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<mods:title id="FD8112CC5C1A4C270DDDDEFE46C07CB1">The ant genus Tetraponera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropical region: taxonomic review and key to species</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BB58471FF8654061CD08464FE3D392E" blockId="59.[151,508,1873,1900]" box="[151,508,1873,1900]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<heading id="D0FD331DFF8654061CD08464FE3D392E" bold="true" box="[151,508,1873,1900]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FF8654061CD08464FE66392E" ID-CoL="7C58G" authority="(Forel 1892: 258)" baseAuthorityName="Jerdon" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[151,423,1873,1900]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufonigra">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8654061CD08464FE66392E" bold="true" box="[151,423,1873,1900]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Tetraponera rufonigra</emphasis>
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-group
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<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8654061CD084AFFEAA39F6" bold="true" box="[151,363,1945,1971]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Worker diagnosis</emphasis>
. Large species with broad head (CI 0.86–0.99); masticatory margin of mandible usually with four teeth, preceded by a single tooth on basal margin (in one Asian species masticatory margin with five teeth and basal margin without teeth); basal margin subequal in length to masticatory margin; labrum either lacking prominent tubercles (Asian species) or with a single median tubercle near proximal margin; ventral surface of clypeus with a transverse carina, anterior to posteroventral border, weakened medially in African species; frontal carinae well separated in African species (FCI 0.21–0.35), less so in Asian species (FCI 0.09–0.16); scape length one half or more of head width (SI 0.49–0.63); head capsule with three prominent ocelli; pronotal humeri subangulate in dorsal view; metanotal plate lacking; mesosterum not densely pubescent; petiole with prominent anteroventral tooth, generally directed posteroventrally; posteroventral margin of petiole closely associated with helcium venter, lacking a ventrally extended hood; metabasitarsal sulcus present; appressed pubescence dense on abdominal tergite 4.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C310D7FAFF8154011C808280FB823C5C" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="discussion">
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<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8154011C808280FE893F95" bold="true" box="[199,328,438,464]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Comments</emphasis>
. This group comprises four Asian species that are apparently generalists, nesting in dead (and sometimes live) twigs and branches of a wide variety of plants, and two West African species that are specialist inhabitants of the antplant 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FF8154011D3382C9FE123C5D" box="[372,467,511,536]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Barteria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8154011D3382C9FE123C5D" box="[372,467,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Barteria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BF980FF8154011DA682C9FDB03C5C" author="Janzen, D. H." box="[481,625,511,537]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="885 - 892" refId="ref66143" refString="Janzen, D. H. (1972) Protection of Barteria (Passifloraceae) by Pachysima ants (Pseudomyrmecinae) in a Nigerian rain forest. Ecology, 53, 885 - 892. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1934304" type="journal article" year="1972">Janzen 1972</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BF980FF8154011E3A82C9FD393C5C" author="Ward, P. S." box="[637,760,511,537]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="589 - 665" refId="ref69066" refString="Ward, P. S. (2001) Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the ant genus Tetraponera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Oriental and Australian regions. Invertebrate Taxonomy, 15, 589 - 665. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 01001" type="journal article" year="2001">Ward 2001</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BF980FF8154011EB882C9FCFA3C5C" author="Ward, P. S." box="[767,827,511,537]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="119 - 130" refId="ref69117" refString="Ward, P. S. (2006) The ant genus Tetraponera in the Afrotropical region: synopsis of species groups and revision of the T. ambigua - group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecologische Nachrichten, 8, 119 - 130." type="journal article" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BF980FF8154011F0282C9FBF93C5C" author="Bharti, H. &amp; Akbar, S. A." box="[837,1080,511,537]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="43 - 48" refId="ref63625" refString="Bharti, H. &amp; Akbar, S. A. (2014) Tetraponera periyarensis, a new pseudomyrmecine ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from India. Asian Myrmecology, 6, 43 - 48." type="journal article" year="2014">Bharti &amp; Akbar 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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