treatments-xml/data/03/CA/95/03CA9569FFB4FF9865ECFA6910F19025.xml

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<mods:title id="C632EBD87C75DFE9BF7B577E9CBA403F">Morphological Redescriptions and Molecular Phylogeny of Three Stentor Species (Ciliophora: Heterotrichea: Stentoridae) from Korea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2F542D916D8BB6182CE1FE6E764419AE">Taher, Md Abu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2F8E244AE01CE8518EB631925C56B343">Kim, Min Seok</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BDC247FFFB4FF9665ECFA6910279537" blockId="6.[151,583,1515,1577]" box="[151,583,1515,1541]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">
<heading id="D0949313FFB4FF9665ECFA6910279537" bold="true" box="[151,583,1515,1541]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C635FFCFFB4FF9665ECFA6910279537" ID-CoL="526JX" authority="Murthy &amp; Bai, 1974" authorityName="Murthy &amp; Bai" authorityYear="1974" box="[151,583,1515,1541]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Stentoridae" genus="Stentor" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tartari">
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB4FF9665ECFA6910279537" bold="true" box="[151,583,1515,1541]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB4FF9665ECFA6913249537" bold="true" box="[151,324,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Stentor tartari</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2598EFFB4FF966431FA6910279537" author="Murthy, K. V. N. &amp; Bai, A. R. K." box="[330,583,1515,1541]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" pagination="505 - 506" refId="ref10482" refString="Murthy, K. V. N. &amp; Bai, A. R. K. (1974) Stentor tartari sp. n. from India. The Journal of Protozoology, 21, 505 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1550 - 7408.1974. tb 03687. x" type="journal article" year="1974">Murthy &amp; Bai, 1974</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C37977F4FFB4FF9665ECF98D13FA951B" box="[151,410,1551,1577]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDC247FFFB4FF9665ECF98D13FA951B" blockId="6.[151,583,1515,1577]" box="[151,410,1551,1577]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">
(
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB4FF9665E4F98D136B951B" box="[159,267,1551,1577]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1535,1560]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,1516,1541]" captionStartId-2="9.[151,250,1414,1439]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1432,184,1513]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1426,805,1497]" captionTargetBox-2="[163,1436,464,1355]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[151,1436,174,1515]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[151,1436,805,1497]" captionTargetId-2="figure@9.[151,1436,440,1355]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Line diagrams of S. tartari from life (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E, F). A. Ventral view of a representative specimen; B. Cortical granulation; C. Somatic cilia; D. Body shapes of freely motile and extended cells; E, F. Ventral and dorsal views of infraciliature; Arrowhead in (E) point to basal bodies of somatic cilia. AM, adoral membranelles; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kinety; PM, paroral membrane; SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kinety. Scale bars: A= 100 μm, C=10 μm, E, F=50 μm." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Photomicrographs of S. tartari from life (A–F). A. Ventral view of a representative cell showing body shape, position of contractile vacuole, macronuclear nodules; B, C, D. Indicating buccal and somatic ciliature with cortical granulation; E. Showing specimens attached to debris; F. Squeezed specimen, showing macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; G. Ventral view of a typical specimen, showing contractile vacuole with collecting canal; Arrowheads in (C) point to colorless cortical granules; Arrowheads and double arrowhead in (D) indicating mitochondria (?) and somatic cilia, respectively; Arrowhead in (E inset) points to holdfast organelle; Arrowheads in (F) point to symbiotic green algae; Arrowheads in (G) indicating collecting canal; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=100 μm, F=10 μm, G=75 μm." captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Photomicrographs of S. tartari after protargol impregnation (A–C). A. Ventral view of voucher specimen; showing nuclear apparatus and symbiotic algae; B. Indicating buccal and ventral somatic ciliature; C. Showing ventral somatic ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; Arrowheads in (A) point to symbiotic green algae after protargol impregnation; Arrowheads in (B) point to rows of somatic cilia; AM, adoral membranelles; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties; PM, paroral membrane; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=50 μm, C=10 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667274" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667276" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667278" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3667274/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3667276/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3667278/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Figs. 6–8</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6E111C4FFB4FF96646DF98D1314951B" box="[278,372,1551,1577]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="11.[151,239,154,178]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric date for Korean samples of Stentor coeruleus, S. muelleri, and S. tartari." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1C74F7FFB9FF9B65ECFF1816D79383" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" tableUuid="DF1C74F7FFB9FF9B65ECFF1816D79383">Tables 1</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6E111C4FFB4FF9664F9F98D13F1951B" box="[386,401,1551,1577]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[144,232,500,526]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparisons of Stentor congeners." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1C74F7FFBEFF9C65EBFE7610E2913C" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" tableUuid="DF1C74F7FFBEFF9C65EBFE7610E2913C">2</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37977F4FFB4FF9665ECF9D513B4945F" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDC247FFFB4FF9665ECF9D510229417" blockId="6.[151,1437,1622,2009]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB4FF9665ECF9D513E99543" bold="true" box="[151,393,1622,1649]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Improved diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body size 200–355 × 
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFB4FF9667FEF9D411659543" box="[645,773,1622,1649]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.35" metricValueMin="0.85" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" unit="mm" value="110.0" valueMax="135.0" valueMin="85.0">85–135 µm</quantity>
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB4FF966677F9DA11379543" box="[780,855,1624,1649]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">in vivo</emphasis>
(on average 300 × 
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFB4FF966154F9D416E89543" box="[1071,1160,1622,1649]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" unit="mm" value="105.0">105 µm</quantity>
), 250–700 × 
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFB4FF966060F9D417FC9543" box="[1307,1436,1622,1649]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" metricValueMax="1.35" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" unit="mm" value="102.5" valueMax="135.0" valueMin="70.0">70–135 µm</quantity>
when extended, about 200 × 
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after protargol impregnation. Body slender trumpet-shaped to conical when extended, irregular pinkish and colorless cortical granules scattered throughout whole body, symbiotic green algae present, contractile vacuole located in anterior 1/3 of body near left margin with a collecting canal, 8–13 peristomial kineties, 62–106 somatic ciliary rows, 1–4 (average 2) macronuclear nodules located at mid-body. 5–18 micronuclei located around macronuclear nodules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC247FFFB4FF9665BCF8AC13B4945F" blockId="6.[151,1437,1622,2009]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB4FF9665BCF8AC13B5947B" bold="true" box="[199,469,1838,1865]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Locality and habitat.</emphasis>
Small freshwater pond (0 psu), Cheongnyang-myeon, Ulju-gun, 
<collectingRegion id="49A7EA9DFFB4FF966184F8AD1723947B" box="[1279,1347,1839,1865]" country="South Korea" name="Ulsan" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Ulsan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F37464EFFFB4FF966023F8AD17FC947B" box="[1368,1436,1839,1865]" name="South Korea" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Korea</collectingCountry>
(35°31′ 
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, 129°13′ 
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37977F4FFB4FF9665BCF8F510BB94EB" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDC247FFFB4FF9665BCF8F510BB94EB" blockId="6.[151,1437,1622,2009]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB4FF9665BCF8F513C094A3" bold="true" box="[199,416,1910,1937]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Voucher material.</emphasis>
A protargol-stained slide with fixed specimens was deposited at the National Institute of Biological Resources (
<collectionCode id="ED72BCBAFFB4FF9664EEF81913BD9487" box="[405,477,1947,1973]" country="South Korea" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r4iq-k5jx" name="National Institute of Biological Resources" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">NIBR</collectionCode>
), 
<collectingRegion id="49A7EA9DFFB4FF96648BF819102D9487" box="[496,589,1947,1973]" country="South Korea" name="Incheon" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Incheon</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F37464EFFFB4FF966722F81910C09487" box="[601,672,1947,1973]" name="South Korea" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Korea</collectingCountry>
, with registration number NIBRPR0000107178. The voucher specimens are marked by a black ink circles on the slide.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BDC247FFFB5FF9765ECFA7D1724959A" blockId="7.[151,1437,1535,1704]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB5FF9765ECFA7D1372952A" bold="true" box="[151,274,1535,1560]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Line diagrams of 
<taxonomicName id="4C635FFCFFB5FF9764B3F98210429525" authorityName="Murthy &amp; Bai" authorityYear="1974" box="[456,546,1536,1559]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Stentoridae" genus="Stentor" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tartari">
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB5FF9764B3F98213B59525" box="[456,469,1536,1559]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB5FF97649BF98210429525" box="[480,546,1536,1559]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">tartari</emphasis>
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from life (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E, F). 
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB5FF976125FA7D1617952A" bold="true" box="[1118,1143,1535,1560]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">A.</emphasis>
Ventral view of a representative specimen; 
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB5FF97644AF9A113289509" bold="true" box="[305,328,1571,1595]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">B.</emphasis>
Cortical granulation; 
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB5FF976753F9A11021950E" bold="true" box="[552,577,1571,1596]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">C.</emphasis>
Somatic cilia; 
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB5FF9767A0F9A110939509" bold="true" box="[731,755,1571,1595]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">D.</emphasis>
Body shapes of freely motile and extended cells; 
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB5FF97618BF9A117419509" bold="true" box="[1264,1313,1571,1595]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">E, F.</emphasis>
Ventral and dorsal views of infraciliature; Arrowhead in (E) point to basal bodies of somatic cilia. AM, adoral membranelles; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kinety; PM, paroral membrane; SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kinety. Scale bars: A= 100 μm, C=10 μm, E, F=50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C37977F4FFB5FF9865BCF95710F19025" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="443" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" type="description">
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<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB5FF9765BCF957133995C2" bold="true" box="[199,345,1749,1776]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Description.</emphasis>
The freely motile cell is inverted pear-shaped and size ranges, 200–355 × 
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(on average 300 × 
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) 
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFB5FF976401F97813A79421" box="[378,455,1786,1811]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">in vivo</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB5FF9764A3F97810539426" box="[472,563,1786,1812]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1516,1541]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,805,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,805,1497]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photomicrographs of S. tartari from life (A–F). A. Ventral view of a representative cell showing body shape, position of contractile vacuole, macronuclear nodules; B, C, D. Indicating buccal and somatic ciliature with cortical granulation; E. Showing specimens attached to debris; F. Squeezed specimen, showing macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; G. Ventral view of a typical specimen, showing contractile vacuole with collecting canal; Arrowheads in (C) point to colorless cortical granules; Arrowheads and double arrowhead in (D) indicating mitochondria (?) and somatic cilia, respectively; Arrowhead in (E inset) points to holdfast organelle; Arrowheads in (F) point to symbiotic green algae; Arrowheads in (G) indicating collecting canal; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=100 μm, F=10 μm, G=75 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667276/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). After extension, when cell relaxed, the body looks like trumpet-shaped and size ranges, 
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFB5FF97645BF89F13CF940A" box="[288,431,1821,1848]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" unit="mm" value="475.0" valueMax="700.0" valueMin="250.0">250–700 µm</quantity>
in length and 
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFB5FF976734F89F10AF940A" box="[591,719,1821,1848]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" metricValueMax="1.35" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" unit="mm" value="102.5" valueMax="135.0" valueMin="70.0">70–135 µm</quantity>
in width in the peristomial area. Specimens shrink considerably after protargol impregnation, i.e., 95–310 × 
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFB5FF9767FBF8C31161946E" box="[640,769,1857,1884]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.525" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="0.75" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" unit="mm" value="152.5" valueMax="230.0" valueMin="75.0">75–230 µm</quantity>
(on average 200 × 
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFB5FF9766ACF8C3164E946E" box="[983,1070,1857,1884]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" unit="mm" value="160.0">160 µm</quantity>
) (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB5FF97613EF8C016FE946E" box="[1093,1182,1858,1884]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1414,1439]" captionTargetBox="[163,1436,464,1355]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,440,1355]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Photomicrographs of S. tartari after protargol impregnation (A–C). A. Ventral view of voucher specimen; showing nuclear apparatus and symbiotic algae; B. Indicating buccal and ventral somatic ciliature; C. Showing ventral somatic ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; Arrowheads in (A) point to symbiotic green algae after protargol impregnation; Arrowheads in (B) point to rows of somatic cilia; AM, adoral membranelles; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties; PM, paroral membrane; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=50 μm, C=10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667278/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
). Two 
<typeStatus id="54D89ADDFFB5FF976192F8C01744946E" box="[1257,1316,1858,1884]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">types</typeStatus>
of cortical granules, colored and colorless, irregularly arranged between somatic kineties (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB5FF976159F8E416C194B2" box="[1058,1185,1894,1920]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1516,1541]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,805,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,805,1497]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photomicrographs of S. tartari from life (A–F). A. Ventral view of a representative cell showing body shape, position of contractile vacuole, macronuclear nodules; B, C, D. Indicating buccal and somatic ciliature with cortical granulation; E. Showing specimens attached to debris; F. Squeezed specimen, showing macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; G. Ventral view of a typical specimen, showing contractile vacuole with collecting canal; Arrowheads in (C) point to colorless cortical granules; Arrowheads and double arrowhead in (D) indicating mitochondria (?) and somatic cilia, respectively; Arrowhead in (E inset) points to holdfast organelle; Arrowheads in (F) point to symbiotic green algae; Arrowheads in (G) indicating collecting canal; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=100 μm, F=10 μm, G=75 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667276/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Fig. 7C, D</figureCitation>
). The colored cortical granules appeared pinkish red, reddish, or brown red, round or oval-shaped 
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFB5FF9766A7F80B16279496" box="[988,1095,1929,1956]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1 µm</quantity>
in diameter (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB5FF9761A2F80817329496" box="[1241,1362,1930,1956]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1516,1541]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,805,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,805,1497]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photomicrographs of S. tartari from life (A–F). A. Ventral view of a representative cell showing body shape, position of contractile vacuole, macronuclear nodules; B, C, D. Indicating buccal and somatic ciliature with cortical granulation; E. Showing specimens attached to debris; F. Squeezed specimen, showing macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; G. Ventral view of a typical specimen, showing contractile vacuole with collecting canal; Arrowheads in (C) point to colorless cortical granules; Arrowheads and double arrowhead in (D) indicating mitochondria (?) and somatic cilia, respectively; Arrowhead in (E inset) points to holdfast organelle; Arrowheads in (F) point to symbiotic green algae; Arrowheads in (G) indicating collecting canal; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=100 μm, F=10 μm, G=75 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667276/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Fig. 7C, D</figureCitation>
). Density of the colored cortical granules is higher in anterior than in mid to posterior parts of body (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFB5FF9761BFF82C177E94FA" box="[1220,1310,1966,1992]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1516,1541]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,805,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,805,1497]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photomicrographs of S. tartari from life (A–F). A. Ventral view of a representative cell showing body shape, position of contractile vacuole, macronuclear nodules; B, C, D. Indicating buccal and somatic ciliature with cortical granulation; E. Showing specimens attached to debris; F. Squeezed specimen, showing macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; G. Ventral view of a typical specimen, showing contractile vacuole with collecting canal; Arrowheads in (C) point to colorless cortical granules; Arrowheads and double arrowhead in (D) indicating mitochondria (?) and somatic cilia, respectively; Arrowhead in (E inset) points to holdfast organelle; Arrowheads in (F) point to symbiotic green algae; Arrowheads in (G) indicating collecting canal; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=100 μm, F=10 μm, G=75 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667276/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). Colorless cortical granules are smaller than reddish granules; shape of colorless cortical granules is round to oval, 
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFB5FF976067F85317FC94DE" box="[1308,1436,2001,2028]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.5 µm</quantity>
in diameter (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF986453FF1B13E29381" box="[296,386,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1516,1541]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,805,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,805,1497]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photomicrographs of S. tartari from life (A–F). A. Ventral view of a representative cell showing body shape, position of contractile vacuole, macronuclear nodules; B, C, D. Indicating buccal and somatic ciliature with cortical granulation; E. Showing specimens attached to debris; F. Squeezed specimen, showing macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; G. Ventral view of a typical specimen, showing contractile vacuole with collecting canal; Arrowheads in (C) point to colorless cortical granules; Arrowheads and double arrowhead in (D) indicating mitochondria (?) and somatic cilia, respectively; Arrowhead in (E inset) points to holdfast organelle; Arrowheads in (F) point to symbiotic green algae; Arrowheads in (G) indicating collecting canal; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=100 μm, F=10 μm, G=75 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667276/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
). Transparent cortex makes cytoplasmic organelles easily identifiable (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF9861DDFF1B17229381" box="[1190,1346,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1516,1541]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,805,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,805,1497]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photomicrographs of S. tartari from life (A–F). A. Ventral view of a representative cell showing body shape, position of contractile vacuole, macronuclear nodules; B, C, D. Indicating buccal and somatic ciliature with cortical granulation; E. Showing specimens attached to debris; F. Squeezed specimen, showing macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; G. Ventral view of a typical specimen, showing contractile vacuole with collecting canal; Arrowheads in (C) point to colorless cortical granules; Arrowheads and double arrowhead in (D) indicating mitochondria (?) and somatic cilia, respectively; Arrowhead in (E inset) points to holdfast organelle; Arrowheads in (F) point to symbiotic green algae; Arrowheads in (G) indicating collecting canal; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=100 μm, F=10 μm, G=75 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667276/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Fig. 7A, C, F</figureCitation>
). Sixtytwo to 106 parallel somatic kineties composed of dikinetids longitudinally arranged parallel to antero-posterior axis of cell (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF986596FF63133D93C9" box="[237,349,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1535,1560]" captionTargetBox="[159,1432,184,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,174,1515]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Line diagrams of S. tartari from life (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E, F). A. Ventral view of a representative specimen; B. Cortical granulation; C. Somatic cilia; D. Body shapes of freely motile and extended cells; E, F. Ventral and dorsal views of infraciliature; Arrowhead in (E) point to basal bodies of somatic cilia. AM, adoral membranelles; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kinety; PM, paroral membrane; SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kinety. Scale bars: A= 100 μm, C=10 μm, E, F=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667274/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Fig. 6E, F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF986412FF6313EB93C9" box="[361,395,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1516,1541]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,805,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,805,1497]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photomicrographs of S. tartari from life (A–F). A. Ventral view of a representative cell showing body shape, position of contractile vacuole, macronuclear nodules; B, C, D. Indicating buccal and somatic ciliature with cortical granulation; E. Showing specimens attached to debris; F. Squeezed specimen, showing macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; G. Ventral view of a typical specimen, showing contractile vacuole with collecting canal; Arrowheads in (C) point to colorless cortical granules; Arrowheads and double arrowhead in (D) indicating mitochondria (?) and somatic cilia, respectively; Arrowhead in (E inset) points to holdfast organelle; Arrowheads in (F) point to symbiotic green algae; Arrowheads in (G) indicating collecting canal; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=100 μm, F=10 μm, G=75 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667276/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">7C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF9864ECFF6313DA93C9" box="[407,442,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1414,1439]" captionTargetBox="[163,1436,464,1355]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,440,1355]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Photomicrographs of S. tartari after protargol impregnation (A–C). A. Ventral view of voucher specimen; showing nuclear apparatus and symbiotic algae; B. Indicating buccal and ventral somatic ciliature; C. Showing ventral somatic ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; Arrowheads in (A) point to symbiotic green algae after protargol impregnation; Arrowheads in (B) point to rows of somatic cilia; AM, adoral membranelles; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties; PM, paroral membrane; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=50 μm, C=10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667278/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">8B</figureCitation>
). Each somatic cilium is 
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFBAFF9867A8FF63115793C9" box="[723,823,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="6.0">6–12 µm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF986604FF6311B993C9" box="[895,985,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1516,1541]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,805,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,805,1497]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photomicrographs of S. tartari from life (A–F). A. Ventral view of a representative cell showing body shape, position of contractile vacuole, macronuclear nodules; B, C, D. Indicating buccal and somatic ciliature with cortical granulation; E. Showing specimens attached to debris; F. Squeezed specimen, showing macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; G. Ventral view of a typical specimen, showing contractile vacuole with collecting canal; Arrowheads in (C) point to colorless cortical granules; Arrowheads and double arrowhead in (D) indicating mitochondria (?) and somatic cilia, respectively; Arrowhead in (E inset) points to holdfast organelle; Arrowheads in (F) point to symbiotic green algae; Arrowheads in (G) indicating collecting canal; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=100 μm, F=10 μm, G=75 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667276/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
). Average gap between adjacent somatic kineties is 
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFBAFF98646BFE87132B922D" box="[272,331,261,287]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 µm</quantity>
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFBAFF986429FE8413FE922D" box="[338,414,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">in vivo</emphasis>
. Mitochondria (?)-like organelles distributed on pellicle slightly more densely packed near somatic kineties (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF986422FEAB13D19271" box="[345,433,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1516,1541]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,805,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,805,1497]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photomicrographs of S. tartari from life (A–F). A. Ventral view of a representative cell showing body shape, position of contractile vacuole, macronuclear nodules; B, C, D. Indicating buccal and somatic ciliature with cortical granulation; E. Showing specimens attached to debris; F. Squeezed specimen, showing macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; G. Ventral view of a typical specimen, showing contractile vacuole with collecting canal; Arrowheads in (C) point to colorless cortical granules; Arrowheads and double arrowhead in (D) indicating mitochondria (?) and somatic cilia, respectively; Arrowhead in (E inset) points to holdfast organelle; Arrowheads in (F) point to symbiotic green algae; Arrowheads in (G) indicating collecting canal; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=100 μm, F=10 μm, G=75 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667276/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
, arrowhead). One contractile vacuole with a long collecting canal located left of the buccal cavity about 
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFBAFF98645EFECE130D9255" box="[293,365,332,359]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 µm</quantity>
in diameter during diastole (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF9867D1FECF11629255" box="[682,770,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1535,1560]" captionTargetBox="[159,1432,184,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,174,1515]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Line diagrams of S. tartari from life (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E, F). A. Ventral view of a representative specimen; B. Cortical granulation; C. Somatic cilia; D. Body shapes of freely motile and extended cells; E, F. Ventral and dorsal views of infraciliature; Arrowhead in (E) point to basal bodies of somatic cilia. AM, adoral membranelles; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kinety; PM, paroral membrane; SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kinety. Scale bars: A= 100 μm, C=10 μm, E, F=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667274/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF986677FECF11529255" box="[780,818,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1516,1541]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,805,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,805,1497]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photomicrographs of S. tartari from life (A–F). A. Ventral view of a representative cell showing body shape, position of contractile vacuole, macronuclear nodules; B, C, D. Indicating buccal and somatic ciliature with cortical granulation; E. Showing specimens attached to debris; F. Squeezed specimen, showing macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; G. Ventral view of a typical specimen, showing contractile vacuole with collecting canal; Arrowheads in (C) point to colorless cortical granules; Arrowheads and double arrowhead in (D) indicating mitochondria (?) and somatic cilia, respectively; Arrowhead in (E inset) points to holdfast organelle; Arrowheads in (F) point to symbiotic green algae; Arrowheads in (G) indicating collecting canal; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=100 μm, F=10 μm, G=75 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667276/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">7G</figureCitation>
). Eight to 17 peristomial kineties were observed in peristomial region (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF986433FEF313FE92B9" box="[328,414,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1535,1560]" captionTargetBox="[159,1432,184,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,174,1515]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Line diagrams of S. tartari from life (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E, F). A. Ventral view of a representative specimen; B. Cortical granulation; C. Somatic cilia; D. Body shapes of freely motile and extended cells; E, F. Ventral and dorsal views of infraciliature; Arrowhead in (E) point to basal bodies of somatic cilia. AM, adoral membranelles; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kinety; PM, paroral membrane; SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kinety. Scale bars: A= 100 μm, C=10 μm, E, F=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667274/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF9864D1FEF313AD92B9" box="[426,461,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1516,1541]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,805,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,805,1497]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photomicrographs of S. tartari from life (A–F). A. Ventral view of a representative cell showing body shape, position of contractile vacuole, macronuclear nodules; B, C, D. Indicating buccal and somatic ciliature with cortical granulation; E. Showing specimens attached to debris; F. Squeezed specimen, showing macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; G. Ventral view of a typical specimen, showing contractile vacuole with collecting canal; Arrowheads in (C) point to colorless cortical granules; Arrowheads and double arrowhead in (D) indicating mitochondria (?) and somatic cilia, respectively; Arrowhead in (E inset) points to holdfast organelle; Arrowheads in (F) point to symbiotic green algae; Arrowheads in (G) indicating collecting canal; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=100 μm, F=10 μm, G=75 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667276/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">7B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF9864A3FEF3139A92B9" box="[472,506,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1414,1439]" captionTargetBox="[163,1436,464,1355]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,440,1355]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Photomicrographs of S. tartari after protargol impregnation (A–C). A. Ventral view of voucher specimen; showing nuclear apparatus and symbiotic algae; B. Indicating buccal and ventral somatic ciliature; C. Showing ventral somatic ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; Arrowheads in (A) point to symbiotic green algae after protargol impregnation; Arrowheads in (B) point to rows of somatic cilia; AM, adoral membranelles; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties; PM, paroral membrane; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=50 μm, C=10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667278/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">8B</figureCitation>
) and size of peristomial cilia was similar to the size of somatic cilia. Buccal pouch absent. Adoral zone of membranelles conspicuous consist of 110–180 membranelles (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF98612BFE1716C5929D" box="[1104,1189,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1535,1560]" captionTargetBox="[159,1432,184,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,174,1515]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Line diagrams of S. tartari from life (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E, F). A. Ventral view of a representative specimen; B. Cortical granulation; C. Somatic cilia; D. Body shapes of freely motile and extended cells; E, F. Ventral and dorsal views of infraciliature; Arrowhead in (E) point to basal bodies of somatic cilia. AM, adoral membranelles; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kinety; PM, paroral membrane; SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kinety. Scale bars: A= 100 μm, C=10 μm, E, F=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667274/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF9861CBFE1716B3929D" box="[1200,1235,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1516,1541]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,805,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,805,1497]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photomicrographs of S. tartari from life (A–F). A. Ventral view of a representative cell showing body shape, position of contractile vacuole, macronuclear nodules; B, C, D. Indicating buccal and somatic ciliature with cortical granulation; E. Showing specimens attached to debris; F. Squeezed specimen, showing macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; G. Ventral view of a typical specimen, showing contractile vacuole with collecting canal; Arrowheads in (C) point to colorless cortical granules; Arrowheads and double arrowhead in (D) indicating mitochondria (?) and somatic cilia, respectively; Arrowhead in (E inset) points to holdfast organelle; Arrowheads in (F) point to symbiotic green algae; Arrowheads in (G) indicating collecting canal; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=100 μm, F=10 μm, G=75 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667276/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">7B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF9861A5FE171761929D" box="[1246,1281,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1414,1439]" captionTargetBox="[163,1436,464,1355]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,440,1355]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Photomicrographs of S. tartari after protargol impregnation (A–C). A. Ventral view of voucher specimen; showing nuclear apparatus and symbiotic algae; B. Indicating buccal and ventral somatic ciliature; C. Showing ventral somatic ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; Arrowheads in (A) point to symbiotic green algae after protargol impregnation; Arrowheads in (B) point to rows of somatic cilia; AM, adoral membranelles; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties; PM, paroral membrane; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=50 μm, C=10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667278/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">8B</figureCitation>
). Adoral zone of membranelles surrounds the peristome and finally ends at the buccal cavity (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF98615EFE3B16E092E1" box="[1061,1152,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1516,1541]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,805,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,805,1497]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photomicrographs of S. tartari from life (A–F). A. Ventral view of a representative cell showing body shape, position of contractile vacuole, macronuclear nodules; B, C, D. Indicating buccal and somatic ciliature with cortical granulation; E. Showing specimens attached to debris; F. Squeezed specimen, showing macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; G. Ventral view of a typical specimen, showing contractile vacuole with collecting canal; Arrowheads in (C) point to colorless cortical granules; Arrowheads and double arrowhead in (D) indicating mitochondria (?) and somatic cilia, respectively; Arrowhead in (E inset) points to holdfast organelle; Arrowheads in (F) point to symbiotic green algae; Arrowheads in (G) indicating collecting canal; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=100 μm, F=10 μm, G=75 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667276/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF9861F6FE3B16D392E1" box="[1165,1203,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1414,1439]" captionTargetBox="[163,1436,464,1355]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,440,1355]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Photomicrographs of S. tartari after protargol impregnation (A–C). A. Ventral view of voucher specimen; showing nuclear apparatus and symbiotic algae; B. Indicating buccal and ventral somatic ciliature; C. Showing ventral somatic ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; Arrowheads in (A) point to symbiotic green algae after protargol impregnation; Arrowheads in (B) point to rows of somatic cilia; AM, adoral membranelles; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties; PM, paroral membrane; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=50 μm, C=10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667278/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">8A</figureCitation>
). The longest adoral membranelle, 
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFBAFF98644CFE5F13E192C5" box="[311,385,477,503]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 µm</quantity>
long. The Paroral membrane is typical of the genus, consisted of a single and continuous row of thin cilia, 
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFBAFF98645FFD8213F79129" box="[292,407,512,539]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="20.0">20–35 µm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF9864A5FD8310539129" box="[478,563,513,539]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1535,1560]" captionTargetBox="[159,1432,184,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,174,1515]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Line diagrams of S. tartari from life (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E, F). A. Ventral view of a representative specimen; B. Cortical granulation; C. Somatic cilia; D. Body shapes of freely motile and extended cells; E, F. Ventral and dorsal views of infraciliature; Arrowhead in (E) point to basal bodies of somatic cilia. AM, adoral membranelles; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kinety; PM, paroral membrane; SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kinety. Scale bars: A= 100 μm, C=10 μm, E, F=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667274/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF986745FD8310019129" box="[574,609,513,539]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1414,1439]" captionTargetBox="[163,1436,464,1355]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,440,1355]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Photomicrographs of S. tartari after protargol impregnation (A–C). A. Ventral view of voucher specimen; showing nuclear apparatus and symbiotic algae; B. Indicating buccal and ventral somatic ciliature; C. Showing ventral somatic ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; Arrowheads in (A) point to symbiotic green algae after protargol impregnation; Arrowheads in (B) point to rows of somatic cilia; AM, adoral membranelles; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties; PM, paroral membrane; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=50 μm, C=10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667278/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">8B</figureCitation>
). Nuclear apparatus comprised of 1–5 spherical macronuclear nodules (on average 2), about 
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFBAFF98641FFDA613B8910D" box="[356,472,548,575]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="20.0">20–35 µm</quantity>
in diameter 
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFBAFF986713FDA410DC910D" box="[616,700,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">in vivo,</emphasis>
usually located at the mid-body, however the position of macronuclear nodules is not fixed (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF9864A1FDCB102E9151" box="[474,590,585,611]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1516,1541]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,805,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,805,1497]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photomicrographs of S. tartari from life (A–F). A. Ventral view of a representative cell showing body shape, position of contractile vacuole, macronuclear nodules; B, C, D. Indicating buccal and somatic ciliature with cortical granulation; E. Showing specimens attached to debris; F. Squeezed specimen, showing macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; G. Ventral view of a typical specimen, showing contractile vacuole with collecting canal; Arrowheads in (C) point to colorless cortical granules; Arrowheads and double arrowhead in (D) indicating mitochondria (?) and somatic cilia, respectively; Arrowhead in (E inset) points to holdfast organelle; Arrowheads in (F) point to symbiotic green algae; Arrowheads in (G) indicating collecting canal; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=100 μm, F=10 μm, G=75 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667276/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Fig. 7A, F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF986722FDCB10FF9151" box="[601,671,585,611]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1414,1439]" captionTargetBox="[163,1436,464,1355]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,440,1355]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Photomicrographs of S. tartari after protargol impregnation (A–C). A. Ventral view of voucher specimen; showing nuclear apparatus and symbiotic algae; B. Indicating buccal and ventral somatic ciliature; C. Showing ventral somatic ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; Arrowheads in (A) point to symbiotic green algae after protargol impregnation; Arrowheads in (B) point to rows of somatic cilia; AM, adoral membranelles; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties; PM, paroral membrane; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=50 μm, C=10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667278/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">8A, C</figureCitation>
). Five to 18 spherical micronuclei with a diameter of 
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFBAFF98618FFDCB172B9151" box="[1268,1355,585,611]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 µm</quantity>
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFBAFF98602AFDC817FD9151" box="[1361,1437,586,611]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">in vivo</emphasis>
adjacent to macronuclear nodules (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF986758FDEF101791B5" box="[547,631,621,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1516,1541]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,805,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,805,1497]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photomicrographs of S. tartari from life (A–F). A. Ventral view of a representative cell showing body shape, position of contractile vacuole, macronuclear nodules; B, C, D. Indicating buccal and somatic ciliature with cortical granulation; E. Showing specimens attached to debris; F. Squeezed specimen, showing macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; G. Ventral view of a typical specimen, showing contractile vacuole with collecting canal; Arrowheads in (C) point to colorless cortical granules; Arrowheads and double arrowhead in (D) indicating mitochondria (?) and somatic cilia, respectively; Arrowhead in (E inset) points to holdfast organelle; Arrowheads in (F) point to symbiotic green algae; Arrowheads in (G) indicating collecting canal; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=100 μm, F=10 μm, G=75 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667276/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF9867FFFDEF10C891B5" box="[644,680,621,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1414,1439]" captionTargetBox="[163,1436,464,1355]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,440,1355]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Photomicrographs of S. tartari after protargol impregnation (A–C). A. Ventral view of voucher specimen; showing nuclear apparatus and symbiotic algae; B. Indicating buccal and ventral somatic ciliature; C. Showing ventral somatic ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; Arrowheads in (A) point to symbiotic green algae after protargol impregnation; Arrowheads in (B) point to rows of somatic cilia; AM, adoral membranelles; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties; PM, paroral membrane; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=50 μm, C=10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667278/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">8C</figureCitation>
). Symbiotic algae, 
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFBAFF9866F8FDEF11BB91B5" box="[899,987,621,647]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 µm</quantity>
in diameter 
<emphasis id="B917F86DFFBAFF986117FDEC16D991B5" box="[1132,1209,622,647]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">in vivo</emphasis>
, present throughout body giving it a dark to light green appearance (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF9867CEFD13114D9199" box="[693,813,657,683]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1516,1541]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,805,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,805,1497]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photomicrographs of S. tartari from life (A–F). A. Ventral view of a representative cell showing body shape, position of contractile vacuole, macronuclear nodules; B, C, D. Indicating buccal and somatic ciliature with cortical granulation; E. Showing specimens attached to debris; F. Squeezed specimen, showing macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; G. Ventral view of a typical specimen, showing contractile vacuole with collecting canal; Arrowheads in (C) point to colorless cortical granules; Arrowheads and double arrowhead in (D) indicating mitochondria (?) and somatic cilia, respectively; Arrowhead in (E inset) points to holdfast organelle; Arrowheads in (F) point to symbiotic green algae; Arrowheads in (G) indicating collecting canal; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=100 μm, F=10 μm, G=75 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667276/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Fig. 7A, E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF986642FD13113F9199" box="[825,863,657,683]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1414,1439]" captionTargetBox="[163,1436,464,1355]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,440,1355]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Photomicrographs of S. tartari after protargol impregnation (A–C). A. Ventral view of voucher specimen; showing nuclear apparatus and symbiotic algae; B. Indicating buccal and ventral somatic ciliature; C. Showing ventral somatic ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; Arrowheads in (A) point to symbiotic green algae after protargol impregnation; Arrowheads in (B) point to rows of somatic cilia; AM, adoral membranelles; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties; PM, paroral membrane; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=50 μm, C=10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667278/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">8A</figureCitation>
). Food vacuoles are 
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFBAFF986134FD1216D49199" box="[1103,1204,656,683]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="5.0">5–30 µm</quantity>
in diameter; contain bacteria, diatoms as food (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF9864BBFD37107B91E2" box="[448,539,693,720]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1535,1560]" captionTargetBox="[159,1432,184,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,174,1515]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Line diagrams of S. tartari from life (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E, F). A. Ventral view of a representative specimen; B. Cortical granulation; C. Somatic cilia; D. Body shapes of freely motile and extended cells; E, F. Ventral and dorsal views of infraciliature; Arrowhead in (E) point to basal bodies of somatic cilia. AM, adoral membranelles; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kinety; PM, paroral membrane; SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kinety. Scale bars: A= 100 μm, C=10 μm, E, F=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667274/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Lipid droplets 
<quantity id="4C9B899AFFBAFF9867AEFD36114C91FD" box="[725,812,692,719]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 µm</quantity>
in diameter scattered throughout body. Holdfast organelle present at posterior end of cell (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF986747FD5B10F491C1" box="[572,660,729,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1516,1541]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,805,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,805,1497]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photomicrographs of S. tartari from life (A–F). A. Ventral view of a representative cell showing body shape, position of contractile vacuole, macronuclear nodules; B, C, D. Indicating buccal and somatic ciliature with cortical granulation; E. Showing specimens attached to debris; F. Squeezed specimen, showing macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; G. Ventral view of a typical specimen, showing contractile vacuole with collecting canal; Arrowheads in (C) point to colorless cortical granules; Arrowheads and double arrowhead in (D) indicating mitochondria (?) and somatic cilia, respectively; Arrowhead in (E inset) points to holdfast organelle; Arrowheads in (F) point to symbiotic green algae; Arrowheads in (G) indicating collecting canal; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=100 μm, F=10 μm, G=75 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667276/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
, inset: arrowhead); colored cortical granules densely packed in this region exhibiting a red appearance (
<figureCitation id="135838FAFFBAFF986751FD7F10E49025" box="[554,644,765,791]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1516,1541]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,805,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,805,1497]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Photomicrographs of S. tartari from life (A–F). A. Ventral view of a representative cell showing body shape, position of contractile vacuole, macronuclear nodules; B, C, D. Indicating buccal and somatic ciliature with cortical granulation; E. Showing specimens attached to debris; F. Squeezed specimen, showing macronuclear nodules and micronuclei; G. Ventral view of a typical specimen, showing contractile vacuole with collecting canal; Arrowheads in (C) point to colorless cortical granules; Arrowheads and double arrowhead in (D) indicating mitochondria (?) and somatic cilia, respectively; Arrowhead in (E inset) points to holdfast organelle; Arrowheads in (F) point to symbiotic green algae; Arrowheads in (G) indicating collecting canal; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CG, cortical granules; CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronucleus; MI, micronuclei; PK, peristomial kineties, SC, somatic cilia; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: A=100 μm, F=10 μm, G=75 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3667276/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>