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<document id="F8F897C0E33AF7EC1B44695910DA6436" ID-CLB-Dataset="5667" ID-DOI="10.11865/zs20140102" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4a7f6cf9-ce81-4120-908b-a43bb1a68567" ID-ISSN="2095-6827" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4616845" ID-ZooBank="A44423F5-262D-4CCC-8CCB-BD695EEA0E89" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1616069443480" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Zhong, Fang, Bai, Ming, Ge, Yang &amp; Wan, Xia" docDate="2014" docId="B941DC62137AFFC84C96FE04C56FF904" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolSyst.39.1.136-148.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Systematics 39 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:07E7829F32901B127B59E960199959BD.1:ZoolSyst.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="07E7829F32901B127B59E960199959BD" docStyleName="ZoolSyst.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Prosopocoilus gracilis" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="140" masterDocId="4578A41A1378FFCC4C1EFFB3C07EFFFD" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of Prosopocoilus gracilis (Saunders, 1854) and its allied species from China (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)" masterLastPageNumber="148" masterPageNumber="136" pageNumber="138" updateTime="1698934107910" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="DF07A9030A6B84861123226D2979C3F7">Taxonomic revision of Prosopocoilus gracilis (Saunders, 1854) and its allied species from China (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AF149EEF2299016E0AFBD53572016DE2">Zhong, Fang</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AF31B85EF6FE14F201BE13378C1F7B28">Department of Ecology, School of Resources &amp; Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E0DA6879AB31E609DE75391C95281F00">Bai, Ming</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E9892BADBEFCCD9FDB7731390083EB74">Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A50189B0C534590072B8C7CFB652E521">Ge, Yang</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="27FFDD413066B6750B5753E9E1F8062D">Department of Ecology, School of Resources &amp; Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6EE45FC31E6CA7766A87FA9C6F1434DD">Wan, Xia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="067A81A77F415E02C74D03688351EAE6">Department of Ecology, School of Resources &amp; Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="AE52203CC8BF7D302D12E49BE23D4424">2014</mods:date>
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<treatment id="B941DC62137AFFC84C96FE04C56FF904" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5815993" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183399389" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5815993" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B941DC62137AFFC84C96FE04C56FF904" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B941DC62137AFFC84C96FE04C56FF904" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="2" pageNumber="138">
<subSubSection id="79F23EFF137AFFCE4C96FE04C33BFE33" box="[136,837,438,462]" pageId="2" pageNumber="138" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="31576D74137AFFCE4C96FE04C33BFE33" blockId="2.[136,837,438,590]" box="[136,837,438,462]" pageId="2" pageNumber="138">
<heading id="6A1FDA18137AFFCE4C96FE04C33BFE33" box="[136,837,438,462]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="138" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="F6E816F7137AFFCE4C96FE04C23CFE33" ID-CoL="7YH42" authority="(Saunders, 1854)" baseAuthorityName="Saunders" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[136,578,439,462]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="039CB166137AFFCE4C96FE04C23CFE33" bold="true" box="[136,578,439,462]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="138">
Prosopocoilus gracilis (
<bibRefCitation id="55791085137AFFCE4D94FE04C244FE33" author="Saunders" box="[394,570,439,462]" pageId="2" pageNumber="138" pagination="45 - 55" refId="ref8809" refString="Saunders, W. W. 1854. Characters of undescribed Lucanidae, collected in China by R. Fortune, Esq. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond, 3 (2): 45 - 55, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1854">Saunders, 1854</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="A9D371F1137AFFCE4E7AFE04C2D6FE33" box="[612,680,439,462]" captionStart="Figs 1–4" captionStartId="2.[136,177,1517,1538]" captionTargetBox="[256,1359,635,1464]" captionTargetId="figure-393@2.[212,1384,623,1472]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–4. Labels, type specimens in MNHN. 1. Lectotype of Prosopocoilu gracilis (Saunders). 2. Holotype of Prosopocoilus piceipennis. 3. Holotype of Prosopocoilus tonkinensis. 4. Lectotype of Prosopocoilus denticulatus. Scale bars = 10mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4616847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4616847/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="138">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A9D371F1137AFFCE4EABFE04C293FE33" box="[693,749,438,462]" captionStart="Figs 5–17" captionStartId="3.[136,177,1927,1948]" captionTargetBox="[281,1307,255,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-72@3.[166,1413,248,1882]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 5–17. Prosopocoilus gracilis. 5–12, 14–17. ♂ 13. ♀ 5–7. Specimens from Fujian, Mt. Wuyi. 8. Specimens from Zhejiang, Mt. Tianmu. 9–13. Specimens from Guangxi, Wuming. 14–16. Specimens from Guangxi, Mt. Daming. 17. Specimens from Yunnan, Malipo. 5–6, 8–10, 15–17. Large. 7, 11–12. Medium-sized. 14. Small. 16. With one tooth. Scale bars = 10mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4616851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4616851/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="138">5–17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A9D371F1137AFFCE4EE6FE04C343FE33" box="[760,829,438,462]" captionStart="Figs 43–60" captionStartId="10.[136,177,1696,1717]" captionTargetBox="[147,1440,258,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-145@10.[136,1451,251,1652]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs 43–60. Aedeagus in ventral view, dorsal view and lateral view. 43–48. Prosopocoilus gracilis (Saunders). 43–45. Specimen from Fujian. 46–48. Specimen from Yunnan. 49–51. Prosopocoilus similis. 52–54. Prosopocoilus piceipennis. 55–57. Prosopocoilus crenulidens. 58–60. Prosopocoilus denticulatus. Scale bars = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4616857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4616857/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="138">43–48</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="79F23EFF137AFFCE4C96FE6AC2B2FDB3" pageId="2" pageNumber="138" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="31576D74137AFFCE4C96FE6AC345FE13" blockId="2.[136,837,438,590]" box="[136,827,473,494]" pageId="2" pageNumber="138">
<taxonomicName id="F6E816F7137AFFCE4C96FE6AC185FE13" ID-CoL="VP7G" authority="Saunders, 1854" authorityName="Saunders" authorityYear="1854" box="[136,507,473,494]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Cladognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="039CB166137AFFCE4C96FE6AC120FE13" box="[136,350,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="138">Cladognathus gracilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="55791085137AFFCE4D7AFE6AC185FE13" author="Saunders" box="[356,507,473,494]" pageId="2" pageNumber="138" pagination="45 - 55" refId="ref8809" refString="Saunders, W. W. 1854. Characters of undescribed Lucanidae, collected in China by R. Fortune, Esq. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond, 3 (2): 45 - 55, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1854">Saunders, 1854</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="039CB166137AFFCE4E1AFE6AC2A3FE13" box="[516,733,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="138">Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.</emphasis>
, 3(2): 47.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="31576D74137AFFCE4C96FE4AC2B3FDF3" blockId="2.[136,837,438,590]" box="[136,717,505,526]" pageId="2" pageNumber="138">
<taxonomicName id="F6E816F7137AFFCE4C96FE4AC19CFDF3" authority=": Roon, 1910" authorityName="Roon" authorityYear="1910" box="[136,482,505,526]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Hemisodorcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="039CB166137AFFCE4C96FE4AC11CFDF3" box="[136,354,505,526]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="138">Hemisodorcus gracilis</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="55791085137AFFCE4D71FE4AC19CFDF3" author="Van Roon" box="[367,482,505,526]" pageId="2" pageNumber="138" refId="ref8913" refString="Van Roon, G. 1910. Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 8. Lucanidae. Junk Ed., Berlin. 70 pp." type="book" year="1910">Roon, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="039CB166137AFFCE4DF5FE4AC220FDF3" box="[491,606,505,526]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="138">Coleop. Cat</emphasis>
., par 8: 32.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="31576D74137AFFCE4C96FDAAC35DFDD3" blockId="2.[136,837,438,590]" box="[136,803,534,558]" pageId="2" pageNumber="138">
<taxonomicName id="F6E816F7137AFFCE4C96FDAAC18BFDD3" ID-CoL="7YH42" authority=": Benesh, 1950" authorityName=": Benesh" authorityYear="1950" box="[136,501,537,558]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="039CB166137AFFCE4C96FDAAC11CFDD3" box="[136,354,537,558]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="138">Prosopocoilus gracilis</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="55791085137AFFCE4D71FDAAC18BFDD3" author="Benesh" box="[367,501,537,558]" pageId="2" pageNumber="138" pagination="11 - 18" refId="ref8190" refString="Benesh, B. 1950. Descriptions of new species of stagbeetles from Formosa and the Philippines (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). Pan-Pacific Ent., 26 (1): 11 - 18." type="journal article" year="1950">Benesh, 1950</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="039CB166137AFFCE4DE0FDAAC2F2FDD3" box="[510,652,537,558]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="138">Pan-Pacif. Ent</emphasis>
., 26(2): 16–17.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="31576D74137AFFCE4C96FD8AC2B2FDB3" blockId="2.[136,837,438,590]" box="[136,716,569,590]" pageId="2" pageNumber="138">
<taxonomicName id="F6E816F7137AFFCE4C96FD8AC1BCFDB3" ID-CoL="6G3NL" authority=": Seguy, 1954" authorityName="Seguy" authorityYear="1954" box="[136,450,569,590]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Epidorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="039CB166137AFFCE4C96FD8AC144FDB3" box="[136,314,569,590]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="138">Epidorcus gracilis</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="55791085137AFFCE4D59FD8AC1BCFDB3" author="Seguy" box="[327,450,569,590]" pageId="2" pageNumber="138" pagination="184 - 194" refId="ref8878" refString="Seguy, E. 1954. Les Hemisodorcites du Museum de Paris. (Col. Lucanidae). Rev. Fr. Ent., 21 (3): 184 - 194." type="journal article" year="1954">Séguy, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="039CB166137AFFCE4DD5FD8AC230FDB3" box="[459,590,569,590]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="138">Revue Fr. Ent</emphasis>
., 21(3): 192.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="65973DFC137AFFCE4C96FA5EC540F9DF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4616847" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4616847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4616847/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="138" startId="2.[136,177,1517,1538]" targetBox="[256,1359,635,1464]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="31576D74137AFFCE4C96FA5EC540F9DF" blockId="2.[136,1452,1514,1570]" pageId="2" pageNumber="138">
Figs 1–4. Labels, type specimens in MNHN. 1. Lectotype of
<taxonomicName id="F6E816F7137AFFCE4F06FA5EC41AF9FF" authority="(Saunders)" baseAuthorityName="Saunders" box="[792,1124,1517,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilu" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="039CB166137AFFCE4F06FA5EC393F9FF" box="[792,1005,1517,1538]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="138">Prosopocoilu gracilis</emphasis>
(Saunders)
</taxonomicName>
. 2. Holotype of
<taxonomicName id="F6E816F7137AFFCE493FFA5EC08BF9DF" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piceipennis">
<emphasis id="039CB166137AFFCE493FFA5EC08BF9DF" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="138">Prosopocoilus piceipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 3. Holotype of
<taxonomicName id="F6E816F7137AFFCE4DBBF9BEC2DCF9DF" authorityName="Pouillaude" authorityYear="1913" box="[421,674,1549,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonkinensis">
<emphasis id="039CB166137AFFCE4DBBF9BEC2DCF9DF" box="[421,674,1549,1570]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="138">Prosopocoilus tonkinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 4. Lectotype of
<taxonomicName id="F6E816F7137AFFCE4F46F9BEC423F9DF" baseAuthorityName="Boileau" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[856,1117,1549,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denticulatus">
<emphasis id="039CB166137AFFCE4F46F9BEC423F9DF" box="[856,1117,1549,1570]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="138">Prosopocoilus denticulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bars = 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="79F23EFF137AFFC84CA2F9CAC5DFFDE4" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="2" pageNumber="138" type="description">
<paragraph id="31576D74137AFFC84CA2F9CAC5DFFDE4" blockId="2.[136,1452,1656,1992]" lastBlockId="4.[136,1460,237,1785]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="2" pageNumber="138">
Length
<quantity id="F610C091137AFFCE4D0FF9CAC1FBF96D" box="[273,389,1656,1680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="138" unit="mm" value="32.0" valueMax="48.0" valueMin="16.0">16–48 mm</quantity>
. Width
<quantity id="F610C091137AFFCE4DC3F9CAC23DF96D" box="[477,579,1656,1680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="138" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="7.0">7–15 mm</quantity>
. Color. Reddish to dark brown (
<figureCitation id="A9D371F1137AFFCE4FB6F9CAC467F96D" box="[936,1049,1656,1680]" captionStart="Figs 5–17" captionStartId="3.[136,177,1927,1948]" captionTargetBox="[281,1307,255,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-72@3.[166,1413,248,1882]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 5–17. Prosopocoilus gracilis. 5–12, 14–17. ♂ 13. ♀ 5–7. Specimens from Fujian, Mt. Wuyi. 8. Specimens from Zhejiang, Mt. Tianmu. 9–13. Specimens from Guangxi, Wuming. 14–16. Specimens from Guangxi, Mt. Daming. 17. Specimens from Yunnan, Malipo. 5–6, 8–10, 15–17. Large. 7, 11–12. Medium-sized. 14. Small. 16. With one tooth. Scale bars = 10mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4616851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4616851/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="138">Figs 5–17</figureCitation>
). Head. Almost inverted trapezoidal, 1.8 times wider than long. Anterior margin at middle strongly concaved, with forming a large, deep, triangularly frontal depression in males. Vertex strongly raised, almost V-shaped. In females, the frontal depression very small and quite shallow mainly covered with densely large punctures; vertex slightly raised. Male mandibles. About 1.2–3.3 times the total length of head and pronotum in males. Mandibles of large males strongly curved inwards, the apex sharp with a sub-apcial vestigial tooth (
<figureCitation id="A9D371F1137AFFCE4D31F895C1E2F8C0" box="[303,412,1830,1854]" captionStart="Figs 5–17" captionStartId="3.[136,177,1927,1948]" captionTargetBox="[281,1307,255,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-72@3.[166,1413,248,1882]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 5–17. Prosopocoilus gracilis. 5–12, 14–17. ♂ 13. ♀ 5–7. Specimens from Fujian, Mt. Wuyi. 8. Specimens from Zhejiang, Mt. Tianmu. 9–13. Specimens from Guangxi, Wuming. 14–16. Specimens from Guangxi, Mt. Daming. 17. Specimens from Yunnan, Malipo. 5–6, 8–10, 15–17. Large. 7, 11–12. Medium-sized. 14. Small. 16. With one tooth. Scale bars = 10mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4616851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4616851/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="138">Figs 9–12</figureCitation>
) or completely absent in most of specimens. A large triangular tooth situated anteriorly (about at 1/3–1/2 position on each mandible); at the front of this tooth, 2–5 denticles sparsely presented near to the apex; behind of it, 5–12 denticles regularly serrated to the mandibular base. Size of this tooth and the amount of denticles gradually reduced following to the body size diminishing in males, exceptionally, only a large tooth presented without any denticles (
<figureCitation id="A9D371F1137AFFCE4C8EF802C09EF835" box="[144,224,1969,1992]" captionStart="Figs 5–17" captionStartId="3.[136,177,1927,1948]" captionTargetBox="[281,1307,255,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-72@3.[166,1413,248,1882]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 5–17. Prosopocoilus gracilis. 5–12, 14–17. ♂ 13. ♀ 5–7. Specimens from Fujian, Mt. Wuyi. 8. Specimens from Zhejiang, Mt. Tianmu. 9–13. Specimens from Guangxi, Wuming. 14–16. Specimens from Guangxi, Mt. Daming. 17. Specimens from Yunnan, Malipo. 5–6, 8–10, 15–17. Large. 7, 11–12. Medium-sized. 14. Small. 16. With one tooth. Scale bars = 10mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4616851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4616851/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="138">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
). Mentum. Almost trapezoidal, front angles rounded with small punctures in males. That of female with larger and denser punctures, containing sparsely brown setae. Pronotum. 2.0 times wider than long, as wide as that of head. Front angles relatively acute. Lateral margins curved, strongly divergent on the anterior 2/3 and then convergent on the posterior 1/
<quantity id="F610C091137CFFC84C83FE81C0B6FEB4" box="[157,200,306,329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
males, almost uniformly convex in females. Hind angles obtusely rounded. Elytra. 1.4 times longer than wide, as wide as that of pronotum. Disc dim and reddish. Punctures presented densely along the elytra suture. Legs. Front tibiae slender, laterally serrated with 5–7 small teeth. Middle and hind tibiae simply with a very small spine. Aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="A9D371F1137CFFC84962FECBC0B1FE4C" captionStart="Figs 43–60" captionStartId="10.[136,177,1696,1717]" captionTargetBox="[147,1440,258,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-145@10.[136,1451,251,1652]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs 43–60. Aedeagus in ventral view, dorsal view and lateral view. 43–48. Prosopocoilus gracilis (Saunders). 43–45. Specimen from Fujian. 46–48. Specimen from Yunnan. 49–51. Prosopocoilus similis. 52–54. Prosopocoilus piceipennis. 55–57. Prosopocoilus crenulidens. 58–60. Prosopocoilus denticulatus. Scale bars = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4616857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4616857/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Figs 43–48</figureCitation>
). Slender, the ventrally triangular teeth of PA small and short (about 1.0 mm from its point angle to outer margin of PA). PES about 2.0 times the length of Tegmen. BP about 1.8 times the length of PA. Female genitalia (
<figureCitation id="A9D371F1137CFFC84901FE0EC50DFE29" box="[1311,1395,445,468]" captionStart="Figs 61–63" captionStartId="11.[136,177,1950,1971]" captionTargetBox="[225,1372,1296,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-540@11.[205,1386,1280,1940]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 61–63. Female genitalia. 61. Prosopocoilus gracilis. 62. Prosopocoilus crenulidens. 63. Prosopocoilus denticulatus. Scale bars = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4616859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4616859/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
). HS strongly sclerotized with sub-round apex, irregular plate-liked, somewhat bifurcated at base. Paired sclerites of sternite 9 relatively narrow. SD slightly widened where it joins BC. S almost elongate oval-shaped. SG slender with expanded apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="65973DFC137BFFCF4C96F834C51EF821" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4616851" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4616851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4616851/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="139" startId="3.[136,177,1927,1948]" targetBox="[281,1307,255,1870]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="31576D74137BFFCF4C96F834C51EF821" blockId="3.[136,1452,1927,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="139">
Figs 5–17.
<taxonomicName id="F6E816F7137BFFCF4CE9F834C1ACF861" authorityName=": Benesh" authorityYear="1950" box="[247,466,1927,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="039CB166137BFFCF4CE9F834C1ACF861" box="[247,466,1927,1948]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="139">Prosopocoilus gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 5–12, 14–17. ♂ 13. ♀ 5–7. Specimens from Fujian, Mt. Wuyi. 8. Specimens from Zhejiang, Mt. Tianmu. 9–13. Specimens from Guangxi, Wuming. 14–16. Specimens from Guangxi, Mt. Daming. 17. Specimens from Yunnan, Malipo. 5–6, 8–10, 15–17. Large. 7, 11–12. Medium-sized. 14. Small. 16. With one tooth. Scale bars = 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="79F23EFF137CFFC84CA2FD96C373FAE9" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="31576D74137CFFC84CA2FD96C139FCF1" blockId="4.[136,1460,237,1785]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">
<materialsCitation id="81806729137CFFC84CA2FD96C4F5FD3A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314664329" collectionCode="MNHN, BMNH" collectorName="F. S. Parry" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="EE53D3D6137CFFC84CA2FD96C159FDC1" box="[188,295,549,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
designation.
<bibRefCitation id="55791085137CFFC84DA6FD96C216FDC1" author="Saunders" box="[440,616,549,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" pagination="45 - 55" refId="ref8809" refString="Saunders, W. W. 1854. Characters of undescribed Lucanidae, collected in China by R. Fortune, Esq. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond, 3 (2): 45 - 55, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1854">Saunders (1854)</bibRefCitation>
wrote: “All the species described in this paper in the Collection at the British Museum, and most of them will also be found in the Collection of
<collectorName id="9C1D08A2137CFFC84F4DFDFBC3B6FDA2" box="[851,968,584,607]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">F. S. Parry</collectorName>
, Esp., as well as my own collection”. During our study of these specimens, we found one male with old “Type” label in
<collectionCode id="57F9F5B1137CFFC84FB7FDD9C384FD7C" box="[937,1018,618,641]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">MNHN</collectionCode>
(
<figureCitation id="A9D371F1137CFFC84817FDD9C439FD7C" box="[1033,1095,618,641]" captionStart="Figs 1–4" captionStartId="2.[136,177,1517,1538]" captionTargetBox="[256,1359,635,1464]" captionTargetId="figure-393@2.[212,1384,623,1472]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–4. Labels, type specimens in MNHN. 1. Lectotype of Prosopocoilu gracilis (Saunders). 2. Holotype of Prosopocoilus piceipennis. 3. Holotype of Prosopocoilus tonkinensis. 4. Lectotype of Prosopocoilus denticulatus. Scale bars = 10mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4616847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4616847/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) and one male with old “cotype” label in
<collectionCode id="57F9F5B1137CFFC84CC1FD3EC14CFD59" box="[223,306,653,676]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">BMNH</collectionCode>
, which meant the male in
<collectionCode id="57F9F5B1137CFFC84E52FD3EC2E0FD59" box="[588,670,653,676]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">MNHN</collectionCode>
should be the described specimen by Saunders. Considering that Parry’s collection partly in
<collectionCode id="57F9F5B1137CFFC84D46FD03C1D6FD3A" box="[344,424,688,711]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">BMNH</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="57F9F5B1137CFFC84DC2FD03C24EFD3A" box="[476,560,688,711]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">MNHN</collectionCode>
, we designated the male with “Type” label in
<collectionCode id="57F9F5B1137CFFC84802FD03C413FD3A" box="[1052,1133,688,711]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">MNHN</collectionCode>
as
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="81806729137CFFC8488FFD03C13DFCF1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314664318" collectionCode="BMNH, OXUM" collectorName="F. S. Parry" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="EE53D3D6137CFFC8488FFD03C482FD3A" box="[1169,1276,688,711]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
and other males with same data as paralectotypes. Also, the male with “cotype” label in
<collectionCode id="57F9F5B1137CFFC84F88FD61C398FD14" box="[918,998,722,745]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">BMNH</collectionCode>
and one male in
<collectionCode id="57F9F5B1137CFFC848BAFD61C48BFD14" box="[1188,1269,722,745]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">OXUM</collectionCode>
were designated as
<typeStatus id="EE53D3D6137CFFC84CBBFD46C13DFCF1" box="[165,323,757,780]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="31576D74137CFFC84CA2FCA4C40CFBDC" blockId="4.[136,1460,237,1785]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">
Type material examined.
<typeStatus id="EE53D3D6137CFFC84DD3FCA4C246FCD3" box="[461,568,791,814]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="F6E816F7137CFFC84E42FCA4C3B4FCD3" authority="(Saunders)" baseAuthorityName="Saunders" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[604,970,791,814]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="039CB166137CFFC84E42FCA4C330FCD3" box="[604,846,791,814]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Prosopocoilus gracilis</emphasis>
(Saunders)
</taxonomicName>
,
<specimenCount id="27EEA6FD137CFFC84FC8FCA4C394FCD3" box="[982,1002,791,814]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
, in MNHN, labelled:
<typeStatus id="EE53D3D6137CFFC848CAFCA4C541FCD3" box="[1236,1343,791,814]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(red label) / Type sp. (pale label) / Mr. Fortune,
<collectingCountry id="49FF2DE4137CFFC84E04FC89C224FCAC" box="[538,602,826,849]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">China</collectingCountry>
(handwritten) / Ex. Museo Parry.
<typeStatus id="EE53D3D6137CFFC84FD5FC89C415FCAC" box="[971,1131,826,849]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="27EEA6FD137CFFC8486BFC89C4E9FCAC" box="[1141,1175,826,849]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="27EEA6FD137CFFC848BBFC89C4B8FCAC" box="[1189,1222,826,849]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="female">6♀</specimenCount>
, in MNHN, labelled: Mr. Fortune,
<collectingCountry id="49FF2DE4137CFFC84D06FCEEC126FC89" box="[280,344,861,884]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">China</collectingCountry>
(handwritten) / Ex. Museo Parry. [The
<typeStatus id="EE53D3D6137CFFC84F18FCEEC30FFC89" box="[774,881,861,884]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus id="EE53D3D6137CFFC84FB8FCEEC43EFC89" box="[934,1088,861,884]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
were designated by Dr. Stéphane Boucher and Dr. Xia Wan].
<typeStatus id="EE53D3D6137CFFC84DD1FCCCC21EFC6B" box="[463,608,895,918]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="27EEA6FD137CFFC84E72FCCCC2FEFC6B" box="[620,640,895,918]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
, in BMNH, labelled: cotype / 11383 /
<collectingCountry id="49FF2DE4137CFFC8485DFCCCC4FDFC6B" box="[1091,1155,895,918]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">China</collectingCountry>
Bor / Fortune / Fry. coll. 1905-100 /
<taxonomicName id="F6E816F7137CFFC84D0EFC11C1D4FC44" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1862" box="[272,426,930,953]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Hemisodorcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hemisodorcus</taxonomicName>
gricilis Saund. Co-type (handwritten) / BMNH(E) #604729.
<typeStatus id="EE53D3D6137CFFC84875FC11C482FC44" box="[1131,1276,930,953]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="27EEA6FD137CFFC84914FC11C560FC44" box="[1290,1310,930,953]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
, in OXUM, labelled:
<taxonomicName id="F6E816F7137CFFC84CF5FC76C1A7FC21" authorityName="Saunders" authorityYear="1854" box="[235,473,965,988]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Cladognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="039CB166137CFFC84CF5FC76C1A7FC21" box="[235,473,965,988]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Cladognathus gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
n. n. Saund., Trans. Ent. Soc. n. s. r. 3, pl. 3. f. 3, N.
<collectingCountry id="49FF2DE4137CFFC8480DFC76C42DFC21" box="[1043,1107,965,988]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">China</collectingCountry>
(handwritten) / Type, Saunders,
<emphasis id="039CB166137CFFC84C96FC54C142FC03" box="[136,316,999,1022]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Trans. Ent. Soc.</emphasis>
, 1854, p.47, t.3, f.3 (handwritten), coll. Hope Oxford / Type col. 271,
<taxonomicName id="F6E816F7137CFFC84874FC54C5D2FC03" authority="Saund." authorityName="Saunders" authorityYear="1854" box="[1130,1452,999,1022]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Cladognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">Cladognathus gracilis Saund.</taxonomicName>
(handwritten), Hope Dept Oxford. [The two
<typeStatus id="EE53D3D6137CFFC84E7AFBB9C280FBDC" box="[612,766,1034,1057]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
were designated by Dr. Xia Wan].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="31576D74137CFFC84CA1FB9EC373FAE9" blockId="4.[136,1460,237,1785]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">
Additional material examined.
<materialsCitation id="81806729137CFFC84E04FB9EC4A8FBB9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314664340" box="[538,1238,1069,1092]" collectingDate="1923-07-21" country="China" location="Yixing" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-male="6" stateProvince="Jiangsu">
<collectingCountry id="49FF2DE4137CFFC84E04FB9EC222FBB9" box="[538,604,1069,1092]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="F32CA396137CFFC84E72FB9EC2C1FBB9" box="[620,703,1069,1092]" country="China" name="Jiangsu" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Jiangsu</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="34373BAF137CFFC84ED1FB9EC362FBB9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B941DC62137AFFC84C96FE04C56FF904:34373BAF137CFFC84ED1FB9EC362FBB9" box="[719,796,1069,1092]" country="China" name="Yixing" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" stateProvince="Jiangsu">Yixing</location>
,
<date id="45564BB4137CFFC84F35FB9EC3BCFBB9" box="[811,962,1069,1092]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" value="1923-07-21">
<collectingDate id="5512B25C137CFFC84F35FB9EC3BCFBB9" box="[811,962,1069,1092]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" value="1923-07-21">21 July 1923</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="27EEA6FD137CFFC84FCCFB9EC38AFBB9" box="[978,1012,1069,1092]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="male">6♂</specimenCount>
, collector unknown
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="81806729137CFFC848FBFB9EC201FB9B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314664307" collectingDate="1979-07-30" collectorName="Si-Mei Zhang" country="China" location="Sangang" municipality="Chong'an" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Fujian">
<collectingRegion id="F32CA396137CFFC848FBFB9EC552FBB9" box="[1253,1324,1069,1092]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Fujian</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="D133F70E137CFFC84922FB9EC5D6FBB9" box="[1340,1448,1069,1092]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Chong’an</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="34373BAF137CFFC84C96FBFCC099FB9B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B941DC62137AFFC84C96FE04C56FF904:34373BAF137CFFC84C96FBFCC099FB9B" box="[136,231,1103,1126]" country="China" municipality="Chong'an" name="Sangang" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" stateProvince="Fujian">Sangang</location>
,
<date id="45564BB4137CFFC84CECFBFCC101FB9B" box="[242,383,1103,1126]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" value="1979-07-30">
<collectingDate id="5512B25C137CFFC84CECFBFCC101FB9B" box="[242,383,1103,1126]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" value="1979-07-30">30 July 1979</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="27EEA6FD137CFFC84D94FBFCC1D5FB9B" box="[394,427,1103,1126]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectorName id="9C1D08A2137CFFC84DA7FBFCC230FB9B" box="[441,590,1103,1126]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Si-Mei Zhang</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="81806729137CFFC84E95FBFCC4D3FB9B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314664311" box="[651,1197,1103,1126]" collectingDate="1986-07-11" collectorName="Zheng" country="China" location="Chong'an" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<location id="34373BAF137CFFC84E95FBFCC289FB9B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B941DC62137AFFC84C96FE04C56FF904:34373BAF137CFFC84E95FBFCC289FB9B" box="[651,759,1103,1126]" country="China" name="Chong'an" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Chong’an</location>
,
<date id="45564BB4137CFFC84F1FFBFCC3F0FB9B" box="[769,910,1103,1126]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" value="1986-07-11">
<collectingDate id="5512B25C137CFFC84F1FFBFCC3F0FB9B" box="[769,910,1103,1126]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" value="1986-07-11">11 July 1986</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="27EEA6FD137CFFC84F87FBFCC3C5FB9B" box="[921,955,1103,1126]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Zhong-Fu
<collectorName id="9C1D08A2137CFFC84824FBFCC400FB9B" box="[1082,1150,1103,1126]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Zheng</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="81806729137CFFC848ADFBFCC293FB74" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314664308" collectingDate="1994-06-13" collectorName="You-Wei Zheng" country="China" elevation="800" location="Mt. Jinyun" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Chongqing">
<collectingRegion id="F32CA396137CFFC848ADFBFCC552FB9B" box="[1203,1324,1103,1126]" country="China" name="Chongqing" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Chongqing</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="34373BAF137CFFC84926FBFCC5D0FB9B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B941DC62137AFFC84C96FE04C56FF904:34373BAF137CFFC84926FBFCC5D0FB9B" box="[1336,1454,1103,1126]" country="China" name="Mt. Jinyun" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" stateProvince="Chongqing">Mt. Jinyun</location>
,
<specimenCount id="27EEA6FD137CFFC84C96FBC1C0D4FB74" box="[136,170,1138,1161]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="27EEA6FD137CFFC84CA4FBC1C0A5FB74" box="[186,219,1138,1161]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
, alt.
<quantity id="F610C091137CFFC84D08FBC1C126FB74" box="[278,344,1138,1161]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" unit="m" value="800.0">
<elevation id="BAC58A47137CFFC84D08FBC1C126FB74" box="[278,344,1138,1161]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="45564BB4137CFFC84D78FBC1C183FB74" box="[358,509,1138,1161]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" value="1994-06-13">
<collectingDate id="5512B25C137CFFC84D78FBC1C183FB74" box="[358,509,1138,1161]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" value="1994-06-13">13 June 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="9C1D08A2137CFFC84E14FBC1C2C5FB74" box="[522,699,1138,1161]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">You-Wei Zheng</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="81806729137CFFC84EEBFBC1C343FB51" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314664330" collectingDate="1991-05-11" collectingDateMax="1993-07-26" collectingDateMin="1991-05-11" collectionCode="NZMC" country="China" elevation="620" location="Malipo" municipality="Mengla" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-male="9" stateProvince="Yunnan">
<collectingRegion id="F32CA396137CFFC84EEBFBC1C332FB74" box="[757,844,1138,1161]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="D133F70E137CFFC84F44FBC1C3D0FB74" box="[858,942,1138,1161]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Mengla</collectingMunicipality>
, alt.
<quantity id="F610C091137CFFC84FF8FBC1C457FB74" box="[998,1065,1138,1161]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" unit="m" value="620.0">
<elevation id="BAC58A47137CFFC84FF8FBC1C457FB74" box="[998,1065,1138,1161]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" unit="m" value="620.0">620 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="45564BB4137CFFC84829FBC1C4B3FB74" box="[1079,1229,1138,1161]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" value="1991-05-11">
<collectingDate id="5512B25C137CFFC84829FBC1C4B3FB74" box="[1079,1229,1138,1161]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" value="1991-05-11">11 May 1991</collectingDate>
</date>
, collector unknown;
<location id="34373BAF137CFFC84C96FB26C0A6FB51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B941DC62137AFFC84C96FE04C56FF904:34373BAF137CFFC84C96FB26C0A6FB51" box="[136,216,1173,1196]" country="China" municipality="Mengla" name="Malipo" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" stateProvince="Yunnan">Malipo</location>
,
<date id="45564BB4137CFFC84CF9FB26C1DAFB51" box="[231,420,1172,1196]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" value="1993-07-10" valueMax="1993-07-26" valueMin="1993-07-10">
<collectingDate id="5512B25C137CFFC84CF9FB26C1DAFB51" box="[231,420,1172,1196]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" value="1993-07-10" valueMax="1993-07-26" valueMin="1993-07-10">10–26 July 1993</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="27EEA6FD137CFFC84DADFB26C1AAFB51" box="[435,468,1173,1196]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="male">9♂</specimenCount>
, collector unknown (in
<collectionCode id="57F9F5B1137CFFC84EFAFB26C348FB51" box="[740,822,1173,1196]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">NZMC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="81806729137CFFC84F55FB26C12EFB32" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314664322" collectingDate="2010-07-23" collectorName="Fang Zhong &amp; Xiao-Yan Hu" country="China" location="Mt. Wuyi" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Fujian">
<collectingRegion id="F32CA396137CFFC84F55FB26C3ECFB51" box="[843,914,1173,1196]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Fujian</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="34373BAF137CFFC84FBFFB26C471FB51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B941DC62137AFFC84C96FE04C56FF904:34373BAF137CFFC84FBFFB26C471FB51" box="[929,1039,1173,1196]" country="China" name="Mt. Wuyi" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" stateProvince="Fujian">Mt. Wuyi</location>
,
<specimenCount id="27EEA6FD137CFFC84800FB26C441FB51" box="[1054,1087,1173,1196]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
,
<date id="45564BB4137CFFC8484FFB26C49BFB51" box="[1105,1253,1173,1196]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" value="2010-07-23">
<collectingDate id="5512B25C137CFFC8484FFB26C49BFB51" box="[1105,1253,1173,1196]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" value="2010-07-23">23 July 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="9C1D08A2137CFFC848EAFB26C504FB51" box="[1268,1402,1173,1196]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Fang Zhong</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="9C1D08A2137CFFC84C96FB0BC162FB32" box="[136,284,1208,1231]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Xiao-Yan Hu</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="81806729137CFFC84D40FB0BC3F0FB32" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314664320" box="[350,910,1208,1231]" collectingDate="2012-07-30" collectorName="Yu-Yan Cao" country="China" location="Mt. Wuyi" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Fujian">
same locality,
<specimenCount id="27EEA6FD137CFFC84DE1FB0BC25FFB32" box="[511,545,1208,1231]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
,
<date id="45564BB4137CFFC84E2FFB0BC2BAFB32" box="[561,708,1208,1231]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" value="2012-07-30">
<collectingDate id="5512B25C137CFFC84E2FFB0BC2BAFB32" box="[561,708,1208,1231]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" value="2012-07-30">30 July 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="9C1D08A2137CFFC84ECCFB0BC323FB32" box="[722,861,1208,1231]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Yu-Yan Cao</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="81806729137CFFC84F86FB0BC278FB0C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314664324" collectingDate="2011-07-20" collectorName="Fang Zhong &amp; Sheng-Cheng Yang" country="China" location="Wuming" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="8" stateProvince="Guangxi">
<collectingRegion id="F32CA396137CFFC84F86FB0BC388FB32" box="[920,1014,1208,1231]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="34373BAF137CFFC8481AFB0BC41AFB32" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B941DC62137AFFC84C96FE04C56FF904:34373BAF137CFFC8481AFB0BC41AFB32" box="[1028,1124,1208,1231]" country="China" name="Wuming" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" stateProvince="Guangxi">Wuming</location>
,
<date id="45564BB4137CFFC8486CFB0BC57AFB32" box="[1138,1284,1208,1231]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" value="2011-07-20">
<collectingDate id="5512B25C137CFFC8486CFB0BC57AFB32" box="[1138,1284,1208,1231]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" value="2011-07-20">20 July 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="27EEA6FD137CFFC8490CFB0BC54AFB32" box="[1298,1332,1208,1231]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="male">8♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="27EEA6FD137CFFC8495AFB0BC51BFB32" box="[1348,1381,1208,1231]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectorName id="9C1D08A2137CFFC84968FB0BC0B0FB0C" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Fang Zhong</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="9C1D08A2137CFFC84D1DFB69C1ABFB0C" box="[259,469,1242,1265]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Sheng-Cheng Yang</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="81806729137CFFC84E0CFB69C454FB0C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314664338" box="[530,1066,1242,1265]" collectingDate="2011-07-22" collectorName="Xiao-Yan Hu" country="China" location="Mt. Daming" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-male="6">
<location id="34373BAF137CFFC84E0CFB69C2E6FB0C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B941DC62137AFFC84C96FE04C56FF904:34373BAF137CFFC84E0CFB69C2E6FB0C" box="[530,664,1242,1265]" country="China" name="Mt. Daming" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Mt. Daming</location>
,
<date id="45564BB4137CFFC84EBCFB69C34EFB0C" box="[674,816,1242,1265]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" value="2011-07-22">
<collectingDate id="5512B25C137CFFC84EBCFB69C34EFB0C" box="[674,816,1242,1265]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" value="2011-07-22">22 July 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="27EEA6FD137CFFC84F25FB69C323FB0C" box="[827,861,1242,1265]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="male">6♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectorName id="9C1D08A2137CFFC84F74FB69C382FB0C" box="[874,1020,1242,1265]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Xiao-Yan Hu</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="81806729137CFFC8482FFB69C2FFFAE9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314664315" collectingDate="2011-07-26" collectorName="Fang Zhong &amp; Sheng-Cheng Yang" country="China" location="Mt. Leigong" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Guizhou">
<collectingRegion id="F32CA396137CFFC8482FFB69C4F1FB0C" box="[1073,1167,1242,1265]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="34373BAF137CFFC84884FB69C55DFB0C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B941DC62137AFFC84C96FE04C56FF904:34373BAF137CFFC84884FB69C55DFB0C" box="[1178,1315,1242,1265]" country="China" name="Mt. Leigong" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" stateProvince="Guizhou">Mt. Leigong</location>
,
<specimenCount id="27EEA6FD137CFFC84930FB69C531FB0C" box="[1326,1359,1242,1265]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
,
<date id="45564BB4137CFFC84943FB69C0BEFAE9" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" value="2011-07-26">
<collectingDate id="5512B25C137CFFC84943FB69C0BEFAE9" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" value="2011-07-26">26 July 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="9C1D08A2137CFFC84CD5FB4EC133FAE9" box="[203,333,1277,1300]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Fang Zhong</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="9C1D08A2137CFFC84D9EFB4EC22CFAE9" box="[384,594,1277,1300]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Sheng-Cheng Yang</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
(in MAHU).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="79F23EFF137CFFC84CA1FA93C40CFACA" box="[191,1138,1312,1335]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="31576D74137CFFC84CA1FA93C40CFACA" blockId="4.[136,1460,237,1785]" box="[191,1138,1312,1335]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">
Distribution.
<collectingCountry id="49FF2DE4137CFFC84D53FA93C1F3FACA" box="[333,397,1312,1335]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="F32CA396137CFFC84D85FA93C191FACA" box="[411,495,1312,1335]" country="China" name="Jiangsu" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Jiangsu</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="F32CA396137CFFC84DE7FA93C23EFACA" box="[505,576,1312,1335]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Fujian</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="F32CA396137CFFC84E55FA93C2D3FACA" box="[587,685,1312,1335]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="F32CA396137CFFC84EA9FA93C34EFACA" box="[695,816,1312,1335]" country="China" name="Chongqing" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Chongqing</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="F32CA396137CFFC84F25FA93C3E4FACA" box="[827,922,1312,1335]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="F32CA396137CFFC84FBAFA93C47DFACA" box="[932,1027,1312,1335]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="F32CA396137CFFC84813FA93C418FACA" box="[1037,1126,1312,1335]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="79F23EFF137CFFC84CA1FAF1C56FF904" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="31576D74137CFFC84CA1FAF1C464F9FA" blockId="4.[136,1460,237,1785]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">
Remarks. Specimens of
<taxonomicName id="F6E816F7137CFFC84DDDFAF1C2D2FAA4" authority="(Saunders)" baseAuthorityName="Saunders" box="[451,684,1346,1369]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Cladognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="039CB166137CFFC84DDDFAF1C24CFAA4" box="[451,562,1346,1369]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">P. gracilis</emphasis>
(Saunders)
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="F32CA396137CFFC84EF0FAF1C33DFAA4" box="[750,835,1346,1369]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
are little different in body color and aedeagus. They look more reddish (
<figureCitation id="A9D371F1137CFFC84D36FAD6C107FA81" box="[296,377,1381,1404]" captionStart="Figs 5–17" captionStartId="3.[136,177,1927,1948]" captionTargetBox="[281,1307,255,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-72@3.[166,1413,248,1882]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 5–17. Prosopocoilus gracilis. 5–12, 14–17. ♂ 13. ♀ 5–7. Specimens from Fujian, Mt. Wuyi. 8. Specimens from Zhejiang, Mt. Tianmu. 9–13. Specimens from Guangxi, Wuming. 14–16. Specimens from Guangxi, Mt. Daming. 17. Specimens from Yunnan, Malipo. 5–6, 8–10, 15–17. Large. 7, 11–12. Medium-sized. 14. Small. 16. With one tooth. Scale bars = 10mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4616851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4616851/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
). Their aedeagi more slender in BP, the ventrally triangular teeth of PA very small (
<figureCitation id="A9D371F1137CFFC8493EFAD6C5E1FA81" box="[1312,1439,1380,1404]" captionStart="Figs 43–60" captionStartId="10.[136,177,1696,1717]" captionTargetBox="[147,1440,258,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-145@10.[136,1451,251,1652]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs 43–60. Aedeagus in ventral view, dorsal view and lateral view. 43–48. Prosopocoilus gracilis (Saunders). 43–45. Specimen from Fujian. 46–48. Specimen from Yunnan. 49–51. Prosopocoilus similis. 52–54. Prosopocoilus piceipennis. 55–57. Prosopocoilus crenulidens. 58–60. Prosopocoilus denticulatus. Scale bars = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4616857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4616857/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">Figs 46–48</figureCitation>
). However, it is difficult to determine that the ten specimens should belong to a new taxon considering that geographic variations could be more or less different in morphology in
<taxonomicName id="F6E816F7137CFFC84F08FA19C3FBFA3C" box="[790,901,1450,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lucanidae</taxonomicName>
unless many specimens can be found and studied. Possibly, these differences reflect that the species is undergoing highly sophisticated pressures from sexual selection, habitat fragmentation and niche competition among different geographic populations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="31576D74137CFFC84CA0F9A1C56FF904" blockId="4.[136,1460,237,1785]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">
In addition, it must be pointed out that the name “
<taxonomicName id="F6E816F7137CFFC84EC1F9A1C332F9D4" box="[735,844,1554,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Cladognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="039CB166137CFFC84EC1F9A1C332F9D4" box="[735,844,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">P. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” was firstly used by Kriesche in 1921 to name a small male from Sumatra.
<bibRefCitation id="55791085137CFFC84D7DF986C22BF9B1" author="Didier &amp; Seguy &amp; Catalogue illustre des &amp; Lucanides du Globe" box="[355,597,1589,1612]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" pagination="112" refId="ref8394" refString="Didier, R. and Seguy, E. 1952. Catalogue illustre des Lucanides du Globe. Atlas. Encyclopedie Entomologique, 28 (A): 112 pl." type="journal article" year="1952">Didier &amp; Séguy (1952</bibRefCitation>
: pl. LXXX) illustrated
<taxonomicName id="F6E816F7137CFFC84F53F986C460F9B1" authority="Kriesche" authorityName="Kriesche" box="[845,1054,1589,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Cladognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="039CB166137CFFC84F53F986C3C6F9B1" box="[845,952,1589,1612]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">P. gracilis</emphasis>
Kriesche
</taxonomicName>
with
<specimenCount id="27EEA6FD137CFFC84845F986C4D3F9B1" box="[1115,1197,1589,1612]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="male">7 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="27EEA6FD137CFFC848FFF986C53FF9B1" box="[1249,1345,1589,1612]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
. However, the males looked highly similar to
<taxonomicName id="F6E816F7137CFFC84DE5F9EBC2F1F992" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[507,655,1624,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piceipennis">
<emphasis id="039CB166137CFFC84DE5F9EBC2F1F992" box="[507,655,1624,1647]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">P. piceipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F6E816F7137CFFC84EDDF9EBC3D2F992" authority="(Saunders)" baseAuthorityName="Saunders" box="[707,940,1624,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Cladognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="039CB166137CFFC84EDDF9EBC350F992" box="[707,814,1624,1647]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">P. gracilis</emphasis>
(Saunders)
</taxonomicName>
. At least, smaller males were not corresponding with Kriesche’s description. Perhaps,
<bibRefCitation id="55791085137CFFC84E02F9C9C36AF96C" author="Didier &amp; Seguy &amp; Catalogue illustre des &amp; Lucanides du Globe" box="[540,788,1658,1681]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" pagination="112" refId="ref8394" refString="Didier, R. and Seguy, E. 1952. Catalogue illustre des Lucanides du Globe. Atlas. Encyclopedie Entomologique, 28 (A): 112 pl." type="journal article" year="1952">Didier &amp; Séguy (1952)</bibRefCitation>
wrongly diagnosed the species of
<taxonomicName id="F6E816F7137CFFC84898F9C9C526F96C" authority="Kriesche" authorityName="Kriesche" box="[1158,1368,1658,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Cladognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="039CB166137CFFC84898F9C9C48CF96C" box="[1158,1266,1658,1681]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">P. gracilis</emphasis>
Kriesche
</taxonomicName>
in their illustration.
<bibRefCitation id="55791085137CFFC84D14F92EC1D6F949" author="Benesh" box="[266,424,1693,1716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" refId="ref8226" refString="Benesh, B. 1960. Lucanidea. In: Hincks, W. D. (ed.), Coleopterorum Catalogus Supplementa. Pars 8. W. Junk. Gravenhage, Netherlands. 178 pp." type="book" year="1960">Benesh (1960)</bibRefCitation>
also gave the wrong quotation and recognition of their illustration.
<bibRefCitation id="55791085137CFFC8489FF92EC559F949" author="Bomans" box="[1153,1319,1693,1716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" pagination="141 - 171" refId="ref8298" refString="Bomans, H. E. 1978. Contribution a l'etude des Coleopteres Lucanides. Notes diverses sur le genre Prosopocoelus et descriptions d'especes nouvelles du Sud-Est asiatique. Bull. Ann. Soc. R. Ent. Belg., 114: 141 - 171." type="journal article" year="1978">Bomans (1978)</bibRefCitation>
proposed
<taxonomicName id="F6E816F7137CFFC84986F92EC1FDF92B" authority="Kriesche, 1921" authorityName="Kriesche" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Cladognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="039CB166137CFFC84986F92EC0A4F92B" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">P. gracilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="55791085137CFFC84CFFF90CC1FDF92B" author="Kriesche &amp; Zur Kenntnis der Lucaniden" box="[225,387,1727,1750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" pagination="92 - 107" refId="ref8599" refString="Kriesche, R. 1921. Zur Kenntnis der Lucaniden. Arch. Naturgesch., (A) 86 (8) [1920]: 92 - 107." type="journal article" year="1921">Kriesche, 1921</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="F6E816F7137CFFC84E96F90CC3F2F92B" authority="(Parry, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Parry" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[648,908,1727,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavidus">
<emphasis id="039CB166137CFFC84E96F90CC289F92B" box="[648,759,1727,1750]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">P. flavidus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="55791085137CFFC84F18F90CC3FBF92B" author="Parry" box="[774,901,1727,1750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" pagination="107 - 113" refId="ref8749" refString="Parry, F. J. S. 1862. Further descriptions and characters of undescribed Lucanoid Coleoptera. Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., 3 [1861]: 107 - 113." type="journal article" year="1862">Parry, 1862</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
based on type examination. Our studies supported Bomans’ opinion. In this paper, all the species name “
<taxonomicName id="F6E816F7137CFFC84ED8F951C3D3F904" authority="(Saunders)" baseAuthorityName="Saunders" box="[710,941,1762,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Cladognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="039CB166137CFFC84ED8F951C34FF904" box="[710,817,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">P. gracilis</emphasis>
(Saunders)
</taxonomicName>
” was wrote simply as
<emphasis id="039CB166137CFFC84880F951C56FF904" box="[1182,1297,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="140">
<taxonomicName id="F6E816F7137CFFC84880F951C573F904" box="[1182,1293,1762,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Cladognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">P. gracilis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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