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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3794439" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a725007b-2d51-4c92-838a-9e8fd27484c8" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163962607" ID-ISSN="1876-312X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3794439" ID-ZooBank="701C1742-718D-4486-A158-AEA608BA8576" checkinTime="1588685582300" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Daniel, Gimo M., Davis, Adrian Lv., Sole, Catherine L. &amp; Scholtz, Clarke H." docDate="2020" docId="D474D525FF977C6AD7699F05FCF0FEF7" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectSystEvol.51.1.1-61.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution 51 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@2a2c15f9" docStyleName="insectsystevol.2020.journal_article" docTitle="Sisyphus fasciculatus Boheman 1857" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="284DAD5DFF9B7C64D7039C5BFF82FFDC" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of the tribe Sisyphini sensu stricto Mulsant, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in southern Africa, including new species descriptions" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1636469099162" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Taxonomic review of the tribe Sisyphini sensu stricto Mulsant, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in southern Africa, including new species descriptions</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Daniel, Gimo M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Davis, Adrian Lv.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sole, Catherine L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Scholtz, Clarke H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2020-01-02</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>51</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>61</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1163/1876312X-00002195</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">a725007b-2d51-4c92-838a-9e8fd27484c8</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1876-312X</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3786629</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">701C1742-718D-4486-A158-AEA608BA8576</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3794439" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163962607" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3794439" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D474D525FF977C6AD7699F05FCF0FEF7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D474D525FF977C6AD7699F05FCF0FEF7" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection box="[106,693,862,889]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="12.[106,1074,862,1063]" box="[106,693,862,889]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading box="[106,693,862,889]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="3">
<taxonomicName authority="Boheman 1857" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1857" box="[106,543,862,889]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sisyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[106,543,862,889]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[106,352,862,889]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sisyphus fasciculatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Boheman" box="[360,543,862,888]" firstAuthor="Boheman" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref28273" refString="Boheman, C. H. (1857) Insecta Caffrariae annis 1838 - 1845 a JA Wahlberg collecta. Pars. II. Coleoptera (Scarabaeides). Holmiae: Offieina Nordstedtiana. - 395 pp, 1." type="book" year="1857">Boheman 1857</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[558,636,862,889]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[98,131,957,979]" captionTargetBox="[99,1066,132,930]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[98,1066,131,931]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 2. Images of the habitus of the muricatus species-group: A. S. muricatus; B. S. neobornemisszanus; C. S. fasciculatus; D. S. perissinottoi; E. S. manni; F. S. swazi sp. n. G. S. alveatus. I. Fully developed hind wing, which is typical to most of Sisyphus species in southern Africa H. Brachypterous hind wing of S. alveatus. J. Sclerite represents a reduced hind wing of S. swazi sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3786634" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3786634/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[648,684,863,889]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[106,139,1637,1659]" captionTargetBox="[334,848,1087,1611]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[332,848,1087,1612]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 3. Images of the aedeagi of the muricatus species-group: A. S. muricatus; B. S. neobornemisszanus; C. S. fasciculatus; D. S. perissinottoi; E. S. manni; F. S. swazi sp. n; G. S. alveatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3786636" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3786636/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">3C</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="12.[106,1074,862,1063]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitation author="Boheman, C. H." box="[106,340,897,924]" page="192" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1857">
<bibRefCitation author="Boheman" box="[106,340,897,924]" firstAuthor="Boheman" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref28273" refString="Boheman, C. H. (1857) Insecta Caffrariae annis 1838 - 1845 a JA Wahlberg collecta. Pars. II. Coleoptera (Scarabaeides). Holmiae: Offieina Nordstedtiana. - 395 pp, 1." type="book" year="1857">Boheman 1857: 192</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Harold, E. von" box="[351,557,897,923]" page="984" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1869">
<bibRefCitation author="Harold" box="[351,557,897,923]" firstAuthor="Harold" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="976 - 1346" refId="ref29600" refString="Harold, E. von (1869). Scarabaeidae. Gemminger, M. and Harold, E. Catalogus Coleopterorum. bucusque descriptorum, synonymicus et systematics, autotribus, 4: 976 - 1346. http: // www. iucnredlist. org / static / categories _ criteria _ 3 _ 1 access on 2017.03. 23." type="journal article" year="1869">Harold 1869: 984</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; Péringuey 1902: 101–106,
<treatmentCitation author="Arrow, G. J." box="[873,1069,897,924]" page="465" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1927">
<bibRefCitation author="Arrow" box="[873,1069,897,924]" firstAuthor="Arrow" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="456 - 465" refId="ref28180" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1927) Notes on the Coleopterous genus Sisyphus. Annals and Magazine of natural History, 9 (19): 456 - 465." type="journal article" year="1927">Arrow 1927: 465</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Haaf, E." box="[106,289,932,959]" page="376" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1955">
<bibRefCitation author="Haaf" box="[106,289,932,959]" firstAuthor="Haaf" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="341 - 381" refId="ref29533" refString="Haaf, E. (1955) Uber die Gattung Sisyphus Latr. (Col. Scarab.). Entomologische Arbeitenaus dem Museum G. Frey, 6 (1): 341 - 381." type="journal article" year="1955">Haaf 1955: 376</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Ferreira, M. C." box="[301,515,932,958]" page="799" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation author="Ferreira" box="[301,515,932,958]" firstAuthor="Ferreira" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="5 - 1088" refId="ref29371" refString="Ferreira, M. C. (1972) Os Escarabideos de Africa (sul do Saara). Revista de Entomologia de Mocambique, 11 (1968 - 1969): 5 - 1088." type="journal article" year="1972">Ferreira 1972: 799</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Davis, A. L. V. &amp; Frolov, A. V. &amp; Scholtz, C. H." box="[526,780,932,959]" page="154" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation author="Davis" box="[526,780,932,959]" etAl="et al" firstAuthor="Davis" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="148 - 155" refId="ref29039" refString="Davis, A. L. V., Frolov, A. V., &amp; Scholtz, C. H. (2008) The African dung beetle genera. Protea Book House. 148 - 155 pp." type="book chapter" year="2008">Davis et al, 2008: 154</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Montreuil, O." box="[792,1016,932,959]" page="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2015">
<bibRefCitation author="Montreuil" box="[792,1016,932,959]" firstAuthor="Montreuil" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="281 - 293" refId="ref30219" refString="Montreuil, O. (2015 c) Premiers cas de brachypterisme dans le genre Sisyphus Latreille (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sisyphini). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 51 (4): 281 - 293." type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="c">Montreuil 2015c: 3</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 11.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[135,402,966,993]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="12.[106,1074,862,1063]" box="[135,402,966,993]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[135,288,966,992]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type locality</emphasis>
: Caffraria
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="12.[106,1074,862,1063]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[135,182,1000,1026]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Size</emphasis>
: Male: length: 9.4–
<quantity box="[412,484,1001,1028]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
, width: 5.7–
<quantity box="[632,726,1001,1028]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
. Female: length: 9.0–7.0 mm, width 5.6–
<quantity box="[232,324,1036,1063]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3786636" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3786636" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3786636/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[106,139,1637,1659]" targetBox="[334,848,1087,1611]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph blockId="12.[106,1073,1637,1689]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[106,167,1637,1659]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
Images of the aedeagi of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1789" box="[442,530,1639,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muricatus">
<emphasis box="[442,530,1639,1660]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">muricatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group:
<emphasis bold="true" box="[672,687,1637,1658]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1789" box="[699,810,1638,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muricatus">
<emphasis box="[699,810,1638,1660]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. muricatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[822,837,1638,1659]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Daniel &amp; Davis" authorityYear="2016" box="[849,1039,1638,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sisyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neobornemisszanus">
<emphasis box="[849,1039,1638,1659]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. neobornemisszanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1051,1068,1637,1659]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1857" box="[106,229,1667,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sisyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">
<emphasis box="[106,229,1667,1689]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. fasciculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[241,260,1667,1688]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Montreuil" authorityYear="2015" box="[272,400,1668,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sisyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perissinottoi">
<emphasis box="[272,400,1668,1689]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. perissinottoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[412,426,1667,1688]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Montreuil" authorityYear="2015" box="[438,521,1668,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sisyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manni">
<emphasis box="[438,521,1668,1689]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. manni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[532,545,1667,1688]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">F</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authority="Daniel &amp; Davis &amp; Sole &amp; Scholtz, 2020" authorityName="Daniel &amp; Davis &amp; Sole &amp; Scholtz" authorityYear="2020" box="[558,630,1668,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sisyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="swazi" status="sp. n">
<emphasis box="[558,630,1668,1689]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. swazi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[636,683,1667,1688]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[636,683,1667,1688]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">sp. n</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[695,713,1667,1689]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boucomont" authorityYear="1935" box="[724,822,1667,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sisyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alveatus">S. alveatus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="13.[98,1066,134,230]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[98,217,134,160]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1857" box="[233,384,134,161]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sisyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">
<emphasis box="[233,384,134,161]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. fasciculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1789" box="[534,671,135,161]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muricatus">
<emphasis box="[534,671,135,161]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. muricatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Daniel &amp; Davis" authorityYear="2016" box="[729,963,134,161]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sisyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neobornemisszanus">
<emphasis box="[729,963,134,161]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. neobornemisszanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs from these two species by bearing tufts of dense setae on the pronotum, which alternate with bare patches of short setae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="13.[98,383,273,299]" box="[98,383,273,299]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[98,383,273,299]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Examined type material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[98,1066,325,455]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610400330" collectionCode="NHRS" collectorName="J. Wahlb" determinerName="Dr. E. Haaf" location="Bohem" municipality="Caffraria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[98,205,325,351]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Holotype</typeStatus>
(photograph): (
<specimenCount box="[400,422,326,352]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode box="[436,521,325,351]" collectionName="Sweden, Stockholm, Naturhistoriska riksmuseet" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">NHRS</collectionCode>
): /
<collectingMunicipality box="[555,660,325,351]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Caffraria</collectingMunicipality>
/, /
<collectorName box="[696,804,325,351]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">J. Wahlb</collectorName>
/, /
<typeStatus box="[840,892,325,351]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
/, brown label, handwritten /
<taxonomicName authority="Bohem" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1857" box="[257,475,360,386]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sisyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">
<emphasis box="[257,379,360,386]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">fasciculatus</emphasis>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D474D525FF977C6AD7699F05FCF0FEF7:590232E8FF967C69D6869D33FE59FE5E" box="[389,475,360,386]" municipality="Caffraria" name="Bohem" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Bohem</location>
</taxonomicName>
/; red label /
<typeStatus box="[615,688,360,386]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Typus</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis box="[702,931,360,386]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1857" box="[702,926,360,386]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sisyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D474D525FF977C6AD7699F05FCF0FEF7:590232E8FF967C69D5BD9D33FC95FE5E" box="[702,791,360,386]" municipality="Caffraria" name="Sisyphus" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sisyphus</location>
fasciculatus
</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
det.
<determinerName pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Dr. E. Haaf</determinerName>
, 1954/, /311:72/, /247:73/; /9415 E92 +/, brown label, handwritten /
<taxonomicName authority="Boh" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1857" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sisyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">
<emphasis box="[944,1066,394,420]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">fasciculatus</emphasis>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D474D525FF977C6AD7699F05FCF0FEF7:590232E8FF967C69D7619DF6FF16FE1B" box="[98,148,429,455]" municipality="Caffraria" name="Boh" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Boh</location>
</taxonomicName>
/, /NHRS-SRAH 000000228/
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[98,822,498,525]" box="[98,822,498,525]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[98,440,498,524]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Examined non-type material</emphasis>
: See Supplementary information.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="13.[98,1066,567,802]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[98,257,567,593]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1857" box="[265,417,568,594]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sisyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">
<emphasis box="[265,417,568,594]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. fasciculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in
<collectingCountry box="[535,679,568,594]" name="South Africa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">South Africa</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry box="[737,850,568,594]" name="Swaziland" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Swaziland</collectingCountry>
where it is a shade specialist (
<bibRefCitation author="Davis" box="[215,416,602,629]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Davis" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1039 - 1055" refId="ref29135" refString="Davis, A. L. V., Scholtz, C. H., &amp; Chown, S. L. (1999) Species turnover, community boundaries and biogeographical composition of dung beetle assemblages across an altitudinal gradient in South Africa. Journal of Biogeography, 26 (5): 1039 - 1055." type="journal article" year="1999">Davis et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
). It is associated with riverine and lower hillside forest to dense partially shaded woodland thickets, particularly, on the eastern escarpment of Limpopo, Mpumalanga, west KwaZulu Natal and
<collectingCountry box="[676,793,672,698]" name="Swaziland" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Swaziland</collectingCountry>
. However, it also occurs in the warmer inland parts of the Maputaland Coastal Forest Mosaic ecoregion of
<bibRefCitation author="Olson" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Olson" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="933 - 938" refId="ref30452" refString="Olson, D. M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E. D., Burgess, N. D., Powell, G. V., Underwood, E. C., &amp; Loucks, C. J. (2001) Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth: A new global map of terrestrial ecoregions provides an innovative tool for conserving biodiversity. BioScience, 51 (11): 933 - 938." type="journal article" year="2001">Olson et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
southwards to the northernmost extent of the KwaZulu-Pondoland Coastal Forest Mosaic (
<figureCitation box="[362,430,776,802]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[98,131,1559,1581]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[234,930,923,1535]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 4. Distribution map for the muricatus species-groups." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3786638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3786638/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="conservation">
<paragraph blockId="13.[98,1066,845,906]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[98,337,845,871]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Conservation status</emphasis>
: Although currently assessed as Least Concern (LC),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1857" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sisyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. fasciculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a potentially threatened species, due to the loss of forest and shaded woodland
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3786638" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3786638" box="[98,642,1559,1582]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3786638/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[234,930,923,1535]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[98,642,1559,1582]" box="[98,642,1559,1582]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[98,160,1559,1581]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
Distribution map for the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1789" box="[408,496,1560,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muricatus">
<emphasis box="[408,496,1560,1581]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">muricatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-groups.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="14.[106,1074,134,300]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
across its fairly restricted range (
<bibRefCitation author="Davis" box="[464,612,134,161]" firstAuthor="Davis" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="137250" refId="ref28447" refString="Davis, A. L. V. (2013 a) Sisyphus fasciculatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e. T 137250 A 522146. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 20132. RLTS. T 137250 A 522146. en. (accessed 07 September 2016)." type="book chapter" year="2013" yearSuffix="a">Davis 2013a</bibRefCitation>
). However, the species has been recorded in reserves where shaded vegetation is protected, such as in Hluhluwe, Umfolozi and Ithala Game Reserves (KwaZulu Natal) as well as Mlawula Nature Reserve (
<collectingCountry name="Swaziland" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Swaziland</collectingCountry>
). Because of this protection, it can be locally abundant in both coastal reserves and along the lower part of the northern escarpment of the Drakensberg.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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