<documentid="CC141E52A03F858D7AEA0DEB7D715C09"ID-CLB-Dataset="27944"ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4522.1.1"ID-GBIF-Dataset="58e0c7c5-75ec-4b1b-beb0-d01527f710f9"ID-ISSN="1175-5326"ID-Zenodo-Dep="2610198"ID-ZooBank="C24EFA8A-A5A0-4B06-A0A9-632F542B9529"IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe"IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia"checkinTime="1553624515817"checkinUser="plazi"docAuthor="Jo, Yeong-Seok, Baccus, John T. & Koprowski, John L."docDate="2018"docId="03A0BE3B645AFFEEFF4FFF0EFA9D55A6"docLanguage="en"docName="zootaxa.4522.1.1.pdf.imd"docOrigin="Zootaxa 4522 (1)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph"docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3"docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph"docStyleVersion="14"docTitle="Panthera pardus"docType="treatment"docVersion="18"lastPageNumber="82"masterDocId="FF99C643640AFFBFFFD8FF96FFC1576A"masterDocTitle="Mammals of Korea: a review of their taxonomy, distribution and conservation status"masterLastPageNumber="216"masterPageNumber="1"pageNumber="81"updateTime="1722453184304"updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<bibRefCitationid="EF9872DC645AFFEFFEA9FF0EFDEE57D8"author="Linnaeus"box="[369,559,152,178]"firstAuthor="Linnaeus"pageId="80"pageNumber="81"refId="ref112017"refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Fol. 1. 10 th Edition. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp. [in Latin]"type="book"year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="4C0974AE645AFFEFFF4FFF48FE2D579E"ID-CoL="CFSDC"authority="Linnaeus, 1758 p. 41"authorityName="Linnaeus"authorityPageNumber="41"authorityYear="1758"box="[151,492,222,244]"class="Mammalia"family="Felidae"genus="Felis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Carnivora"pageId="80"pageNumber="81"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="pardus">
<bibRefCitationid="EF9872DC645AFFEFFEC4FF48FE2D579E"author="Linnaeus"box="[284,492,222,244]"firstAuthor="Linnaeus"page="41"pageId="80"pageNumber="81"refId="ref112017"refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Fol. 1. 10 th Edition. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp. [in Latin]"type="book"year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758 p.41</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EF9872DC645AFFEFFCFDFF49FC14579E"author="Won"box="[805,981,222,244]"firstAuthor="Won"page="311"pageId="80"pageNumber="81"refId="ref125422"refString="Won, H. K. (1968) The mammals of Korea. Institute of Science Press, Pyeongyang, 408 pp. [in Korean]"type="book"year="1968">Won, 1968 p.311</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitationid="EF9872DC645AFFEFFECFFF6BFE225679"author="Schlegel"box="[279,483,253,275]"firstAuthor="Schlegel"page="23"pageId="80"pageNumber="81"refId="ref119960"refString="Schlegel, H. (1857) Handleiding tot de beoefening der dierkunde. Deel 1. Koninklijke Militaire Academie, Breda, 560 pp. [in Dutch]"type="book"year="1857">Schlegel, 1857 p.23</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="4C0974AE645AFFEFFF4FFE8BFE105658"authority="Bonhote, 1903 p. 475"authorityName="Bonhote"authorityPageNumber="475"authorityYear="1903"box="[151,465,284,306]"class="Mammalia"family="Felidae"genus="Felis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Carnivora"pageId="80"pageNumber="81"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="villosa">
<bibRefCitationid="EF9872DC645AFFEFFF21FE8AFE105658"author="Bonhote"box="[249,465,284,306]"firstAuthor="Bonhote"page="475"pageId="80"pageNumber="81"pagination="474 - 476"refId="ref96293"refString="Bonhote, J. L. (1903) On two new species of cat from China. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 11, 474 - 476. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930308678802"type="journal article"year="1903">Bonhote, 1903 p.475</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="4C0974AE645AFFEFFF4FFEACFDB6563A"authority=": Kishida & Mori, 1931 p. 379"authorityName=": Kishida & Mori"authorityPageNumber="379"authorityYear="1931"box="[151,631,314,336]"class="Mammalia"family="Felidae"genus="Erinaceus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Carnivora"pageId="80"pageNumber="81"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="orientalis">
<bibRefCitationid="EF9872DC645AFFEFFE8CFEACFDB6563A"author="Kishida & Mori"box="[340,631,314,336]"firstAuthor="Kishida"page="379"pageId="80"pageNumber="81"pagination="372 - 391"refId="ref108188"refString="Kishida, K. & Mori, T. (1931) On the distribution of terrestrial mammals of Korea. Zoological Magazine, 43, 372 - 391. [in Japanese]"type="journal article"year="1931">Kishida & Mori, 1931 p.379</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="4C0974AE645AFFEFFF4FFECCFDEA5605"authority=": Kuroda, 1938 p. 40"authorityName="Kuroda"authorityPageNumber="40"authorityYear="1938"box="[151,555,345,367]"class="Mammalia"family="Felidae"genus="Felis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Carnivora"pageId="80"pageNumber="81"phylum="Chordata"rank="subSpecies"species="pardus"subSpecies="orientalis">
<bibRefCitationid="EF9872DC645AFFEFFEB2FECFFDEA5605"author="Kuroda"box="[362,555,345,367]"firstAuthor="Kuroda"page="40"pageId="80"pageNumber="81"refId="ref110546"refString="Kuroda, N. (1938) A list of the Japanese Mammals. Published by Author, Tokyo, 122 pp."type="book"year="1938">Kuroda, 1938 p.40</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EF9872DC645AFFEFFDEDFECCFD245605"author="Won"box="[565,741,345,367]"firstAuthor="Won"page="442"pageId="80"pageNumber="81"pagination="427 - 460"refId="ref125450"refString="Won, P. H. (1958) A hand list of Korean mammals. Bulletin of Kyung-Hee University, 1, 427 - 460."type="journal article"year="1958">Won, 1958 p.442</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EF9872DC645AFFEFFD28FECCFC605605"author="Won"box="[752,929,345,367]"firstAuthor="Won"page="147"pageId="80"pageNumber="81"refId="ref125477"refString="Won, P. H. (1967) Illustrated encyclopedia of fauna and flora of Korea. Fol. 7. Mammals. Ministry of Education, Seoul, 663 pp. [in Korean]"type="book"year="1967">Won, 1967 p.147</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EF9872DC645AFFEFFC73FECCFB9D5605"author="Won"box="[939,1116,345,367]"firstAuthor="Won"page="312"pageId="80"pageNumber="81"refId="ref125422"refString="Won, H. K. (1968) The mammals of Korea. Institute of Science Press, Pyeongyang, 408 pp. [in Korean]"type="book"year="1968">Won, 1968 p.312</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="4C0974AE645AFFEFFF4FFEEEFDA356E4"ID-CoL="5K5LX"authority=": Tate, 1947 p. 194"authorityName="Tate"authorityPageNumber="194"authorityYear="1947"box="[151,610,376,398]"class="Mammalia"family="Felidae"genus="Panthera"kingdom="Animalia"order="Carnivora"pageId="80"pageNumber="81"phylum="Chordata"rank="subSpecies"species="pardus"subSpecies="orientalis">
<bibRefCitationid="EF9872DC645AFFEFFE6DFEEFFDA356E4"author="Tate"box="[437,610,376,398]"firstAuthor="Tate"page="194"pageId="80"pageNumber="81"refId="ref122298"refString="Tate, G. H. (1947) Mammals of Eastern Asia. The Macmillan Company, New York, 366 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6397"type="book"year="1947">Tate, 1947 p.194</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitationid="EF9872DC645AFFEFFD10FE01FC0956C6"author="Won & Smith"box="[712,968,406,428]"firstAuthor="Won"page="20"pageId="80"pageNumber="81"pagination="3 - 33"refId="ref125289"refString="Won, C. M. & Smith, K. G. (1999) History and current status of mammals of the Korean Peninsula. Mammal Review, 29, 3 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 2907.1999.00034. x"type="journal article"year="1999">Won & Smith, 1999 p.20</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EF9872DC645AFFEFFC0BFE00FBBE56C6"author="Oh, H."box="[979,1151,406,428]"editor="Won, B. O."firstAuthor="Oh"journalOrPublisher="Dongbang Media Press, Seoul"page="158"pageId="80"pageNumber="81"pagination="142 - 183"refId="ref116674"refString="Oh, H. S (2004 a) Order Carnivora. In: Won, B. O. (Ed.), The mammals of Korea. Dongbang Media Press, Seoul, pp. 142 - 183 [in Korean]"title="Order Carnivora"type="book chapter"volumeTitle="The mammals of Korea"year="2004"yearSuffix="a">Oh, 2004a p.158</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EF9872DC645BFFEEFB62FF0EFA5057DA"author="Jo & Baccus"box="[1210,1425,151,176]"firstAuthor="Jo"pageId="81"pageNumber="82"pagination="173 - 183"refId="ref105115"refString="Jo, Y. S. & Baccus, J. T. (2016) Are large cats compatible with modern society on the Korean Peninsula? Ecological Restoration, 34, 173 - 183. https: // doi. org / 10.3368 / er. 34.3.173"type="journal article"year="2016">Jo & Baccus 2016</bibRefCitation>
). Until the 1990s, a few leopards remained in extreme northern
<bibRefCitationid="EF9872DC645BFFEEFBDBFF2AFB7F57BF"author="Kim"box="[1027,1214,188,213]"etAl="et al."firstAuthor="Kim"pageId="81"pageNumber="82"refId="ref107208"refString="Kim, M. S., Joo, J. S., Oh, S. I, Lee, S. Y., Koh, B. J. & Park, E. C. (2015) Animals of Korea: Mammals. Science and Technology Press, Pyongyang, 211 pp. [in Korean]"type="book"year="2015">
<figureCitationid="133213A8645BFFEEFB13FF2AFADE57BF"box="[1227,1311,188,213]"captionStart="FIGURE 51"captionStartId="80.[151,250,1957,1979]"captionTargetBox="[340,1247,478,1936]"captionTargetId="figure@80.[340,1247,478,1936]"captionTargetPageId="80"captionText="FIGURE 51. Range map of Panthera pardus in Korea."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4571846"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4571846/files/figure.png"pageId="81"pageNumber="82">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
). The only official North Korean government report (Korean Central News Agency
<dateid="FFB729ED645BFFEEFC33FF76FB615792"box="[1003,1184,223,248]"pageId="81"pageNumber="82"value="2009-03-17">17 March 2009</date>
<bibRefCitationid="EF9872DC645BFFEEFEBDFEDAFDD0560F"author="Schlegel"box="[357,529,332,357]"firstAuthor="Schlegel"pageId="81"pageNumber="82"refId="ref119960"refString="Schlegel, H. (1857) Handleiding tot de beoefening der dierkunde. Deel 1. Koninklijke Militaire Academie, Breda, 560 pp. [in Dutch]"type="book"year="1857">Schlegel, 1857</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EF9872DC645BFFEEFF34FDB2FE325556"author="Uphyrkina"box="[236,499,548,573]"etAl="et al."firstAuthor="Uphyrkina"pageId="81"pageNumber="82"pagination="303 - 311"refId="ref124144"refString="Uphyrkina, O., Miquelle, D., Quigley, H., Criscoll, C. & O'Brien, S. J. (2002) Conservation genetics of the Far Eastern Leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis). The Journal of Heredity, 93, 303 - 311. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jhered / 93.5.303"type="journal article"year="2002">
<bibRefCitationid="EF9872DC645BFFEEFDDBFDB2FC875556"author="Miquelle & Goodrich"box="[515,838,548,573]"firstAuthor="Miquelle"pageId="81"pageNumber="82"refId="ref113979"refString="Miquelle, D. G. & Goodrich, J. (2009) Amur Tigers and Far Eastern Leopards in Russia: Research, Training, and Capacity Building in the Russian Far East. Final Report to 21 st Century Tiger from the Wildlife Conservation Society. Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, 15 pp."type="book"year="2009">Miquelle & Goodrich 2009</bibRefCitation>
across the Duman River despite a high and long wire fence marking the boundary (
<bibRefCitationid="EF9872DC645BFFEEFB46FDDEFADD550A"author="Nam"box="[1182,1308,583,608]"firstAuthor="Nam"pageId="81"pageNumber="82"pagination="83 - 88"refId="ref115335"refString="Nam, S. (2005) Ecosystem governance in a cross-border area: building a Tuman River transboundary biosphere reserve. China Environment Series, 7, 83 - 88."type="journal article"year="2005">Nam 2005</bibRefCitation>
has seldom monitored leopards or their habitats along that part of the border in the mountains (
<bibRefCitationid="EF9872DC645BFFEEFABCFDFAFF1555C2"author="Nam"firstAuthor="Nam"pageId="81"pageNumber="82"pagination="83 - 88"refId="ref115335"refString="Nam, S. (2005) Ecosystem governance in a cross-border area: building a Tuman River transboundary biosphere reserve. China Environment Series, 7, 83 - 88."type="journal article"year="2005">Nam 2005</bibRefCitation>
). Unfortunately, wildlife surveys rarely occur in this region. This subspecies was classified and has remained classified as ‘Critically Endangered’ since 1996 by the IUCN; the species is protected by CITES Appendix I.
