treatments-xml/data/03/EE/F2/03EEF24AFFF0FFD943CA696A048F0962.xml

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<mods:title id="774B23B9B74330346FF1A354AF5CAE41">Complicated histories: three new species of poison frogs of the genus Ameerega (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from north-central Peru</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D0FCBA788F5DB9C0C6EFD767294E602D">Brown, Jason L.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C35D10D7FFF0FFD443CA696A064D0904" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFF0FFD443CA696A06FC0961" blockId="4.[151,490,1311,1372]" box="[151,490,1311,1337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="D0B0F430FFF0FFD443CA696A06FC0961" bold="true" box="[151,490,1311,1337]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF0FFD443CA696A06FC0961" bold="true" box="[151,490,1311,1337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF0FFD443CA696A06930961" ID-CoL="CQ6V" box="[151,389,1311,1337]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF0FFD443CA696A06930961" bold="true" box="[151,389,1311,1337]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ameerega ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2002235FFF0FFD442D1696A06FC0961" box="[396,490,1311,1337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFF0FFD443CA6937064D0904" blockId="4.[151,490,1311,1372]" box="[151,347,1346,1372]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<figureCitation id="137C5FD9FFF0FFD443CA693706130904" box="[151,261,1346,1372]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,259,1459,1483]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,467,1434]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,467,1434]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. (a) Holotype of Ameerega ignipedis sp. nov. (MUSM 24948); (b) A. pepperi sp. nov. (uncollected individual from Polvora, San Martín, Peru); (c) Holotype of A. yoshina sp. nov. (MUSM 24945); (d) A. bassleri (MUSM 26965) from type locality (Roque, San Martín, Peru)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186519/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figures 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="137C5FD9FFF0FFD4424E693706270904" box="[275,305,1346,1372]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="26.[151,256,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,229,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,229,1692]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ameerega ignipedis and similar species. (a, b) A. pongoensis from lower Cainarachi Valley, San Martin, Peru; (c, d) A. pongoensis from Shucushuyacu, Loreto, Peru; (e, f) A. ignipedis from type locality (holotype and MUSM 24952, respectively); (g) Ameerega simulans from Mazuko, Madre de Díos, Peru (photo by K. Summers); (h) A. petersi from Codo del Pozuzo, Huánuco, Peru; (i, k, j) A. petersi from Miguel Grau, Ucayali, Peru (photo k by J. Yeager); (l, m) A. petersi from Aguaytia, Ucayali, Peru; (n) A. petersi from Puerto Inca, Huánuco, Peru." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186529/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">11</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="137C5FD9FFF0FFD442636937064D0904" box="[318,347,1346,1372]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="31.[151,258,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[276,1310,194,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[276,1310,194,1904]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 16. Type series of new species in this paper. (a) Ameerega ignipedis (L-R, MUSM 24947 – 24952); (b) A. yoshina (L-R, MUSM 24945, 26953 – 26955, 26985 – 26987); (c) A. pepperi (L-R, MUSM 26940 - 26942, 26968, 26975, 26976, 26979, 26980)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186534/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">16</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35D10D7FFF0FFD443CA69E5064A099F" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFF0FFD443CA69E5064A099F" blockId="4.[151,1436,1424,1479]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF0FFD443CA69E5053E09FF" authority="Silverstone 1976" authorityName="Silverstone" authorityYear="1976" box="[151,552,1424,1447]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Phyllobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF0FFD443CA69E5067B09FF" box="[151,365,1424,1447]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Phyllobates petersi:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63EADFFF0FFD4422969E5053E09FF" author="Silverstone" box="[372,552,1424,1447]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" refString="Silverstone, P. A. (1976) A revision of the poison-arrow frogs of the genus Phyllobates Bibron in Sagra (Family Dendrobatidae). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 27, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="p">Silverstone 1976</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
p. 37 (FMNH 56248 collected in 1947 by J. M. Schunke at “Cerro Azul, 
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E Contamaná”).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35D10D7FFF0FFD443CA698306130A8A" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFF0FFD443CA6983046C0ADC" blockId="4.[151,1437,1526,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF0FFD443CA698306060A48" bold="true" box="[151,272,1526,1552]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<typeStatus id="54FCFDFEFFF0FFD443CA6983061D0A48" box="[151,267,1526,1552]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED56DB99FFF0FFD4424A698306660A48" box="[279,368,1526,1552]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MUSM</collectionCode>
24948, an adult female (
<figureCitation id="137C5FD9FFF0FFD441CF698305C30A48" box="[658,725,1526,1552]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,259,1459,1483]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,467,1434]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,467,1434]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. (a) Holotype of Ameerega ignipedis sp. nov. (MUSM 24948); (b) A. pepperi sp. nov. (uncollected individual from Polvora, San Martín, Peru); (c) Holotype of A. yoshina sp. nov. (MUSM 24945); (d) A. bassleri (MUSM 26965) from type locality (Roque, San Martín, Peru)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186519/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) collected on 
<date id="FFF9659CFFF0FFD44021698303050A48" box="[892,1043,1526,1552]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2006-07-19">19 July 2006</date>
by M. Pepper, E. Twomey, and J. Brown in Departamento Loreto, 
<collectingCountry id="F35003CCFFF0FFD441656A6805600A6F" box="[568,630,1565,1591]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Peru</collectingCountry>
, 
<quantity id="4CBFEEB9FFF0FFD441D96A6805FD0A6F" box="[644,747,1565,1591]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="km" value="17.5">17.5 km</quantity>
NE Contamana at the western foot of the Serranía de Contamana, 
<quantity id="4CBFEEB9FFF0FFD442706A31066F0A06" box="[301,377,1604,1630]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="240.0">240 m</quantity>
elevation, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE73259BFFF0FFD442A06A3105AE0A06" box="[509,696,1604,1630]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="1" value="-7.198739">7° 11’ 55.46” S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE73259BFFF0FFD4419B6A31048B0A06" box="[710,925,1604,1630]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="1" value="-74.9598">74° 57’ 35.28” W</geoCoordinate>
. 
<typeStatus id="54FCFDFEFFF0FFD440F56A3104F50A06" box="[936,995,1604,1630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
locality near “El Unión”, a campsite located at the confluence of a hot-water and cold-water stream.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFF0FFD443986AE506130A8A" blockId="4.[151,1437,1526,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF0FFD443986AE506440AF2" bold="true" box="[197,338,1680,1706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<typeStatus id="54FCFDFEFFF0FFD443986AE5065B0AF2" box="[197,333,1680,1706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Five adults (
<collectionCode id="ED56DB99FFF0FFD442A56AE405410AF3" box="[504,599,1681,1707]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MUSM</collectionCode>
24947, 24949–24952) collected on 
<date id="FFF9659CFFF0FFD447436AE403D20AF3" box="[1054,1220,1681,1707]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2006-07-19">19 July 2006</date>
, same locality as 
<typeStatus id="54FCFDFEFFF0FFD443CA6ACD06140A8A" box="[151,258,1720,1746]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35D10D7FFF0FFD543986AAB028A0B87" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFF0FFD443986AAB045A0BCB" blockId="4.[151,1437,1526,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF0FFD443986AAB06450AA0" bold="true" box="[197,339,1758,1784]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF0FFD4416B6AAA05B40AA0" box="[566,674,1759,1784]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF0FFD4416B6AAA05B40AA0" box="[566,674,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a Latin adjective meaning ‘fiery-footed’, referring to the fact that the 
<typeStatus id="54FCFDFEFFF0FFD443A46B70063B0B47" box="[249,301,1797,1823]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
locality is located alongside a geothermal stream. Our campsite in the Serranía de Contamana was located at the confluence of two streams, one of which was fed by hot springs and reached temperatures exceeding 90° C in some places. We found 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF0FFD441C26B26043B0B34" box="[671,813,1875,1900]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF0FFD441C26B26043B0B34" box="[671,813,1875,1900]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
along the cool-water stream in low abundances, but along the hot-water stream they were much more common.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFF0FFD443986BEA028A0BB8" blockId="4.[151,1437,1526,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF0FFD443986BEA051E0BE1" bold="true" box="[197,520,1951,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Definition and diagnosis.</emphasis>
Assigned to the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF0FFD4407A6BD504B60BE1" box="[807,928,1952,1977]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF0FFD4407A6BD504B60BE1" box="[807,928,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ameerega</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of the following: first finger longer than second, webbing absent between the toes, dorsal skin granular (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63EADFFF0FFD447426BB303A40BB8" author="Myers" box="[1055,1202,1990,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" refString="Myers, C. W. (1982) Spotted poison frogs: Descriptions of three new Dendrobates from western Amazonia, and resurrection of a lost species from &quot; Chiriqui &quot;. American Museum Novitates, 272, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1982">Myers 1982</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63EADFFF0FFD447E26BB302860BB8" author="Grant" box="[1215,1424,1990,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" refString="Grant, T., Frost, D. R., Caldwell, J. P., Gagliardo, R., Haddad, C. F. B., Kok, P. J. R., Means, B. D., Noonan, B. P., Schargel, W. C. &amp; Wheeler, W. C. (2006) Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Anura: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 299, 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="2006">
Grant 
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF0FFD446566BB202510BB8" box="[1291,1351,1991,2016]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFF1FFD543CA6CED04060D98" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,448]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
This is a small species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF1FFD542926CED05510CE9" box="[463,583,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF1FFD542926CED05510CE9" box="[463,583,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ameerega</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with an adult SVL of approximately 
<quantity id="4CBFEEB9FFF1FFD547516CED03870CEA" box="[1036,1169,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="22.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="20.0">20–24 mm</quantity>
. Dorsum granular and brown medially, black laterally; pale yellowish-green dorsolateral stripes extending from loreal region to groin. Pale yellowish-green labial stripe present starting behind nares and terminating above forelimb as a yellow patch. Yellow spots present and distinct above groin, most individuals (~60%) also possess a yellow spot on the medial face of the tibia. Venter sky-blue with black marbling. Teeth present. Appressed first finger longer than second; finger discs weakly expanded; hands and feet lacking webbing between digits. Vocalization consists of a series of regularly-spaced notes occurring at a rate of ~2 notes per second; note length short (97 ms), dominant frequency of 4700 Hz.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3813D4FFF1FFD543CA69C605C60A48" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186519/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[151,1434,467,1434]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFF1FFD543CA69C605C60A48" blockId="5.[151,1437,1459,1552]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF1FFD543CA69C606340993" bold="true" box="[151,290,1459,1483]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
(a) Holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF1FFD542B969C105DE0993" box="[484,712,1460,1483]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF1FFD542B969C105DE0993" box="[484,712,1460,1483]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ameerega ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF1FFD5418C69C604380993" bold="true" box="[721,814,1459,1483]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2002235FFF1FFD5418C69C604380993" box="[721,814,1459,1483]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(MUSM 24948); (b) 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF1FFD5477569C103B70993" box="[1064,1185,1460,1483]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pepperi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF1FFD5477569C103B70993" box="[1064,1185,1460,1483]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. pepperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2002235FFF1FFD547F469C602100993" box="[1193,1286,1459,1483]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF1FFD547F469C602100993" bold="true" box="[1193,1286,1459,1483]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(uncollected individual from Polvora, San Martín, Peru); (c) Holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF1FFD5404469A2049F09B6" box="[793,905,1495,1518]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yoshina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF1FFD5404469A2049F09B6" box="[793,905,1495,1518]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. yoshina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2002235FFF1FFD540D269A304F209B6" box="[911,996,1494,1518]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF1FFD540D269A304F209B6" bold="true" box="[911,996,1494,1518]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MUSM 24945); (d) 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF1FFD5479769A2022D09B6" box="[1226,1339,1495,1518]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bassleri">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF1FFD5479769A2022D09B6" box="[1226,1339,1495,1518]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. bassleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MUSM 26965) from type locality (Roque, San Martín, Peru).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFF1FFD543986A36028A0B87" blockId="5.[151,1437,1603,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF1FFD543986A3606A90A04" box="[197,447,1603,1628]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF1FFD543986A3606A90A04" box="[197,447,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ameerega ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the sister taxon to a larger clade containing 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF1FFD547486A3603E90A04" box="[1045,1279,1603,1628]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bassleri">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF1FFD547486A3603E90A04" box="[1045,1279,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ameerega bassleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the two additional new species described in this paper. However, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF1FFD540666A1F04D10ADB" box="[827,967,1642,1667]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF1FFD540666A1F04D10ADB" box="[827,967,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bears little resemblance to any of these species, as they are larger and usually have a yellow, orange, or red dorsum. 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF1FFD547166AE5022B0AF1" box="[1099,1341,1680,1705]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF1FFD547166AE5022B0AF1" box="[1099,1341,1680,1705]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ameerega ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bears a pattern most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF1FFD542F76AC205590A88" box="[426,591,1719,1744]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pongoensis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF1FFD542F76AC205590A88" box="[426,591,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. pongoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF1FFD541036AC204790A88" box="[606,879,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF1FFD541036AC205C40A88" box="[606,722,1719,1744]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Phyllobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">A. petersi</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF1FFD541826AC2047D0A88" box="[735,875,1719,1744]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simulans">A. simulans</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF1FFD540F76AC203480A88" box="[938,1118,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF1FFD540F76AC2034D0A88" box="[938,1115,1719,1744]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smaragdina">A. smaragdina</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
all of which have a brown or black dorsum with green or yellow dorsolateral stripes. For 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF1FFD540216AAB031F0AAF" box="[892,1033,1758,1783]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF1FFD540216AAB031F0AAF" box="[892,1033,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
individuals that possess a spot on the medial face of the tibia, diagnosis can be made on this character alone, as none of the four similar species possess such spots. Individuals that lack this shank spot can be diagnosed on the basis of body size, advertisement call, and ventral coloration. Both 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF1FFD541B66B2704770B33" box="[747,865,1874,1899]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Phyllobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF1FFD541B66B2704770B33" box="[747,865,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. petersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF1FFD540C36B2703450B33" box="[926,1107,1874,1899]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smaragdina">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF1FFD540C36B2703450B33" box="[926,1107,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. smaragdina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a larger SVL than 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF1FFD546DF6B27061E0BC9" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF1FFD546DF6B27061E0BC9" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="C6C576E7FFF1FFD542456B0D06600BCA" box="[280,374,1912,1938]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,240,1536,1560]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1691,1842]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of body size and advertisement call parameters for Ameerega ignipedis and species similar in appearance. Although this table and Fig. 10 would suggest that A. petersi and A. smaragdina have very different calls, we emphasize that the calls in these species are variable and do not appear to consistently differ in any parameter we have measured." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3813D4FFF3FFD743CA6A75062B0A27" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" tableUuid="DF3813D4FFF3FFD743CA6A75062B0A27">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Furthermore, the dorsolateral stripes of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF1FFD540226B0D03220BC9" box="[895,1076,1912,1937]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smaragdina">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF1FFD540226B0D03220BC9" box="[895,1076,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. smaragdina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(and many populations of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF1FFD546DF6B0D07FB0BE0" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Phyllobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF1FFD546DF6B0D07FB0BE0" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. petersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are emerald-green as opposed to pale yellowish-green in 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF1FFD540846BEA03670BE0" box="[985,1137,1951,1976]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF1FFD540846BEA03670BE0" box="[985,1137,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Both 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF1FFD547956BEA02540BE0" box="[1224,1346,1951,1976]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Phyllobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF1FFD547956BEA02540BE0" box="[1224,1346,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. petersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF1FFD546DF6BEA063F0B87" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smaragdina">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF1FFD546DF6BEA063F0B87" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. smaragdina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have ventral coloration that is green and blue (
<figureCitation id="137C5FD9FFF1FFD5402C6BB004E20B87" box="[881,1012,1989,2015]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="26.[151,256,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,229,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,229,1692]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ameerega ignipedis and similar species. (a, b) A. pongoensis from lower Cainarachi Valley, San Martin, Peru; (c, d) A. pongoensis from Shucushuyacu, Loreto, Peru; (e, f) A. ignipedis from type locality (holotype and MUSM 24952, respectively); (g) Ameerega simulans from Mazuko, Madre de Díos, Peru (photo by K. Summers); (h) A. petersi from Codo del Pozuzo, Huánuco, Peru; (i, k, j) A. petersi from Miguel Grau, Ucayali, Peru (photo k by J. Yeager); (l, m) A. petersi from Aguaytia, Ucayali, Peru; (n) A. petersi from Puerto Inca, Huánuco, Peru." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186529/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figures 11</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="137C5FD9FFF1FFD547406BB0032B0B87" box="[1053,1085,1989,2015]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1678,1702]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,194,1654]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 12. Ameerega petersi, A. smaragdina, and A. bassleri. (a) A. petersi from Puerto Inca, Huánuco, Peru; (b) A. petersi from Tournavista, Huánuco, Peru; (c, d) A. smaragdina from Pan de Azucar, Pasco, Peru (photo ‘ d’ by K. Summers); (e-h) A. bassleri from 8.6 km E of San José de Sisa, San Martín, Peru; (i-o) A. bassleri from 7 km NW of Saposoa, San Martín, Peru." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186530/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">12</figureCitation>
) (vs. uniform sky-blue in 
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF1FFD546DF6BB3028A0B87" box="[1410,1436,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35D10D7FFF2FFD943CA6CED06E30D14" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFF2FFD643CA6CED02300DBF" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF2FFD643CA6CED06150CE9" box="[151,259,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF2FFD643CA6CED06150CE9" box="[151,259,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF2FFD642116CED06EF0CE9" box="[332,505,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smaragdina">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF2FFD642116CED06EF0CE9" box="[332,505,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. smaragdina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks black marbling on the venter (vs. black marbling present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF2FFD647A26CED029C0CE9" box="[1279,1418,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF2FFD647A26CED029C0CE9" box="[1279,1418,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Diagnosis against 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF2FFD642306CCA06E00C80" box="[365,502,191,216]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF2FFD642306CCA06E00C80" box="[365,502,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. simulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be made since 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF2FFD641866CCA04720C80" box="[731,868,191,216]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF2FFD641866CCA04720C80" box="[731,868,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. simulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is smaller than 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF2FFD647406CCA03BF0C80" box="[1053,1193,191,216]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF2FFD647406CCA03BF0C80" box="[1053,1193,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with respect to SVL (
<tableCitation id="C6C576E7FFF2FFD643C36C9007E00CA7" box="[158,246,229,255]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,240,1536,1560]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1691,1842]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of body size and advertisement call parameters for Ameerega ignipedis and species similar in appearance. Although this table and Fig. 10 would suggest that A. petersi and A. smaragdina have very different calls, we emphasize that the calls in these species are variable and do not appear to consistently differ in any parameter we have measured." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3813D4FFF3FFD743CA6A75062B0A27" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" tableUuid="DF3813D4FFF3FFD743CA6A75062B0A27">Table 1</tableCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF2FFD642526C9006E50CA6" box="[271,499,229,254]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF2FFD642526C9006E50CA6" box="[271,499,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ameerega simulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also lacks spots above the axillae and groin (as opposed spots above axillae and groin present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF2FFD642076D7906FE0D7D" box="[346,488,268,293]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF2FFD642076D7906FE0D7D" box="[346,488,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF2FFD6415C6D7905FA0D7D" box="[513,748,268,293]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF2FFD6415C6D7905FA0D7D" box="[513,748,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ameerega ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF2FFD6476C6D7903C10D7D" box="[1073,1239,268,293]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pongoensis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF2FFD6476C6D7903C10D7D" box="[1073,1239,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. pongoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that the latter species lacks distinct yellow spots above the groin (vs. large, distinct spots in 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF2FFD6477C6D4703BA0D13" box="[1057,1196,306,331]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF2FFD6477C6D4703BA0D13" box="[1057,1196,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and by differences in advertisement call (
<figureCitation id="137C5FD9FFF2FFD642C16D2C06F20D2B" box="[412,484,345,371]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1358,1382]" captionTargetBox="[166,1414,197,1314]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,197,1335]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Advertisement calls of Ameerega ignipedis sp. nov. and A. pongoensis, spectrograms for calls with matching waveforms. (A) A. ignipedis, field recording of a male in type locality, 24 C, 5 May 2007. Dominant frequency 4583 Hz. (B) A. pongoensis, captive recording of a male from type locality (Huallaga Canyon). Dominant frequency 4233 Hz." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186520/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF2FFD642A76D2C05ED0D2A" box="[506,763,345,370]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pongoensis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF2FFD642A76D2C05ED0D2A" box="[506,763,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ameerega pongoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a call consisting of a single- or double-peep which is repeated irregularly at a rate of one note (or note couplet) every ~2 seconds (vs. notes repeated regularly at a rate of two notes per second in 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF2FFD6415C6DD2059A0D98" box="[513,652,423,448]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF2FFD6415C6DD2059A0D98" box="[513,652,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF2FFD641F96DD2049D0D98" box="[676,907,423,448]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF2FFD641F96DD2049D0D98" box="[676,907,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ameerega ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can furthermore be diagnosed on the basis of 20 unambiguous nucleotide substitutions in the 16s and CytB regions of the mitochondrial genome.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFF2FFD643986D86038F0E03" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF2FFD643986D8605950E55" bold="true" box="[197,643,499,525]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Measurements (in mm) of 
<typeStatus id="54FCFDFEFFF2FFD6414D6D86056B0E55" box="[528,637,499,525]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
The female 
<typeStatus id="54FCFDFEFFF2FFD6404A6D8104680E56" box="[791,894,500,526]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="137C5FD9FFF2FFD640D36D8104C40E56" box="[910,978,500,526]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,259,1459,1483]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,467,1434]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,467,1434]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. (a) Holotype of Ameerega ignipedis sp. nov. (MUSM 24948); (b) A. pepperi sp. nov. (uncollected individual from Polvora, San Martín, Peru); (c) Holotype of A. yoshina sp. nov. (MUSM 24945); (d) A. bassleri (MUSM 26965) from type locality (Roque, San Martín, Peru)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186519/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) has SVL 23.8; FL 10.5; TL 11.1; KK 20.9; FoL 9.9; HaL 6.0; HL 6.0 HW 7.1; BW 7.0; UEW 4.6; IOD 3.4; 
<collectingCountry id="F35003CCFFF2FFD640B26E6F03350E6C" box="[1007,1059,538,564]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IND</collectingCountry>
2.8; TD 2.6; ED 4.1; DET 1.4; L1F 4.7; L2F 2.9; W3D 0.9; W3F 0.6. Measurements of 
<typeStatus id="54FCFDFEFFF2FFD6406C6E3404B70E03" box="[817,929,577,603]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
are given in Table 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFF2FFD643986E120307080A" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF2FFD643986E1206E90ED9" bold="true" box="[197,511,615,641]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Description of 
<typeStatus id="54FCFDFEFFF2FFD642D16E1206E90ED9" box="[396,511,615,641]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. Size medium, SVL 
<quantity id="4CBFEEB9FFF2FFD640546E1D046B0EDA" box="[777,893,616,642]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.38" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="23.8">23.8 mm</quantity>
. Dorsal skin of head, body, and hind limbs granular; skin smooth or nearly smooth on forelimbs and smooth on sides of head and body and ventral surfaces. In life, the dorsum is brown medially with weak black marbling; laterally the dorsum is black. A pale yellow dorsolateral stripe present on either side beginning at nares, passing over the eyelids, and continuing posteriorly to terminate above the groin as a bright yellow spot. Stripe starts as pale yellow and blends to bright yellow towards the groin. Dorsolateral lines are ~50% wider at groin than head. Pale yellow labial stripe present beginning near nares, extending posteriorly, terminating above axillae as a weakly defined yellow patch. Flanks black from groin to snout, ventral margin is pale yellow and fades to sky-blue ventrally. Upper forelimbs are yellow-bronze dorsally and conspicuously yellow ventrally; lower part of forelimbs brown dorsally and sky-blue with black reticulation ventrally. 
<collectingCountry id="F35003CCFFF2FFD640EF6FB104E60F86" box="[946,1008,964,990]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hind</collectingCountry>
limbs brown with irregular black markings dorsally; sky-blue with black reticulation ventrally. A conspicuous yellow spot is present on the medial surface of the tibia near the knee. Ventral surface of limbs, belly, and head sky-blue with a coarse reticulum of irregular black lines. Hands and feet brown dorsally. Iris black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFF2FFD64398682B03A909DF" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Widest part of head between jaw articulations, head narrower than body; greatest head-width 29.9% of SVL. Tongue medium sized, oval. Premaxillary and maxillary teeth present. Vocal slits absent. Snout narrow, sloping from lateral view; bluntly rounded from dorsal view; truncate from ventral view. Nares situated and directed posterolaterally to the tip of snout; nares visible from front and below but not from above. Canthus rostralis sloped, slightly rounded; loreal region nearly vertical and slightly concave. Upper eyelid 1.4 times wider than interorbital distance. Eye large and prominent with a maximum diameter of 17.2 % of the snout vent length, pupil rounded and horizontally elliptical. Tympanum circular, partially concealed posterodorsally, lacking tympanic annulus; its diameter less than 63.4 % of ED; supratympanic fold absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFF2FFD6439869E103DA0A10" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hands relatively small, length being 25.2% of SVL. Relative length of appressed fingers: I ≈ II ≈ IV &lt;III (numbers starting interiorly). Discs moderately expanded on all fingers but finger II, which has a weakly expanded disc. Disc on finger III is 1.5 times wider than distal end of adjacent phalanx. A large, circular outer metacarpal tubercle on median base of palm; a smaller inner metacarpal tubercle on base of finger I; one well developed and prominent subarticular tubercle on fingers I and II, two on fingers III and IV.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFF2FFD643986A20032F0B26" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<collectingCountry id="F35003CCFFF2FFD643986A2006160A37" box="[197,256,1621,1647]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hind</collectingCountry>
limbs relatively short; heel reaches shoulder when appressed anteriorly. Tibia length 46.6% of SVL. Relative lengths of appressed toes I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV; first toe short (but conspicuously present), barely reaching bottom of subarticular tubercle on base of second toe, with unexpanded disc; toes II and V barely expanded (much smaller than finger discs); toe III and IV expanded (disc 1.5 times broader than adjacent phalanx). Moderate-sized inner and small outer metatarsal tubercles, somewhat protuberant with rounded surfaces. One protuberant subarticular tubercle on toes I and II, two on toes III and V, and three on IV, however the proximal tubercle on toe IV is reduced. Hands and feet lacking supernumerary tubercles, lateral fringes, and webbing. No basal webbing on toe fringes. Tarsal tubercles absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFF2FFD643986BFF021B0BAA" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">In 70% alcohol the color is almost identical to the living animal described above. The only differences are that the brown on dorsum changed to grey, cream yellow dorsolateral stripes changed to silver-white. Flash marks changed from yellow to cream yellow. Blue coloration on the venter changed to slate-blue.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3813D4FFF3FFD743CA693B07EF0996" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186520/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[166,1414,197,1314]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFF3FFD743CA693B07EF0996" blockId="7.[151,1436,1358,1486]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF3FFD743CA693B0637093E" bold="true" box="[151,289,1358,1382]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Advertisement calls of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF3FFD74169693A0400093E" box="[564,790,1359,1382]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF3FFD74169693A0400093E" box="[564,790,1359,1382]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ameerega ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2002235FFF3FFD74042693B046D093E" box="[799,891,1358,1382]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF3FFD74042693B046D093E" bold="true" box="[799,891,1358,1382]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF3FFD740E9693A0342093E" box="[948,1108,1359,1382]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pongoensis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF3FFD740E9693A0342093E" box="[948,1108,1359,1382]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. pongoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, spectrograms for calls with matching waveforms. (A) 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF3FFD742F26907053909D1" box="[431,559,1394,1417]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF3FFD742F26907053909D1" box="[431,559,1394,1417]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, field recording of a male in type locality, 24 C, 5 May 2007. Dominant frequency 4583 Hz. (B) 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF3FFD7427269E106DE09F3" box="[303,456,1428,1451]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pongoensis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF3FFD7427269E106DE09F3" box="[303,456,1428,1451]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. pongoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, captive recording of a male from type locality (Huallaga Canyon). Dominant frequency 4233 Hz.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3813D4FFF3FFD743CA6A75062B0A27" ID-Table-UUID="DF3813D4FFF3FFD743CA6A75062B0A27" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3813D4FFF3FFD743CA6A75062B0A27" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[151,1436,1691,1842]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFF3FFD743CA6A75062B0A27" blockId="7.[151,1436,1536,1663]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF3FFD743CA6A75061D0A40" bold="true" box="[151,267,1536,1560]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Comparison of body size and advertisement call parameters for 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF3FFD7408D6A7403B10A40" box="[976,1191,1537,1560]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF3FFD7408D6A7403B10A40" box="[976,1191,1537,1560]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ameerega ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and species similar in appearance. Although this table and Fig. 10 would suggest that 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF3FFD740166A5604A50A62" box="[843,947,1571,1594]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Phyllobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF3FFD740166A5604A50A62" box="[843,947,1571,1594]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. petersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF3FFD740B56A56039E0A62" box="[1000,1160,1571,1594]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smaragdina">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF3FFD740B56A56039E0A62" box="[1000,1160,1571,1594]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. smaragdina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have very different calls, we emphasize that the calls in these species are variable and do not appear to consistently differ in any parameter we have measured.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFF3FFD7417C6AEE03970B6A" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<table id="F947B1FCFFF3002F43CA6AEE028A0B6A" box="[151,1436,1691,1842]" gridcols="3" gridrows="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<tr id="3577411EFFF3002F43CA6AEE028A0AEA" box="[151,1436,1691,1714]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76A62862FFF3002F422E6AEE05F10AEA" box="[371,743,1691,1714]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Body size</th>
<th id="76A62862FFF3002F40146AEE028A0AEA" box="[841,1436,1691,1714]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Call parameters________</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3577411EFFF3002F43CA6AB0028A0A84" box="[151,1436,1733,1756]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76A62862FFF3002F43CA6AB006090A84" box="[151,287,1733,1756]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Species</th>
<td id="76A62862FFF3002F422E6AB005F10A84" box="[371,743,1733,1756]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mean SVL SVL Range</td>
<td id="76A62862FFF3002F40146AB0028A0A84" box="[841,1436,1733,1756]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Notes/sec Dominant frequency (Hz)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3577411EFFF3002F43CA6A85028A0B50" box="[151,1436,1776,1800]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76A62862FFF3002F43CA6A8506090B50" box="[151,287,1776,1800]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF3FFD743C26A8406090B50" box="[159,287,1777,1800]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF3FFD743C26A8406090B50" box="[159,287,1777,1800]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76A62862FFF3002F422E6A8505F10B50" box="[371,743,1776,1800]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
22.4 (
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF3FFD742EC6A8406D50B50" box="[433,451,1777,1800]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N</emphasis>
= 7) 20.3 24.2
</td>
<td id="76A62862FFF3002F40146A85028A0B50" box="[841,1436,1776,1800]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1.7 4583</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3577411EFFF3002F43CA6B6E028A0B6A" box="[151,1436,1819,1842]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76A62862FFF3002F43CA6B6E06090B6A" box="[151,287,1819,1842]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF3FFD743C26B6E06120B6A" box="[159,260,1819,1842]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Phyllobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF3FFD743C26B6E06120B6A" box="[159,260,1819,1842]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. petersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76A62862FFF3002F422E6B6E05F10B6A" box="[371,743,1819,1842]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
26.2 (
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF3FFD742EC6B6E06D50B6A" box="[433,451,1819,1842]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N</emphasis>
= 28) 23.2–30.3
</td>
<td id="76A62862FFF3002F40146B6E028A0B6A" box="[841,1436,1819,1842]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">9.0 3570</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFF3FFD743C26B3303970BEA" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<table id="F947B1FCFFF3002F43CA6B30028A0BEA" box="[151,1436,1861,1970]" gridcols="4" gridrows="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<tr id="3577411EFFF3002F43CA6B30028A0B05" box="[151,1436,1861,1885]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76A62862FFF3002F43CA6B3005140B05" box="[151,514,1861,1885]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF3FFD743C26B3306230B05" box="[159,309,1862,1885]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pongoensis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF3FFD743C26B3306230B05" box="[159,309,1862,1885]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. pongoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
22.9 (
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF3FFD742EC6B3306D50B05" box="[433,451,1862,1885]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N</emphasis>
= 5)
</th>
<th id="76A62862FFF3002F41376B3005C30B05" box="[618,725,1861,1885]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">20.5–26.0</th>
<th id="76A62862FFF3002F40146B30047C0B05" box="[841,874,1861,1885]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.4</th>
<th id="76A62862FFF3002F47116B30028A0B05" box="[1100,1436,1861,1885]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4233</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3577411EFFF3002F43CA6B05028A0BD0" box="[151,1436,1904,1928]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76A62862FFF3002F43CA6B0505140BD0" box="[151,514,1904,1928]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF3FFD743C26B04060A0BD0" box="[159,284,1905,1928]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF3FFD743C26B04060A0BD0" box="[159,284,1905,1928]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. simulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
20.0 (
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF3FFD742EC6B0406D50BD0" box="[433,451,1905,1928]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N</emphasis>
= 13)
</th>
<td id="76A62862FFF3002F41376B0505C30BD0" box="[618,725,1904,1928]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">18.9–22.4</td>
<td id="76A62862FFF3002F40146B05047C0BD0" box="[841,874,1904,1928]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.0</td>
<td id="76A62862FFF3002F47116B05028A0BD0" box="[1100,1436,1904,1928]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4250</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3577411EFFF3002F43CA6BEE028A0BEA" box="[151,1436,1947,1970]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76A62862FFF3002F43CA6BEE05140BEA" box="[151,514,1947,1970]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFF3FFD743C26BEE062A0BEA" box="[159,316,1947,1970]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smaragdina">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF3FFD743C26BEE062A0BEA" box="[159,316,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. smaragdina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
26.5 (
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFF3FFD742EC6BEE06D50BEA" box="[433,451,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N</emphasis>
= 2)
</th>
<td id="76A62862FFF3002F41376BEE05C30BEA" box="[618,725,1947,1970]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">26.5–26.5</td>
<td id="76A62862FFF3002F40146BEE047C0BEA" box="[841,874,1947,1970]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">5.2</td>
<td id="76A62862FFF3002F47116BEE028A0BEA" box="[1100,1436,1947,1970]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3594</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFFCFFD843CA6CE205820D14" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,332]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFCFFD843CA6CE206AB0CE9" bold="true" box="[151,445,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Variation in 
<typeStatus id="54FCFDFEFFFCFFD8426E6CE2067F0CE9" box="[307,361,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
series.
</emphasis>
The most notable variation in the 
<typeStatus id="54FCFDFEFFFCFFD840116CED04690CEA" box="[844,895,152,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
series is the yellow shank-spot present in four individuals and absent in two. The width of the oblique dorsolateral stripe and degree of reticulation varies between individuals (
<figureCitation id="137C5FD9FFFCFFD842F56C9005340CA7" box="[424,546,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,259,1459,1483]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,467,1434]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,467,1434]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. (a) Holotype of Ameerega ignipedis sp. nov. (MUSM 24948); (b) A. pepperi sp. nov. (uncollected individual from Polvora, San Martín, Peru); (c) Holotype of A. yoshina sp. nov. (MUSM 24945); (d) A. bassleri (MUSM 26965) from type locality (Roque, San Martín, Peru)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186519/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figures 1</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="137C5FD9FFFCFFD841116C90057B0CA7" box="[588,621,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="26.[151,256,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,229,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,229,1692]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ameerega ignipedis and similar species. (a, b) A. pongoensis from lower Cainarachi Valley, San Martin, Peru; (c, d) A. pongoensis from Shucushuyacu, Loreto, Peru; (e, f) A. ignipedis from type locality (holotype and MUSM 24952, respectively); (g) Ameerega simulans from Mazuko, Madre de Díos, Peru (photo by K. Summers); (h) A. petersi from Codo del Pozuzo, Huánuco, Peru; (i, k, j) A. petersi from Miguel Grau, Ucayali, Peru (photo k by J. Yeager); (l, m) A. petersi from Aguaytia, Ucayali, Peru; (n) A. petersi from Puerto Inca, Huánuco, Peru." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186529/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">11</figureCitation>
); in some individuals this stripe blends completely with ventral reticulation. Within populations, the anterior terminus of dorsolateral lines varies between exterior edges of the eyelids to the superior part of the snout.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3813D4FFFCFFD843CA68CF07FD0AEF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186521/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[164,1423,351,1190]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFFCFFD843CA68CF07FD0AEF" blockId="8.[151,1437,1210,1719]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFCFFD843CA68CF060B088A" bold="true" box="[151,285,1210,1234]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Map of study areas. Inset in bottom right shows the two primary regions dealt with in this paper. Box B corresponds to Fig. 8. Box A corresponds to the detailed map shown here. Black dots represent 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFCFFD847C968A8021308AC" box="[1172,1285,1245,1268]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bassleri">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFCFFD847C968A8021308AC" box="[1172,1285,1245,1268]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. bassleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
localities, red dots represent 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFCFFD8426B697506BF094F" box="[310,425,1280,1303]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yoshina">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFCFFD8426B697506BF094F" box="[310,425,1280,1303]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. yoshina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
localities, and orange dots represent 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFCFFD8401D697504A4094F" box="[832,946,1280,1303]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pepperi">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFCFFD8401D697504A4094F" box="[832,946,1280,1303]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. pepperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
localities. All localities are in Departamento San Martín unless stated otherwise. 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFCFFD84145695705C80961" box="[536,734,1314,1337]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bassleri">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFCFFD84145695705C80961" box="[536,734,1314,1337]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ameerega bassleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (1) Chumia (6° 37' 5.10&quot; S, 76° 10' 12.22&quot; W); (2) Sauce (6° 41' 41.90&quot; S, 76° 14' 11.87&quot; W); (3) 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFCFFD8415A693005690904" box="[519,639,1349,1372]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cainarachi">Cainarachi</taxonomicName>
Valley (6° 27' 4.54&quot; S, 76° 17' 30.84&quot; W); (4) Huallaga Canyon (6° 34' 18.76&quot; S, 75° 57' 51.12&quot; W, north side of river); (5) Chazuta (6° 33' 30.68&quot; S, 76° 8' 44.88&quot; W); (6) Roque (6° 20' 48.54&quot; S, 76° 43' 38.60&quot; W, type locality of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFCFFD8414069FF059809F9" box="[541,654,1418,1441]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bassleri">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFCFFD8414069FF059809F9" box="[541,654,1418,1441]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. bassleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); (7) Saposoa (6° 53' 46.85&quot; S, 76° 49' 41.41&quot; W); (8) Alto Shima (6° 46' 15.85&quot; S, 76° 56' 28.32&quot; W); (9) Sisa (6° 35' 37.10&quot; S, 76° 34' 29.41&quot; W). 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFCFFD8409A69D80399099C" box="[967,1167,1453,1476]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yoshina">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFCFFD8409A69D80399099C" box="[967,1167,1453,1476]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ameerega yoshina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (1) Callanayacu (6° 35' 17.61&quot; S, 75° 55' 2.47&quot; W; south side of river); (2) El Unión, Loreto (7° 11' 7.43&quot; S, 74° 57' 13.12&quot; W, type locality of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFCFFD846D869A507FD0A51" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yoshina">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFCFFD846D869A507FD0A51" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. yoshina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFCFFD8425E698706DF0A51" box="[259,457,1522,1545]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pepperi">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFCFFD8425E698706DF0A51" box="[259,457,1522,1545]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ameerega pepperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (1) Río Abiseo near Huicungo (7° 22' 2.88&quot; S, 76° 48' 42.81&quot; W); (2) Chumanza (7° 34' 7.8&quot; S, 76° 41' 34.4&quot; W); (3) Nuevo San Martín (7° 42' 13.64&quot; S, 76° 40' 3.15&quot; W; (4) San Francisco (8° 18' 30.3&quot; S, 76° 40’40' 37.6&quot; W, type locality of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFCFFD842B06A4D054A0A17" box="[493,604,1592,1615]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pepperi">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFCFFD842B06A4D054A0A17" box="[493,604,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. pepperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); (5) Campanilla (7° 25' 38.6&quot; S, 76° 39' 53.3&quot; W); (6) Polvora (7° 53' 28.75&quot; S, 76° 40' 21.49&quot; W). Note: Shucushuyacu, Loreto (shown near the top of the map) is the locality of a newly-discovered population of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFCFFD842706A0806D50ACC" box="[301,451,1661,1684]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pongoensis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFCFFD842706A0806D50ACC" box="[301,451,1661,1684]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. pongoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 11 c &amp; d) and represents a substantial northward extension of the known range of this species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFFCFFD843986A90028A0BBF" blockId="8.[151,1437,1765,2023]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFCFFD843986A9006620AA7" bold="true" box="[197,372,1765,1791]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Vocalizations.</emphasis>
The advertisement call for 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFCFFD8419F6A9004450AA6" box="[706,851,1765,1790]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFCFFD8419F6A9004450AA6" box="[706,851,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137C5FD9FFFCFFD8403E6A9004BA0AA7" box="[867,940,1765,1791]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1358,1382]" captionTargetBox="[166,1414,197,1314]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,197,1335]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Advertisement calls of Ameerega ignipedis sp. nov. and A. pongoensis, spectrograms for calls with matching waveforms. (A) A. ignipedis, field recording of a male in type locality, 24 C, 5 May 2007. Dominant frequency 4583 Hz. (B) A. pongoensis, captive recording of a male from type locality (Huallaga Canyon). Dominant frequency 4233 Hz." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186520/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) can be characterized as a ‘retarded trill’ following Lötters 
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFCFFD842326B7906BD0B7D" box="[367,427,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
(2003). The call consists of regularly-spaced ‘peeps’ which are repeated at a rate of about 1.7 notes per second. Note duration is 97 ms on average and notes are spaced 287–752 ms apart. Dominant frequency is slightly modulated, starting at 4398 Hz at the beginning of the note and ending at 4730 Hz. We witnessed a single male calling in the 
<typeStatus id="54FCFDFEFFFCFFD8418B6BF5041D0BC2" box="[726,779,1920,1946]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
locality after a heavy rain. Calling lasted for several minutes. The call sounds very similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFCFFD841D76BD204460B98" box="[650,848,1959,1984]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFCFFD841D76BD204460B98" box="[650,848,1959,1984]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in fact their calls are nearly indistinguishable), although we have never encountered 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFCFFD841126BB804190BBE" box="[591,783,1997,2022]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFCFFD841126BB804190BBE" box="[591,783,1997,2022]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Contamana, or in any other site east of Río Ucayali.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFFDFFD943CA6CED06E30D14" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1338]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
In the 
<typeStatus id="54FCFDFEFFFDFFD943BE6CED06000CEA" box="[227,278,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
locality we also heard an unidentified species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFDFFD940016CED04DD0CE9" box="[860,971,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFDFFD940016CED04DD0CE9" box="[860,971,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Allobates</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
calling whose call resembled that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFDFFD946DE6CED06120C80" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFDFFD946DE6CED06120C80" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differed by having notes about 1000 Hz higher in pitch and half the duration of 
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFDFFD946586CCA028A0C80" box="[1285,1436,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFDFFD946586CCA028E0C80" box="[1285,1432,191,216]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis">A. ignipedis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The call differs from that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFDFFD942B86C90059C0CA6" box="[485,650,229,254]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pongoensis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFDFFD942B86C90059C0CA6" box="[485,650,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. pongoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137C5FD9FFFDFFD941C66C9005F50CA7" box="[667,739,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1358,1382]" captionTargetBox="[166,1414,197,1314]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,197,1335]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Advertisement calls of Ameerega ignipedis sp. nov. and A. pongoensis, spectrograms for calls with matching waveforms. (A) A. ignipedis, field recording of a male in type locality, 24 C, 5 May 2007. Dominant frequency 4583 Hz. (B) A. pongoensis, captive recording of a male from type locality (Huallaga Canyon). Dominant frequency 4233 Hz." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186520/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), which consists of irregularly-spaced ‘peeps’ repeated at a rate of 1 note every 2–3 seconds. These notes are sometimes given in couplets. Note duration 9–11 ms, dominant frequency 4233 Hz.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35D10D7FFFDFFD9439B6D2D048F0962" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFFDFFD9439B6D2D03E20E56" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1338]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFDFFD9439B6D2D05700D2A" bold="true" box="[198,614,344,370]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution and natural history.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFDFFD9412D6D2C044C0D2A" box="[624,858,345,370]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFDFFD9412D6D2C044C0D2A" box="[624,858,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ameerega ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from two localities in the Serranía de Contamana but probably occurs more widely (
<figureCitation id="137C5FD9FFFDFFD941B16DF5042D0DC2" box="[748,827,384,410]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,256,1210,1234]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,351,1190]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[164,1424,351,1190]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Map of study areas. Inset in bottom right shows the two primary regions dealt with in this paper. Box B corresponds to Fig. 8. Box A corresponds to the detailed map shown here. Black dots represent A. bassleri localities, red dots represent A. yoshina localities, and orange dots represent A. pepperi localities. All localities are in Departamento San Martín unless stated otherwise. Ameerega bassleri: (1) Chumia (6 ° 37 ' 5.10 &quot; S, 76 ° 10 ' 12.22 &quot; W); (2) Sauce (6 ° 41 ' 41.90 &quot; S, 76 ° 14 ' 11.87 &quot; W); (3) Cainarachi Valley (6 ° 27 ' 4.54 &quot; S, 76 ° 17 ' 30.84 &quot; W); (4) Huallaga Canyon (6 ° 34 ' 18.76 &quot; S, 75 ° 57 ' 51.12 &quot; W, north side of river); (5) Chazuta (6 ° 33 ' 30.68 &quot; S, 76 ° 8 ' 44.88 &quot; W); (6) Roque (6 ° 20 ' 48.54 &quot; S, 76 ° 43 ' 38.60 &quot; W, type locality of A. bassleri); (7) Saposoa (6 ° 53 ' 46.85 &quot; S, 76 ° 49 ' 41.41 &quot; W); (8) Alto Shima (6 ° 46 ' 15.85 &quot; S, 76 ° 56 ' 28.32 &quot; W); (9) Sisa (6 ° 35 ' 37.10 &quot; S, 76 ° 34 ' 29.41 &quot; W). Ameerega yoshina: (1) Callanayacu (6 ° 35 ' 17.61 &quot; S, 75 ° 55 ' 2.47 &quot; W; south side of river); (2) El Unión, Loreto (7 ° 11 ' 7.43 &quot; S, 74 ° 57 ' 13.12 &quot; W, type locality of A. yoshina). Ameerega pepperi: (1) Río Abiseo near Huicungo (7 ° 22 ' 2.88 &quot; S, 76 ° 48 ' 42.81 &quot; W); (2) Chumanza (7 ° 34 ' 7.8 &quot; S, 76 ° 41 ' 34.4 &quot; W); (3) Nuevo San Martín (7 ° 42 ' 13.64 &quot; S, 76 ° 40 ' 3.15 &quot; W; (4) San Francisco (8 ° 18 ' 30.3 &quot; S, 76 ° 40 ’ 40 ' 37.6 &quot; W, type locality of A. pepperi); (5) Campanilla (7 ° 25 ' 38.6 &quot; S, 76 ° 39 ' 53.3 &quot; W); (6) Polvora (7 ° 53 ' 28.75 &quot; S, 76 ° 40 ' 21.49 &quot; W). Note: Shucushuyacu, Loreto (shown near the top of the map) is the locality of a newly-discovered population of A. pongoensis (Fig. 11 c &amp; d) and represents a substantial northward extension of the known range of this species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186521/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Because these localities lie at the foot of low mountains, we suspect that this species may occur widely throughout the foothills of the Serranía de Contamana, as well as other parts of the Sierra del Divisor. Few dendrobatid species are known to occur on both sides of Rio Ucayali, so it is probable that 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFDFFD941996D8104460E55" box="[708,848,500,525]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFDFFD941996D8104460E55" box="[708,848,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs only to the east of this river.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFFDFFD9439B6E6F05C20F1A" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1338]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
This species occurs in lower montane rainforest. Although the elevation is relatively low (
<quantity id="4CBFEEB9FFFDFFD946556E6F024C0E6C" box="[1288,1370,538,564]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="240.0">240 m</quantity>
), this habitat is more reminiscent of higher elevation forests in the east Andean versant than the surrounding lowlands. For example, at the foot of the Serranía de Contamana there is an abrupt change from typical lowland forest to a lush habitat which is characterized by abundant epiphytic plants, large tree ferns, and a comparatively moist leaf litter. This may be in part attributable to a slight Massenerhebung effect of these isolated hills, trapping moisture as clouds pass across the lowland plain. These hills also have a surprisingly diverse poison frog community. In addition to 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFDFFD941E26F77045A0F43" box="[703,844,770,795]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFDFFD941E26F77045A0F43" box="[703,844,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we found 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFDFFD9408E6F77035A0F43" box="[979,1100,770,795]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hahneli">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFDFFD9408E6F77035A0F43" box="[979,1100,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. hahneli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFDFFD947016F7702670F43" box="[1116,1393,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFDFFD947016F7703FE0F43" box="[1116,1256,770,795]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trivittata">A. trivittata</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFDFFD947A96F7702670F43" box="[1268,1393,770,795]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yoshina" status="sp. nov.">A. yoshina</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2002235FFFDFFD946246F7707DC0F1A" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFDFFD946246F7707DC0F1A" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFDFFD943846F5C06D70F1A" box="[217,449,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFDFFD943846F5C06AB0F1A" box="[217,445,809,834]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lamasi">Ranitomeya lamasi</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFDFFD942A76F5C05C20F1A" box="[506,724,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFDFFD942A76F5C05C60F1A" box="[506,720,809,834]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ranitomeya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventrimaculata">R. ventrimaculata</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFFDFFD9439B6F2503EC08C7" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1338]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Within this habitat, we found 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFDFFD9417E6F2505B80F31" box="[547,686,848,873]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignipedis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFDFFD9417E6F2505B80F31" box="[547,686,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. ignipedis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
near a small stream (
<figureCitation id="137C5FD9FFFDFFD940F46F2504E80F32" box="[937,1022,848,874]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="30.[151,255,1593,1617]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1568]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,194,1569]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 15. Ameerega pepperi and habitat photos for the new species in this paper. (a, e) A. pepperi from Chumanza, San Martín, Peru (photo ‘ a’ by M. Pepper); (b-d) A. pepperi from Río Abiseo near Huicungo, San Martín, Peru; (f, g) A. pepperi from 6.3 km N of Campanilla, San Martín, Peru; (h) type locality of A. ignipedis, a geothermal stream flowing out of the Serranía de Contamana. The entire type series (as well as one A. yoshina metamorph) was found in the forest adjacent to the stream or among the plants growing in the stream banks. (i) type locality of A. pepperi near San Francisco, San Martín, Peru. (j) Quebrada Pacuyacu near Callanayacu. Three A. yoshina paratypes (MUSM 26985 - 26987) were collected from amongst the rocks and vegetation alongside the stream." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186533/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
h). Most individuals were observed and collected in the forest near the stream, although we also saw a few individuals around the vegetation growing in the sandy banks, one of which was a male transporting tadpoles (which were preserved but later damaged). Since we found no other bodies of water nearby, we presume that he was in the process of depositing tadpoles in this stream. The use of flowing water for tadpole deposition is rare in 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFDFFD9467C6F9F028A085B" box="[1313,1436,1002,1027]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFDFFD9467C6F9F028A085B" box="[1313,1436,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ameerega</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, although has been observed in a few species such as 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFDFFD940EF686403760872" box="[946,1120,1041,1066]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cainarachi">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFDFFD940EF686403760872" box="[946,1120,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. cainarachi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(pers. obsv.), 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFDFFD94646686406E4080A" authority="Rodriguez and Myers 1993" authorityName="Rodriguez and Myers" authorityYear="1993" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macero">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFDFFD946466864028B0872" box="[1307,1437,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. macero</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63EADFFFDFFD943C2684D06FF080A" author="Rodriguez" box="[159,489,1080,1106]" pageId="9" pageNumber="25" refString="Rodriguez, L. &amp; Myers, C. W. (1993) A new poison frog from Manu National Park, southeastern Peru (Dendrobatidae, Epipedobates). American Museum Novitates, 3068, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1993">Rodriguez and Myers 1993</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFDFFD9416C684D05CE0809" box="[561,728,1080,1105]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pongoensis">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFDFFD9416C684D05CE0809" box="[561,728,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. pongoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(M. Pepper, pers. comm.). Additionally, we found tadpoles of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFDFFD943EA682A06560820" box="[183,320,1119,1144]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trivittata">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFDFFD943EA682A06560820" box="[183,320,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. trivittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and what appeared to be a relatively large species of 
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFDFFD940E4682A03730820" box="[953,1125,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C4738DFFFFDFFD940E4682A03770820" box="[953,1121,1119,1144]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptodactylus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Fish were observed in the deeper pools of this stream. Males were heard calling throughout the day, particularly after rain.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF8435CFFFDFFD9439B68DE048F0962" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1338]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9339F4EFFFDFFD9439B68DE06D0089D" bold="true" box="[198,454,1195,1221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Conservation status.</emphasis>
Following the IUCN Red List criteria (IUCN 2001), this species should be listed as Data Deficient (DD). Being known from only two localities that are less than 
<quantity id="4CBFEEB9FFFDFFD9473368A703BB08B4" box="[1134,1197,1234,1260]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
apart, its extent of occurrence is unknown but probably occurs more widely. It is fairly common in the 
<typeStatus id="54FCFDFEFFFDFFD947F5688C03CB094B" box="[1192,1245,1273,1299]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
locality and its habitat appears to be remote enough that deforestation risk is low.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>