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<document id="90D08A0670B20D72D032F8D6D5444B8B" ID-CLB-Dataset="8229" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f95c7c95-304a-4c2b-82d1-0ed07e8c4724" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4412454" ID-ZooBank="2DA5E92A-0BC4-41DF-820C-31FD6009EFDB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609689361948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Löcker, Birgit" docDate="2020" docId="039F87A15465B512FF2C338B5BEA07A1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4858.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4858 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Monomalpha Emeljanov 2000" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="379" masterDocId="FFA6FFD95467B516FFBB316D584D056C" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini)" masterLastPageNumber="393" masterPageNumber="375" pageNumber="377" updateTime="1698851585267" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="FF73033A2C0F4154406E01DEB816F39A">Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EDF4C903BFA877B293A3245E3C2A0C83">Löcker, Birgit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="429C7B833C2EC5536F491C23B553367C">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="4868C9322C4F78F54B5F9C6C3369B66B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039F87A15465B512FF2C338B5BEA07A1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412445" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177324702" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4412445" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87A15465B512FF2C338B5BEA07A1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F87A15465B512FF2C338B5BEA07A1" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="379" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
<subSubSection id="C32C653C5465B514FF2C338B5A25066C" box="[151,616,742,769]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8936B75465B514FF2C338B5A25066C" blockId="2.[151,616,742,769]" box="[151,616,742,769]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
<heading id="D0C181DB5465B514FF2C338B5A25066C" bold="true" box="[151,616,742,769]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B942EAA55465B514FF2C338B5A25066C" bold="true" box="[151,616,742,769]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C364D345465B514FF55338B5A25066C" ID-CoL="63D54" authority="Emeljanov, 2000" authorityName="Emeljanov" authorityYear="2000" box="[238,616,742,769]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Monomalpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942EAA55465B514FF55338B59DC066D" bold="true" box="[238,401,742,769]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Monomalpha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B465465B514FE22338B5A25066C" author="Emeljanov, A. F." box="[409,616,742,768]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" pagination="12 - 34" refId="ref10614" refString="Emeljanov, A. F. (2000) New genera of the Family Cixiidae (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea) from Australia and Neighbouring Territories. Entomological Review, 80, 251 - 270. Translated from Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 79 (1), 12 - 34." type="journal article" year="2000">Emeljanov, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C653C5465B514FF2C324B59B00652" box="[151,509,806,830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8936B75465B514FF2C324B59B00652" blockId="2.[151,509,806,830]" box="[151,509,806,830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2611995465B514FF2C324B59B00652" box="[151,509,806,830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9710A65465B514FF2C324B59B40652" author="Emeljanov, A. F." box="[151,505,806,830]" page="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" year="2000">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D345465B514FF2C324B59B40652" ID-CoL="63D54" authority="Emeljanov, 2000: 14" authorityName="Emeljanov" authorityPageNumber="14" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,505,806,830]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Monomalpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942EAA55465B514FF2C324B59530652" box="[151,286,806,830]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Monomalpha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B465465B514FE9E324B59B40652" author="Emeljanov, A. F." box="[293,505,806,830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" pagination="12 - 34" refId="ref10614" refString="Emeljanov, A. F. (2000) New genera of the Family Cixiidae (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea) from Australia and Neighbouring Territories. Entomological Review, 80, 251 - 270. Translated from Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 79 (1), 12 - 34." type="journal article" year="2000">Emeljanov, 2000: 14</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C653C5465B514FF2C320A590402B1" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8936B75465B514FF2C320A5C4606EC" blockId="2.[151,1437,870,2013]" box="[151,1035,870,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
<typeStatus id="548D88155465B514FF2C320A588206ED" box="[151,207,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C364D345465B514FE8E320B5ABA06ED" authority="Emeljanov, 2000" authorityName="Emeljanov" authorityYear="2000" box="[309,759,870,897]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Monomalpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gratiosa">
<emphasis id="B942EAA55465B514FE8E320B5A6206EC" box="[309,559,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Monomalpha gratiosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B465465B514FD8D320B5ABA06ED" author="Emeljanov, A. F." box="[566,759,870,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" pagination="12 - 34" refId="ref10614" refString="Emeljanov, A. F. (2000) New genera of the Family Cixiidae (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea) from Australia and Neighbouring Territories. Entomological Review, 80, 251 - 270. Translated from Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 79 (1), 12 - 34." type="journal article" year="2000">Emeljanov, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B75465B514FF7C32E65B1606C9" blockId="2.[151,1437,870,2013]" box="[199,859,906,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
<emphasis id="B942EAA55465B514FF7C32E6592C06C9" bold="true" box="[199,353,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Morphology.</emphasis>
Body length:
<specimenCount id="9D30FD3E5465B514FDBB32E65A5806C9" box="[512,533,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
<quantity id="4CCE9B525465B514FDA732E65AEB06C9" box="[540,678,907,933]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" unit="mm" value="4.55" valueMax="4.8" valueMin="4.3">4.3–4.8 mm</quantity>
;
<specimenCount id="9D30FD3E5465B514FD0A32E65A8B06C9" box="[689,710,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<quantity id="4CCE9B525465B514FD7632E75B1A06C9" box="[717,855,906,933]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" unit="mm" value="4.85" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="4.2">4.2–5.5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B75465B514FF7C32C35A7B0185" blockId="2.[151,1437,870,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
Head: Vertex about as long as wide or slightly wider than long with the exception of
<taxonomicName id="4C364D345465B514FB3232C25D5006A4" authorityName="Löcker" authorityYear="2020" box="[1161,1309,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Monomalpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stenocara">
<emphasis id="B942EAA55465B514FB3232C25D5006A4" box="[1161,1309,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">M. stenocara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1.4 x longer than wide); vertex divided into apical and subapical compartment by subapical carina; apical carina deeply u-shaped. Apical transverse carina merged with raised (in relief) area ventrally of apical transverse carina on top of head. Frons invisible in dorsal view. Frons about as long as wide or longer than wide. Maximum width of frons no more than twice apical width (only in
<taxonomicName id="4C364D345465B514FD8035525A800134" authorityName="Löcker" authorityYear="2020" box="[571,717,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Monomalpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stenocara">
<emphasis id="B942EAA55465B514FD8035525A800134" box="[571,717,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">M. stenocara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
about twice apical width); position of maximum width distinctly dorsad of centre of frontoclypeal suture. Median carina of frons complete. Lateral carinae of frons slightly elevated, foliaceous, slightly to moderately extending laterally, concealing base of antennae. Median ocellus of frons absent. Rostrum surpassing hind coxae and reaching or just not reaching hind femura. Subapical segment of rostrum less than twice as long as apical segment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B75465B514FF7C359F5D2203F5" blockId="2.[151,1437,870,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
Thorax: Pronotum with median carina moderately to well developed; pronotum about the same length in middle as laterally; submedian carinae running parallel to eyes. Mesonotum with well-developed lateral carinae; median carina well developed near anterior margin, evanescent near posterior margin. Forewings moderately tectiform; surpassing tip of abdomen; widest around apex of clavus; concavity at costal border absent; no tubercles in cells at apex of wing, only along veins; tubercles in pterostigma scattered; ScP+R+M forming a very long common stem distad of basal cell; fork of ScP+RA and RP distinctly basad (far away) of fork CuA1 and CuA2; fork of CuA1 and CuA
<quantity id="4CCE9B525465B514FA3434CA58E00088" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
apical half of forewing; icu, where it inserts at CuP, distinctly distad of apex of clavus; RA apically unforked; MP3+4 unforked; nodus of y-vein more or less central within clavus. Hind leg: tibia with 6 apical spines (grouped in two groups with a small to large gap in between, or grouped without distinct gap), outermost spine the largest followed by two shorter spines that appear retracted (forming a second row), innermost three spines on same row as outermost spine, with middle spine of the three slightly shorter than the others; 1
<superScript id="7C439BFF5465B514FBA137365C680305" attach="left" box="[1050,1061,1627,1641]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">st</superScript>
tarsomere with 7 apical teeth and no platellae; 2
<superScript id="7C439BFF5465B514FE8D3713590B03E0" attach="left" box="[310,326,1662,1676]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">nd</superScript>
tarsomere 6–7 apical teeth and no platellae but with up to 3 very fine setae (= subapical setae).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B75465B514FF7C37CF59480269" blockId="2.[151,1437,870,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
Male genitalia: Phallotheca very wide at base, narrow in middle section; with 2–4 spines of varying length, some of which can be bifurcate; bifurcate ventral process absent (
<emphasis id="B942EAA55465B514FCD537AA5CF5038C" box="[878,1208,1734,1760]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D345465B514FCD537AA5BA2038C" authorityName="Emeljanov" authorityYear="2000" box="[878,1007,1734,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Monomalpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fletcheri">M. fletcheri</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C364D345465B514FB9D37AA5CF5038C" authorityName="Löcker" authorityYear="2020" box="[1062,1208,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Monomalpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stenocara">M. stenocara</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
) or rudimentary (
<taxonomicName id="4C364D345465B514FAC537AA58B90268" authorityName="Emeljanov" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Monomalpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gratiosa">
<emphasis id="B942EAA55465B514FAC537AA58B90268" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">M. gratiosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B75465B514FF7C3663590402B1" blockId="2.[151,1437,870,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
Female genitalia: Segment IX truncate, with rounded edges, with a concave disc bearing a slightly to moderately elevated dividing wall running from ovipositor to anal tube, waxplate absent. Ovipositor very long, sabreshaped, slightly curved upwards, protruding much further than anal style (
<figureCitation id="130D2A325465B514FC52363B5C61021D" box="[1001,1068,1878,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,260,1942,1968]" captionTargetBox="[173,1415,179,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[173,1415,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1: Female genitalia: A Monomalpha gratiosa; B–F Monomalpha fletcheri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412456/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Anal tube in
<taxonomicName id="4C364D345465B514FB66363A5D2C021C" authorityName="Emeljanov" authorityYear="2000" box="[1245,1377,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Monomalpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gratiosa">
<emphasis id="B942EAA55465B514FB66363A5D2C021C" box="[1245,1377,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">M. gratiosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
very short, widening towards apex, in
<taxonomicName id="4C364D345465B514FDBD36165ACA02F8" authorityName="Emeljanov" authorityYear="2000" box="[518,647,1914,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Monomalpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fletcheri">
<emphasis id="B942EAA55465B514FDBD36165ACA02F8" box="[518,647,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">M. fletcheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
slightly longer, slightly widening or same width throughout. Anal style long (as long or longer than dorsal length of anal tube), slightly to much longer (up to twice as long) than remainder of 11
<superScript id="7C439BFF5465B514FF6B36AF589002BC" attach="left" box="[208,221,1986,2000]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">th</superScript>
segment.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF49663F5464B515FF2C36FB5C0702DC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412456" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4412456" box="[151,1098,1942,1968]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412456/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" startId="3.[151,260,1942,1968]" targetBox="[173,1415,179,1915]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B8936B75464B515FF2C36FB5C0702DC" blockId="3.[151,1098,1942,1968]" box="[151,1098,1942,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="B942EAA55464B515FF2C36FB596F02DC" bold="true" box="[151,290,1942,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">FIGURE 1:</emphasis>
Female genitalia: A
<taxonomicName id="4C364D345464B515FDB136FB5B4E02DC" authorityName="Emeljanov" authorityYear="2000" box="[522,771,1942,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Monomalpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gratiosa">
<emphasis id="B942EAA55464B515FDB136FB5B4E02DC" box="[522,771,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Monomalpha gratiosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; B–F
<taxonomicName id="4C364D345464B515FCF136FB5C0E02DC" authorityName="Emeljanov" authorityYear="2000" box="[842,1091,1942,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Monomalpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fletcheri">
<emphasis id="B942EAA55464B515FCF136FB5C0E02DC" box="[842,1091,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Monomalpha fletcheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32C653C5463B512FF7C31FB592404E5" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8936B75463B512FF7C31FB592404E5" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">
<emphasis id="B942EAA55463B512FF7C31FB590905DC" bold="true" box="[199,324,150,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C364D345463B512FEF731FB59AC05DC" authorityName="Emeljanov" authorityYear="2000" box="[332,481,150,176]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Monomalpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942EAA55463B512FEF731FB59AC05DC" box="[332,481,150,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Monomalpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to
<collectingCountry id="F32176275463B512FD3131FB5ABC05DC" box="[650,753,150,176]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Australia</collectingCountry>
and can be distinguished from all other Australian
<taxonomicName id="4C364D345463B512FA8631FB5DD105DC" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1839" box="[1341,1436,150,176]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cixiidae</taxonomicName>
by the following combination of characters: apex of head with two transverse carinae; apical transverse carina of vertex deeply u-shaped (
<figureCitation id="130D2A325463B512FE1731B35A4A0594" box="[428,519,222,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,260,1942,1968]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,179,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[169,1418,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Monomalpha fletcheri: A–B habitus (A holotype); C–E head and thorax; F hind tarsi; G hind tibia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412460/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Figs 3E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130D2A325463B512FDAF31B35A740594" box="[532,569,222,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,260,1263,1289]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1239]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1435,179,1239]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Monomalpha gratiosa: A habitus; B–D head and thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412462/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">4D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130D2A325463B512FDFE31B25A260595" box="[581,619,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,260,2007,2033]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,753,1963]" captionTargetId="figure-282@12.[153,1434,738,1982]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Latissima isleyensis (holotype): A habitus; B–D head and thorax; E hind tibia and tarsi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412470/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">7D</figureCitation>
); apical transverse carina merged with raised (in relief) area ventrally of apical transverse carina (
<figureCitation id="130D2A325463B512FE0A306F5A420470" box="[433,527,258,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,260,1263,1289]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1239]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1435,179,1239]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Monomalpha gratiosa: A habitus; B–D head and thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412462/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Figs 4C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130D2A325463B512FDA7306F5A0C0471" box="[540,577,258,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,260,1942,1968]" captionTargetBox="[168,1419,179,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[168,1419,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Monomalpha gratiosa (holotype). A habitus dorsal; B habitus lateral; C–E head and thorax; F hind tibiae and tarsi. Photos courtesy of Dr Olívia Evangelista (ANIC). Used with permission." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412464/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">5D</figureCitation>
); forewings with tubercles only along veins (not within cells in apical third of wing); median carina of frons unforked (
<figureCitation id="130D2A325463B512FD3B304B5A94042C" box="[640,729,294,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,260,1263,1289]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1239]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1435,179,1239]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Monomalpha gratiosa: A habitus; B–D head and thorax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412462/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
); frons without median ocellus; second hind tarsomere without platellae, but with three or fewer very fine setae (
<figureCitation id="130D2A325463B512FD7E30275B510408" box="[709,796,330,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,260,1942,1968]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,179,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[169,1418,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Monomalpha fletcheri: A–B habitus (A holotype); C–E head and thorax; F hind tarsi; G hind tibia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412460/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Figs 3F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130D2A325463B512FC9230275B010409" box="[809,844,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,260,1631,1657]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-29@10.[151,1435,179,1607]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Monomalpha stenocara (holotype): A habitus; B–D head and thorax; E hind tarsi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412468/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">6E</figureCitation>
); fork of CuA1 and CuA
<quantity id="4CCE9B525463B512FBDC30275CDF0408" box="[1127,1170,330,356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
apical half of forewing (
<figureCitation id="130D2A325463B512FF24300358B104E4" box="[159,252,366,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,260,1942,1968]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,179,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[169,1418,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Monomalpha fletcheri: A–B habitus (A holotype); C–E head and thorax; F hind tarsi; G hind tibia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412460/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130D2A325463B512FEB33003591104E5" box="[264,348,366,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,260,1942,1968]" captionTargetBox="[168,1419,179,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[168,1419,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Monomalpha gratiosa (holotype). A habitus dorsal; B habitus lateral; C–E head and thorax; F hind tibiae and tarsi. Photos courtesy of Dr Olívia Evangelista (ANIC). Used with permission." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4412464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4412464/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">5A, 5B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C653C5463B512FF7C30FF5A6C07C5" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8936B75463B512FF7C30FF5A6C07C5" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">
<emphasis id="B942EAA55463B512FF7C30FF597604C0" bold="true" box="[199,315,402,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Remarks.</emphasis>
The original description of the genus (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B465463B512FD4830FF5BFC04C0" author="Emeljanov, A. F." box="[755,945,402,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" pagination="12 - 34" refId="ref10614" refString="Emeljanov, A. F. (2000) New genera of the Family Cixiidae (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea) from Australia and Neighbouring Territories. Entomological Review, 80, 251 - 270. Translated from Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 79 (1), 12 - 34." type="journal article" year="2000">Emeljanov 2000</bibRefCitation>
) mentions the following characters: second hind tarsomere with the four inner teeth bearing thin subapical setae; forewing with M [MP according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B465463B512FA8830DB59400499" author="Bourgoin, Th. &amp; Wang, R. R. &amp; Asche, M. &amp; Hoch, H. &amp; Soulier-Perkins, A. &amp; Stroinski, A. &amp; Yap, S. &amp; Szwedo, J." pageId="4" pageNumber="379" pagination="63 - 77" refId="ref10520" refString="Bourgoin, Th., Wang, R. R., Asche, M., Hoch, H., Soulier-Perkins, A., Stroinski, A., Yap, S. &amp; Szwedo, J. (2015) From microp- terism to hyperpterism: recognition strategy and standardized homology-driven terminology of the forewing venation patterns in planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha). Zoomorphology, 134, 63 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00435 - 014 - 0243 - 6" type="journal article" year="2015">
Bourgoin
<emphasis id="B942EAA55463B512FF2C30B658820498" box="[151,207,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
terminology] five-pointed, with 3 MA branches [MP1+2 according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B465463B512FBA530B75D490499" author="Bourgoin, Th. &amp; Wang, R. R. &amp; Asche, M. &amp; Hoch, H. &amp; Soulier-Perkins, A. &amp; Stroinski, A. &amp; Yap, S. &amp; Szwedo, J." box="[1054,1284,474,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" pagination="63 - 77" refId="ref10520" refString="Bourgoin, Th., Wang, R. R., Asche, M., Hoch, H., Soulier-Perkins, A., Stroinski, A., Yap, S. &amp; Szwedo, J. (2015) From microp- terism to hyperpterism: recognition strategy and standardized homology-driven terminology of the forewing venation patterns in planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha). Zoomorphology, 134, 63 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00435 - 014 - 0243 - 6" type="journal article" year="2015">
Bourgoin
<emphasis id="B942EAA55463B512FB3530B65C8B0498" box="[1166,1222,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
terminology] or only two-pointed (in the type species); short stalk ScRM [stalk ScP+R+M according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B465463B512FB1530935DD10775" author="Bourgoin, Th. &amp; Wang, R. R. &amp; Asche, M. &amp; Hoch, H. &amp; Soulier-Perkins, A. &amp; Stroinski, A. &amp; Yap, S. &amp; Szwedo, J." box="[1198,1436,510,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" pagination="63 - 77" refId="ref10520" refString="Bourgoin, Th., Wang, R. R., Asche, M., Hoch, H., Soulier-Perkins, A., Stroinski, A., Yap, S. &amp; Szwedo, J. (2015) From microp- terism to hyperpterism: recognition strategy and standardized homology-driven terminology of the forewing venation patterns in planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha). Zoomorphology, 134, 63 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00435 - 014 - 0243 - 6" type="journal article" year="2015">
Bourgoin
<emphasis id="B942EAA55463B512FA9B30925D160774" box="[1312,1371,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
terminology] present. Examination of the
<typeStatus id="548D88155463B512FDD0334F5A9D0750" box="[619,720,546,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<typeStatus id="548D88155463B512FD60334E5B0B0751" box="[731,838,547,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(those that were available for examination) and other material examined, revealed only up to 3 subapical setae (= very fine setae) on the second tarsomere and only up to 3 MP branches (MP1+2 bifurcate or unforked, MP3+4 unforked) and compared to most
<taxonomicName id="4C364D345463B512FBCC33075C9B07E8" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1839" box="[1143,1238,618,644]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cixiidae</taxonomicName>
ScP+R+M forms a rather long stem in
<taxonomicName id="4C364D345463B512FE3F33E35A5407C4" authorityName="Emeljanov" authorityYear="2000" box="[388,537,654,680]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Monomalpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942EAA55463B512FE3F33E35A5407C4" box="[388,537,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Monomalpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C653C5463B512FF7C33DF5BEA07A1" box="[199,935,690,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8936B75463B512FF7C33DF5BEA07A1" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,717]" box="[199,935,690,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">
<emphasis id="B942EAA55463B512FF7C33DF592C07A0" bold="true" box="[199,353,690,716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F32176275463B512FEDD33DF598007A0" box="[358,461,690,716]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Australia</collectingCountry>
(Qld, NSW including Lord Howe Island).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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