treatments-xml/data/9E/07/CA/9E07CA9CE8F88F3F08142B8C7213A15E.xml

<document id="25EB35150310D7D29E10C4B6E1386E36" ID-CLB-Dataset="25638" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.95.745" ID-GBIF-Dataset="92a4774c-d633-4a91-bd30-e09a73d99c1b" ID-PMC="PMC3095129" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-95-1" ID-PubMed="21594067" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-95-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 95" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the purse-web spider genus Calommata Lucas, 1837 (Araneae, Atypidae) in the Afrotropical Region" checkinTime="1451250458162" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rene, Fourie, Charles R., Haddad &amp; Rudy, Jocque" docDate="2011" docId="9E07CA9CE8F88F3F08142B8C7213A15E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 95: 1-28" docOrigin="ZooKeys 95" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.95.745" docTitle="Calommata simoni Pocock 1903" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="1D00FFA1E0168E70B668FFCCBF60BA32" masterDocTitle="A revision of the purse-web spider genus Calommata Lucas, 1837 (Araneae, Atypidae) in the Afrotropical Region" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1732751206995" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B93994DD2A6AECB35F862762D885466C">A revision of the purse-web spider genus Calommata Lucas, 1837 (Araneae, Atypidae) in the Afrotropical Region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D6ADB4EA72D35A5F5F7B8C8025ABB83F">Rene, Fourie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="776EAA0427DB19053B108083B7693EA6">Charles R., Haddad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="547112AF63BADBFD7E6429B1A50FD1DE">Rudy, Jocque</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="1709D40D82FD0E359FF45221D2A26A74" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="A2E6BB7FA7B8DAB1B4B8D5A5AF7A2CD9" ID-CoL="PYJT" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Calommata_simoni" authority="Pocock, 1903" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1903" class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata simoni" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">Calommata simoni Pocock, 1903</taxonomicName>
Figs 4, 510, 11, 15, 1626 
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65
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CD631F81E4808A6376BBB63A05B5BE3C" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F75C26CB0054340CE3C47BD16C1B0E4D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="273BE4F4DA48186F8981FBE685E0856F" class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata simoni" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">Calommata simoni</taxonomicName>
Pocock, 1903: 259; Benoit, 1967: 283, figs 1-4; 
<bibRefCitation id="189A1702F29F91E687A7BD8B70262322" author="Kraus, O" journalOrPublisher="Symposia of the Zoological Society, London" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="235 - 254" title="Liphistius and the evolution of spider genitalia." volume="42" year="1978">Kraus 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 245, fig. 13; 
<bibRefCitation id="06FD16C0DE39562FB4E35A401DFDB2EA" author="Dippenaar-Schoeman, AS" journalOrPublisher="Agricultural Research Institute, Pretoria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" title="African spiders: an identification manual. Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook no. 9." year="1997">
Dippenaar-Schoeman and 
<normalizedToken id="15D7EF1ABE2BEDE2BC0A4C16C1E20D0E" originalValue="Jocqué">Jocque</normalizedToken>
1997
</bibRefCitation>
: 52, figs 40 
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; 
<bibRefCitation id="8994DD7753A460668C8257107AEC495B" author="Dippenaar-Schoeman, AS" journalOrPublisher="Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" title="Baboon and trapdoor spiders of southern Africa: an identification manual. Plant Protection Research Institute HandbookNo. 13." year="2002">Dippenaar-Schoeman 2002</bibRefCitation>
: 23, figs 9, 10 
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; 
<bibRefCitation id="33F956ABD85C98590B88BC3F802E54F3" author="Jocque, R" journalOrPublisher="Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" title="Spider Families of the World." year="2006">
<normalizedToken id="52F490F58371106A808E781282BE9EF9" originalValue="Jocqué">Jocque</normalizedToken>
and Dippenaar-Schoeman 2006
</bibRefCitation>
: 82, figs 18 
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="20E62FFB8344342D4237388D51A2DFCC" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="type material. lectotype female">
<paragraph id="CBD5930F894B115F9F13DD14B770DF21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type material. Lectotype female.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE9A76948952820A3852BEAA895DADA5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
CAMEROON: Efulen [
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, 
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], G.L. Bates (BMHN, examined).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B00E4A76EE1FD392D53A56C326D6504D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="other material examined">
<paragraph id="DFEC8986A5F0B833EF38489F52067DEF" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Other material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="70DFF9FEA00150BFCA58C824EB3B9E3B" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
CAMEROON: 1♀: Galim [
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, 
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], 15. 
<normalizedToken id="84C1DF02B1A8ADF4F76E13785BC524B8" originalValue="VIII–">VIII-</normalizedToken>
19.VIII.1971, F. Puylaert (MRAC 143671); 3♂: N of Dja Reserve, 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="45865164D2C7376631ABB3738C1500DD" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="13.233334">13°14'E</geoCoordinate>
, 8.III.2005, pitfalls, old secondary forest, I. Deblauwe (MRAC 220674); 1♂: Same locality, 8.III.2005, pitfalls, riverine forest, I. Deblauwe (MRAC 220663); 1♂: Same data, 6.V.2005 (MRAC 219754); 6♂: Same locality, 8.III.2005, pitfalls, young secondary forest, I. Deblauwe (MRAC 220659). CONGO D.R.: 1♂: Kisangani, Masako Forest, 
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, 
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, 25.II.2003, J.-L. Juakaly (MRAC 216031); 1♂: Same locality, 11.III.2003, pitfalls, primary forest, J.-L. Juakaly (MRAC 214347); 1♂: Same data, 11.III.2003 (MRAC 214354); 1♂: Same data, 11.III.2003 (MRAC 214385); 1♀: Kisantu, 
<geoCoordinate id="41AACE4052FEB683122F824F2046FE5A" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-5.133333">05°08'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="1163A4996D2B740397FFE1B37F32ACD5" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="15.1">15°06'E</geoCoordinate>
, 1927, R. Vanderyst (MRAC 5201); 1♀: Zambi [
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="DC012F6565C45C7F67D09D47C92120AC" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="12.866667">12°52'E</geoCoordinate>
], 1909-1915, American Museum Congo Expedition (AMNH). 
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: 1♂: 
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, 
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Forest, 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="F1C6351F5D716731F95CC3138C375DBC" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-3.4666667">03°28'W</geoCoordinate>
, 19.IX.1994, pitfalls, rain forest, R. 
<normalizedToken id="518FCD4DFD234E938AB719846F2A4157" originalValue="Jocqué">Jocque</normalizedToken>
&amp; N. 
<normalizedToken id="6DD470EFC92B6EDA9E77D5DABDB44B5A" originalValue="Séabé">Seabe</normalizedToken>
(MRAC 202481); 1♂: Same locality, 12.III.1995, pitfalls, forest, R. 
<normalizedToken id="963A4BDF54369357557D91686D7E319D" originalValue="Jocqué">Jocque</normalizedToken>
&amp; Tanoh (MRAC 205382); 1♂: Same data, 26.III.1995 (MRAC 205383); 1♂: Mankono, Ranch de la 
<normalizedToken id="7AA849D2FB811809396788B45289491E" originalValue="Marahoué">Marahoue</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0B71765E8E2CA13E0F36F37249DF24D3" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="8.45">08°27'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="29AC24C574954CB956C10E22843121AB" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-6.866667">06°52'W</geoCoordinate>
, III.1980, riverine forest, J. Everts (MRAC 172117); 1♂: Same data (MRAC 172118); 1♂: Same data (MRAC 172119); 2♂: Same data (MRAC 172120). 
<normalizedToken id="AE7D8401F11339CF38246FFEBAD48410" originalValue="GUINÉE">GUINEE</normalizedToken>
: 3♂: F.C. de Ziama, 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="291F1FD3611162AC07D2674453312041" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-9.283334">09°17'W</geoCoordinate>
, 22.IV.1998, pitfalls, rain forest, D. Flomo (MRAC 216239); 2♂: Same data, 5.V.1998 (MRAC 216248); 2♂: Same data, 18.V.1998 (MRAC 216249); 1♂: Same data, 14.VI.1998 (MRAC 216247); 1♂: Same data, 14.VI.1998 (MRAC 216250); 1♂: Same data, 14.VI.1998 (MRAC 216251); 1♂: Same data, 31.III.1999 (MRAC 216245); 2♂: Same data, 26.IV.1999 (MRAC 216243); 1♂: Same data, 26.IV.1999 (MRAC 216244); 
<pageBreakToken id="E4A1954EBD6A8AD7F999F5BEAE83BB13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" start="start">1</pageBreakToken>
♂: Same data, 9.V.1999 (MRAC 216242); 2♂: Same data, 22.V.1999 (MRAC 216240); 1♂: Same data, 17.VI.1999 (MRAC 216241); 1♂: Same data, 31.III.2000 (MRAC 216246). KENYA: 1♂: Kakamega Forest, 
<geoCoordinate id="09F51C57D1372CF882647A75BB70EC96" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.21666667">00°13'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="4BE93D3BAAC9D4314D42CD480588F546" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="34.9">34°54'E</geoCoordinate>
, 24.I.2002, pitfalls, D. Shilabira Smith (MRAC 228141); 1♂: Same data, 13.IV.2002 (MRAC 220536). LIBERIA: 1imm.: Mount Coffee, Bensonville [
<geoCoordinate id="B520A4A8BFC5C176257EC950CBBC1309" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="6.483333">06°29'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="C91AD161F5312F9638D1E23042810B5A" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-10.633333">10°38'W</geoCoordinate>
], II.1894, constructs a tube-like nest under a log, collector unknown (USNM). MALAWI: 1♂: Chisasira Forest, 25km S of Chintheche, 
<geoCoordinate id="2A2D804EFD1C8D291B75D406327AF40F" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-11.833333">11°50'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="94F63B12D5D5C8F022709D73AA2AF7D0" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="33.216667">33°13'E</geoCoordinate>
, 1.XII.1977, pitfalls, Brachystegia woodland, R. 
<normalizedToken id="CE1C2D41EACE9C09CFD77E44EF63DB09" originalValue="Jocqué">Jocque</normalizedToken>
(MRAC 169498); 1♂: Same data, 1.XII.1977 (MRAC 169499). TANZANIA: 1imm.: Bunduki, Uluguru Mountains, 
<geoCoordinate id="DAC100BAC357C5932753422DBC575855" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.0333333">07°02'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="7FDDB581B7E671B0FA6FA332E020CB86" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="37.633335">37°38'E</geoCoordinate>
, 2.V.1957, nest, forest ground in litter, P. Basilewsky &amp; N. Leleup (MRAC 111792).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="949D2919411A816551296AC9DED49C35" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E8AD6D488AD5BC9E7A81CB2D337F511C" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="230D870A45C93F35A35E81DAC0CA1093" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
The female of this species has the cheliceral teeth in a single row (Fig. 15), while an additional row is found in 
<taxonomicName id="2D1232BA4B1BC23F397C79F275AF75A3" class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata transvaalica" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalica">Calommata transvaalica</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 18). The female genitalia have two pairs of small spermathecae (Fig. 62), while 
<taxonomicName id="8640EE7C7EE3DC1EACB4F299B7C6B759" class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata transvaalica" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalica">Calommata transvaalica</taxonomicName>
only has a single pair of large transverse spermathecae (Fig. 69). The male of this species is recognised by the conductor ending broadly with a prominent tooth and sharp edge, appearing to be a second tooth, on its dorsal surface (Fig. 49). In 
<taxonomicName id="4CC8311324F331A56F52E23E137F22FF" class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata simoni" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">Calommata simoni</taxonomicName>
females the patella-tibia index is double that of 
<taxonomicName id="96F15CDF21C290A1F1E00480AB0FD628" class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata transvaalica" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalica">Calommata transvaalica</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="427D9BE59C97F0B15F585F9C790F5591" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="redescription">
<paragraph id="9EFD11E8B7DD976C1EDF4E76BBD1DDD9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="981911A254BBDCE35FDD5C3A1E698B04" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Female (measurements provided for female lectotype from Efulen, colouration for female from Galim). Measurements: CL 7.70, CW 6.10, AL 13.10, AW 8.85, TL 27.80 (25.80-33.40). Length of leg segments, and total: I 3.95 + 1.62 + 1.75 + 2.10 + 1.38 = 10.80; 3.70 + 2.25 + 1.70 + 2.23 + 1.60 = 11.48; III 3.65 + 2.75 + 1.55 + 1.78 + 1.39 = 11.12; IV 3.90 + 2.90 + 2.10 + 2.15 + 1.50 = 12.55. Carapace index 1.26; patella-tibia index 0.44.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="44CE420616CE4D72359D7E847467B3DD" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Robustly built with short legs, carapace faded to creamy brown (Fig. 4). Median ocular tubercle raised, narrow, sloping sharply at fovea (Fig. 10). Single median line running from anterior of eye area to approximately middle of chilum. Chelicerae pale orange brown, darker laterally; chelicerae with a single row of small and medium sized teeth along promargin running from fang base close to cheliceral base, with extensive denticle field retrolateral of teeth row near cheliceral base (Fig. 15). Endites strongly elongated prolaterally, strongly curved upwards (Fig. 10). Sternum and legs light yellowish brown. Legs short and stout, leg formula 4231; legs III and IV more robust than legs I and II; leg I without bristles or spinules; leg II with few spinules distally on tibiae, and dorsal and lateral spinules on metatarsi and tarsi; legs III and IV with spinules from patellae to tarsi (mainly dorsal and prolateral) and covered in bristles. Abdomen globose and pale grey, with indistinct median heart marking in anterior half (Fig. 4). Epigyne forming a broad, weakly sclerotised plate ventrally, in dorsal view with two pairs of spermathecae; median pair subrectangular, rounded anteriorly, lateral pair subtriangular (Fig. 62). Female palp short, tibiae and tarsi flattened.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00A2E0991D2125EB07537B2B1D4A1623" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Male from Cameroon. Measurements: CL 2.20, CW 1.90, AL 3.80, AW 2.32, TL 8.20 (5.60-9.35). Length of leg segments, and total: I 2.30 + 0.75 + 1.64 + 1.91 + 1.55 = 8.15; II 2.25 + 0.86 + 1.45 + 2.16 + 1.88 = 8.60; III 1.84 + 0.90 + 0.98 + 2.23 + 2.95 = 8.90; IV 2.50 + 1.05 + 1.43 + 2.60 + 3.90 = 11.48. Carapace index 1.16; patella-tibia index 1.09.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="73C58DE3255B670A599F869264A3B093" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Carapace and chelicerae brown (Fig. 5). Median ocular tubercle raised, narrow, darker in colour (Fig. 11).Chelicerae with single prolateral row of teeth, largest teeth in midsection of teeth row interspersed with smaller teeth anteriorly and posteriorly, with several denticles retrolateral of teeth row close to cheliceral base (Fig. 16). Endites elongated prolaterally, curving upwards (Fig. 11). Sternum and coxae light yellowish brown, rest of leg segments brown, fading to light yellow at tarsi. Legs weakly covered with bristles; prolateral side of patellae, tibiae and metatarsi of legs 
<normalizedToken id="9A1FA3BD8BF1D8477C0BE52F6C226D93" originalValue="II–IV">II-IV</normalizedToken>
covered with spinules. Abdomen grey brown, with elongate brown scutum present in anterior half (Fig. 5). Palp with short cymbium, with rounded distal margin; embolus and conductor orientated obliquely, pointing retrolaterally and distally, not projecting beyond retrolateral cymbial margin; conductor short, broadened distally, with a prominent elongate tooth and sharp edge opposite the tooth, appearing as a second tooth; embolus short and straight (Figs 48, 49, 63-65).
</paragraph>
<caption id="2F2D50ED0E1AFD49367D679B73ED67B9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<paragraph id="C1A4BEDAED85BA03B8ADAE21AB1AD2A5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Figures 62-65. 
<taxonomicName id="6AC4738F31151AE57F92C90E74D4CC65" class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata simoni" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">Calommata simoni</taxonomicName>
Pocock female genitalia 62 and left palp of male 63-65:62 dorsal view 63 prolateral view 64 ventral view 65 retrolateral view. Scale bars: 1mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0F548717B8E1CC2107D0902EB6FA75F" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="5F50F639362A96A96A70DC93E3931F77" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="307B0ED50A02DA5E515AD3163199680D" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<normalizedToken id="C59CCE046F4DE4C057F2BC2F33F54E51" originalValue="Benoit’s">Benoit's</normalizedToken>
(1967: 286, figs 1-4) drawings of a male 
<normalizedToken id="67C94AD061BAF5FBD8EB77CCACD6F281" originalValue="“allotype”">&quot;allotype&quot;</normalizedToken>
of 
<taxonomicName id="AB827C68B69F971B15BE33083E99F2CB" class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata simoni" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">Calommata simoni</taxonomicName>
correspond with the males we have studied. However, 
<bibRefCitation id="3795F253FAC63BB2DDD331024230CC4F" author="Pocock, RI" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="258 - 264" title="Some new spiders from the Cameroons collected by Mr G. L. Bates." volume="11" year="1903">Pocock (1903</bibRefCitation>
: 259) never described the male of 
<taxonomicName id="ABC3FD58847754F6B51A1449B5FAABA0" class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata simoni" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">Calommata simoni</taxonomicName>
nor listed any males in his material studied, and thus the specimen examined by Benoit could not possibly be an allotype. The loan request to BMNH also only yielded the female lectotype of 
<taxonomicName id="5FAB9FD01D1EA580E761D5EBD7B9117A" class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata simoni" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">Calommata simoni</taxonomicName>
, and no allotype or paratypes as indicated by Benoit. Benoit indeed wrongly considered the specimen used to describe the unknown sex for the first time to be the allotype, even when that occurred separately from the original description. Comments on the revalidation of 
<taxonomicName id="0217A6F886F9F3C76C4207734F3B1473" class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata transvaalica" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalica">Calommata transvaalica</taxonomicName>
are provided under remarks for that species below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A972647C0B5CB8668110E314CEBB6EC" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<bibRefCitation id="5B08C5EAA43BAF83073F0018B619E3DC" author="Charpentier, P" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the British Tarantula Society" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="81 - 86" title="New data on the African atypid spider Calommata simoni Pocock Orthognatha, Atypidae." volume="10" year="1995">Charpentier (1995)</bibRefCitation>
studied the biology of 
<taxonomicName id="2612D14015AF78993932AF2933FA6F6B" class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata simoni" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">Calommata simoni</taxonomicName>
in Benin, but no specimens collected by him could be traced in any collection. He collected specimens at four localities: Ayou [
<geoCoordinate id="E2F046A160DD413D0879F981C7D09063" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="6.7166667">06°43'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="1232AF404CBF053FF8A7C073C356D8C5" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="2.1166666">02°07'E</geoCoordinate>
], Ahota [
<geoCoordinate id="B3A94B70DF645ED748421CA0038164F3" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="6.65">06°39'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="A54B263A09744A9B28A30C5C52E16E10" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="2.15">02°09'E</geoCoordinate>
], 
<normalizedToken id="3D7585A751D3A70DD47F21F771FDF75F" originalValue="Sè">Se</normalizedToken>
[
<geoCoordinate id="3A212FCCF7FF814F24B2EEC7196A3C4F" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="6.4666667">06°28'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="395588AC315AAAEA52CB2E6DBFC1060A" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="1.8166666">01°49'E</geoCoordinate>
] and Toffo [
<geoCoordinate id="04394F09D426A0EF181F1C85C73EF4A6" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="6.8333335">06°50'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="88419B1FED903D1BC28A49B72BAB6C49" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="2.0666666">02°04'E</geoCoordinate>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A43240DC1BD25FB44B55AB683BB88CD0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8AA6A4D191D3A6EA28E0181ADFF7A237" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DBAE68654EFBA3131985FDF9EE8C922C" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Widespread across tropical Africa in forests and savanna woodlands (Fig. 73).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EE4386E010101DDB9AF542A9219C3DD4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="biology">
<paragraph id="AC7665F4855217723FCCBFCF60ADD24E" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E715015867F85EAB7EF6B4E6DB3EA97" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
The biology of &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="81765DD19E18E0E5EF613D0D1BC23443" class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata simoni" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">Calommata simoni</taxonomicName>
&quot; was studied by 
<bibRefCitation id="8FC7BB4C20CC3698C8895F5AE47CF408" author="Blandin, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental Afrique Noire" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="48 - 52" title="Decouverte en Cote d'Ivoire de Calommata simoni Pocock [Aran. - Orth. - Atypidae]." volume="33" year="1971">Blandin (1971)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="DE8976CA4624C72136EC76DFF1330724" author="Charpentier, P" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the British Tarantula Society" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="81 - 86" title="New data on the African atypid spider Calommata simoni Pocock Orthognatha, Atypidae." volume="10" year="1995">Charpentier (1995)</bibRefCitation>
in 
<normalizedToken id="A107BD9B88FFEF4DA40221C101DEE4E6" originalValue="Côte">Cote</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="34BBF98ABF3F7A017719B5783BBF087B" originalValue="d’Ivoire">d'Ivoire</normalizedToken>
and Benin, respectively (localities listed above). However, examination of the specimens reported on by Blandin indicates that they are, in fact, 
<taxonomicName id="F69B4548F75B6333BF610F28ECBB3E8B" class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata tibialis" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">Calommata tibialis</taxonomicName>
sp. n.. In considering the habitats of the available material of 
<taxonomicName id="0D5FEA31496C0B14A2B078BD32F230F5" class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata simoni" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">Calommata simoni</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="82752F25D7558AF037A9A5D632FFE0B8" class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata tibialis" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">Calommata tibialis</taxonomicName>
sp. n., it is evident that the two species are ecologically separated, the former occurring in forests and the latter in woodland savannah. As the material collected by 
<bibRefCitation id="876D98D0718F118139B2D29C1942D27B" author="Charpentier, P" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the British Tarantula Society" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="81 - 86" title="New data on the African atypid spider Calommata simoni Pocock Orthognatha, Atypidae." volume="10" year="1995">Charpentier (1995)</bibRefCitation>
could not be traced, it is impossible to determine whether he studied the biology of 
<taxonomicName id="566F45DBD7B3FE0710C6060215F471BA" class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata simoni" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">Calommata simoni</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="9CD1A4E8715E629957E7B82FD586E01B" class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata tibialis" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">Calommata tibialis</taxonomicName>
sp. n.. However, his indication of the habitat types at the four localities he sampled (grassland, patches of subsistence agriculture, near rivers and open ground near palm forests) suggests that the material he studied is 
<taxonomicName id="FEA6EEB13B41F7C827062B81FFA78CA2" class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata tibialis" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">Calommata tibialis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. and not 
<taxonomicName id="D84091275D687E95E55D451DD2072FAC" class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata simoni" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">Calommata simoni</taxonomicName>
. Thus, we have included biological information from their two studies under 
<taxonomicName id="A2A2F8BB1FB2CDBBA940F21B2BCF08C6" class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata tibialis" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">Calommata tibialis</taxonomicName>
sp. n..
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9FEE64A5318307506A61663E9EC17B57" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Most of the specimens studied here from the MRAC collected in 
<normalizedToken id="B8267485D35838EBE2003649F9A403FF" originalValue="Guinée">Guinee</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken id="08C8BA63946A05BD6EE9EAAD15681DBA" originalValue="Côte">Cote</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="025D22FB85BBE0B11FF18648F457D104" originalValue="d’Ivoire">d'Ivoire</normalizedToken>
, Kenya, Tanzania and Congo D.R. were collected in contrasting forest types across tropical Africa, indicating that 
<taxonomicName id="B4BFB35379A3B3B68B85C1455B1C671B" class="Arachnida" family="Atypidae" genus="Calommata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calommata simoni" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">Calommata simoni</taxonomicName>
is tolerant and adaptable to a wide range of soil, vegetation and climatic variables.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>