,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. boticario</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FB0ABAF4FAEBEA99" box="[1261,1397,1160,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FB0ABAF4FAEBEA99" box="[1261,1397,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. brunneus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FA63BAF4FEB5EAFD" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscolineatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FA63BAF4FEB5EAFD" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. fuscolineatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FEDEBAD0FE79EAFD" box="[313,487,1196,1220]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermogenesi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FEDEBAD0FE79EAFD" box="[313,487,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. hermogenesi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FE12BAD0FD17EAFD" box="[501,649,1196,1220]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="izecksohni">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FE12BAD0FD17EAFD" box="[501,649,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. izecksohni</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FD70BAD0FCBBEAFD" box="[663,805,1196,1220]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leopardus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FD70BAD0FCBBEAFD" box="[663,805,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. leopardus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FCD4BAD0FC6CEAFD" box="[819,1010,1197,1220]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mariaeterezae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FCD4BAD0FC6CEAFD" box="[819,1010,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. mariaeterezae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FBE7BAD0FB17EAFD" box="[1024,1161,1196,1220]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FBE7BAD0FB17EAFD" box="[1024,1161,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. olivaceus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FB70BAD0FA92EAFD" box="[1175,1292,1197,1220]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pitanga">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FB70BAD0FA92EAFD" box="[1175,1292,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. pitanga</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FAFDBAD0FAE8EAFD" box="[1306,1398,1196,1220]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulex">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FAFDBAD0FAE8EAFD" box="[1306,1398,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. pulex</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FA63BAD0FE86EADE" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quiririensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FA63BAD0FE86EADE" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. quiririensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FEC1BAACFEEAEAD1" box="[294,372,1232,1256]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="toby">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FEC1BAACFEEAEAD1" box="[294,372,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. toby</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FE4CBAACFDDAEAD1" box="[427,580,1233,1256]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FE4CBAACFDDAEAD1" box="[427,580,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. verrucosus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(outer metatarsal present in those species).
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FBCABAADFAA2EAD1" box="[1069,1340,1232,1256]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brahycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FBCABAADFAA2EAD1" box="[1069,1340,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">Brahycephalus darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FAA4BAB2FA02EAD1" bold="true" box="[1347,1436,1231,1256]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFF1FFB7FAA4BAB2FA02EAD1" box="[1347,1436,1231,1256]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
differs from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FECFBA88FE2FEB35" box="[296,433,1268,1292]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FECFBA88FE2FEB35" box="[296,433,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. brunneus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FE26BA88FDC3EB35" box="[449,605,1268,1292]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bufonoides">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FE26BA88FDC3EB35" box="[449,605,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. bufonoides</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FD8ABA88FC98EB35" box="[621,774,1268,1292]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ferruginus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FD8ABA88FDE0EB35" box="[621,638,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FD69BA89FC98EB35" box="[654,774,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">ferruginus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FCE1BA89FC37EB35" box="[774,937,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FCF4BA88FC37EB35" box="[787,937,1268,1292]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="izecksohni">B. izecksohni</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FC04BA88FBFEEB35" box="[995,1120,1268,1292]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pombali">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FC04BA88FBFEEB35" box="[995,1120,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. pombali</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by the absence of maxillae teeth (present in those species). The large head (wider than long) distinguishes
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FBA0BB64FB55EB09" box="[1095,1227,1304,1328]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brahycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FBA0BB64FB55EB09" box="[1095,1227,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FB30BB6AFAA8EB09" bold="true" box="[1239,1334,1303,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFF1FFB7FB30BB6AFAA8EB09" box="[1239,1334,1303,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FA63BB64FE93EB6D" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FA63BB64FE93EB6D" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FEA4BB40FE46EB6D" box="[323,472,1340,1364]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garbeanus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FEA4BB40FE46EB6D" box="[323,472,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. garbeanus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(head longer than wide in those species).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFF1FFB7FF20BB22FB0BE8D9" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">
|
|||
|
|
The advertisement call of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FE0ABB1DFC97EB41" box="[493,777,1376,1400]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FE0ABB1DFC97EB41" box="[493,777,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">Brachycephalus darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FCF7BB22FCF4EB41" bold="true" box="[784,874,1375,1400]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFF1FFB7FCF7BB22FCF4EB41" box="[784,874,1375,1400]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
distinguishes it from all its congeneric species by the presence of harmonic structures (absent in the other species of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FC57BBF9FBFAEBA5" box="[944,1124,1412,1436]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FC57BBF9FBFAEBA5" box="[944,1124,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">Brachycephalus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
; see
|
|||
|
|
<tableCitation id="6B2041C9FFF1FFB7FB40BBF9FB60EBA5" box="[1191,1278,1412,1437]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,239,1200,1223]" captionText="TABLE 3. Call parameters in the genus Brachycephalus. Note duration in ms (ND); Interval between notes in ms (NI); Note rate in notes / s (NR); Number of pulses per note (PN); Pulse rate in pulses / s (PR); Peak frequency in kHz (PF); Dominant frequency range in kHz (DF). 1: Peak frequency in this work. 2: Emphasized frequencies in Pombal et al. (1994). 3: Notes / min in Araújo et al. (2012). 4: Calls / s in Garey et al. (2012). 5: Range of values not made available in the call description. Range (mean ± SD)." pageId="7" pageNumber="334">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
|||
|
|
for complete comparison). It is distinguished from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FDD9BBD4FD54EBF9" box="[574,714,1448,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tridactylu">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FDD9BBD4FD54EBF9" box="[574,714,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. tridactylu</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
s by the pulsed notes (not pulsed in this species), from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FAD2BBD4FA02EB86" box="[1333,1436,1448,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pernix">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FAD2BBD4FA02EB86" box="[1333,1436,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. pernix</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by having five to eight pulses per note (three in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FD2EBBB0FCADEBDD" box="[713,819,1485,1508]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pernix">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FD2EBBB0FCADEBDD" box="[713,819,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. pernix</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
), and from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FC58BBB0FBA8EBDD" box="[959,1078,1485,1508]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pitanga">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FC58BBB0FBA8EBDD" box="[959,1078,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. pitanga</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by having less pulses per note (mean of 11.1± 1.2 pulses per note in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FDB9BB8CFD49E83E" box="[606,727,1520,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pitanga">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FDB9BB8CFD49E83E" box="[606,727,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. pitanga</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
). It is distinguished from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FBEABB8CFB1FE83E" box="[1037,1153,1520,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crispus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FBEABB8CFB1FE83E" box="[1037,1153,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. crispus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FB74BB8CFADBE831" box="[1171,1349,1520,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermogenesi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FB74BB8CFADBE831" box="[1171,1349,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. hermogenesi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FA63BB8CFF73E815" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pitanga">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FA63BB8CFF73E815" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. pitanga</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by the shorter notes (ND = 83–163 ms in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FD20B868FCD8E815" box="[711,838,1556,1580]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FD20B868FCD8E815" box="[711,838,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FCA9B869FC39E814" bold="true" box="[846,935,1556,1581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFF1FFB7FCA9B869FC39E814" box="[846,935,1556,1581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; ND = 280 ± 20 ms in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FB4BB868FA83E815" box="[1196,1309,1557,1580]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crispus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FB4BB868FA83E815" box="[1196,1309,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. crispus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
; ND = 200 ms in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FF3BB844FE15E869" box="[220,395,1592,1616]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermogenesi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FF3BB844FE15E869" box="[220,395,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. hermogenesi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
; ND = 170 ± 13 ms in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FD74B844FC96E876" box="[659,776,1592,1616]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pitanga">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FD74B844FC96E876" box="[659,776,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. pitanga</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) and by the higher note rate (NR = 186.4–243.4 notes/s in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FF70B820FE86E84D" box="[151,280,1628,1652]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FF70B820FE86E84D" box="[151,280,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FEC7B821FEE2E84C" bold="true" box="[288,380,1628,1653]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFF1FFB7FEC7B821FEE2E84C" box="[288,380,1628,1653]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; NR = 1.67 ± 0.09 notes/s in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FD34B820FCDBE84D" box="[723,837,1629,1652]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crispus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FD34B820FCDBE84D" box="[723,837,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. crispus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
; NR = 1.09 notes/s in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FBACB820FB65E84D" box="[1099,1275,1628,1652]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermogenesi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FBACB820FB65E84D" box="[1099,1275,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. hermogenesi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
; NR = 2.65 ± 0.18 notes/s in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FEA5B8FCFE29E8AE" box="[322,439,1664,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pitanga">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FEA5B8FCFE29E8AE" box="[322,439,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. pitanga</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FE37B8FDFD72E8A1" box="[464,748,1664,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FE37B8FDFD72E8A1" box="[464,748,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">Brachycephalus darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FD13B802FCD0E8A1" bold="true" box="[756,846,1663,1688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFF1FFB7FD13B802FCD0E8A1" box="[756,846,1663,1688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
has the lowest peak frequency within the genus (PF = 2.8–3.8 kHz in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF1FFB7FE8BB8D8FE6EE885" box="[364,496,1700,1724]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FE8BB8D8FE6EE885" box="[364,496,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">B. darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FE1BB8D9FDC7E884" bold="true" box="[508,601,1700,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFF1FFB7FE1BB8D9FDC7E884" box="[508,601,1700,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; combined dominant frequency in the other species =
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="E15AD997FFF1FFB7FB05B8D9FAC9E884" box="[1250,1367,1700,1725]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4477999999999998" metricValueMax="1.7271999999999998" metricValueMin="1.1683999999999999" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" unit="in" value="5.699999999999999" valueMax="6.8" valueMin="4.6">4.6–6.8 in</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
other species;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="42330983FFF1FFB7FF11B8BAFE53E8D9" author="Condez" box="[246,461,1735,1760]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" refString="Condez, T. H., Clemente-Carvalho, R. B. G., Haddad, C. F. B. & dos Reis, S. F. (2014) A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the highlands of the Atlantic Forest, Southeastern Brazil. Herpetologica, 70, 89 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / HERPETOLOGICA-D- 13 - 00044" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
|||
|
|
Condez
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FEB4B8B4FE15E8D9" box="[339,395,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2014
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="42330983FFF1FFB7FE3FB8BAFD2BE8D9" author="Verdade" box="[472,693,1735,1760]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" refString="Verdade, K. V., Rodrigues, M. T., Cassimiro, J., Pavan, D., Liou, N. & Lange, M. C. (2008) Advertisement call, vocal activity, and geographic distribution of Brachycephalus hermogenesi (Giaretta and Sawaya, 1998) (Anura, Brachycephalidae). Journal of Herpetology, 42, 542 - 549." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
|||
|
|
Verdade
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FDDCB8B4FDEDE8D9" box="[571,627,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2008
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="42330983FFF1FFB7FD27B8BAFC15E8D9" author="Araujo" box="[704,907,1735,1760]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" refString="Araujo, C. B., Guerra, T. J., Amatuzzi, M. C. O. & Campo, L. A. (2012) Advertisement and territorial calls of Brachycephalus pitanga (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Zootaxa, 3302, 66 - 67." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
|||
|
|
Araújo
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FCF3B8B4FCD2E8D9" box="[788,844,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2012
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="42330983FFF1FFB7FC25B8B5FB17E8D9" author="Garey" box="[962,1161,1736,1760]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" refString="Garey, M. V., Lima, A. M. X., Hartmann, M. T. & Haddad, C. F. B. (2012) A new species of miniaturized toadlet genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae), from southern Brazil. Herpetologica, 68, 266 - 271. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / HERPETOLOGICA-D- 11 - 00074.1" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
|||
|
|
Garey
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FBEAB8B4FBDBE8D9" box="[1037,1093,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2012
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="6EB827F9FFF1FFBCFF20B891FDBEEEEE" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="339" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" type="description">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFF1FFB7FF20B891FC82E980" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FF20B891FE74E93C" bold="true" box="[199,490,1772,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">
|
|||
|
|
Description of
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="F919CAD0FFF1FFB7FE9BB891FE7BE93C" box="[380,485,1772,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="334" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Body robust and bufoniform; head wider than long, 32.9% (HL/SVL) and 34.4% (HW/SVL) (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="BE9968F7FFF1FFB7FEC0B972FEF6E911" box="[295,360,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1801,1823]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,628,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,628,1780]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. holotype (MZUFV 16636, SVL 17.9 mm). (A) Dorsal and (B) ventral views of the body; (C) lateral view of the head; (D) palmar view of the hand and (E) plantar view of the foot. Scale bar = 3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570095/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
A); snout short, rounded in dorsal and lateral views; nostrils slit-shaped, slightly protuberant, anterolaterally directed;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF1FFB7FE54B949FDEAE975" box="[435,628,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="334">canthus rostralis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
indistinct; loreal region weakly concave; lips sigmoid; eyes slightly protruding, anterolaterally directed, 8.7% (ED/HW) and 30% (ED/HL); tympanum indistinct; vocal sac not externally expanded; vocal slit presents; tongue longer than wide, posterior half not adhered to the mouth floor; choanae small and round; vomerine odontophores absent.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="72DD24FAFFFEFFB8FF70BD68FB0AED70" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570099/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="335" targetBox="[151,1436,193,767]" targetPageId="8">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFFEFFB8FF70BD68FB0AED70" blockId="8.[151,1435,789,841]" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFEFFB8FF70BD68FE8DED12" bold="true" box="[151,275,789,811]" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Ventral and dorsal view of dissected preserved specimens of (A)
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFEFFB8FC50BD68FB26ED12" box="[951,1208,789,811]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFEFFB8FC50BD68FB26ED12" box="[951,1208,789,811]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">Brachycephalus darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFEFFB8FB27BD68FA8FED12" bold="true" box="[1216,1297,789,811]" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFFEFFB8FB27BD68FA8FED12" box="[1216,1297,789,811]" pageId="8" pageNumber="335" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, showing the presence of dark tissue in the dorsal musculature, and (B) the absence of dark tissue in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFEFFB8FBE0BD49FB10ED70" box="[1031,1166,819,841]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFEFFB8FBE0BD49FB10ED70" box="[1031,1166,819,841]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="72DD24FAFFFEFFB8FF70B92DFEA2E9FB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570100/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="335" targetBox="[303,1278,899,1841]" targetPageId="8">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFFEFFB8FF70B92DFEA2E9FB" blockId="8.[151,1436,1872,1986]" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFEFFB8FF70B92DFE8DE95F" bold="true" box="[151,275,1872,1894]" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Spectrogram (above) and oscillogram (bellow) of the calls of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFEFFB8FC74B92DFB0AE95F" box="[915,1172,1872,1894]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFEFFB8FC74B92DFB0AE95F" box="[915,1172,1872,1894]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">Brachycephalus darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFEFFB8FB7BB92DFB73E95F" bold="true" box="[1180,1261,1872,1894]" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFFEFFB8FB7BB92DFB73E95F" box="[1180,1261,1872,1894]" pageId="8" pageNumber="335" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(A) Sequence of four notes of the advertisement call, recorded on 20 November 2015, 12h40, air temperature 22°C, paratype MZUFV 16629. (B) Sequence of six notes of the aggressive call, recorded on 17 December 2015, 19h00, air temperature 19°C, holotype MZUFV 16636.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFFFFFB9FF20BEE5FF78EFB1" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">
|
|||
|
|
Arm and forearm relatively slender; arm slightly shorter than forearm (AL 22.3% and FAL 22.3% of SVL); forearm slightly hypertrophied; hands shorter than arm. All fingers are distinct; fingers II and III robust; I and IV very small, vestigial; tip of finger I rounded and the others pointed; relative lengths of fingers IV <I <II <III; subarticular, inner and outer metacarpal tubercles absent (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="BE9968F7FFFFFFB9FCF9BF79FCC3EF25" box="[798,861,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1801,1823]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,628,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,628,1780]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. holotype (MZUFV 16636, SVL 17.9 mm). (A) Dorsal and (B) ventral views of the body; (C) lateral view of the head; (D) palmar view of the hand and (E) plantar view of the foot. Scale bar = 3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570095/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
E). Shank as long as thigh (SHL/SVL = 37.2% and THL/SVL = 39.5%); foot longer than tarsus and shorter than shank; toes II, III e IV relatively distinct with pointed tip, I and V vestigial; relative length of toes I <V <II <III <IV; subarticular, inner and outer metatarsal tubercles absent.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFFFFFB9FF20BFE9FD39EFCD" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">
|
|||
|
|
Skin on head and dorsum rough, due to surface ornamentation of the skull and post-cranial plates; posterior region of the body with few scattered warts; skin of the body granular dorsolaterally and around cloacal opening; skin on belly and limbs smooth (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="BE9968F7FFFFFFB9FDE2BFA1FDCCEFCD" box="[517,594,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1801,1823]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,628,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,628,1780]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. holotype (MZUFV 16636, SVL 17.9 mm). (A) Dorsal and (B) ventral views of the body; (C) lateral view of the head; (D) palmar view of the hand and (E) plantar view of the foot. Scale bar = 3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570095/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="BE9968F7FFFFFFB9FD6EBFA1FD07EFCD" box="[649,665,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,171,1381]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,171,1381]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photos of Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. in life: (A) female, (B) male, (C) same male hidden beneath roots, (D) roots where the male was found." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570101/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">7</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFFFFFB9FF20BF82FC31EC04" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFFFFB9FF20BF82FDEBEC21" bold="true" box="[199,629,511,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">
|
|||
|
|
Measurements of
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="F919CAD0FFFFFFB9FE79BF82FD9BEC21" box="[414,517,511,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="336" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
(in mm).
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
SVL 17.9, HL 5.9, HW 6.2, ED 1.8, IOD 2.2, END 1.0, ND 0.4, IND 2.2, UAL 4.0, FAL 4.3, HAL 3.3, THL 7.1, SHL 6.7, TAL 4.1, FL 5.6.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFFFFFB9FF20BC3AFAE2EA29" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFFFFB9FF20BC3AFEDDEC59" bold="true" box="[199,323,583,608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">Osteology.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="BE9968F7FFFFFFB9FEB5BC3AFE2BEC59" box="[338,437,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[170,1418,315,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,301,1837]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cleared and double-stained specimen of Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. (paratype MZUFV 15566, SVL 16.14 mm, adult). Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) view of the skull; dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views of the skull, vertebrae and para-axial bony plates. Legends: exoc (exoccipital), fp (frontoparietal), max (maxilla), nas (nasal), owin (oval window), pmax (premaxilla), ppl (parotic plate), prsph (parasphenoid), ptr (pterigoid), PV (pressacral vertebrae), pvpl (paravertebral plate), sac (sacrum), sq (squamosal), SPl (spinal plate), sphen (sphenethmoid), uro (urostyle), vm (vomer)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570096/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) The cleared and double stained specimens revealed a well-developed parotic plate and ornamented dermal roofing bones in the skull of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFFFFB9FD52BC11FC4FECBD" box="[693,977,620,644]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFFFFB9FD52BC11FC4FECBD" box="[693,977,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">Brachycephalus darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFFFFB9FC30BC11FBAEECBC" bold="true" box="[983,1072,620,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFFFFFB9FC30BC11FBAEECBC" box="[983,1072,620,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="336" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Dorsomedially, the parotic plate articulates with the frontoparietal. Laterally, the parotic plate is expanded, making the posterior region of head wide and, consequently, the head wider than long. Nasal, sphenethmoid, frontoparietals, prootics, and exoccipital fused, forming a dorsal cranial plate. Premaxillae broad, not fused medially; pars dentalis present, but odontoids absent. Alary process of premaxillae distinct, narrowly separated from the nasal and widely separated from each other, with length approximately twice of height. In ventral view, maxillae arched, odontoids absent. Quadratojugal absent. Pterygoid slender, anterior ramus long, articulating with maxillary arch; posterior ramus short, articulating with ventral ramus of squamosal; medial ramus short, articulating with the prootic. Dentigerous process of vomer absent, prechoanal and postchoanal ramus reduced but distinct. Palatine absent. Parasphenoid robust. Squamosal broad in lateral view; anterior zygmatic ramus extremely reduced, not ornamented; posterior otic ramus short, allocated below the parotic plate and may or not present ornamentations on the anterior portion not covered by the parotic plate. Anterior zygmatic ramus short and not ornamented. Tympanic annulus absent. Mandible edentate.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFFFFFB9FF20BA61FC33EAD1" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">
|
|||
|
|
Pectoral girdle arciferal and robust (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="BE9968F7FFFFFFB9FD96BA61FD29EA0D" box="[625,695,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[208,1344,209,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[206,1361,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov., (A) dorsal view of right hand, dorsal view of right foot, and (C) ventral view of pectoral girdle with scapula and supra-scapula deflected." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570097/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
C). Procoracoid and epicoracoid fused and completely ossified. Procoracoid and epicoracoid synostotically united with clavicle, coracoid, and scapula. Suprascapula expanded, with anterior half ossified as cleithrum. Omosternum and sternum absent. Ventral column composed of eight nonimbricate vertebrae and hyperossified spinal process of vertebrae. Atlas (first pressacral vertebra) lacks transverse process. Presence of paravertebral and spinal plates well developed and ornamented. Spinal plates associated with the spinal process of all presacral and sacral vertebrae.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFFFFFB9FF20BA89FDCCE814" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">First spinal plate (vertebra II) broad; trapezium convex-shaped; second spinal plate (vertebra III) thin, almost rectangle convex-shaped and nearly joint with principal group of dorsal plates. Dorsally, the paravertebral plate completely conceals the transverse process of vertebra IV-VII, and partially covers the posterior tip of transverse process of vertebra III. Lateral edge of the paravertebral plates almost rounded; anterior and posterior corners reach the level of transverse process of vertebra II and almost the sacral diapophysis, respectively. Paravertebral plates fused medially to the block consisting of the fusion of spinal plates IV–VII (VIII in some individuals). Ventrally, transverse process of vertebrae IV and V fused to the paravertebral plates. Dorsally, the central of each paravertebral plate has an elevation that provides a convex shape. Parotic, cranial, spinal and paravertebral plates ornamented with dermal roofing bones.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFFFFFB9FF20B844FD3CE974" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">
|
|||
|
|
Forearm slightly shorter than humerus. Radius and ulna fused and distinguishable. Manus with distal carpals (I–V) fused, with centrale, radiale and ulnare about the same size. Prepollex very reduced, with one element. Phalangeal formula 1-2-3-1 (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="BE9968F7FFFFFFB9FE3BB802FD83E8A1" box="[476,541,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[208,1344,209,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[206,1361,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov., (A) dorsal view of right hand, dorsal view of right foot, and (C) ventral view of pectoral girdle with scapula and supra-scapula deflected." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570097/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
A). Tips of the terminal phalangeal elements of fingers arrow-shaped. Tibia and fibula fused, distinguishable, forming tibiafibula. Tibiafibula and femur of approximately the same length. Tibiale and fibulare fused at their distal and proximal ends, not fused medially. Hindlimbs with tarsal elements I, II, III present, and IV–V absent; centrale present. One very-reduced prehallical element. Phalangeal formula 1-2-3-4-1 (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="BE9968F7FFFFFFB9FF78B972FF7AE911" box="[159,228,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[208,1344,209,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[206,1361,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov., (A) dorsal view of right hand, dorsal view of right foot, and (C) ventral view of pectoral girdle with scapula and supra-scapula deflected." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570097/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
B). Tips of terminal phalangeal elements of toes II, III and IV arrow shaped. Toes I and V reduced with terminal phalangeal element rounded in shape.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFFFFFB9FF20B92AFAE0E981" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFFFFB9FF20B92AFEA0E949" bold="true" box="[199,318,1879,1904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">Histology.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Histological analysis showed a connective tissue covering the dorsal musculature (epimysium), and between muscle fibers (perimysium and endomysium) (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="BE9968F7FFFFFFB9FCFBB901FCFCE9AD" box="[796,866,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1565,1587]" captionTargetBox="[168,1416,203,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1435,193,1544]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Histological analysis: (A) Dissected individual of Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. (MZUFV 16579); (A 1) closer view of the dark tissue; (A 2) detail in the provision of pigmented tissue that follows adjacent muscle fibers. Transverse sections: (B) inclusion in resin; longitudinal section (C) inclusion in paraffin. Arrows indicate the dark pigments of connective tissue: epimysium (epm), perimysium (prm) and endomysium (edm). Muscle tissue (msc)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570098/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
A-D). This tissue presented spots of extracellular matrix containing dark pigments, which were reflected in the macroscopy of fixed specimens as well (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="BE9968F7FFFFFFB9FAF7B9DDFACCE981" box="[1296,1362,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1801,1823]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,628,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,628,1780]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. holotype (MZUFV 16636, SVL 17.9 mm). (A) Dorsal and (B) ventral views of the body; (C) lateral view of the head; (D) palmar view of the hand and (E) plantar view of the foot. Scale bar = 3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570095/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
A).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="72DD24FAFFFCFFBAFF70BB07FE7FEB97" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570101/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" targetBox="[151,1436,171,1381]" targetPageId="10">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFFCFFBAFF70BB07FE7FEB97" blockId="10.[151,1436,1402,1454]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFCFFBAFF70BB07FE8CEBA9" bold="true" box="[151,274,1402,1424]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Photos of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFCFFBAFE99BB07FDE0EBA9" box="[382,638,1402,1424]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFCFFBAFE99BB07FDE0EBA9" box="[382,638,1402,1424]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">Brachycephalus darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFCFFBAFD63BB07FD4AEBA9" bold="true" box="[644,724,1402,1424]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFFCFFBAFD63BB07FD4AEBA9" box="[644,724,1402,1424]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
in life: (A) female, (B) male, (C) same male hidden beneath roots, (D) roots where the male was found.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFFCFFBAFF20BBA6FB06E805" blockId="10.[151,1437,1499,2028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFCFFBAFF20BBA6FE7DEBCD" bold="true" box="[199,483,1499,1524]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">
|
|||
|
|
Coloration of
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="F919CAD0FFFCFFBAFE88BBA6FE40EBCD" box="[367,478,1499,1524]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
In life, body bright yellow-orange. Venter yellow-orange, slightly pale compared to remaining of body. Dark background at central region of dorsum, from posterior region of skull to inguinal region, beneath the yellow-orange skin. Dorsal plates slightly dark. Eyes completely black (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="BE9968F7FFFCFFBAFBA2B85EFB14E805" box="[1093,1162,1571,1596]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,171,1381]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,171,1381]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photos of Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. in life: (A) female, (B) male, (C) same male hidden beneath roots, (D) roots where the male was found." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570101/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFFCFFBAFF20B83AFD01E89E" blockId="10.[151,1437,1499,2028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFCFFBAFF20B83AFD96E859" bold="true" box="[199,520,1607,1632]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">Coloration in preservative.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
General body color cream. Dark background beneath the cream skin from central region of dorsum to inguinal region, including posterior region of skull. Ossified regions such as skull and dorsal plates grayish. Eyes completely black (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="BE9968F7FFFCFFBAFDABB8F2FD10E89E" box="[588,654,1679,1704]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1801,1823]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,628,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,628,1780]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. holotype (MZUFV 16636, SVL 17.9 mm). (A) Dorsal and (B) ventral views of the body; (C) lateral view of the head; (D) palmar view of the hand and (E) plantar view of the foot. Scale bar = 3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570095/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFFCFFBAFF20B8CEFD11E9D5" blockId="10.[151,1437,1499,2028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFCFFBAFF20B8CEFEA1E8F5" bold="true" box="[199,319,1715,1740]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">Variation.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Measurements of adults and juveniles are given in
|
|||
|
|
<tableCitation id="6B2041C9FFFCFFBAFC99B8CEFC4FE8F5" box="[894,977,1715,1740]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="11.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements in millimeters of Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. type series. Character abbreviations are listed in Material and Methods section." pageId="10" pageNumber="337">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
|||
|
|
. The density of warts along the posterior region of the body and granular regions vary between individuals (i.e., in some specimens the body is entirely smooth). Skull and post-cranial plates varies ontogenetically; juveniles may lack hyperossification or present skull and post-cranial skeleton less ornamented than adults, as previously described for
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFCFFBAFB82B962FE13E965" authority="Campos et al. 2010" authorityName="Campos et al." authorityYear="2010" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFCFFBAFB82B962FA02E90E" box="[1125,1436,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">Brachycephalus ephippium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="42330983FFFCFFBAFF79B939FE18E965" author="Campos" box="[158,390,1859,1884]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" refString="Campos, L. A., da Silva, H. R. & Sebben, A. (2010) Morphology and development of additional bony elements in the genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 99, 752 - 767. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.2010.01375. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
|||
|
|
Campos
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFCFFBAFEE2B939FEDEE962" box="[261,320,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2010
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Among adult individuals the paravertebral plates are proportionally different in size; they can be bigger or smaller in individuals of same size. The second spinal plate may contact spinal plates fused with paravertebral plates. The spinal plate of presacral VIII and sacral vertebra may be separated from the dorsal shield. The top of the squamosal may present ornamented dermal ossification. Some specimens presented 1/3 of tong adhered to floor of mouth, and oval choanae.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="72DD24FAFFFDFFBBFF70BEE5FDA6EEF6" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFFDFFBBFF70BEE5FDA6EEF6" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,207]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFDFFBBFF70BEE5FE92EE96" bold="true" box="[151,268,152,175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Measurements in millimeters of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFDFFBBFD90BEEAFC19EE96" box="[631,903,151,175]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFDFFBBFD90BEEAFC19EE96" box="[631,903,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Brachycephalus darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFDFFBBFC77BEE5FC76EE96" bold="true" box="[912,1000,152,175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFFDFFBBFC77BEE5FC76EE96" box="[912,1000,152,175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
type series. Character abbreviations are listed in Material and Methods section.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFFDFFBBFF78BE97FB71EDB2" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
|
|||
|
|
<table id="54A286D2FFFD004FFF78BE97FA96EDB2" box="[159,1288,234,907]" gridcols="5" gridrows="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="98927630FFFD004FFF78BE97FA96EF71" box="[159,1288,234,328]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFF78BE97FF47EF71" box="[159,217,234,328]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Traits SVL</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFEA5BE97FE60EF71" box="[322,510,234,328]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Adults (n = 31) Mean ± SD Range 16.7 ± 1.3</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFD95BE97FD46EF71" box="[626,728,234,328]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">14.8–18.5</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFC93BE97FBAEEF71" box="[884,1072,234,328]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Juveniles (n = 3) Mean ± SD Range 13 ± 2.0</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFB44BE97FA96EF71" box="[1187,1288,234,328]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">11.3–15.2</th>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="98927630FFFD004FFF78BF21FA96EFFD" box="[159,1288,348,452]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFF78BF21FF47EFFD" box="[159,217,348,452]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">HL HW ED</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFEA5BF21FE60EFFD" box="[322,510,348,452]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">5.5 ± 0.4 6.3 ± 0.5 1.8 ± 0.4</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFD95BF21FD46EFFD" box="[626,728,348,452]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">4.8–6.3 5.4–7.3 1.6–3.4</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFC93BF21FBAEEFFD" box="[884,1072,348,452]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">4.5 ± 0.5 5.2 ± 0.6 1.5 ± 0.1</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFB44BF21FA96EFFD" box="[1187,1288,348,452]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">3.9–5.0 4.6–5.8 1.4–1.6</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="98927630FFFD004FFF78BFA5FA96EC79" box="[159,1288,472,576]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFF78BFA5FF47EC79" box="[159,217,472,576]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">IOD END ND</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFEA5BFA5FE60EC79" box="[322,510,472,576]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">3.7 ± 0.4 1.0 ± 0.1 0.5 ± 0.03</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFD95BFA5FD46EC79" box="[626,728,472,576]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">2.5–4.1 0.9–1.2 0.4–0.6</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFC93BFA5FBAEEC79" box="[884,1072,472,576]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">3.0 ± 0.4 0.8 ± 0.1 0.4 ± 0.1</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFB44BFA5FA96EC79" box="[1187,1288,472,576]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">2.7–3.4 0.7–1.0 0.4–0.4</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="98927630FFFD004FFF78BC29FA96EC85" box="[159,1288,596,700]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFF78BC29FF47EC85" box="[159,217,596,700]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">IND UAL FAL</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFEA5BC29FE60EC85" box="[322,510,596,700]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">2.2 ± 0.1 3.4 ± 0.3 3.8 ± 0.5</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFD95BC29FD46EC85" box="[626,728,596,700]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">1.9–2.5 2.8–3.9 2.8–4.5</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFC93BC29FBAEEC85" box="[884,1072,596,700]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">1.8 ± 0.3 2.8 ± 0.7 3.1 ± 0.6</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFB44BC29FA96EC85" box="[1187,1288,596,700]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">1.6–2.1 2.1–3.6 2.8–3.8</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="98927630FFFD004FFF78BCADFA96ED01" box="[159,1288,720,824]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFF78BCADFF47ED01" box="[159,217,720,824]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">HAL THL SHL</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFEA5BCADFE60ED01" box="[322,510,720,824]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">3.2 ± 0.4 7.0 ± 0.7 6.5 ± 0.3</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFD95BCADFD46ED01" box="[626,728,720,824]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">2.0–3.6 6.3–9.3 5.9–7.0</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFC93BCADFBAEED01" box="[884,1072,720,824]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">3.1 ± 0.5 4.7 ± 2.1 4.2 ± 1.9</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFB44BCADFA96ED01" box="[1187,1288,720,824]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">2.4–3.4 2.3–6.3 2.1–5.9</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="98927630FFFD004FFF78BD31FA96EDB2" box="[159,1288,844,907]" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFF78BD31FF47EDB2" box="[159,217,844,907]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">TAL FL</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFEA5BD31FE60EDB2" box="[322,510,844,907]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">4.2 ± 0.4 5.4 ± 0.4</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFD95BD31FD46EDB2" box="[626,728,844,907]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">3.5–5.0 4.8–6.2</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFC93BD31FBAEEDB2" box="[884,1072,844,907]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">3.9 ± 0.8 4.3 ± 0.6</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFD004FFB44BD31FA96EDB2" box="[1187,1288,844,907]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">3.0–4.7 4.0–5.0</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</table>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFFDFFBBFF20BDB1FC1FEB81" blockId="11.[151,1436,972,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFDFFBBFF20BDB1FE11EDDC" bold="true" box="[199,399,972,997]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Call description.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
We observed two distinct calls of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFDFFBBFCF9BDB1FBA5EDDD" box="[798,1083,972,996]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFDFFBBFCF9BDB1FBA5EDDD" box="[798,1083,972,996]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Brachycephalus darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFDFFBBFBA3BDB1FB3EEDDC" bold="true" box="[1092,1184,972,997]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFFDFFBBFBA3BDB1FB3EEDDC" box="[1092,1184,972,997]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
herein referred as the advertisement call and an aggressive call (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFDFFBBFD9DBD8CFD26EA31" box="[634,696,1009,1032]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">sensu</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="42330983FFFDFFBBFD26BD92FC08EA31" author="Toledo" box="[705,918,1007,1032]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" refString="Toledo, L. F., Martins, I. A., Bruschi, D. P., Passos, M. A., Alexandre, C. & Haddad, C. F. (2015) The anuran calling repertoire in the light of social context. Acta Ethologica, 18, 87 - 89." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|||
|
|
Toledo
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFDFFBBFCF0BD8CFCCFEA31" box="[791,849,1008,1032]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2015
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The advertisement call is the most common
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="F919CAD0FFFDFFBBFF70BA68FF59EA14" box="[151,199,1045,1069]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
of call (76% of all calls, n = 790 notes;
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="BE9968F7FFFDFFBBFD4EBA69FD70EA14" box="[681,750,1044,1069]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[303,1278,899,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[296,1291,891,1850]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Spectrogram (above) and oscillogram (bellow) of the calls of Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. (A) Sequence of four notes of the advertisement call, recorded on 20 November 2015, 12 h 40, air temperature 22 ° C, paratype MZUFV 16629. (B) Sequence of six notes of the aggressive call, recorded on 17 December 2015, 19 h 00, air temperature 19 ° C, holotype MZUFV 16636." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570100/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
A,
|
|||
|
|
<tableCitation id="6B2041C9FFFDFFBBFCF4BA69FCF4EA15" box="[787,874,1044,1069]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,239,258,281]" captionText="TABLE 2. Parameters of the advertisement and aggressive calls of Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. Descriptions based on six individuals, recorded at Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro." pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) and is characterized by pulsed notes emitted in extremely long sequences. The longest call recorded had more 250 notes and was not fully recorded (NN = 114 ± 97.1, 9–253 notes per call, n = 7; CD = 30.4 ± 25.3, 2.9–
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="439612B5FFFDFFBBFCF4BA21FCC9EA4D" box="[787,855,1116,1141]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" precision="5555" value="-66.2">66.2 s</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
, n = 7 sequences). We were only able to record two intervals between calls, which ranged from 6.2 to
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="439612B5FFFDFFBBFD2ABAFDFC8FEAAE" box="[717,785,1152,1176]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" precision="5555" value="-11.2">11.2 s</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
, hampering the calculation of call rate. Each note had six pulses on average (PN = 6.3 ± 0.7, 5–8 pulses, n = 790 notes) emitted at constant rate (
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="E466BA90FFFDFFBBFB8EBAD9FB13EA85" box="[1129,1165,1188,1212]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">PR</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
= 56.9 ± 4.9, 36.8–78.4 pulses/s). The first pulse is often the most energetic one (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="BE9968F7FFFDFFBBFCD1BABAFCE5EAD9" box="[822,891,1223,1248]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[303,1278,899,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[296,1291,891,1850]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Spectrogram (above) and oscillogram (bellow) of the calls of Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. (A) Sequence of four notes of the advertisement call, recorded on 20 November 2015, 12 h 40, air temperature 22 ° C, paratype MZUFV 16629. (B) Sequence of six notes of the aggressive call, recorded on 17 December 2015, 19 h 00, air temperature 19 ° C, holotype MZUFV 16636." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570100/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
A), followed by a decrease in amplitude in the second pulse and a new rise in the next one or two pulses, then the amplitude fades until the last pulse. Note duration was relatively stereotyped (ND = 111.5 ± 13.7, 83–163 ms, n = 790 notes), and so was the interval between notes (NI = 159.5 ± 14.5, 122–215 ms, n = 783 intervals), and the note rate (NR = 211.4 ± 25.6, 186.4– 243.4 notes/min, n = 5 recordings). Dominant frequency (DF) ranged from 2484.4 to 5765.6 Hz with peak of energy around 3.3 kHz (PF = 3382.1 ± 184.6, 2856.4–3796.9 Hz). Up to three harmonics could be observed in the advertisement call, with only two of them visible in all recordings.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFFDFFBCFF20BBB9FDBEEEEE" blockId="11.[151,1436,972,2010]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,151,215]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="339" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
|
|||
|
|
A second
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="F919CAD0FFFDFFBBFED0BBB8FEF9EBE4" box="[311,359,1477,1501]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
of call was recorded whilst a male
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFDFFBBFD13BBB9FB91EBE5" box="[756,1039,1476,1500]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFDFFBBFD13BBB9FB91EBE5" box="[756,1039,1476,1500]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Brachycephalus darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFDFFBBFBF0BBB9FBEEEBE4" bold="true" box="[1047,1136,1476,1501]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFFDFFBBFBF0BBB9FBEEEBE4" box="[1047,1136,1476,1501]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
vocalized within
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="E15AD997FFFDFFBBFADFBBB9FAE3EBE5" box="[1336,1405,1476,1500]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
of a conspecific male in an aggressive social context (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFDFFBBFD05BB94FCBEE839" box="[738,800,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">sensu</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="42330983FFFDFFBBFCCEBB9AFC60E839" author="Toledo" box="[809,1022,1511,1536]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" refString="Toledo, L. F., Martins, I. A., Bruschi, D. P., Passos, M. A., Alexandre, C. & Haddad, C. F. (2015) The anuran calling repertoire in the light of social context. Acta Ethologica, 18, 87 - 89." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|||
|
|
Toledo
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFDFFBBFC98BB94FC26E839" box="[895,952,1512,1536]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2015
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The aggressive call (23%, n = 245 calls;
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="BE9968F7FFFDFFBBFF3CB871FE81E81C" box="[219,287,1548,1573]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[303,1278,899,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[296,1291,891,1850]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Spectrogram (above) and oscillogram (bellow) of the calls of Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. (A) Sequence of four notes of the advertisement call, recorded on 20 November 2015, 12 h 40, air temperature 22 ° C, paratype MZUFV 16629. (B) Sequence of six notes of the aggressive call, recorded on 17 December 2015, 19 h 00, air temperature 19 ° C, holotype MZUFV 16636." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570100/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
B,
|
|||
|
|
<tableCitation id="6B2041C9FFFDFFBBFEA7B871FE0BE81D" box="[320,405,1548,1573]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,239,258,281]" captionText="TABLE 2. Parameters of the advertisement and aggressive calls of Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. Descriptions based on six individuals, recorded at Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro." pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) is also characterized by pulsed notes emitted in sequences shorter than the ones from the advertisement call (CD = 4.1 ± 1.3, 2.4–
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="439612B5FFFDFFBBFDBEB852FD10E87E" box="[601,654,1583,1608]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" precision="5555" value="-6.9">6.9 s</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
, n = 10 calls), with variable number of notes (NN = 24.5 ± 7.9, 15–41 notes/call, n = 10 calls) and emitted about eight times per minute (CR = 8.46 calls/min, n = 1) with brief intervals (CI = 2.8 ± 0.7, 2.0–
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="439612B5FFFDFFBBFE98B805FE2BE8B6" box="[383,437,1656,1680]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" precision="5555" value="-3.8">3.8 s</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
, n = 9 intervals). Each note was shorter than the ones from the advertisement call (ND = 31.1 ± 5.7, 18–44 ms, n = 245 notes), emitted at higher rate (NR = 356.6 ± 6.5, 343.7–364.2 notes/min, n = 10 calls) and variable intervals (143.3 ± 16.7, 96–334 ms, n = 235 intervals). Notes had average of 2.5 pulses (PN = 2.5 ± 0.5, 2–3 pulses, n = 245 notes) emitted at higher rate (
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="E466BA90FFFDFFBBFCA4B899FCF9E8C5" box="[835,871,1764,1788]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">PR</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
= 79.9 ± 9.6, 57.1–111.1 pulses/s, n = 245 notes) than observed in the advertisement call. There is an increase in amplitude from the first to the second pulse, followed by a decline in amplitude from the second to the third pulse. Sometimes the second and third pulses were juxtaposed. Dominant frequency (DF) ranged from 2906.2 to 4406.2 Hz with peak of energy around 3.4 kHz (PF = 3429.7 ± 146.5, 3046.9– 3984.4 Hz). Notes of the aggressive call presented a downward frequency modulation: the first pulse presented the highest values of dominant frequency (DF1 = 3421.9–4218.8) and peak of energy (PF1 = 3895.5 ± 73.4, 3703.1–3984.4 Hz); the second pulse had intermediate values (DF2 = 3046.9–3937.5 Hz; PF2 = 3481.6 ± 109.8, 3328.1–3656.2 Hz) and the third pulse had the lowest values (DF3 = 3281.2–3515.6 Hz; PF3 = 3066.4 ± 71.7, 2953.1–3328.1 Hz).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="72DD24FAFFFAFFBCFF70BF7FFC12EF00" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFFAFFBCFF70BF7FFC12EF00" blockId="12.[151,1436,257,313]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFAFFBCFF70BF7FFE97EF20" bold="true" box="[151,265,258,281]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Parameters of the advertisement and aggressive calls of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFAFFBCFC84BF7CFBEFEF20" box="[867,1137,257,281]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFAFFBCFC84BF7CFBEFEF20" box="[867,1137,257,281]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Brachycephalus darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFAFFBCFB90BF7FFB52EF20" bold="true" box="[1143,1228,258,281]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFFAFFBCFB90BF7FFB52EF20" box="[1143,1228,258,281]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Descriptions based on six individuals, recorded at Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFFAFFBCFF78BF2BFB13EA56" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<table id="54A286D2FFFA004FFF78BF28FB73EA56" box="[159,1261,341,1135]" gridcols="3" gridrows="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="98927630FFFA004FFF78BF28FB73EFB3" box="[159,1261,341,394]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFF78BF28FE7CEFB3" box="[159,482,341,394]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Parameters</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFD83BF28FCCAEFB3" box="[612,852,341,394]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Advertisement call (n = 5 individuals)</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFC1ABF28FB73EFB3" box="[1021,1261,341,394]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Aggressive call (n = 1 individual)</th>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="98927630FFFA004FFF78BFE0FB73EFEB" box="[159,1261,413,466]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFF78BFE0FE7CEFEB" box="[159,482,413,466]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Number of notes per call</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFD83BFE0FCCAEFEB" box="[612,852,413,466]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">114 ± 97.1 (9–253) n = 7</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFC1ABFE0FB73EFEB" box="[1021,1261,413,466]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">24.5 ± 7.9 (15–41) n = 10</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="98927630FFFA004FFF78BF99FB73EC22" box="[159,1261,484,539]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFF78BF99FE7CEC22" box="[159,482,484,539]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Call duration (s)</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFD83BF99FCCAEC22" box="[612,852,484,539]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">30.4 ± 25.3 (2.9–66.2) n = 7</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFC1ABF99FB73EC22" box="[1021,1261,484,539]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">4.1 ± 1.3 (2.4–6.9) n = 10</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="98927630FFFA004FFF78BC50FB73EC5D" box="[159,1261,557,612]" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFF78BC50FE7CEC5D" box="[159,482,557,612]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Interval between calls (s)</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFD83BC50FCCAEC5D" box="[612,852,557,612]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">6.2–11.2 n = 2</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFC1ABC50FB73EC5D" box="[1021,1261,557,612]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">2.8 ± 0.7 (2.0–3.8) n = 9</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="98927630FFFA004FFF78BC05FB73ECB7" box="[159,1261,632,654]" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFF78BC05FE7CECB7" box="[159,482,632,654]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Call rate (calls/min)</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFD83BC05FCCAECB7" box="[612,852,632,654]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">–</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFC1ABC05FB73ECB7" box="[1021,1261,632,654]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">8.46; n =1</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="98927630FFFA004FFF78BCDDFB73ECEE" box="[159,1261,672,727]" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFF78BCDDFE7CECEE" box="[159,482,672,727]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Note duration (ms)</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFD83BCDDFCCAECEE" box="[612,852,672,727]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">111.5 ± 13.7 (83–163) n = 790</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFC1ABCDDFB73ECEE" box="[1021,1261,672,727]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">31.1 ± 5.7 (18–44) n = 245</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="98927630FFFA004FFF78BC97FB73ED18" box="[159,1261,746,801]" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFF78BC97FE7CED18" box="[159,482,746,801]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Interval between notes (ms)</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFD83BC97FCCAED18" box="[612,852,746,801]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">159.5 ± 14.5 (122–215) n = 783</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFC1ABC97FB73ED18" box="[1021,1261,746,801]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">143.3 ± 16.7 (96–334) n = 235</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="98927630FFFA004FFF78BD4EFB73ED53" box="[159,1261,819,874]" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFF78BD4EFE7CED53" box="[159,482,819,874]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Note rate (notes/min)</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFD83BD4EFCCAED53" box="[612,852,819,874]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">211.4 ± 25.6 (186.4–243.4) n = 5</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFC1ABD4EFB73ED53" box="[1021,1261,819,874]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">356.6 ± 6.5 (343.7–364.2) n = 10</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="98927630FFFA004FFF78BD01FB73ED8A" box="[159,1261,892,947]" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFF78BD01FE7CED8A" box="[159,482,892,947]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Number of pulses per note</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFD83BD01FCCAED8A" box="[612,852,892,947]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">6.3 ± 0.7 (5–8) n = 790</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFC1ABD01FB73ED8A" box="[1021,1261,892,947]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">2.5 ± 0.5 (2–3) n = 245</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="98927630FFFA004FFF78BDB8FB73EDC5" box="[159,1261,965,1020]" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFF78BDB8FE7CEDC5" box="[159,482,965,1020]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Pulse rate (pulses/s)</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFD83BDB8FCCAEDC5" box="[612,852,965,1020]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">56.9 ± 4.9 (36.8–78.4) n = 790</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFC1ABDB8FB73EDC5" box="[1021,1261,965,1020]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">79.9 ± 9.6 (57.1–111.1) n = 245</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="98927630FFFA004FFF78BA72FB73EA7F" box="[159,1261,1039,1094]" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFF78BA72FE7CEA7F" box="[159,482,1039,1094]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Peak frequency (Hz)</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFD83BA72FCCAEA7F" box="[612,852,1039,1094]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">3382.1 ± 184.6 (2856.4–3796.9) n = 790</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFC1ABA72FB73EA7F" box="[1021,1261,1039,1094]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">3429.7 ± 146.5 (3046.9–3984.4) n = 245</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="98927630FFFA004FFF78BA24FB73EA56" box="[159,1261,1113,1135]" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFF78BA24FE7CEA56" box="[159,482,1113,1135]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Dominant frequency range (Hz)</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFD83BA24FCCAEA56" box="[612,852,1113,1135]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">2484.4–5765.6</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFC1ABA24FB73EA56" box="[1021,1261,1113,1135]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">2906.2–4406.2</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</table>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="72DD24FAFFFAFFBCFF70BACDFDD4EB7E" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFFAFFBCFF70BACDFDD4EB7E" blockId="12.[151,1436,1199,1351]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFAFFBCFF70BACDFE94EAFE" bold="true" box="[151,266,1200,1223]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Call parameters in the genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFAFFBCFDABBAD2FD69EAFE" box="[588,759,1199,1223]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFAFFBCFDABBAD2FD69EAFE" box="[588,759,1199,1223]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Brachycephalus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Note duration in ms (ND); Interval between notes in ms (NI); Note rate in notes/s (NR); Number of pulses per note (PN); Pulse rate in pulses/s (PR); Peak frequency in kHz (PF); Dominant frequency range in kHz (DF). 1: Peak frequency in this work. 2: Emphasized frequencies in Pombal
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFAFFBCFA83BA8DFA02EB3E" box="[1380,1436,1263,1287]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(1994). 3: Notes/min in Araújo
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFAFFBCFE0BBB6DFDBDEB1E" box="[492,547,1295,1319]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(2012). 4: Calls/s in Garey
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFAFFBCFCB6BB6DFC19EB1E" box="[849,903,1295,1319]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(2012). 5: Range of values not made available in the call description. Range (mean ± SD).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFFAFFBCFEECBB19FAA0E9F4" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<table id="54A286D2FFFA004FFF78BB1EFA0EE9E3" box="[159,1424,1379,2010]" gridcols="8" gridrows="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="98927630FFFA004FFF78BB1EFA0EEBAE" box="[159,1424,1379,1431]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" rowspan-0="1">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFEECBB1EFE0CEBAE" box="[267,402,1379,1431]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFAFFBCFEECBB19FEEEEB40" box="[267,368,1380,1401]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crispus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFAFFBCFEECBB19FEEEEB40" box="[267,368,1380,1401]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">B. crispus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFE49BB1EFDA0EBAE" box="[430,574,1379,1431]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFAFFBCFE49BB19FDBFEB40" box="[430,545,1379,1401]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFAFFBCFE49BB19FDBFEB40" box="[430,545,1379,1401]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">B. darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFAFFBCFE49BBFCFE60EBAE" bold="true" box="[430,510,1409,1431]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFFAFFBCFE49BBFCFE60EBAE" box="[430,510,1409,1431]" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFD9DBB1EFC9FEBAE" box="[634,769,1379,1431]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFAFFBCFD9DBB19FC9FEB40" box="[634,769,1379,1401]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFAFFBCFD9DBB19FC9FEB40" box="[634,769,1379,1401]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFCFABB1EFC24EBAE" box="[797,954,1379,1431]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFAFFBCFCFABB19FC24EB40" box="[797,954,1379,1401]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermogenesi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFAFFBCFCFABB19FC24EB40" box="[797,954,1379,1401]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">B. hermogenesi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFC33BB1EFBAFEBAE" box="[980,1073,1379,1431]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFAFFBCFC33BB19FBAFEB40" box="[980,1073,1380,1401]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pernix">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFAFFBCFC33BB19FBAFEB40" box="[980,1073,1380,1401]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">B. pernix</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFB85BB1EFB7CEBAE" box="[1122,1250,1379,1431]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFAFFBCFB85BB19FB55EB40" box="[1122,1227,1380,1401]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pitanga">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFAFFBCFB85BB19FB55EB40" box="[1122,1227,1380,1401]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">B. pitanga</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFAE2BB1EFA0EEBAE" box="[1285,1424,1379,1431]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFAFFBCFAE2BB19FA10EB40" box="[1285,1422,1379,1401]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tridactylus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFAFFBCFAE2BB19FA10EB40" box="[1285,1422,1379,1401]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">B. tridactylus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</th>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="98927630FFFA004FFF78BBD6FA0EEBE6" box="[159,1424,1451,1503]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFF78BBD6FF55EBE6" box="[159,203,1451,1503]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">ND</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFEECBBD6FE0CEBE6" box="[267,402,1451,1503]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">(280 ± 20)</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFE49BBD6FDA0EBE6" box="[430,574,1451,1503]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">83–163 (111.5 ± 13.7)</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFD9DBBD6FC9FEBE6" box="[634,769,1451,1503]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">93–149 (112 ± 6.5)</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFCFABBD6FC24EBE6" box="[797,954,1451,1503]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">(200 ± 10)</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFC33BBD6FBAFEBE6" box="[980,1073,1451,1503]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">(60)</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFB85BBD6FB7CEBE6" box="[1122,1250,1451,1503]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">(170 ± 13)</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFAE2BBD6FA0EEBE6" box="[1285,1424,1451,1503]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">(110 ± 20)</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="98927630FFFA004FFF78BB8EFA0EE81E" box="[159,1424,1523,1575]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFF78BB8EFF55E81E" box="[159,203,1523,1575]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">NI</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFEECBB8EFE0CE81E" box="[267,402,1523,1575]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">(350 ± 20) 122–215</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFE49BB8EFDA0E81E" box="[430,574,1523,1575]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">(159.5 ± 14.5) 123–149</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFD9DBB8EFC9FE81E" box="[634,769,1523,1575]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">(134 ± 6.8)</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFCFABB8EFC24E81E" box="[797,954,1523,1575]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">–</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFC33BB8EFBAFE81E" box="[980,1073,1523,1575]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">(140)</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFB85BB8EFB7CE81E" box="[1122,1250,1523,1575]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">–</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFAE2BB8EFA0EE81E" box="[1285,1424,1523,1575]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">–</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="98927630FFFA004FFF78B847FA0EE856" box="[159,1424,1594,1647]" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFF78B847FF55E856" box="[159,203,1594,1647]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">NR</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFEECB847FE0CE856" box="[267,402,1594,1647]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">(1.67 ± 0.09)</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFE49B847FDA0E856" box="[430,574,1594,1647]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">186.4–243.4 (3.5 ± 0.4)</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFD9DB847FC9FE856" box="[634,769,1594,1647]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">–</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFCFAB847FC24E856" box="[797,954,1594,1647]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">1.09</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFC33B847FBAFE856" box="[980,1073,1594,1647]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">–</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFB85B847FB7CE856" box="[1122,1250,1594,1647]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">(2.65 ± 0.2)³</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFAE2B847FA0EE856" box="[1285,1424,1594,1647]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">(0.16 ± 0.03)4</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="98927630FFFA004FFF78B8FEFA0EE88E" box="[159,1424,1667,1719]" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFF78B8FEFF55E88E" box="[159,203,1667,1719]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">PN</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFEECB8FEFE0CE88E" box="[267,402,1667,1719]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">7–12</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFE49B8FEFDA0E88E" box="[430,574,1667,1719]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">5–8 (6.3 ± 0.7)</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFD9DB8FEFC9FE88E" box="[634,769,1667,1719]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">5–15 (12 ± 1.96)</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFCFAB8FEFC24E88E" box="[797,954,1667,1719]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">–</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFC33B8FEFBAFE88E" box="[980,1073,1667,1719]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">3</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFB85B8FEFB7CE88E" box="[1122,1250,1667,1719]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">(11.1 ± 1.2)</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFAE2B8FEFA0EE88E" box="[1285,1424,1667,1719]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Unpulsed</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="98927630FFFA004FFF78B8B6FA0EE8C6" box="[159,1424,1739,1791]" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFF78B8B6FF55E8C6" box="[159,203,1739,1791]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">PR</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFEECB8B6FE0CE8C6" box="[267,402,1739,1791]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">(17.4 ± 2.12)</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFE49B8B6FDA0E8C6" box="[430,574,1739,1791]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">36.8–78.4 (57.0 ± 4.9)</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFD9DB8B6FC9FE8C6" box="[634,769,1739,1791]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">–</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFCFAB8B6FC24E8C6" box="[797,954,1739,1791]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">–</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFC33B8B6FBAFE8C6" box="[980,1073,1739,1791]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">–</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFB85B8B6FB7CE8C6" box="[1122,1250,1739,1791]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">(62 ± 8)</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFAE2B8B6FA0EE8C6" box="[1285,1424,1739,1791]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">–</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="98927630FFFA004FFF78B96EFA0EE97E" box="[159,1424,1811,1863]" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFF78B96EFF55E97E" box="[159,203,1811,1863]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">PF</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFEECB96EFE0CE97E" box="[267,402,1811,1863]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">(4.6 ± 0.19)</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFE49B96EFDA0E97E" box="[430,574,1811,1863]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">2.8–3.8 (3.4 ± 0.2)¹</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFD9DB96EFC9FE97E" box="[634,769,1811,1863]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">–</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFCFAB96EFC24E97E" box="[797,954,1811,1863]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">(6.8 ± 0.8)</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFC33B96EFBAFE97E" box="[980,1073,1811,1863]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">–</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFB85B96EFB7CE97E" box="[1122,1250,1811,1863]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">(4.9 ± 0.2)</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFAE2B96EFA0EE97E" box="[1285,1424,1811,1863]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">(4.8 ± 0.2)</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="98927630FFFA004FFF78B926FA0EE9B6" box="[159,1424,1883,1935]" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFF78B926FF55E9B6" box="[159,203,1883,1935]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">DF</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFEECB926FE0CE9B6" box="[267,402,1883,1935]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">3.5–5.7</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFE49B926FDA0E9B6" box="[430,574,1883,1935]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">2.4–5.7</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFD9DB926FC9FE9B6" box="[634,769,1883,1935]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">3.4–5.3²</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFCFAB926FC24E9B6" box="[797,954,1883,1935]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">–</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFC33B926FBAFE9B6" box="[980,1073,1883,1935]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">4.5–6.7 (5.6)</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFB85B926FB7CE9B6" box="[1122,1250,1883,1935]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">–</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFAE2B926FA0EE9B6" box="[1285,1424,1883,1935]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">3.2–6.4 (4.8 ± 0.2)</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="98927630FFFA004FFF78B9DEFA0EE9E3" box="[159,1424,1955,2010]" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFF78B9DEFF55E9E3" box="[159,203,1955,2010]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Ref.</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFEECB9DEFE0CE9E3" box="[267,402,1955,2010]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
Condez
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFAFFBCFEB9B9D9FE0CE980" box="[350,402,1955,1977]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2014 5
|
|||
|
|
</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFE49B9DEFDA0E9E3" box="[430,574,1955,2010]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">This work</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFD9DB9DEFC9FE9E3" box="[634,769,1955,2010]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
Pombal
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFAFFBCFD2AB9D9FC9FE980" box="[717,769,1955,1977]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
1994
|
|||
|
|
</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFCFAB9DEFC24E9E3" box="[797,954,1955,2010]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
Verdade
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFAFFBCFC91B9D9FC37E980" box="[886,937,1955,1977]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2008 5
|
|||
|
|
</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFC33B9DEFBAFE9E3" box="[980,1073,1955,2010]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">Wistuba 1998</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFB85B9DEFB7CE9E3" box="[1122,1250,1955,2010]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
Araújo
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFAFFBCFB49B9D9FB7CE980" box="[1198,1250,1955,1977]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2012 5
|
|||
|
|
</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="DB431F4CFFFA004FFAE2B9DEFA0EE9E3" box="[1285,1424,1955,2010]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">
|
|||
|
|
Garey
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFAFFBCFAAEB9D9FAE2E980" box="[1353,1404,1955,1977]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="339">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2012 5
|
|||
|
|
</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</table>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="6EB827F9FFFBFFBDFF20BEEAFD45EC29" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" type="etymology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFFBFFBDFF20BEEAFC67EF23" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,954]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFF20BEEAFED0EE89" bold="true" box="[199,334,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
The epithet "
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFBFFBDFE02BEEAFDD4EE89" box="[485,586,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside">darkside</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
" is a noun in apposition, derivative of the English language. It refers to the dark side of the body of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFBFFBDFE56BEC6FD50EEEA" box="[433,718,187,211]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFE56BEC6FD50EEEA" box="[433,718,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Brachycephalus darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFD30BEC6FCACEEED" bold="true" box="[727,818,187,212]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFFBFFBDFD30BEC6FCACEEED" box="[727,818,187,212]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, which corresponds to the dark tissue surrounding the dorsal musculature, creating a dark background to the bright yellow-orange dorsum (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="BE9968F7FFFBFFBDFBAFBEA3FB13EECE" box="[1096,1165,222,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1565,1587]" captionTargetBox="[168,1416,203,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1435,193,1544]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Histological analysis: (A) Dissected individual of Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. (MZUFV 16579); (A 1) closer view of the dark tissue; (A 2) detail in the provision of pigmented tissue that follows adjacent muscle fibers. Transverse sections: (B) inclusion in resin; longitudinal section (C) inclusion in paraffin. Arrows indicate the dark pigments of connective tissue: epimysium (epm), perimysium (prm) and endomysium (edm). Muscle tissue (msc)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570098/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). It is also a reference to the album "The Dark Side of the Moon" by the British rock band Pink Floyd.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFFBFFBDFF20BF59FD45EC29" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,954]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFF20BF59FE18EF04" bold="true" box="[199,390,292,317]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Specimens of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFBFFBDFDD6BF58FCD0EF04" box="[561,846,293,317]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFDD6BF58FCD0EF04" box="[561,846,293,317]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Brachycephalus darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFCB0BF59FC2CEF04" bold="true" box="[855,946,292,317]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFFBFFBDFCB0BF59FC2CEF04" box="[855,946,292,317]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
were found amidst leaf litter of “Trilha do Cruzeiro”, at the habitat Floresta Estacional Semidecidual
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="E466BA90FFFBFFBDFCCCBF35FC0CEF66" box="[811,914,328,351]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Montana</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
, between
|
|||
|
|
<date id="521C52B2FFFBFFBDFBE5BF3AFB34EF59" box="[1026,1194,327,352]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" value="1266" valueMax="1498">
|
|||
|
|
1266 and
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="E15AD997FFFBFFBDFB95BF35FB34EF59" box="[1138,1194,328,352]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.498" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" unit="m" value="1498.0">1498</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
</date>
|
|||
|
|
m a.s.l. We observed active individuals from October to December, between 12h and 19h. Males were found calling exposed over leafs or beneath them, and females walking through the leaf litter. During the dry months (from July until September), individuals of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFBFFBDFEA3BFCFFE54EFF0" box="[324,458,433,457]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFEA3BFCFFE54EFF0" box="[324,458,433,457]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">B. darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFE30BFCCFDA8EFF3" bold="true" box="[471,566,433,458]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFFBFFBDFE30BFCCFDA8EFF3" box="[471,566,433,458]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
were found hidden deep into the layers of leaf litter, buried and within underground roots of trees (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="BE9968F7FFFBFFBDFE06BFA9FDB4EFD4" box="[481,554,468,493]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,171,1381]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,171,1381]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photos of Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov. in life: (A) female, (B) male, (C) same male hidden beneath roots, (D) roots where the male was found." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570101/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The new species is abundant in the area where it occurs and reproduces syntopicaly with species of the genus
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFDD8BF85FD45EC29" box="[575,731,504,528]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFBFFBDFDD8BF85FD48EC29" box="[575,726,504,528]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ischnocnema</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="6EB827F9FFFBFFBDFF20BC66FEA7ECFB" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFFBFFBDFF20BC66FEA7ECFB" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,954]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFF20BC66FEFEEC0D" bold="true" box="[199,352,539,564]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFBFFBDFE97BC66FD0AEC0A" box="[368,660,539,563]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFE97BC66FD0AEC0A" box="[368,660,539,563]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Brachycephalus darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFD43BC66FC99EC0D" bold="true" box="[676,775,539,564]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFFBFFBDFD43BC66FC99EC0D" box="[676,775,539,564]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
is only known for the Municipalities of Ervália and Miradouro within the Serra do Brigadeiro mountain range, at the northern portion of the Mantiqueira mountain range,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="E466BA90FFFBFFBDFF01BC1FFEE0EC42" box="[230,382,610,635]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
State, southeastern
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="5EB534E2FFFBFFBDFD81BC1FFD34EC42" box="[614,682,610,635]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="BE9968F7FFFBFFBDFD5ABC1FFC9AEC43" box="[701,772,610,635]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1948,1970]" captionTargetBox="[173,1402,1014,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[166,1412,1005,1936]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Geographical distribution of Brachycephalus darkside sp. nov., and of Brachycephalus didactylus, B. pernix and B. ephippium species groups. BA (Bahia State), MG (Minas Gerais State), ES (Espírito Santo State), RJ (Rio de Janeiro State), SP (São Paulo State), PR (Paraná State), SC (Santa Catarina State)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570102/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Considering the distances between locations, vegetation and altitude range (
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="E15AD997FFFBFFBDFE8ABCF8FD97ECA4" box="[365,521,645,670]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.382" metricValueMax="1.498" metricValueMin="1.266" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" unit="m" value="1382.0" valueMax="1498.0" valueMin="1266.0">1266–1498 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
a.s.l.), it is likely that the new species also inhabit more locations within the Serra do Brigadeiro.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="6EB827F9FFFBFFBEFF20BCB1FEA0EF94" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="341" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFFBFFBDFF20BCB1FE6EED83" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,954]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFF20BCB1FED1ECDC" bold="true" box="[199,335,716,741]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Comments.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFBFFBDFEBBBCB0FDE3ECDC" box="[348,637,717,741]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFEBBBCB0FDE3ECDC" box="[348,637,717,741]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Brachycephalus darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFD6EBCB1FD76ECDC" bold="true" box="[649,744,716,741]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFFBFFBDFD6EBCB1FD76ECDC" box="[649,744,716,741]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
is described based on its external morphology, osteology, histology and vocalizations. The new species is assigned to the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFBFFBDFC76BC8CFBB5ED31" box="[913,1067,752,776]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFC76BC8CFBB5ED31" box="[913,1067,752,776]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
group based on morphological features and on its geographic distribution (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="42330983FFFBFFBDFD77BD6EFC68ED15" author="Clemente-Carvalho" box="[656,1014,787,812]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" refString="Clemente-Carvalho, R. B. G., Klaczko, J., Perez, S. I., Alves, A. C. R., Haddad, C. F. B. & dos Reis, S. F. (2011) Molecular phylogenetic relationships and phenotypic diversity in miniaturized toadlets, genus Brachycephalus (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 61, 79 - 89." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
|||
|
|
Clemente-Carvalho
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFC9FBD69FC2DED12" box="[888,947,787,811]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2011
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, Ribeiro
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFB84BD69FB01ED12" box="[1123,1183,787,811]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2015). Moreover, the strict altitudinal record of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFBFFBDFE20BD45FDD4ED76" box="[455,586,823,847]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFE20BD45FDD4ED76" box="[455,586,823,847]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">B. darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFDB4BD4BFD2EED76" bold="true" box="[595,688,822,847]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFFBFFBDFDB4BD4BFD2EED76" box="[595,688,822,847]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
corroborates the hypothesis that the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFBFFBDFBB9BD45FB56ED76" box="[1118,1224,824,847]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pernix">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFBB9BD45FB56ED76" box="[1118,1224,824,847]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">B. pernix</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFBFFBDFAE3BD45FA02ED76" box="[1284,1436,823,847]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFAE3BD45FA02ED76" box="[1284,1436,823,847]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
groups are indeed “montane groups” (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="42330983FFFBFFBDFDBFBD27FCE6ED4A" author="Bornschein" box="[600,888,858,883]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" refString="Bornschein, M. R., Firkowski, C. R., Belmonte-Lopes, L. C., Ribeiro, L. F., Morato, S. A. A., Antoniazzi-Jr., R., Reinert, B. L., Meyer, A. L. S., Cini, F. A. & Pie, M. R. (2016 a) Geographical and altitudinal distribution of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. PeerJ, 4, e 2490," type="journal article" year="2016" yearSuffix="a">
|
|||
|
|
Bornschein
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFD02BD26FCBDED4B" box="[741,803,858,882]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2016a
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). In addition, we agree with
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="42330983FFFBFFBDFB33BD27FF70EDAF" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" refString="Bornschein, M. R., Firkowski, C. R., Belmonte-Lopes, L. C., Ribeiro, L. F., Morato, S. A. A., Antoniazzi-Jr., R., Reinert, B. L., Meyer, A. L. S., Cini, F. A. & Pie, M. R. (2016 a) Geographical and altitudinal distribution of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. PeerJ, 4, e 2490," type="journal article">
|
|||
|
|
Bornschein
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFAB8BD26FA02ED4B" box="[1375,1436,858,882]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(2016a)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
that populations under the name of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFBFFBDFD68BD02FCB8EDAF" box="[655,806,894,918]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFD68BD02FCB8EDAF" box="[655,806,894,918]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
should be subject of scrutiny as they are likely cryptic species waiting to be unveiled.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="72DD24FAFFFBFFBDFF70B9E1FCA1E9C9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/570102/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" targetBox="[173,1402,1014,1930]" targetPageId="13">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFFBFFBDFF70B9E1FCA1E9C9" blockId="13.[151,1436,1948,2032]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFF70B9E1FE8DE98B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1948,1970]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Geographical distribution of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFBFFBDFDA4B9E1FCDAE98B" box="[579,836,1948,1970]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFDA4B9E1FCDAE98B" box="[579,836,1948,1970]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Brachycephalus darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFCACB9E1FC02E98B" bold="true" box="[843,924,1948,1970]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFFBFFBDFCACB9E1FC02E98B" box="[843,924,1948,1970]" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, and of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFBFFBDFC14B9E1FA9BE98B" box="[1011,1285,1948,1970]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="didactylus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFC14B9E1FA9BE98B" box="[1011,1285,1948,1970]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">Brachycephalus didactylus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFBFFBDFAF5B9E0FAEEE98B" box="[1298,1392,1949,1970]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pernix">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFAF5B9E0FAEEE98B" box="[1298,1392,1949,1970]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">B. pernix</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFFBFFBDFF70B9C1FE80E9E8" box="[151,286,1979,2001]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFFBFFBDFF70B9C1FE80E9E8" box="[151,286,1979,2001]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="340">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
species groups. BA (Bahia State), MG (Minas Gerais State), ES (Espírito Santo State), RJ (Rio de Janeiro State), SP (São Paulo State), PR (Paraná State), SC (Santa Catarina State).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="261D7472FFF8FFBEFF20BEE5FEA0EF94" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="341">
|
|||
|
|
As mentioned in the Materials and Methods section, it was not always possible to determine the sex of all individuals of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF8FFBEFED9BEC1FDC3EEED" box="[318,605,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="341" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF8FFBEFED9BEC1FDC3EEED" box="[318,605,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="341">Brachycephalus darkside</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF8FFBEFD81BEC1FD5DEEEC" bold="true" box="[614,707,188,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="341">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FE5151BFFF8FFBEFD81BEC1FD5DEEEC" box="[614,707,188,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="341" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
The small size of them hampered the accurate visualization of vocal slits without causing permanent damage to topotype specimens. On the other hand, several works mentioned the presence of vocal slits in females of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF8FFBEFD8FBF79FC83EF25" box="[616,797,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="341" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF8FFBEFD8FBF79FC83EF25" box="[616,797,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="341">Brachycephalus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(e.g.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="42330983FFF8FFBEFCB9BF79FBB6EF25" author="Alves" box="[862,1064,260,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="341" refString="Alves, A. C. R., Sawaya, R., Reis, S. F. & Haddad, C. B. F. (2009) A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic rain forest in Sao Paulo state, southeastern Brazil. Journal of Herpetology, 43, 212 - 219. https: // doi. org / 10.1670 / 0022 - 1511 - 43.2.212" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
|||
|
|
Alves
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF8FFBEFC4EBF78FC7DEF25" box="[937,995,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="341">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2009
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="42330983FFF8FFBEFBD2BF79FA09EF25" author="Clemente-Carvalho" box="[1077,1431,260,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="341" refString="Clemente-Carvalho, R. B. G., Giaretta, A. A., Condez, T. H., Haddad, C. F. B. & dos Reis, S. F. (2012) A new species of miniaturized toadlet, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae), from the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. Herpetologica, 68, 365 - 374." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
|||
|
|
Clemente-Carvalho
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF8FFBEFAFEBF78FAD5EF25" box="[1305,1355,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="341">et al</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. 2012
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="42330983FFF8FFBEFF70BF5AFEECEF79" author="Haddad" box="[151,370,295,320]" pageId="14" pageNumber="341" refString="Haddad, C. F. B., Alves, A. C. R., Clemente-Carvalho, R. B. G. & Reis, S. F. (2010) A new species of Brachycephalus from Atlantic Rain Forest in Sao Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae). Copeia, 2010, 410 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / CH- 09 - 102" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
|||
|
|
Haddad
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF8FFBEFF11BF54FEB1EF79" box="[246,303,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="341">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2010
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="42330983FFF8FFBEFE98BF5AFDFFEF79" author="Pie" box="[383,609,295,320]" pageId="14" pageNumber="341" refString="Pie, M. R. & Ribeiro, L. F. (2015) A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Quiriri mountain range of southern Brazil. PeerJ, 3, e 1179." type="journal article" year="2015">Pie & Ribeiro 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; Ribeiro
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF8FFBEFD2EBF54FC9DEF79" box="[713,771,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="341">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2015), although these authors do not specify how sex was determined. Given this difficulty, we believe further studies should evaluate carefully the sex of specimens of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1A20FF1FFF8FFBEFF70BF0DFED2EFB1" box="[151,332,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="341" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="14D6A860FFF8FFBEFF70BF0DFED2EFB1" box="[151,332,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="341">Brachycephalus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
as the misidentification might hamper the appropriate diagnose and comparison between and within species.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|