616 lines
54 KiB
XML
616 lines
54 KiB
XML
|
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0ff5e644-31e2-4390-a30f-15225d9cbaa8" ID-PMC="PMC8967815" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1090-45" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2FE2177128BF5B8092D3A251DBEA4129" ID-PubMed="35586838" ID-ZooBank="DA810EFDD63C49C4B1CAD346B3C00C37" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1090-45" checkinTime="1648057134838" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Skuhrovec, Jiri, Gosik, Rafal, Caldara, Roberto, Tosevski, Ivo & Batyra, Aleksandra" docDate="2022" docId="3BD385E8BAA4502AAEADCC91E2490919" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1090: 45-84" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1090" docPubDate="2022-03-23" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741" docTitle="Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges 1900" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="2FE2177128BF5B8092D3A251DBEA4129" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="2FE2177128BF5B8092D3A251DBEA4129" masterDocTitle="Description of immature stages of Gymnetron species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae), with particular emphasis on the diagnostic morphological characters at the generic and specific levels" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1668151565147" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|||
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|||
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:title>Description of immature stages of Gymnetron species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae), with particular emphasis on the diagnostic morphological characters at the generic and specific levels</mods:title>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|||
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:namePart>Skuhrovec, Jiri</mods:namePart>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7691-5990</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Group Function of Invertebrate and Plant Biodiversity in Agro-Ecosystems, Crop Research Institute, Prague 6 - Ruzyne, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jirislavskuhrovec@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|||
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:namePart>Gosik, Rafal</mods:namePart>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology and Nature Protection, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20 - 033 Lublin, Poland</mods:affiliation>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|||
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:namePart>Caldara, Roberto</mods:namePart>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Center of Alpine Entomology, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy</mods:affiliation>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|||
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:namePart>Tosevski, Ivo</mods:namePart>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:affiliation>CABI, Rue des Grillons 1, 2800 Delemont, Switzerland & Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Banatska 33, 11080 Zemun, Serbia</mods:affiliation>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|||
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:namePart>Batyra, Aleksandra</mods:namePart>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Zabia Wola 75 H, 23 - 107 Strzyzewice, Poland</mods:affiliation>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
|||
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:part>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
|||
|
|
<mods:number>2022-03-23</mods:number>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
|||
|
|
<mods:number>1090</mods:number>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
|||
|
|
<mods:start>45</mods:start>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:end>84</mods:end>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:location>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741</mods:url>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741</mods:identifier>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1090-45</mods:identifier>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">DA810EFDD63C49C4B1CAD346B3C00C37</mods:identifier>
|
|||
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">2FE2177128BF5B8092D3A251DBEA4129</mods:identifier>
|
|||
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|||
|
|
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="194208511" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3BD385E8BAA4502AAEADCC91E2490919" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3BD385E8BAA4502AAEADCC91E2490919" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID="3BD385E8-BAA4-502A-AEAD-CC91E2490919" authority="Desbrochers des Loges, 1900" authorityName="Desbrochers des Loges" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Gymnetron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnetron tibiellum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibiellum">Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges, 1900</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-06-29" collectorName="Tosevski" country="Serbia" elevation="288" latitude="43.219166" location="Bela Palanka" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.314766" specimenCount="18" specimenCount-larva="9" specimenCount-pupa="9" stateProvince="Bela Palanka">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry name="Serbia">Serbia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Serbia" name="Bela Palanka">Bela Palanka</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="13.150" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.219166">43°13.150'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="18.886" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="22.314766">22°18.886'E</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.88" unit="m" value="288.0">
|
|||
|
|
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.88" unit="m" value="288.0">288 m</elevation>
|
|||
|
|
</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, ex
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Veronica" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Veronica anagallis-aquatica" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anagallis-aquatica">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Veronica anagallis-aquatica</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingDate value="2020-06-29">29.06.2020</collectingDate>
|
|||
|
|
, leg.
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Toševski">
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName>Tosevski</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount type="larva">9 larvae</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount type="pupa">9 pupae</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="description">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Description of mature larva</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
(Figs
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges mature larva A habitus B head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.25 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662233" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">1A, B</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex. Abbreviations: at - antenna, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemma; setae: als - anteriolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lms - labral, mbs - basioventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palps, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662234" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">2A-F</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VI-X. Abbreviations: Th 1 - 3 - numbers of thoracic segments, Ab 1 - 10 - numbers of abdominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662235" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">3A-C</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Measurements</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(in mm). Body length: 2.25-2.50. The widest point in the body (meso- and metathorax) measures up to 0.95. Head width: 0.42-0.45.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">General</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Body elongate, slender, weakly curved, rounded in cross section (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges mature larva A habitus B head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.25 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662233" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">1A</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662233" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Desbrochers des Loges" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Gymnetron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnetron tibiellum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibiellum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Gymnetron tibiellum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
Desbrochers des Loges mature larva
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
habitus
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">B</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
); 0.25 mm (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">B</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Colouration</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Head pale brown (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges mature larva A habitus B head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.25 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662233" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">1B</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). All thoracic and abdominal segments white, cuticle smooth (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges mature larva A habitus B head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.25 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662233" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">1A</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Vestiture</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Setae on body thin, yellowish, distinctly different in length (minute to very short or long).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Head capsule</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Figs
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges mature larva A habitus B head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.25 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662233" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">1B</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex. Abbreviations: at - antenna, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemma; setae: als - anteriolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lms - labral, mbs - basioventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palps, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662234" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">2A</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Head suboval, endocarinal line present, extending for 2/3 of length of frons. Frontal sutures on head very broad and distinct. Stemma, in the form of a very small pigmented spot with convex cornea.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Des1</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
long, located in middle of central part of epicranium;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">des2</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
medium;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">des3</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
long, located anteriorly on epicranium close to border with frontal suture;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">des4</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
short;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">des5</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
long, located anterolaterally above stemma (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex. Abbreviations: at - antenna, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemma; setae: als - anteriolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lms - labral, mbs - basioventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palps, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662234" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">2A</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Fs1</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
absent;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">fs2</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
short, located medially;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">fs3</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
short;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">fs4</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
short, located anteriorly; and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">fs5</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
long, located anterolaterally, close to antenna (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex. Abbreviations: at - antenna, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemma; setae: als - anteriolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lms - labral, mbs - basioventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palps, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662234" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">2A</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Les1</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">les2</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
as long as
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">des5</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; one short
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ves</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Epicranial area with six postepicranial setae.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662234" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Desbrochers des Loges" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Gymnetron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnetron tibiellum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibiellum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Gymnetron tibiellum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
Desbrochers des Loges mature larva, head and mouth parts
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
head
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">B</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
antenna
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
clypeus and labrum
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">D</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
epipharynx
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">E</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
left mandible
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
maxillolabial complex. Abbreviations: at - antenna, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemma; setae:
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">als</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- anteriolateral,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ams</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- anteromedial,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">cls</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- clypeal,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">des</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- dorsal epicranial,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">dms</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- dorsal malar,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">fs</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- frontal epicranial,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">les</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- lateral epicranial,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ligs</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- ligular,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">lms</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- labral,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">mbs</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- basioventral,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">mds</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- mandibular dorsal,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">mpxs</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- maxillary palps,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pes</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- postepicranial,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pfs</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- palpiferal,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pms</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- postmental,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">prms</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- premental,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">stps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- stipital,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ves</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- ventral,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">vms</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- ventral malar.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Antennae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
membranous and distinctly convex basal membranous article bearing one relatively long conical sensorium and three sensilla of different types: two basiconical and one ampullaceum (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex. Abbreviations: at - antenna, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemma; setae: als - anteriolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lms - labral, mbs - basioventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palps, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662234" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">2B</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Clypeus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex. Abbreviations: at - antenna, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemma; setae: als - anteriolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lms - labral, mbs - basioventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palps, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662234" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">2C</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) ~ 3
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
as wide as long with two medium
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">cls</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, located posterolaterally, without sensillum; fused to labrum.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Mouth parts</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Labrum (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex. Abbreviations: at - antenna, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemma; setae: als - anteriolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lms - labral, mbs - basioventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palps, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662234" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">2C</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) ~ 2
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
as wide as long, with three piliform
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">lms</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, relatively long, of almost equal length;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">lms1</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
located anteromedially,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">lms2</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
located partly close to clypeus, and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">lms3</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
located anterolaterally. Epipharynx (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex. Abbreviations: at - antenna, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemma; setae: als - anteriolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lms - labral, mbs - basioventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palps, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662234" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">2D</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) with three very long digitate
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">als</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, almost identical in length; with two piliform, medium
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ams</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; without
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">mes</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; labral rods indistinct, irregular in shape. Mandibles (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex. Abbreviations: at - antenna, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemma; setae: als - anteriolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lms - labral, mbs - basioventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palps, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662234" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">2E</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) with two relatively long, piliform
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">mds</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, located in distinct holes. Maxilla (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex. Abbreviations: at - antenna, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemma; setae: als - anteriolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lms - labral, mbs - basioventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palps, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662234" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">2F</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
): stipes with one
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">stps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, two
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pfs</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and with one
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">mbs</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and one sensillum,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">stps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and both
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pfs1-2</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
relatively long; mala with four elongate, digitate
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">dms</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; four
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">vms</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, almost equal in length. Maxillary palpi with two palpomeres; length ratio of basal and distal palpomeres: 1:0.6. Praelabium (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex. Abbreviations: at - antenna, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemma; setae: als - anteriolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lms - labral, mbs - basioventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palps, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662234" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">2F</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) oval, with one long
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">prms</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; ligula with sinuate margin and two short
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ligs</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; premental sclerite broad, well visible. Postlabium (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex. Abbreviations: at - antenna, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemma; setae: als - anteriolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lms - labral, mbs - basioventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palps, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662234" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">2F</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) with three
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pms</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, medium
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pms1</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
located medially, elongated
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pms2</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
located laterally, and medium
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pms3</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
located anterolaterally; membranous area sparsely and finely asperate.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Thorax</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Prothorax (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VI-X. Abbreviations: Th 1 - 3 - numbers of thoracic segments, Ab 1 - 10 - numbers of abdominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662235" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">3A</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) with 11 long and one short to minute
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">prns</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, small pigmented dorsal sclerite present with five long and one short
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">prns</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, this sclerite subdivided into two triangular plates medially; two long
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; and two short to very short
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">eus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Mesothorax (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VI-X. Abbreviations: Th 1 - 3 - numbers of thoracic segments, Ab 1 - 10 - numbers of abdominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662235" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">3A</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) without
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">prs</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, two long and one short
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pds</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; one long
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">as</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; two long and one very short to minute
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ss</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; one long
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">eps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; one long
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; and two short
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">eus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Chaetotaxy of metathorax (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VI-X. Abbreviations: Th 1 - 3 - numbers of thoracic segments, Ab 1 - 10 - numbers of abdominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662235" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">3A</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) almost identical to that of mesothorax. Each pedal area of thoracic segments well separated, with three long and two short
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pda</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662235" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Desbrochers des Loges" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Gymnetron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnetron tibiellum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibiellum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Gymnetron tibiellum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
Desbrochers des Loges mature larva, habitus
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
lateral view of thoracic segments
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">B</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
lateral view of abdominal segment I
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
lateral view of abdominal segments VI-X. Abbreviations: Th1-3 - numbers of thoracic segments, Ab1-10 - numbers of abdominal segments, setae:
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">as</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- alar,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ds</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- dorsal,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">eps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- epipleural,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">eus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- eusternal,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">lsts</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- laterosternal,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pda</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- pedal,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pds</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- postdorsal,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">prns</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- pronotal,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">prs</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- prodorsal,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ss</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- spiracular,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- pleural,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">sts</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- sternal,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ts</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- terminal.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Spiracles on abdominal segments I-VI close to anterior margin, functional, spiracles on abdominal segment VII not functional. Abdominal segments I-VII (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VI-X. Abbreviations: Th 1 - 3 - numbers of thoracic segments, Ab 1 - 10 - numbers of abdominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662235" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">3B, C</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) with two minute
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">prs</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; two long
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pds</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; one long and one very short to minute
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ss</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; one short
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">eps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; one short
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; one short
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">lsts</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; and two very short and sometimes one additional minute
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">eus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Abdominal segment VIII (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VI-X. Abbreviations: Th 1 - 3 - numbers of thoracic segments, Ab 1 - 10 - numbers of abdominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662235" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">3C</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) with two minute
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">prs</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; two long
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pds</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; one very short to minute
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ss</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; one short
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">eps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; one short
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; one short
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">lsts</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; and two very short and sometimes one additional minute
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">eus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Abdominal segment IX (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VI-X. Abbreviations: Th 1 - 3 - numbers of thoracic segments, Ab 1 - 10 - numbers of abdominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662235" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">3C</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) with two short
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ds</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; two short
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
; and two very short
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">sts</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Abdominal segment X (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VI-X. Abbreviations: Th 1 - 3 - numbers of thoracic segments, Ab 1 - 10 - numbers of abdominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662235" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">3C</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) with two minute setae (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ts</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="description">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Description of pupa</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
(Figs
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges pupa habitus A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662236" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">4A-C</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges pupa habitus A ventral view B dorsal view C lateral view. Abbreviations: a-pr - abdominal protuberances, p-pr - pronotal protuberances, ur - urogomphi; setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pls - posterolateral, sls - superlateral, v - ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662237" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">5A-C</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Measurements</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(in mm). Body length: 1.87-2.50. Body width: 0.62-1.25. Thorax width: 0.67-1.12.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662236" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Desbrochers des Loges" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Gymnetron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnetron tibiellum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibiellum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Gymnetron tibiellum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
Desbrochers des Loges pupa habitus
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
ventral view
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">B</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
lateral view
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Body</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Brownish, pronotal protuberances (p-pr) sclerotized, covered with conical asperities; apical parts of femora, head, rostrum and pronotum darker than rest of body. Rostrum moderately slender. Pronotal protuberances fused at base. Pronotum 1.5
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
as wide as long. Mesonotum slightly smaller than metanotum. Urogomphi in form of minute sclerotized protuberances, almost invisible. Abdominal segment VIII dorsally with rounded, prominent abdominal protuberance (a-pr) (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges pupa habitus A ventral view B dorsal view C lateral view. Abbreviations: a-pr - abdominal protuberances, p-pr - pronotal protuberances, ur - urogomphi; setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pls - posterolateral, sls - superlateral, v - ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662237" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">5A-C</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Chaetotaxy</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Sparse, setae short to medium, transparent. Head with one medium
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">os</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Rostrum without setae (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges pupa habitus A ventral view B dorsal view C lateral view. Abbreviations: a-pr - abdominal protuberances, p-pr - pronotal protuberances, ur - urogomphi; setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pls - posterolateral, sls - superlateral, v - ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662237" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">5B</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Pronotum with one
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">as</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, one
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ds</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, two
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">sls</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, one
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ls</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and three
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pls</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
almost equal in length. Dorsal parts of meso- and metathorax with two setae of various length, placed medially. Apex of pro- and mesofemora with two medium-sized
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">fes</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, metafemora with one seta (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges pupa habitus A ventral view B dorsal view C lateral view. Abbreviations: a-pr - abdominal protuberances, p-pr - pronotal protuberances, ur - urogomphi; setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pls - posterolateral, sls - superlateral, v - ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662237" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">5A-C</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Abdominal segments I-VIII with three short setae of equal length dorsally: first placed medially, the next two more laterally. Each lateral part of abdominal segments I-VIII with single, medium-sized seta. Ventral parts of abdominal segments I-VIII with three medium-sized setae. Abdominal segment IX with two minute setae ventrally (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges pupa habitus A ventral view B dorsal view C lateral view. Abbreviations: a-pr - abdominal protuberances, p-pr - pronotal protuberances, ur - urogomphi; setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pls - posterolateral, sls - superlateral, v - ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662237" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">5A-C</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662237" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Desbrochers des Loges" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Gymnetron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnetron tibiellum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibiellum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Gymnetron tibiellum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
Desbrochers des Loges pupa habitus
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
ventral view
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">B</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
dorsal view
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
lateral view. Abbreviations: a-pr - abdominal protuberances, p-pr - pronotal protuberances, ur - urogomphi; setae:
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">as</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- apical,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">d</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- dorsal,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ds</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- discal,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">fes</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- femoral,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">l</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ls</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- lateral,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">os</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- orbital,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pls</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- posterolateral,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">sls</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- superlateral,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">v</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
- ventral.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="notes">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Biological notes.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
The immature stages of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. tibiellum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibiellum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">G. tibiellum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
were collected from capsules of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Veronica" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Veronica anagallis-aquatica" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anagallis-aquatica">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Veronica anagallis-aquatica</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
L. Previously, nothing was known about the biology of this species. The adults are active from mid-April following the appearance of the host plants. Oviposition takes place from early June until mid-August. The presence of larvae inside the seed capsules is readily detected from the dark colour of the deposited frass. The biologies of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. tibiellum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibiellum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">G. tibiellum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. veronicae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veronicae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">G. veronicae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are very similar but no competition between these two weevil species has been observed in over 500 dissected seeds capsules where they occur in syntopy.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="remarks">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Remarks and comparative notes.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Desbrochers des Loges" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Gymnetron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnetron tibiellum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibiellum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Gymnetron tibiellum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is widely distributed in the south-eastern part of central Europe, Italy, the Balkans, Caucasus, Anatolia and the Middle East (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Alonso-Zarazaga, MA" journalOrPublisher="Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa SEA, Monografias electronicas 8" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" publicationUrl="www.sea-entomologia.org" refId="B2" refString="Alonso-Zarazaga, MA, Barrios, H, Borovec, R, Bouchard, P, Caldara, R, Colonnelli, E, Gueltekin, L, Hlavac, P, Korotyaev, B, Lyal, CHC, Machado, A, Meregalli, M, Pierotti, H, Ren, L, Sanchez-Ruiz, M, Sforzi, A, Silfverberg, H, Skuhrovec, J, Tryzna, M, Velazquez de Castro, AJ, Yunakov, NN, 2017. Cooperative Catalogue of Palaearctic ColeopteraCurculionoidea. Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa SEA, Monografias electronicas 8, www.sea-entomologia.org" title="Cooperative Catalogue of Palaearctic ColeopteraCurculionoidea." url="www.sea-entomologia.org" year="2017">Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The adults of this species are very closely related to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. veronicae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veronicae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">G. veronicae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, from which they differ by the shape of the rostra and the penis (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Caldara, R" journalOrPublisher="Aldrovandia" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="27 - 104" refId="B7" refString="Caldara, R, 2008a. Revisione delle specie paleartiche del genere Gymnetron (Insecta, Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Aldrovandia 4: 27 - 104" title="Revisione delle specie paleartiche del genere Gymnetron (Insecta, Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." volume="4" year="2008 a">Caldara 2008a</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). This close relationship was confirmed here by several characters which the immature stages have in common, although differences in several other characters of both larvae and pupae readily discriminate these two species.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|