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136 lines
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.961.54846" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a5c61646-70dc-471b-9bd8-0b407e1cedc4" ID-PMC="PMC7449986" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-961-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="634A9CDA65075FEE8D7C196F5E37F6FC" ID-PubMed="32904058" ID-ZooBank="C5E8BED7F08549A999C60C3AA8492D09" ModsDocID="1313-2970-961-1" checkinTime="1597940209253" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Breedy, Odalisca & Guzman, Hector M." docDate="2020" docId="ACCA435D0E3E5971AC951C697C739469" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 961: 1-30" docOrigin="ZooKeys 961" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.961.54846" docTitle="Psammogorgia Verrill 1868" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="634A9CDA65075FEE8D7C196F5E37F6FC" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="634A9CDA65075FEE8D7C196F5E37F6FC" masterDocTitle="A revision of the genus Psammogorgia Verrill, 1868 (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Octocorallia) in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169285062" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the genus Psammogorgia Verrill, 1868 (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Octocorallia) in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Breedy, Odalisca</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Centro de Investigacion en Estructuras Microscopicas, Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica. P. O. Box 11501 - 2060, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica & Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P. O. Box 0843 - 03092, Panama, Republic of Panama</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">odaliscab@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Guzman, Hector M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P. O. Box 0843 - 03092, Panama, Republic of Panama</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>961</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>30</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.961.54846</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.961.54846</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-961-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C5E8BED7F08549A999C60C3AA8492D09</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">634A9CDA65075FEE8D7C196F5E37F6FC</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="167284432" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ACCA435D0E3E5971AC951C697C739469" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ACCA435D0E3E5971AC951C697C739469" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="ACCA435D-0E3E-5971-AC95-1C697C739469" authority="Verrill, 1868" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1868" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Psammogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psammogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Psammogorgia Verrill, 1868</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1868" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Psammogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psammogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Psammogorgia</taxonomicName>
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Verrill, 1868a: 414;
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<bibRefCitation author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, (Second Edition)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="377 - 558" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13465394" refId="B41" refString="Verrill, AE, 1868b. Notes on Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, with descriptions of new genera and species. No. 6. Review of the corals and polyps of the West Coast of America. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, (Second Edition) 1 (2): 377 - 558, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13465394" title="Notes on Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, with descriptions of new genera and species. No. 6. Review of the corals and polyps of the West Coast of America." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13465394" volume="1" year="1868 b">Verrill 1868b</bibRefCitation>
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: 414;
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<bibRefCitation author="Studer, T" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B33" refString="Studer, T, 1887. Versuch eines Systemes der Alcyonaria. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 53 (1): 1 - 74" title="Versuch eines Systemes der Alcyonaria." volume="53" year="1887">Studer 1887</bibRefCitation>
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: 60;
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<bibRefCitation author="Wright, EP" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B44" refString="Wright, EP, 1889. Zoology Part LXIV: Report on the Alcyonaria bound in volume 31, 1889." title="Zoology Part LXIV: Report on the Alcyonaria bound in volume 31, 1889." year="1889">Wright 1889</bibRefCitation>
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: lix;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="681 - 727" refId="B27" refString="Nutting, CC, 1909. Alcyonaria of the California coast. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 35: 681 - 727, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" title="Alcyonaria of the California coast." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" volume="35" year="1909">Nutting 1909</bibRefCitation>
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: 719;
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<bibRefCitation author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12044392" refId="B28" refString="Nutting, CC, 1910. The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition. IV. The Plexauridae. Siboga Expedition Monograph 13b1: 1-20. [+ 4 pls] https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12044392" title="The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition. IV. The Plexauridae. Siboga Expedition Monograph 13 b 1: 1 - 20. [+ 4 pls]" url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12044392" year="1910">Nutting 1910</bibRefCitation>
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: 16;
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<bibRefCitation author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B22" refString="Kuekenthal, W, 1919. Gorgonaria. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutsche Tiefsee-Expeditionen "Valdivia" 1898-99, 13(2): 1-946." title="Gorgonaria. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutsche Tiefsee-Expeditionen " Valdivia " 1898 - 99, 13 (2): 1 - 946." year="1919">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
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1919
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 234-236, 905;
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<bibRefCitation author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Walter de Gruyter and Company, Berlin, und Leipzig" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B23" refString="Kuekenthal, W, 1924. Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich, Vol. 47. Walter de Gruyter and Company, Berlin, und Leipzig" title="Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich, Vol. 47." year="1924">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
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1924
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 106;
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<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Washington Academy of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B2" refString="Bayer, FM, 1956. Octocorallia, Part F. Coelenterata. In: Moore RC (Ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence-Kansas, F166-F231." title="Octocorallia, Part F. Coelenterata. In: Moore RC (Ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence-Kansas, F 166 - F 231." year="1956">Bayer 1956</bibRefCitation>
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: F212;
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<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Series, Serie A (Zoologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="41 - 56" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/891" refId="B3" refString="Bayer, FM, 1958. Les Octocoralliaires plexaurides des cotes occidentals d'Amerique. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Series, Serie A (Zoologie) 16 (2): 41 - 56, https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/891" title="Les Octocoralliaires plexaurides des cotes occidentals d'Amerique." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/891" volume="16" year="1958">Bayer 1958</bibRefCitation>
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: 43;
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<bibRefCitation author="Harden, DG" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B20" refString="Harden, DG, 1979. Intuitive and Numerical Classification of East Pacific Gorgonacea (Octocorallia). PhD thesis, Illinois, Illinois State University." title="Intuitive and Numerical Classification of East Pacific Gorgonacea (Octocorallia). PhD thesis, Illinois, Illinois State University." year="1979">Harden 1979</bibRefCitation>
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: 114;
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<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="902 - 947" refId="B5" refString="Bayer, FM, 1981. Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) with diagnoses of new taxa. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94 (3): 902 - 947" title="Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) with diagnoses of new taxa." volume="94" year="1981">Bayer 1981</bibRefCitation>
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: 925;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315413001835" author="Breedy, O" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="493 - 498" refId="B10" refString="Breedy, O, Guzman, HM, 2014. A new species of alcyonacean octocoral from the Peruvian Zoogeographic Region. Journal of the Marine Biological Association 94 (3): 493 - 498, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315413001835" title="A new species of alcyonacean octocoral from the Peruvian Zoogeographic Region." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315413001835" volume="94" year="2014">Breedy and Guzman 2014</bibRefCitation>
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: 494;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2019.0072" author="Breedy, O" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="169 - 179" refId="B13" refString="Breedy, O, Guzman, HM, Murillo, C, Vargas, S, 2020. A new species of the genus Psammogorgia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Hannibal Bank in Pacific Panama. Bulletin of Marine Science 96 (1): 169 - 179, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2019.0072" title="A new species of the genus Psammogorgia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Hannibal Bank in Pacific Panama." url="https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2019.0072" volume="96" year="2020">Breedy et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
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: 171-172.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1866" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Echinogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinogorgia arbuscula" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Echinogorgia arbuscula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Verrill, 1866 by subsequent designation (
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<bibRefCitation author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, (Second Edition)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="377 - 558" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13465394" refId="B41" refString="Verrill, AE, 1868b. Notes on Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, with descriptions of new genera and species. No. 6. Review of the corals and polyps of the West Coast of America. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, (Second Edition) 1 (2): 377 - 558, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13465394" title="Notes on Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, with descriptions of new genera and species. No. 6. Review of the corals and polyps of the West Coast of America." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13465394" volume="1" year="1868 b">Verrill 1868b</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colonies bushy to flabellate. Branching lateral, dichotomous, irregularly dichotomous, or subpinnate. Branches round or slightly flattened. Axis horny, chambered central core filled with organic non-mineralised fibres. Calyces on all sides of branches, flat, slightly raised or prominent. Polyp apertures slit-like or swollen. Anthocodial sclerites mostly large, elongated, warty, spinose or slender spindles, with or without median waist, in collaret and points arrangements at base of tentacles. Sclerites of coenenchyme thick, warty spindles; radiates, and crosses. Clubs warty or foliate-like with variation of those types mostly present at calyx rims and external coenenchyme. Colony colours dark red, red, orange, pink and white. Sclerites colours red, pink, orange, yellow, various hues of these, and/or colourless.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The genus has been reported from the eastern Pacific, Californian province, the Indian Ocean and the north Atlantic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Axes analysis of the species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1868" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Psammogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psammogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Psammogorgia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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show chambered central cores filled with organic non-mineralised fibres (e.g., Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Psammogorgia arbuscula (Verrill, 1866) STRI 269 A central core chambers filled with organic non-mineralised fibres B detail of organic non-mineralised fibres." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.961.54846.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/442674" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.961.54846.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/442674" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1866" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Psammogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psammogorgia arbuscula" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Psammogorgia arbuscula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Verrill, 1866) STRI 269
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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central core chambers filled with organic non-mineralised fibres
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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detail of organic non-mineralised fibres.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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