<documentid="407AEB3C73D7CA8FC5A4420F98A7EAF7"ID-CLB-Dataset="21162"ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2015.1009514"ID-GBIF-Dataset="8c6c97a7-1c63-41ba-b75a-217ce1a3411d"ID-ISSN="1464-5262"ID-Zenodo-Dep="3997986"IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana"IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana"IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana"checkinTime="1598292250840"checkinUser="carolina"docAuthor="Rota, Emilia"docDate="2015"docId="039AAD67FFE14504FE79FC9AFEE60BA9"docLanguage="en"docName="JNATHIST.49.33-34.1987-2020.pdf"docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 49 (33)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:210803DF447D5DCB84349979EDD3507F.6:JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.2cover"docStyleId="210803DF447D5DCB84349979EDD3507F"docStyleName="JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.2cover"docStyleVersion="6"docTitle="Achaeta giustii Rota 2015, sp. nov."docType="treatment"docUuid="AC645870-CFF4-48E7-B934-5A741629DCA8"docUuidSource="ZooBank"docVersion="11"lastPageNumber="1999"masterDocId="FFA3D51FFFE84508FF92FFAFFFB6091F"masterDocTitle="Five new species of Enchytraeidae (Annelida: Clitellata) from Mediterranean woodlands of Italy and reaffirmed validity of Achaeta etrusca, Fridericia bulbosa and F. miraflores"masterLastPageNumber="2020"masterPageNumber="1987"pageNumber="1996"updateTime="1728498831906"updateUser="ExternalLinkService"zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0"zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:titleid="B341345DD4AE506A9CAF176386CD85C4">Five new species of Enchytraeidae (Annelida: Clitellata) from Mediterranean woodlands of Italy and reaffirmed validity of Achaeta etrusca, Fridericia bulbosa and F. miraflores</mods:title>
<figureCitationid="130800F4FFE14501FDADFCF9FD290A71"box="[575,671,854,878]"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="11.[144,211,1354,1376]"captionTargetBox="[144,1104,177,1317]"captionTargetId="figure@11.[144,1104,168,1323]"captionTargetPageId="11"captionText="Figure 3. Achaeta giustii sp. nov. (A) Cephalic region (lateral view); (B) dorsolateral view of segments I–VIII, showing the well-developed pharyngeal glands; (C) dorsal view of clitellum. Note the granular cells bordering the middorsal interruption (dg); (D) shallow lateral view of body wall (segment IX), revealing the lozenge pattern of the longitudinal muscle fibres; (E) lateral view of clitellum, showing the reticulate pattern of the gland cells; (F) lateral view of same clitellum in a deeper optical section, documenting its midventral continuity and middorsal gap; (G) ectal portion of the spermatheca; (H) sperm funnel. All from permanent wholemounted specimens, anterior to the left."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3997992"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3997992/files/figure.png"pageId="9"pageNumber="1996">Figure 3</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="4C3367F2FFE14501FF05FC39FC010AB2"authority="(Vejdovsky, 1879 a) sensu Nielsen and Christ. 1959"authorityName="sensu Nielsen and Christensen"authorityYear="1959"baseAuthorityName="Vejdovsky"baseAuthorityYear="1879"box="[151,951,917,942]"class="Clitellata"family="Enchytraeidae"genus="Achaeta"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Enchytraeida"pageId="9"pageNumber="1996"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="bohemica">
<taxonomicNameid="4C3367F2FFE14501FF05FC79FCBD0AF2"authority="sensu Nielsen and Christ. 1959"authorityName="sensu Nielsen and Christensen"authorityYear="1959"baseAuthorityName="Vejdovsky"baseAuthorityYear="1879"box="[151,779,981,1006]"class="Clitellata"family="Enchytraeidae"genus="Achaeta"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Enchytraeida"pageId="9"pageNumber="1996"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="bohemica">
<bibRefCitationid="EFA26180FFE14501FCB4FC79FC5C0AF2"author="Rota E & Caruso T & Monaci F & Baldantoni D & De Nicola & Iovieno P & Bargagli R"box="[806,1002,981,1005]"pageId="9"pageNumber="1996"pagination="268 - 276"refId="ref16835"refString="Rota E, Caruso T, Monaci F, Baldantoni D, De Nicola F, Iovieno P, Bargagli R. 2013. Effects of soil pollutants, biogeochemistry and microbiology on the distribution and composition of enchytraeid communities in urban and suburban holm oak stands. Environ Poll. 179: 268 - 276."type="journal article"year="2013">Rota et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
, table 1 (species ‘s2’);
<bibRefCitationid="EFA26180FFE14501FEDEFC59FDB20D12"author="Rota E & Caruso T & Bargagli R"box="[332,516,1013,1037]"pageId="9"pageNumber="1996"pagination="83 - 91"refId="ref16797"refString="Rota E, Caruso T, Bargagli R. 2014. Community structure, diversity and spatial organization of enchytraeids in Mediterranean urban holm oak stands. Eur J Soil Biol. 62: 83 - 91."type="journal article"year="2014">Rota et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
<collectionCodeid="ED2284B4FFE14501FE94FB2EFEEC0D86"box="[262,346,1153,1177]"country="Italy"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mmbj-pfva"name="Museo Civico di Zoologia"pageId="9"pageNumber="1996">MCZR</collectionCode>
<collectionCodeid="ED2284B4FFE14501FE84FA17FEDF0CCF"box="[278,361,1464,1488]"country="Italy"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mmbj-pfva"name="Museo Civico di Zoologia"pageId="9"pageNumber="1996">MCZR</collectionCode>
<paragraphid="8B8C1C71FFE24502FF46FF7FFEFB0837"blockId="10.[212,1172,168,296]"pageId="10"pageNumber="1997">The new species is named for Prof. Folco Giusti, outstanding malacologist and dedicated zoogeographer, for his contributions to the knowledge of Mediterranean endemism.</paragraph>
<paragraphid="8B8C1C71FFE24502FF46FE0EFD100B27"blockId="10.[212,1172,378,568]"pageId="10"pageNumber="1997">Medium-sized species, with large flask-shaped glands occurring dorsally from II to tail, including XII; clitellum over XII–1/2XIII, absent middorsally, hyaline and granular gland cells forming dorsolaterally a reticulate pattern; male pores in XII, penial bulbs compact, preclitellar nephridia two pairs at 6/7–7/8, spermathecae opening ventrally, ampullae reaching VII–IX.</paragraph>
at XII. Segments 28–37. Large flask-shaped glands dorsally paired from II to tail, including XII (
<figureCitationid="130800F4FFE24502FD4EFD49FCC70BE1"box="[732,881,742,766]"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="11.[144,211,1354,1376]"captionTargetBox="[144,1104,177,1317]"captionTargetId="figure@11.[144,1104,168,1323]"captionTargetPageId="11"captionText="Figure 3. Achaeta giustii sp. nov. (A) Cephalic region (lateral view); (B) dorsolateral view of segments I–VIII, showing the well-developed pharyngeal glands; (C) dorsal view of clitellum. Note the granular cells bordering the middorsal interruption (dg); (D) shallow lateral view of body wall (segment IX), revealing the lozenge pattern of the longitudinal muscle fibres; (E) lateral view of clitellum, showing the reticulate pattern of the gland cells; (F) lateral view of same clitellum in a deeper optical section, documenting its midventral continuity and middorsal gap; (G) ectal portion of the spermatheca; (H) sperm funnel. All from permanent wholemounted specimens, anterior to the left."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3997992"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3997992/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="1997">Figure 3A, F</figureCitation>
measured length throughout up to 120 μm, fixed 85–100 μm, glands smaller (50–75 μm) in II; dorsal distance between left and right glands 100–120 μm (fixed). Knob-like glands and lentiform glands absent. Clitellum in XII–1/2 XIII, dorsally interrupted (gap 90 μm wide), elsewhere continuous; dorsolateral sides made of polygonal granular and not much larger hyaline cells forming a reticulate pattern; dorsal edge consisting of granular cells (
<figureCitationid="130800F4FFE24502FD24FC09FC980AA1"box="[694,814,934,958]"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="11.[144,211,1354,1376]"captionTargetBox="[144,1104,177,1317]"captionTargetId="figure@11.[144,1104,168,1323]"captionTargetPageId="11"captionText="Figure 3. Achaeta giustii sp. nov. (A) Cephalic region (lateral view); (B) dorsolateral view of segments I–VIII, showing the well-developed pharyngeal glands; (C) dorsal view of clitellum. Note the granular cells bordering the middorsal interruption (dg); (D) shallow lateral view of body wall (segment IX), revealing the lozenge pattern of the longitudinal muscle fibres; (E) lateral view of clitellum, showing the reticulate pattern of the gland cells; (F) lateral view of same clitellum in a deeper optical section, documenting its midventral continuity and middorsal gap; (G) ectal portion of the spermatheca; (H) sperm funnel. All from permanent wholemounted specimens, anterior to the left."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3997992"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3997992/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="1997">Figure 3C</figureCitation>
); only granular cells ventrally (
<figureCitationid="130800F4FFE24502FF4EFC69FEC60AC2"box="[220,368,966,990]"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="11.[144,211,1354,1376]"captionTargetBox="[144,1104,177,1317]"captionTargetId="figure@11.[144,1104,168,1323]"captionTargetPageId="11"captionText="Figure 3. Achaeta giustii sp. nov. (A) Cephalic region (lateral view); (B) dorsolateral view of segments I–VIII, showing the well-developed pharyngeal glands; (C) dorsal view of clitellum. Note the granular cells bordering the middorsal interruption (dg); (D) shallow lateral view of body wall (segment IX), revealing the lozenge pattern of the longitudinal muscle fibres; (E) lateral view of clitellum, showing the reticulate pattern of the gland cells; (F) lateral view of same clitellum in a deeper optical section, documenting its midventral continuity and middorsal gap; (G) ectal portion of the spermatheca; (H) sperm funnel. All from permanent wholemounted specimens, anterior to the left."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3997992"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3997992/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="1997">Figure 3E, F</figureCitation>
); thickness of clitellum at midpoint 16–32 μm (fixed).
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="8B8C1C71FFE24502FF6CFC49FE020D22"blockId="10.[212,1172,640,1691]"pageId="10"pageNumber="1997">Head pore on prostomium. Spermathecal pores ventral at 4/5, 65–70 μm (fix) distant from one another. Male pores in XII, 50–70 μm apart, somewhat closer than spermathecal pores.</paragraph>
Cuticle at least 2.5 μm thick, in places reaching 6.0 μm, larger dorsally than ventrally. Brain about 150 μm long in vivo, 125–135 μm when fixed. Oesophageal outer ridge dorsal on III–V, inconspicuous. Pharyngeal glands three primary pairs at 4/5–6/7, each merging dorsally, no secondary lobes (
<figureCitationid="130800F4FFE24502FCA5FB0AFC1D0DA2"box="[823,939,1189,1213]"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="11.[144,211,1354,1376]"captionTargetBox="[144,1104,177,1317]"captionTargetId="figure@11.[144,1104,168,1323]"captionTargetPageId="11"captionText="Figure 3. Achaeta giustii sp. nov. (A) Cephalic region (lateral view); (B) dorsolateral view of segments I–VIII, showing the well-developed pharyngeal glands; (C) dorsal view of clitellum. Note the granular cells bordering the middorsal interruption (dg); (D) shallow lateral view of body wall (segment IX), revealing the lozenge pattern of the longitudinal muscle fibres; (E) lateral view of clitellum, showing the reticulate pattern of the gland cells; (F) lateral view of same clitellum in a deeper optical section, documenting its midventral continuity and middorsal gap; (G) ectal portion of the spermatheca; (H) sperm funnel. All from permanent wholemounted specimens, anterior to the left."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3997992"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3997992/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="1997">Figure 3B</figureCitation>
). Two pairs of preclitellar nephridia at 6/7–7/8 constricted by septum, without swollen terminal vesicle; nephridia generally absent from first five postclitellar segments.
Coelomocytes of various size, with grooved but not granular cytoplasm, roundish, often with one to five marginal prominences, brownish when accumulated. Gut linear, without loops. Oesophagus gradually expanding into intestine at 7/8. Intestinal inner ridge extending over three segments between XVIII–XXIII (ventral intestinal ridge). Chloragogenous cells filled with fine granules. Dorsal blood vessel arising in VII (
<figureCitationid="130800F4FFE24502FE9EFA0BFEC90CA3"box="[268,383,1444,1468]"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="11.[144,211,1354,1376]"captionTargetBox="[144,1104,177,1317]"captionTargetId="figure@11.[144,1104,168,1323]"captionTargetPageId="11"captionText="Figure 3. Achaeta giustii sp. nov. (A) Cephalic region (lateral view); (B) dorsolateral view of segments I–VIII, showing the well-developed pharyngeal glands; (C) dorsal view of clitellum. Note the granular cells bordering the middorsal interruption (dg); (D) shallow lateral view of body wall (segment IX), revealing the lozenge pattern of the longitudinal muscle fibres; (E) lateral view of clitellum, showing the reticulate pattern of the gland cells; (F) lateral view of same clitellum in a deeper optical section, documenting its midventral continuity and middorsal gap; (G) ectal portion of the spermatheca; (H) sperm funnel. All from permanent wholemounted specimens, anterior to the left."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3997992"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3997992/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="1997">Figure 3B</figureCitation>
Seminal vesicle absent or small. Sperm funnels elongate equal to or shorter than body width, broadest point slightly below collar, length:width 3–4:1 (180–230 by 50–80 μm
), generally bent at midlength; collar distinct, as wide or narrower than funnel (
<figureCitationid="130800F4FFE24502FF4EF98CFEE40F24"box="[220,338,1571,1595]"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="11.[144,211,1354,1376]"captionTargetBox="[144,1104,177,1317]"captionTargetId="figure@11.[144,1104,168,1323]"captionTargetPageId="11"captionText="Figure 3. Achaeta giustii sp. nov. (A) Cephalic region (lateral view); (B) dorsolateral view of segments I–VIII, showing the well-developed pharyngeal glands; (C) dorsal view of clitellum. Note the granular cells bordering the middorsal interruption (dg); (D) shallow lateral view of body wall (segment IX), revealing the lozenge pattern of the longitudinal muscle fibres; (E) lateral view of clitellum, showing the reticulate pattern of the gland cells; (F) lateral view of same clitellum in a deeper optical section, documenting its midventral continuity and middorsal gap; (G) ectal portion of the spermatheca; (H) sperm funnel. All from permanent wholemounted specimens, anterior to the left."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3997992"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3997992/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="1997">Figure 3H</figureCitation>
). Spermatozoa 50 μm long, heads 20 μm long. Vasa deferentia long and narrow (8–10 μm), tightly coiled. Penial bulbs small, compact, enclosed in a muscular sheath, 53–64 μm long in fixed worms (
<figureCitationid="130800F4FFE24502FD03F9CCFC950F64"box="[657,803,1635,1659]"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="11.[144,211,1354,1376]"captionTargetBox="[144,1104,177,1317]"captionTargetId="figure@11.[144,1104,168,1323]"captionTargetPageId="11"captionText="Figure 3. Achaeta giustii sp. nov. (A) Cephalic region (lateral view); (B) dorsolateral view of segments I–VIII, showing the well-developed pharyngeal glands; (C) dorsal view of clitellum. Note the granular cells bordering the middorsal interruption (dg); (D) shallow lateral view of body wall (segment IX), revealing the lozenge pattern of the longitudinal muscle fibres; (E) lateral view of clitellum, showing the reticulate pattern of the gland cells; (F) lateral view of same clitellum in a deeper optical section, documenting its midventral continuity and middorsal gap; (G) ectal portion of the spermatheca; (H) sperm funnel. All from permanent wholemounted specimens, anterior to the left."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3997992"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3997992/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="1997">Figure 3E, F</figureCitation>
). One egg mature. Spermathecal ampullae reaching to VII–IX, ectal ducts almost parallel to long body axis in vivo, more contracted on one side (thus bent at an obtuse angle) in fixed specimens (
<figureCitationid="130800F4FFE44504FC4EFF07FBFA09DF"box="[988,1100,168,192]"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="11.[144,211,1354,1376]"captionTargetBox="[144,1104,177,1317]"captionTargetId="figure@11.[144,1104,168,1323]"captionTargetPageId="11"captionText="Figure 3. Achaeta giustii sp. nov. (A) Cephalic region (lateral view); (B) dorsolateral view of segments I–VIII, showing the well-developed pharyngeal glands; (C) dorsal view of clitellum. Note the granular cells bordering the middorsal interruption (dg); (D) shallow lateral view of body wall (segment IX), revealing the lozenge pattern of the longitudinal muscle fibres; (E) lateral view of clitellum, showing the reticulate pattern of the gland cells; (F) lateral view of same clitellum in a deeper optical section, documenting its midventral continuity and middorsal gap; (G) ectal portion of the spermatheca; (H) sperm funnel. All from permanent wholemounted specimens, anterior to the left."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3997992"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3997992/files/figure.png"pageId="12"pageNumber="1999">Figure 3G</figureCitation>
); ectal ducts not tapering towards pore, rather appearing glandular at junction with body wall.
(A) Cephalic region (lateral view); (B) dorsolateral view of segments I–VIII, showing the well-developed pharyngeal glands; (C) dorsal view of clitellum. Note the granular cells bordering the middorsal interruption (dg); (D) shallow lateral view of body wall (segment IX), revealing the lozenge pattern of the longitudinal muscle fibres; (E) lateral view of clitellum, showing the reticulate pattern of the gland cells; (F) lateral view of same clitellum in a deeper optical section, documenting its midventral continuity and middorsal gap; (G) ectal portion of the spermatheca; (H) sperm funnel. All from permanent wholemounted specimens, anterior to the left.
<taxonomicNameid="4C3367F2FFE44504FC57FEDBFDDD08B4"authority="sensu Nielsen and Christensen, 1959"authorityName="sensu Nielsen and Christensen"authorityYear="1959"baseAuthorityName="Vejdovsky"baseAuthorityYear="1879"class="Clitellata"family="Enchytraeidae"genus="Achaeta"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Enchytraeida"pageId="12"pageNumber="1999"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="bohemica">
<bibRefCitationid="EFA26180FFE44504FE8AFE3CFDDD08B4"author="Nielsen CO & Christensen B"box="[280,619,403,427]"pageId="12"pageNumber="1999"pagination="1 - 160"refId="ref16681"refString="Nielsen CO, Christensen B. 1959. The Enchytraeidae. Critical revision and taxonomy of European species. Natura Jutl. 8 - 9: 1 - 160."type="journal article"year="1959">Nielsen and Christensen, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
’, it can be recognized (more easily after fixation) by having a complete series of dorsal flask-shaped glands (i.e. from segment II to tail) and clitellum longer and reticulate, with granular gland cells bordering the dorsal edges (see above).
