treatments-xml/data/C2/3A/87/C23A87C6FFF9FF93FF11FA531FA2FE9A.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3805.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="55b70366-a93b-420b-bee8-2a947098a45f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="249983" ID-ZooBank="F0B7652D-6E64-44CE-9181-5A10C8D594C7" checkinTime="1460428426774" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rützler, Klaus, Piantoni, Carla, Van, Rob W. M. &amp; Díaz, Cristina" docDate="2014" docId="C23A87C6FFF9FF93FF11FA531FA2FE9A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03805p129.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3805 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@77e6d936" docStyleName="zootaxa.2013.monograph" docTitle="Topsentia bahamensis Diaz, Pomponi" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="76" masterDocId="3E03FFBEFFB3FFD8FF86FF901C06FFFF" masterDocTitle="Diversity of sponges (Porifera) from cryptic habitats on the Belize barrier reef near Carrie Bow Cay" masterLastPageNumber="129" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1645141290648" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Diversity of sponges (Porifera) from cryptic habitats on the Belize barrier reef near Carrie Bow Cay</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Rützler, Klaus</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Piantoni, Carla</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Díaz, Cristina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>3805</mods:number>
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<paragraph blockId="74.[151,840,1475,1534]" box="[151,840,1475,1501]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,840,1475,1501]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,840,1475,1501]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName authority="Diaz, Pomponi" authorityName="Diaz, Pomponi" box="[151,608,1475,1501]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Topsentia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bahamensis">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,417,1475,1501]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Topsentia bahamensis</emphasis>
Diaz, Pomponi
</taxonomicName>
&amp; van 
<bibRefCitation author="Soest" box="[701,840,1475,1501]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" refString="Diaz, M. C., Pomponi, S. A. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (1993) A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: Description of valid species. In: Uriz, M. - J. &amp; Rutzler, K. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Ecology and Systematics of Sponges. Scientia Marina, 57 (4), pp. 283 - 306." type="journal article" year="1993">
Soest, 
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</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="74.[151,840,1475,1534]" box="[151,277,1509,1534]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
(
<figureCitation box="[158,254,1509,1534]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1634,1656]" captionTargetBox="[265,1266,193,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[265,1267,193,1594]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. The most common cryptic habitats studied in the Carrie Bow Cay vicinity (measurements in parentheses are picture widths): a, lower surface of platy coral rock showing the characteristic red foraminiferan Homotrema rubrum, calcareous serpulid polychaete tubes, and two encrusting sponges, Clathria (Thalysias) venosa (left) and Clathria (Thalysias) curacaoensis (10 cm); b, wall inside a forereef framework cave, showing the massive Smenospongia cf. echina (yellow) and Topsentia bahamensis, and encrusting Clathria (Microciona) bulbotoxa (17 cm); c, ceiling of the drowned karst cave in the barrier reef lagoon near Columbus Cay, about 20 m away from the entrance (“ blue hole ”), showing cemented (mostly dead) serpulid tubes, a branching form of Geodia gibberosa (center) and a few knobby specimens of Gastrophanella cavernicola (far left and right; 20 cm); d, broken-up rock from a forereef cave bottom, showing deserted polychaete borings that are colonized by Cryptosyringa membranophila specimens (6 cm); e, broken-up coral rock showing chambers of excavating sponge Cliona cf. mucronata (7 cm); f, Queen conch (Strombus gigas) shell discarded by local fishermen are a common cryptic habitat on the shallow reef (the slot cut by machete near the apex (arrow) to remove the conch assures good ventilation inside the shell); this shell is colonized outside by Chondrilla caribensis, which occurs fully light exposed as well as in darkness (20 cm); g, peat cave (undercut) in the Twin Cays mangrove, the wall covered by Scopalina ruetzleri (80 cm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249985/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
Figure 
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b)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="74.[151,1175,1581,1603]" box="[151,1175,1581,1603]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
Synonymy and references. 
<taxonomicName authority="Diaz, Pomponi" authorityName="Diaz, Pomponi" box="[426,808,1581,1603]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Topsentia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bahamensis">
<emphasis box="[426,649,1581,1603]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Topsentia bahamensis</emphasis>
Diaz, Pomponi
</taxonomicName>
&amp; van 
<bibRefCitation author="Soest" box="[883,1005,1581,1603]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" refString="Diaz, M. C., Pomponi, S. A. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (1993) A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: Description of valid species. In: Uriz, M. - J. &amp; Rutzler, K. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Ecology and Systematics of Sponges. Scientia Marina, 57 (4), pp. 283 - 306." type="journal article" year="1993">
Soest, 
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: 
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, fig. 11, 14.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="74.[151,1436,1648,2033]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,262,1648,1673]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Material.</emphasis>
<collectionCode LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[268,349,1648,1672]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">USNM</collectionCode>
<number box="[356,457,1648,1672]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="1229089.0">1229089</number>
, Curlew Bank forereef cave, 
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; C. Piantoni col. 
<date box="[1036,1156,1648,1673]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2007-07-02">
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Jul 
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</date>
. 
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, Carrie Bow Cay forereef crevice, on wall, 
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; M. C. Diaz col. 
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Sep 
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</date>
. 
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<number box="[1066,1167,1684,1708]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="1229091.0">1229091</number>
, Curlew Bank, forereef cave, ceiling, 
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from entrance, 
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; C. Piantoni and M. Parrish col. 
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Aug 
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</date>
. 
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, Curlew Bank forereef cave, 
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; C. Piantoni and M. Parrish col. 
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Aug 
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,461,1792,1817]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">External morphology.</emphasis>
A whitish knob, plate, or cup protruding from the cave wall, also penetrating crevices in rock, up to 
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thick, 
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maximum width by length. Very hard, brittle consistency, macroscopically no obvious oscula or ostia. Color white, to off-white (grayish to brown), with yellow-orange symbiotic zoanthids (
<taxonomicName box="[160,391,1900,1925]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Parazoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="swiftii">
<emphasis box="[160,391,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Parazoanthus swiftii</emphasis>
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) covering part of the surface.
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<paragraph blockId="74.[151,1436,1648,2033]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,426,1936,1961]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Skeleton structure.</emphasis>
Spicules densely packed in criss-cross fashion throughout the body, generally directed in some angle toward the sponge surface. Many of the smaller spicules tend to be near or in the ectosome, more or less tangential.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="75.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,304,151,176]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Spicules.</emphasis>
Fusiform oxeas, straight or curved, with sharp points. Size varies greatly but two main classes can be distinguished, I: 
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<date box="[443,534,188,213]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="1932-10-15">
x 
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</date>
(
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x 
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</date>
</emphasis>
) Μm; II: 
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<date box="[852,929,188,212]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="2012-10-03">
x 
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</date>
(
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<date box="[995,1028,188,212]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
x 
<number box="[1014,1028,188,212]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="8.0">8</number>
</date>
</emphasis>
) Μm
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="75.[151,1436,151,357]" box="[199,1050,223,248]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,299,223,248]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Ecology.</emphasis>
On deep reef and rock bottoms, more shallow in caves, 
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18– 
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</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[199,639,260,285]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="75.[151,1436,151,357]" box="[199,639,260,285]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,352,260,285]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry box="[359,462,260,285]" name="Bahamas" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
and Caribbean.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="75.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,335,295,320]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Comments.</emphasis>
The 
<typeStatus box="[396,444,296,320]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">type</typeStatus>
material was collected my manned submersibles from deep-reef areas in 
<collectingCountry box="[1290,1436,295,320]" name="Bahamas" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
(
<quantity box="[158,277,332,357]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="100.0" valueMax="160.0" valueMin="40.0">40–160 m</quantity>
). These are the first samples from shallower cave habitats.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>