treatments-xml/data/1E/30/E2/1E30E2753463FFD2E16224F970578408.xml

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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6887260" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a016af63-6437-427b-80b7-22bc9a002e20" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-04-6" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6887260" approvalRequired="5" approvalRequired_for_matCits="1" approvalRequired_for_treatments="4" checkinTime="1656696812616" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier &amp; Thomas E. Lacher, Jr" docDate="2017" docId="1E30E2753463FFD2E16224F970578408" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_7_Muridae_0536.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 7 Rodents II, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Apomys musculus G. S. Miller 1910" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="669" masterDocId="E2099A0D3426FF97E1372C0977498313" masterDocTitle="Muridae" masterLastPageNumber="884" masterPageNumber="536" pageNumber="669" updateTime="1658538965639" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Muridae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued>2017</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2017-11-30</mods:dateOther>
<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
<mods:place>
<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:start>536</mods:start>
<mods:end>884</mods:end>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6868316" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197826515" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6868316" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E30E2753463FFD2E16224F970578408" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E30E2753463FFD2E16224F970578408" lastPageNumber="669" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">
<heading pageId="69" pageNumber="669">
<subSubSection box="[85,167,2288,2334]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669" type="multiple">
<paragraph blockId="69.[84,1202,2288,2412]" box="[85,167,2288,2334]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">
<figureCitation box="[85,167,2288,2334]" captionStart="Plate 39: Muridae" captionStartId="61.[92,122,3192,3213]" captionTargetBox="[11,2715,13,3648]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="182. Indomalayan Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (Charopodomys gliroudes), 183. Palawan Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (Charopodomys calamianensis), 184. Koopman' s Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (Charopodomys karlkoopmani), 185. Greater Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (Chiropodomys major), 186. Gray-bellied Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (Charopodomys muroides), 187. Lesser Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (Chuwropodomys pusillus), 188. Luzon Cordillera Forest Mouse (Apomys abrae), 189. Aurora Forest Mouse (Apomys aurorae), 190. Banahaw Forest Mouse (Apomys banahao), 191. Brown's Forest Mouse (Apomys brownorum), 192. Camiguin Forest Mouse (Apomys camiguinensis), 193. Northern Luzon Forest Mouse (Apomys datae), 194. Large Mindoro Forest Mouse (Apomys gracilirostris), 195. Mindanao Mossy Forest Mouse (Apomys hylocoetes), 196. Mindanao Montane Forest Mouse (Apomys insignis), 197. Mount Irid Forest Mouse (Apomys iridensis), 198. Mindanao Lowland Forest Mouse (Apomys lttoralis), 199. Lubang Forest Mouse (Apomys lubangensis), 200. Large Forest Mouse (Apomys magnus), 201. Small Luzon Forest Mouse (Apomys microdon), 202. Mount Mingan Forest Mouse (Apomys minganensis), 203. Least Philippine Forest Mouse (Apomys musculus), 204. Long-nosed Luzon Forest Mouse (Apomys sacobianus), 205. Sierra Madre Forest Mouse (Apomys sierrae), 206. Zambales Forest Mouse (Apomys zambalensis), 207. Isarog Shrew Mouse (Archboldomys luzonensis), 208. Large Cordillera Shrew Mouse (Archboldomys maximus), 209. Isarog Striped Shrew Rat (Chrotomys gonzalesi), 210. Lowland Striped Shrew Rat (Chrotomys mindorensis), 211. Sibuyan Striped Shrew Rat (Chrotomys sibuyanensis), 212. Blazed Luzon Striped Shrew Rat (Chrotomys silaceus), 213. Montane Striped Shrew Rat (Chrotomys whiteheadi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6887420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6887420/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">203.</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[184,815,2288,2334]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph blockId="69.[84,1202,2288,2412]" box="[184,815,2288,2334]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">
<vernacularName box="[184,815,2288,2334]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">Least Philippine Forest Mouse</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[887,1202,2288,2334]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="69.[84,1202,2288,2412]" box="[887,1202,2288,2334]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1910" box="[887,1202,2288,2334]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="69" pageNumber="669" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musculus">
<emphasis box="[887,1202,2288,2334]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">Apomys musculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="669" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph blockId="69.[84,1202,2288,2412]" box="[84,1195,2352,2373]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[84,160,2352,2373]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName box="[170,300,2352,2373]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">Petit Apomys</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis bold="true" box="[321,411,2352,2373]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName box="[421,702,2352,2373]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">Zwerg-Philippinenwaldmaus</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis bold="true" box="[723,814,2352,2373]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName box="[824,1195,2352,2373]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">Raton de bosque minimo de Filipinas</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="69.[84,1202,2288,2412]" box="[84,801,2391,2412]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[84,331,2391,2412]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">Other common names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName box="[341,541,2391,2412]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">Least Forest Mouse</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName box="[556,801,2391,2412]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">Least Philippine Apomys</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</heading>
<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="669" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="69.[695,1290,2460,2884]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[695,851,2460,2489]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="G. S. Miller, 1910" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1910" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="69" pageNumber="669" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musculus">Apomys musculus G. S. Miller, 1910</taxonomicName>
,
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864424701" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">“Camp John Hay, Baguio, Benguet, Luzon (altitude 5000 ft [= 1524 m]),” Philippines.</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="669" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="69.[695,1290,2460,2884]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1910" box="[696,921,2618,2647]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="69" pageNumber="669" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musculus">Apomys musculus</taxonomicName>
is a member ofsubgenus
<taxonomicName box="[696,792,2653,2687]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="69" pageNumber="669" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Apomys</taxonomicName>
and is most closely related to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="69" pageNumber="669" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microdon">A. microdon</taxonomicName>
. It is locally sympatric with latter on Luzon, but often replaces it at higher elevations;it is presumably sympatric with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruedas" authorityYear="1995" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="69" pageNumber="669" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilirostris">A. gracilirostris</taxonomicName>
on Mindoro and with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mearns" authorityYear="1905" box="[1111,1245,2815,2844]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="69" pageNumber="669" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insignis">A. insignis</taxonomicName>
on Dinagat. G. G. Musser and M. D. Carleton
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="69.[86,1289,2894,3475]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">
in 2005 gave range of
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1910" box="[408,567,2894,2923]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="69" pageNumber="669" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musculus">A. musculus</taxonomicName>
as Luzon, Dinagat, and Mindoro, but commented (citing unpublished work by LL. R. Heaney as a source) that what is now referred to as
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1910" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="69" pageNumber="669" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musculus">A. musculus</taxonomicName>
may in fact represent three species: typical
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1910" box="[800,916,2977,3002]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="69" pageNumber="669" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musculus">musculus</taxonomicName>
in northern Luzon, a separate species in southern Luzon, and a furtherspecies on Mindoro. Heaney and others in 2016 gave distribution of
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1910" box="[472,628,3047,3081]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="69" pageNumber="669" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musculus">A. musculus</taxonomicName>
as “only on Luzon, where they are widespread.” Currently regarded as monotypic but in need offurther assessment.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[86,908,3126,3160]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669" type="distribution">
<caption box="[86,908,3126,3160]" inLine="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="669" targetBox="[1818,1822,1794,1819]" targetPageId="69">
<paragraph blockId="69.[86,1289,2894,3475]" box="[86,908,3126,3160]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[86,261,3126,3160]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">Distribution.</emphasis>
Luzon, Mindoro, and DinagatIs, Philippines.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="669" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="69.[86,1289,2894,3475]" lastBlockId="69.[1354,2562,287,1819]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[86,335,3165,3199]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body 76-124 mm, tail 97-121 mm, ear 14-17 mm, hindfoot 20-25 mm; weight 16-24 g. Species of
<taxonomicName box="[641,738,3205,3239]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="69" pageNumber="669" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Apomys</taxonomicName>
are soft-furred, small to medium-sized murines with relatively unspecialized body form; distinguished from other Philippine murines by a distinctive suite of features, including long, narrow hindfeet with sharp, recurved claws on all digits, thinly furred tail with weakly overlapping scales and three hairs per tail scale, unreduced eyes, relatively large and thinly furred ears,vibrissae on snout very elongate and,folded back, reach to shoulder or beyond, reduction to two mammae on each side, both inguinal, and a simplified molar pattern with cusps united into transverse laminae. Members of subgenus
<taxonomicName box="[2056,2153,287,321]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="69" pageNumber="669" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Apomys</taxonomicName>
are small, long-tailed species active primarily in canopy. The Least Philippine Forest Mouse is smallest member of both subgenus and genus. Fur on its upperparts, flanks, and outer surfaces of limbs is overall bright tawny brown,lightly flecked with black on back and with brighterorange tints on flanks and cheeks, while that on underparts and inside oflimbs is rich ocherous buff or buffy gray, often with white patches on midline of chest and abdomen; abrupt border between upperside and underside. Dark hues of foreand hindlimbs extend to ankle and wrist, giving way to buffy white on foreand hindfeet, and white hairs on digits; hindfeet elongate and narrow, with six plantar pads. Tail is equal to or slightly longer than head-body length, brown above to tip and white or mottled with pale brown below, with small but conspicuous scales and short hairs. Cranium has globular braincase and relatively short, narrow rostrum. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 42, FN = 52; autosomes include one pair of medium-sized and two pairs of small metacentric, one pair of large submetacentric, one pair oflarge subtelocentric, and 16 pairs oftelocentric chromosomes graded from large to small. Sex chromosomes not obvious, hence X and Y chromosomes presumably both telocentric.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="669" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="69.[1354,2562,287,1819]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1355,1466,917,951]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">Habitat.</emphasis>
Typically found in evergreen tropical forests, including both montane and mossy communities. Least Philippine Forest Mice occur also in secondary forest, and sometimes in shrubby and grassy habitats. Elevational range on Luzon is 300-2370 m, but most records are from above 1460 m; on Mindoro recorded at ¢.1370 m. Record from Dinagat is from 750 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph blockId="69.[1354,2562,287,1819]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">
<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="669" type="food_feeding">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1356,1620,1123,1148]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
Reported as “omnivorous, feeding on seeds, insects and other invertebrates, and earthworms.”
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="669" type="breeding">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1356,1490,1197,1226]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">Breeding.</emphasis>
In sample of females from Mount Isarog (S Luzon), estimated litter size from counts of embryos and uterine scars was 1-3 (average 2). Males in this population had small testes, measuring up to 5 mm x 11 mm.
</subSubSection>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="669" type="activity">
<paragraph blockId="69.[1354,2562,287,1819]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1355,1591,1315,1344]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
Least Philippine Forest Mice are generally nocturnal, though occasionally active during day in rainy season. They spend most time in forest canopy, but sometimes descend to ground or close toit.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="669" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="69.[1354,2562,287,1819]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1356,2077,1433,1462]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
On Mount Isarog in 1993-1994, Least Philippine Forest Mice occurred at density of 8-8 ind/ha, the highest density for any small terrestrial mammal at the site. Average distance moved between captures was 42 m, maximum distances varying from 150 m to 226 m. Home-range size was estimated at 0-22 ha (range 0-01-0-56 ha).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[1357,2406,1630,1659]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669" type="conservation">
<paragraph blockId="69.[1354,2562,287,1819]" box="[1357,2406,1630,1659]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1357,1705,1630,1659]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN RedList.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="669" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph blockId="69.[1354,2562,287,1819]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1357,1510,1679,1700]" pageId="69" pageNumber="669">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Balete &amp; Heaney (1997), Danielsen et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Heaney (2016d), Heaney, Balete, Dolar et al. (1998), Heaney, Balete, Gee et al. (2005), Heaney, Balete &amp; Rickart (2016), Heaney, Tabaranza, Rickart et al. (2006), Hollister (1913), Justiniano et al. (2015), Miller (1910), Musser (1982a), Musser &amp; Carleton (1993, 2005), Rickart et al. (1991).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>