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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.38022" ID-GBIF-Dataset="088c8bf5-09d1-4863-b376-7407db93f7a3" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160140716" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-2-147" ID-Pensoft-UUID="EF5776BCF202539AB883F064A271DC07" ID-ZooBank="1C96C480B8BA4D63BBF468566D57EA73" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:93355D10-1B12-42EA-9907-ED6D43477E92" ModsDocID="1860-1324-2-147" checkinTime="1573015853547" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K." docDate="2019" docId="A1CF27D26DE654A09B78EDDC0FA12289" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 66(2): 147-177" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.38022" docTitle="Tropopterus canaliculus Liebherr, 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="93355D10-1B12-42EA-9907-ED6D43477E92" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="EF5776BCF202539AB883F064A271DC07" lastPageNumber="147" masterDocId="EF5776BCF202539AB883F064A271DC07" masterDocTitle="Revision of Tropopterus Solier: A disjunct South American component of the Australo-Pacific Moriomorphini (Coleoptera, Carabidae)" masterLastPageNumber="177" masterPageNumber="147" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" updateTime="1643452478361" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revision of Tropopterus Solier: A disjunct South American component of the Australo-Pacific Moriomorphini (Coleoptera, Carabidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>66</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>147</mods:start>
<mods:end>177</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.38022</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.38022</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-1324-2-147</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">1C96C480B8BA4D63BBF468566D57EA73</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">EF5776BCF202539AB883F064A271DC07</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="160140716" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:93355D10-1B12-42EA-9907-ED6D43477E92" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A1CF27D26DE654A09B78EDDC0FA12289" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
5.
<taxonomicName LSID="A1CF27D2-6DE6-54A0-9B78-EDDC0FA12289" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropopterus canaliculus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canaliculus">Tropopterus canaliculus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="147">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tropopterus spp., dorsal view; range of standardized body lengths in mm. A. T. montagnei female; Petorca Prov., Q. Tigre Zapallar, Catapilco (MNHN). B. T. giraudyi female; Valdivia Prov., Chaihuin (EMEC). C. T. peckorum male; Quillota Prov., P. N. La Campana (FMNH). D. T. robustus female; Malleco Prov., M. N. Contulmo (FMNH). E. T. canaliculus female; Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). F. T. duponchelii male; Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354024" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure1">Figures 1E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male aedeagal median lobe, left view, and antecostal apodeme and tergite of abdominal IX, dorsal view. A-D. T. canaliculus; Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta. A, B. (FMNH). C, D. (OSAC). E-G. T. duponchelii; Arauco Prov., Caramavida. E. (NMNH). F-G. (MCZ). For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354027" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure4">
4
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paired sets of left parameres (above) and right parmeres (below), ectal view, for male specimens of Tropopterus spp. Parameres are in anatomically correct orientation with ventral surface toward bottom of drawing. A, B. T. giraudyi. A. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). B. Chili, &quot; Tropopterus nitidus Sol. &quot; [sic], Chaudoir Coll. (MNHN). C. T. peckorum; Quillota Prov., P. N. La Campana (FMNH). D, E. T. robustus. D. Malleco Prov., P. N. Contulmo (CMNH). E. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (CAS). F, G. T. canaliculus. F. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). G. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (NMNH). H-I. T. duponchelii. H. Talca Prov., Altos de Vilches (MNHN). I. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). J, K. T. minimucro. J. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (EMEC). K. Llanquihue Prov. P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). L. T. fieldianus; Valdivia, La Union (FSCA)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354029" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6">6F, G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female reproductive tract and gonocoxae of abdominal segment IX, ventral view. A. T. montagnei; Petorca Prov., Q. Tigre Zapallar, Catapilco (MNHN). Spermatheca disassociated from bursal assemblage. B. T. giraudyi; Llanquihue Prov., P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). C. T. robustus; Malleco Prov., M. N. Contulmo (FMNH). D. T. canaliculus; Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). E. T. duponchelii; Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). F. T. minimucro; Valdivia Prov., P. N. Oncol (EMEC). For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1. Vertical scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354030" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure7">7D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Left gonocoxa (except where noted), ventral view, for Tropopterus spp. Specimen information is parallel to that in Figure 7 A-F. For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1. A. T. montagnei. B. T. giraudyi. C. T. robustus. D. T. canaliculus. E. T. duponchelii. F. T. minimucro (right gonocoxa)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354031" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure8">8D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A-I. Geographic distributions of Tropopterus spp. A. T. montagnei. B. T. giraudyi. C. T. peckorum. D. T. robustus. E. T. canaliculus. F. T. duponchelii. G. T. trisinuatus. H. T. minimucro. I. T. fieldianus. J. Geographical distributions of Tropopterus spp., labeled as per figures above, hierarchically arranged by phylogenetic relationships of the taxon cladogram, Fig. 10." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354032" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure9">9E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Cladogram returned under all cladistic protocols described in text; tree length = 97, CI = 57, RI = 47, fast character optimization shown. Outgroup choice of Pharetis thayerae based on results in Liebherr (2020). Geographic region abbreviations after taxon name include: eastern Australia (EOZ); Santiagan entomofaunal province (San); Northern Valdivian entomofaunal province (NV); Southern Valdivian Entomofaunal province (SV)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354033" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure10">10</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Diagnosis</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">n</emphasis>
= 5). Both this species and
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. duponchelii" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="duponchelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. duponchelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibit subparallel elytra with the sutural stria represented by a series of isolated punctures on the disc, and the second stria much reduced though still visible as a series of minute punctures (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tropopterus spp., dorsal view; range of standardized body lengths in mm. A. T. montagnei female; Petorca Prov., Q. Tigre Zapallar, Catapilco (MNHN). B. T. giraudyi female; Valdivia Prov., Chaihuin (EMEC). C. T. peckorum male; Quillota Prov., P. N. La Campana (FMNH). D. T. robustus female; Malleco Prov., M. N. Contulmo (FMNH). E. T. canaliculus female; Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). F. T. duponchelii male; Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354024" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure1">Fig. 1E, F</figureCitation>
). Individuals of
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. canaliculus" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="canaliculus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. canaliculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with more reduced second elytral striae could be confused with those of
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. minimucro" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="minimucro">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. minimucro</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however, that species is characterized by the absence of a basal elytral groove, the elytral surface smoothly convex inside the humeral tooth at the anterior end of the lateral marginal depression (compare
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tropopterus spp., dorsal view; range of standardized body lengths in mm. A. T. montagnei female; Petorca Prov., Q. Tigre Zapallar, Catapilco (MNHN). B. T. giraudyi female; Valdivia Prov., Chaihuin (EMEC). C. T. peckorum male; Quillota Prov., P. N. La Campana (FMNH). D. T. robustus female; Malleco Prov., M. N. Contulmo (FMNH). E. T. canaliculus female; Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). F. T. duponchelii male; Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354024" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure1">Figs 1E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tropopterus spp., dorsal view; range of standardized body lengths in mm. A. T. trisinuatus female; Cautin Prov., Villarrica (CAS). B. T. minimucro female; Valdivia Prov., P. N. Oncol (OSAC). C. T. fieldianus male; Osorno Prov., Maicolpue (FMNH)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354025" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure2">2B</figureCitation>
). Compared to
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. duponchelii" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="duponchelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. duponchelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. canaliculus" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="canaliculus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. canaliculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be characterized by the prosternum bearing a median, canaliculate depression that extends from the ventral face of the prosternal projection 2/3 the distance toward the anterior pronotal margin, whereas the prosternum of
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. duponchelii" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="duponchelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. duponchelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is medially flattened to broadly depressed, not narrowly canaliculate. The two species can also be told by individuals of
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. canaliculus" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="canaliculus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. canaliculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibiting a narrower pronotum (MPW/PL = 1.20-1.25 versus 1.25-1.32 for
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. duponchelii" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="duponchelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. duponchelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and a glossier upper body surface.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropopterus canaliculus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canaliculus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Tropopterus canaliculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the vertex glossy with indistinct transverse sculpticells over portions of the surface, the pronotum also glossy, and the elytral disc glossy with indistinct transverse sculpticells visible near depressed portions of the surface such as the strial punctures, and minute micropunctures regularly distributed across the glossy surface. The dorsal microsculpture of
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. duponchelii" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="duponchelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. duponchelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is much more developed, with both the pronotum and elytra bearing dense transverse lines that cause iridescence of the latter. In this species the pronotum is sparsely punctate in the laterobasal depressions and lateral portions of the median base, versus smooth in
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. duponchelii" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="duponchelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. duponchelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the anterior pronotal margin is completely beaded, versus smooth and unmargined across the median half in
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. duponchelii" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="duponchelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. duponchelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The standardized body length = 5.8-7.5 mm; a smaller though not diagnostic range of sizes compared to
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. duponchelii" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="duponchelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. duponchelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
Head capsule broad basally, eyes moderately convex, ocular ratio 1.40-1.50; eyes covering much of abruptly protruded ocular lobe, ocular lobe ratio 0.85-0.90; horizontal diameter of eye crossing 25 ommatidia; antennomeres moderately elongate, length of antennomere 9 2.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
maximal diameter; mandibles moderately elongate, distance from anterior condyle to apex of left mandible 1.81
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
distance from condyle to lateroapical margin of labrum; mentum basal breadth 2.86
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length from lateral apex to base, deep paramedial pits laterad base of mentum tooth; ligular apex broad, truncate, two setae separated by four setal diameters; paraglossae extended as far beyond ligular margin as distance from their base to ligular margin. Pronotal lateral margins convex, hind angles distinctly denticulate; basal margin with complete marginal bead, median base sparsely punctate across breadth, the punctures continuing across laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression with lenticular depression at front of median base, narrow and deep on disc; anterior transverse impression broad and shallow medially, traceable to front angles, anterior callosity broadly convex; anterior margin completely beaded, the bead continuous medially; front angle slightly protruded, right angled; lateral marginal depression very narrow in apical half, broadened from lateral seta to laterobasal depression; lateral seta separated from lateral marginal depression by the diameter of setal articulatory socket; laterobasal depression rugosely punctate, surface upraised in middle of depression; surface of proepisternum slightly irregular, as if beaten by a ball-peen hammer. Elytra broad, sides subparallel, humeri broad; basal groove deep, continuous from anterad parascutellar seta to tightly rounded humeral angle; parascutellar striole absent, sutural stria reaching basal margin mesad parascutellar seta; sutural stria a series of isolated punctures on disc, continuous and smooth apically, the striae of both elytra bordering upraised sutural callus associated with conjoined elytra; surface of elytra depressed mesad subapical and apical elytral setae; stria 8 continuous throughout length; lateral marginal depression broad, lined with transverse sculpticells; subapical sinuation broad, moderately excavated, elytral plica evident in dorsolateral view. Mesepisternum with broad vertical depression lined with ~8 punctures in 2 or 3 vertical rows; metasternal process narrowly rounded apically, apex broadly and sides more narrowly upraised; metepisternum somewhat elongate, maximal width 0.78
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
lateral length. Abdomen with ventrites 3-6 broadly depressed laterally, suture between ventrites 1 and 2 nearly straight, ventrite 2 depressed within slight sinuation; anterior margins of ventrites 4-6 depressed, intersegmental membranes punctate; apical female abdominal ventrite with 2 setae each side, plus a median group of two to four setae, subequal in length; if two nearly in line with lateral setae, if four aligned in an apically broader trapezoid. Coloration of dorsal body surface subtly tricolored, head and pronotum dark rufous, elytra darker, rufopiceous, elytral lateral marginal depressions translucent rufobrunneous; antennae, mouthparts, and legs rufobrunneous; ventral body surface rufopiceous, apex of elytral epipleuron slightly paler, apex of abdominal ventrite 6 narrowly paler to concolorous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
Male genitalia (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">n</emphasis>
= 8). Aedeagal median lobe broad dorsoventrally, but with sclerotized ventral surface of shaft narrow and terminated in a narrow, smooth, spoon-like apex (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male aedeagal median lobe, left view, and antecostal apodeme and tergite of abdominal IX, dorsal view. A-D. T. canaliculus; Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta. A, B. (FMNH). C, D. (OSAC). E-G. T. duponchelii; Arauco Prov., Caramavida. E. (NMNH). F-G. (MCZ). For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354027" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure4">Fig. 4A, C</figureCitation>
); internal sac with flagellum small, apical. Antecostal apodeme of abdominal IX broadly angulate distally, the short distal extension very broad (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male aedeagal median lobe, left view, and antecostal apodeme and tergite of abdominal IX, dorsal view. A-D. T. canaliculus; Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta. A, B. (FMNH). C, D. (OSAC). E-G. T. duponchelii; Arauco Prov., Caramavida. E. (NMNH). F-G. (MCZ). For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354027" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure4">Fig. 4B, D</figureCitation>
). Right paramere of variable length, length not associated with length of left paramere (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paired sets of left parameres (above) and right parmeres (below), ectal view, for male specimens of Tropopterus spp. Parameres are in anatomically correct orientation with ventral surface toward bottom of drawing. A, B. T. giraudyi. A. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). B. Chili, &quot; Tropopterus nitidus Sol. &quot; [sic], Chaudoir Coll. (MNHN). C. T. peckorum; Quillota Prov., P. N. La Campana (FMNH). D, E. T. robustus. D. Malleco Prov., P. N. Contulmo (CMNH). E. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (CAS). F, G. T. canaliculus. F. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). G. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (NMNH). H-I. T. duponchelii. H. Talca Prov., Altos de Vilches (MNHN). I. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). J, K. T. minimucro. J. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (EMEC). K. Llanquihue Prov. P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). L. T. fieldianus; Valdivia, La Union (FSCA)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354029" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6">Fig. 6F, G</figureCitation>
), ranging from shorter and broader to more elongate with an attenuated apical extension, the ventral surface bearing from 8-20 setae, two longer setae present near or at apex; left paramere much broader basally, with apical extension ranging from an evenly narrowed projection (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paired sets of left parameres (above) and right parmeres (below), ectal view, for male specimens of Tropopterus spp. Parameres are in anatomically correct orientation with ventral surface toward bottom of drawing. A, B. T. giraudyi. A. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). B. Chili, &quot; Tropopterus nitidus Sol. &quot; [sic], Chaudoir Coll. (MNHN). C. T. peckorum; Quillota Prov., P. N. La Campana (FMNH). D, E. T. robustus. D. Malleco Prov., P. N. Contulmo (CMNH). E. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (CAS). F, G. T. canaliculus. F. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). G. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (NMNH). H-I. T. duponchelii. H. Talca Prov., Altos de Vilches (MNHN). I. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). J, K. T. minimucro. J. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (EMEC). K. Llanquihue Prov. P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). L. T. fieldianus; Valdivia, La Union (FSCA)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354029" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
) to a narrow, parallel digitiform extension (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paired sets of left parameres (above) and right parmeres (below), ectal view, for male specimens of Tropopterus spp. Parameres are in anatomically correct orientation with ventral surface toward bottom of drawing. A, B. T. giraudyi. A. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). B. Chili, &quot; Tropopterus nitidus Sol. &quot; [sic], Chaudoir Coll. (MNHN). C. T. peckorum; Quillota Prov., P. N. La Campana (FMNH). D, E. T. robustus. D. Malleco Prov., P. N. Contulmo (CMNH). E. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (CAS). F, G. T. canaliculus. F. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). G. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (NMNH). H-I. T. duponchelii. H. Talca Prov., Altos de Vilches (MNHN). I. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). J, K. T. minimucro. J. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (EMEC). K. Llanquihue Prov. P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). L. T. fieldianus; Valdivia, La Union (FSCA)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354029" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
), two longer setae present at apex, plus a variable number of subapical and ventral setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
Female reproductive tract (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">n</emphasis>
= 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, broadly rounded apically, length 1.75
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
breadth, compressed under microslide cover slip (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female reproductive tract and gonocoxae of abdominal segment IX, ventral view. A. T. montagnei; Petorca Prov., Q. Tigre Zapallar, Catapilco (MNHN). Spermatheca disassociated from bursal assemblage. B. T. giraudyi; Llanquihue Prov., P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). C. T. robustus; Malleco Prov., M. N. Contulmo (FMNH). D. T. canaliculus; Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). E. T. duponchelii; Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). F. T. minimucro; Valdivia Prov., P. N. Oncol (EMEC). For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1. Vertical scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354030" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure7">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
), bursal walls thin, nearly transparent; spermatheca globose; spermathecal gland elongate-ovoid; spermathecal gland duct entering spermathecal duct basad spermathecal reservoir; basal gonocoxite 1 with one large apical fringe seta, a second small seta also present unilaterally (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Left gonocoxa (except where noted), ventral view, for Tropopterus spp. Specimen information is parallel to that in Figure 7 A-F. For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1. A. T. montagnei. B. T. giraudyi. C. T. robustus. D. T. canaliculus. E. T. duponchelii. F. T. minimucro (right gonocoxa)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354031" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure8">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
); apical gonocoxite 2 falciform, base extended laterally, with two lateral ensiform setae, one dorsal ensiform setae, and two apical nematiform setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
Holotype male dissected (CAS): Crest of Sierra / Nahuelbuta / Elev. 1200 m // W. of Angol / CHILE, I-3-51 // Ross and / Michelbacher / Collectors // dissection vial // Tropopterus / canaliculus / Liebherr ♂4 // HOLOTYPE / Tropopterus / canaliculus / J.K. Liebherr 2019 (black-margined red label). The type locality is in Malleco Prov., with geographic coordinates estimated to be
<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="47.76" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-37.796">37°47.76'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="02.27" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.037834">73°02.27'W</geoCoordinate>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
Paratypes. Chile: Arauco Prov., San Alfonso, Caramavida, above,
<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="42.75" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-37.7125">37°42.75'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="09.00" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.15">73°09.00'W</geoCoordinate>
, 16-17-x-1969, Flint &amp; Barria (NMNH, 1). Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta, lot DRM 06.046, DRM DNA2200,
<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="48.98" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-37.816334">37°48.98'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="05.7" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-73.095">73°05.7'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1312 m el., 7-i-2006, Maddison (OSAC, 1), Los Portones entrance, 4.5 km W, emergent
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Nothofagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.,
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Araucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Araucaria aurucana" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aurucana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Araucaria aurucana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Chusquea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chusquea" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Chusquea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
understory, lot 975, pyr.-fogging old logs,
<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="49.25" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-37.820835">37°49.25'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="59.82" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.997">72°59.82'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1300 m el., 7-ii-1997, Newton &amp; Thayer (FMNH etoh, 1), Guarderia Pichinahuel, E of,
<taxonomicName genus="Araucaria-Nothofagus" lsidName="Araucaria-Nothofagus dombeyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="dombeyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Araucaria-Nothofagus dombeyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
w/
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Chusquea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chusquea" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Chusquea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bamboo, lot 1054, in rotten logs,
<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="48.20" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-37.803333">37°48.20'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="01.41" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.0235">73°01.41'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1290 m el., 7-xii-2002, Clarke &amp; Solodovnikov (FMNH, 5), lot 1054, pyr. fogging live
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Araucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Araucaria" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Araucaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="48.20" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-37.803333">37°48.20'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="01.41" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.0235">73°01.41'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1290 m el., 24-xii-2002, Newton &amp; Solodovnikov (FMNH, 1), lot 1054, FMHD#2002-094, Berlese debris under bark large
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Araucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Araucaria" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Araucaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
log,
<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="48.20" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-37.803333">37°48.20'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="01.41" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.0235">73°01.41'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1290 m el., 24-xii-2002, Newton &amp; Solodovnikov (FMNH, 4), Los Portones entrance, 2.3 km W,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus dombeyi" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dombeyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Nothofagus dombeyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName lsidName="antarctica" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="antarctica">? antarctica</taxonomicName>
, mostly open understory, lot 1057, pyr. fogging old
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Nothofagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
logs,
<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="49.41" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-37.8235">37°49.41'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="58.95" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.9825">72°58.95'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1150 m el., 25-xii-2002, Newton, Thayer &amp; Chani (FMNH, 6).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
The species epithet
<taxonomicName lsidName="canaliculus" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="canaliculus">canaliculus</taxonomicName>
references the narrow, deep median prosternal depression present in these beetles. The epithet is to be treated as a noun.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
This species' distribution lies near 38°S (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A-I. Geographic distributions of Tropopterus spp. A. T. montagnei. B. T. giraudyi. C. T. peckorum. D. T. robustus. E. T. canaliculus. F. T. duponchelii. G. T. trisinuatus. H. T. minimucro. I. T. fieldianus. J. Geographical distributions of Tropopterus spp., labeled as per figures above, hierarchically arranged by phylogenetic relationships of the taxon cladogram, Fig. 10." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354032" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure9">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
) in the Northern Valdivian entomofaunal province (
<bibRefCitation author="O'Brien, CW" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="197 - 207" refId="B53" refString="O'Brien, CW, 1971. The biogeography of Chile through entomofaunal regions. Entomological News 82: 197 - 207" title="The biogeography of Chile through entomofaunal regions." volume="82" year="1971">
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Brien">O'Brien</normalizedToken>
1971
</bibRefCitation>
). Most records are from forest-floor microhabitats, either by pyrethrin fogging of old, rotten
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Nothofagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
logs, or in Berlese siftate from under bark of a large
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Araucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Araucaria" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Araucaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
log. One specimen was collected via pyrethrin spraying onto a live
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Araucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Araucaria" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Araucaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trunk. This species was collected with
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Anaballetus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anaballetus chilensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Anaballetus chilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at two sites (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/aemnp-2017-0061" author="Newton, AF" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="121 - 140" refId="B49" refString="Newton, AF, Svec, Z, Fikacek, M, 2017. A new genus and two new species of Leiodinae from Chile, with keys to world genera of Sogdini and Leiodinae from Chile and Argentina (Coleoptera: Leiodidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 57: 121 - 140" title="A new genus and two new species of Leiodinae from Chile, with keys to world genera of Sogdini and Leiodinae from Chile and Argentina (Coleoptera: Leiodidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/aemnp-2017-0061" volume="57" year="2017">Newton et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
: Chile: Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta, 2.3 km W Los Portones entrance, FMNH, and P. N. Nahuelbuta, E of Guarderia Pichinahuel, FMNH).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354033" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Figure 10.</emphasis>
Cladogram returned under all cladistic protocols described in text; tree length = 97, CI = 57, RI = 47, fast character optimization shown. Outgroup choice of
<taxonomicName authority="Liebherr, 2020" authorityName="Liebherr" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pharetis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pharetis thayerae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thayerae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Pharetis thayerae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on results in
<bibRefCitation author="Liebherr, JK" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" refId="B39" refString="Liebherr, JK, 2020. Phylogenetic placement of the Australian Pharetis, gen. nov. and Spherita, gen. nov., in a revised classification of the circum-Antarctic Moriomorphini (Coleoptera : Carabidae). Invertebrate Systematics. [in press]" title="Phylogenetic placement of the Australian Pharetis, gen. nov. and Spherita, gen. nov., in a revised classification of the circum-Antarctic Moriomorphini (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Invertebrate Systematics. [in press]" year="2020">Liebherr (2020)</bibRefCitation>
. Geographic region abbreviations after taxon name include: eastern Australia (EOZ); Santiagan entomofaunal province (San); Northern Valdivian entomofaunal province (NV); Southern Valdivian Entomofaunal province (SV).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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