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<document id="71640FEBDEF95C8074F7668E7DD45E6B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4012.1.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4c0d8376-71b9-42d1-8dbc-08e0ff16338a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="244632" ID-ZooBank="55822610-6FE6-4218-A412-A080F3218F51" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461239579310" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Keith, Denis, Sabatinelli, Guido &amp; Uliana, Marco" docDate="2015" docId="03DA87884C35FFEAFF0FB097FBAE6F34" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04012p180.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4012 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pharaonus (Tamerlanius) Keith, Sabatinelli" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="177" masterDocId="FFE3FFF04C3FFFE0FF98B26BFF826853" masterDocTitle="Synopsis of the genus Pharaonus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae), with descriptions of new taxa" masterLastPageNumber="180" masterPageNumber="167" pageNumber="177" updateTime="1698605019073" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="8A86960380B8D7138FC01F9C9110EA54">Synopsis of the genus Pharaonus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae), with descriptions of new taxa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="613631E1A6A71C32158888ED4725DAB1">Keith, Denis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CC7C62C951CFF71F06B7C63E36A5682F">Sabatinelli, Guido</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="85C6C63250C1E7465E4DC86AAEFC67B1">Uliana, Marco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="63483CAE7D648C057DBE96871C4D93F7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FE7CFBCBE714C82A510CB874847DDE76">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5B28FECFAD2B095FF8BF8EE981474B6B">4012</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03DA87884C35FFEAFF0FB097FBAE6F34" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5694712" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119632621" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5694712" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87884C35FFEAFF0FB097FBAE6F34" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87884C35FFEAFF0FB097FBAE6F34" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">
<subSubSection id="C36965154C35FFEAFF0FB097FB076B45" box="[151,1157,764,790]" pageId="10" pageNumber="177" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCC369E4C35FFEAFF0FB097FB076B45" blockId="10.[151,1157,764,790]" box="[151,1157,764,790]" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">
<heading id="D08481F24C35FFEAFF0FB097FB076B45" bold="true" box="[151,1157,764,790]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="177" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B907EA8C4C35FFEAFF0FB097FB076B45" bold="true" box="[151,1157,764,790]" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">
Subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C734D1D4C35FFEAFE8FB097FCB06B45" authority="Keith, Sabatinelli" authorityName="Keith, Sabatinelli" box="[279,818,764,790]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Pharaonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Tamerlanius">
<emphasis id="B907EA8C4C35FFEAFE8FB097FE1F6B45" bold="true" box="[279,413,764,790]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Pharaonus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B907EA8C4C35FFEAFE35B097FDC16B45" bold="true" box="[429,579,764,790]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Tamerlanius</emphasis>
) Keith, Sabatinelli
</taxonomicName>
, and Uliana, new subgenus
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36965154C35FFEAFF0FB129FCA66B0B" box="[151,804,834,856]" pageId="10" pageNumber="177" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCC369E4C35FFEAFF0FB129FCA66B0B" blockId="10.[151,804,834,856]" box="[151,804,834,856]" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="B907EA8C4C35FFEAFF0FB129FEA06B0B" bold="true" box="[151,290,834,856]" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">
<typeStatus id="54C8883C4C35FFEAFF0FB129FF4E6B0B" box="[151,204,834,856]" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C734D1D4C35FFEAFEB1B129FDFB6B0B" authority="Reitter, 1888" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1888" box="[297,633,834,856]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Phyllopertha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lederi">
<emphasis id="B907EA8C4C35FFEAFEB1B129FE6D6B0B" box="[297,495,834,856]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Phyllopertha lederi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B6F4C35FFEAFE6DB129FDFB6B0B" author="Reitter" box="[501,633,834,856]" pageId="10" pageNumber="177" refString="Reitter, E. (1888) Ubersicht der Arten der Coleopteren-Gattung Phyllopertha Kirby aus Europa, den angrenzenden Landern, Sibirien mit Central-Asien. Entomologische Nachrichten, 14, 289 - 294." type="journal article" year="1888">Reitter, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
here designated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36965154C35FFEAFF0FB1EEFE7C6EE6" pageId="10" pageNumber="177" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCC369E4C35FFEAFF0FB1EEFAAF6C5A" blockId="10.[151,1436,901,1070]" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="B907EA8C4C35FFEAFF0FB1EEFEAB6BCD" bold="true" box="[151,297,901,926]" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Description.</emphasis>
Clypeus flat, with the anterior margin bordered but not raised, sides convergent forwards with anterior angles obtuse. Labrum visible from above. Males with short antennal club, 1.2–1.3 times as long as the rest of the antenna. In males, internal (main) claw of the prolegs broad, subrectangular, with truncate apex (
<figureCitation id="13482A1B4C35FFEAFADFB1A6FA0D6BB5" box="[1351,1423,973,998]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[250,1348,1407,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[229,1358,1399,1705]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. Proclaws in Pharaonus (Pharaonus) (1) and in Pharaonus (Tamerlanius) (2)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244633/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Aedeagus large (parameres size greater than
<quantity id="4C8B9B7B4C35FFEAFD15B199FD506C59" box="[653,722,1010,1034]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="177" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
), bearing 2 ventral apophyses between the parameres.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC369E4C35FFEAFF5FB67EFAB56C7D" blockId="10.[151,1436,901,1070]" box="[199,1335,1045,1070]" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">
Detailed morphometrical data and comparisons with the subgenus
<emphasis id="B907EA8C4C35FFEAFC29B67EFBAE6C7D" box="[945,1068,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Pharanous</emphasis>
are reported in
<tableCitation id="C6F103254C35FFEAFB45B67EFAB36C7D" box="[1245,1329,1045,1070]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="10.[151,239,1117,1140]" captionTargetBox="[159,1422,1168,1546]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 1. Diagnostic characters between the subgenera Pharaonus and Tamerlanius." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0C66164C35FFEAFF0FB636FBA96C27" pageId="10" pageNumber="177" tableUuid="DF0C66164C35FFEAFF0FB636FBA96C27">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0C66164C35FFEAFF0FB636FBA96C27" ID-Table-UUID="DF0C66164C35FFEAFF0FB636FBA96C27" box="[151,1067,1117,1140]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0C66164C35FFEAFF0FB636FBA96C27" pageId="10" pageNumber="177" targetBox="[159,1422,1168,1546]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BCC369E4C35FFEAFF0FB636FBA96C27" blockId="10.[151,1067,1117,1140]" box="[151,1067,1117,1140]" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="B907EA8C4C35FFEAFF0FB636FE886C27" bold="true" box="[151,266,1117,1140]" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Diagnostic characters between the subgenera
<taxonomicName id="4C734D1D4C35FFEAFD6FB636FCEE6C27" box="[759,876,1117,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Pharaonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EA8C4C35FFEAFD6FB636FCEE6C27" box="[759,876,1117,1140]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Pharaonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and Tamerlanius.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCC369E4C35FFEAFDB4B6FAFBB16E59" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">
<table id="F973C43E4C35001FFF07B6FBFA0C6E59" box="[159,1422,1168,1546]" gridcols="3" gridrows="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">
<tr id="354334DC4C35001FFF07B6FBFA0C6CF5" box="[159,1422,1168,1190]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="177" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76925DA04C35001FFDB4B6FBFC416CF5" box="[556,963,1168,1190]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="B907EA8C4C35FFEAFDB4B6FAFDBF6CF5" box="[556,573,1169,1190]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">P.</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C734D1D4C35FFEAFDD5B6FBFD3E6CF5" box="[589,700,1168,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Pharaonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EA8C4C35FFEAFDD5B6FBFD3E6CF5" box="[589,700,1168,1190]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Pharaonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</th>
<th id="76925DA04C35001FFC70B6FBFA0C6CF5" box="[1000,1422,1168,1190]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="B907EA8C4C35FFEAFC70B6FAFC786CF5" box="[1000,1018,1169,1190]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B907EA8C4C35FFEAFB91B6FBFB056CF5" box="[1033,1159,1168,1190]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Tamerlanius</emphasis>
)
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354334DC4C35001FFF07B6D5FA0C6CA0" box="[159,1422,1214,1267]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">
<th id="76925DA04C35001FFF07B6D5FE616CA0" box="[159,483,1214,1267]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Clypeus shape</th>
<td id="76925DA04C35001FFDB4B6D5FC416CA0" box="[556,963,1214,1267]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Margins distinctly raised. Sides parallel, anterior angles rounded but right.</td>
<td id="76925DA04C35001FFC70B6D5FA0C6CA0" box="[1000,1422,1214,1267]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Flat, margins bordered but not raised. Sides convergent, anterior angles obtuse.</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334DC4C35001FFF07B76DFA0C6D4F" box="[159,1422,1286,1308]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">
<th id="76925DA04C35001FFF07B76DFE616D4F" box="[159,483,1286,1308]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Male antenna: ratio club/funicle</th>
<td id="76925DA04C35001FFDB4B76DFC416D4F" box="[556,963,1286,1308]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">1.74–2.32</td>
<td id="76925DA04C35001FFC70B76DFA0C6D4F" box="[1000,1422,1286,1308]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">1.18–1.30</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334DC4C35001FFF07B75EFA0C6D39" box="[159,1422,1333,1386]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">
<th id="76925DA04C35001FFF07B75EFE616D39" box="[159,483,1333,1386]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Main claw of the proleg, shape</th>
<td id="76925DA04C35001FFDB4B75EFC416D39" box="[556,963,1333,1386]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Narrow, with sharp apex (Fig. 1)</td>
<td id="76925DA04C35001FFC70B75EFA0C6D39" box="[1000,1422,1333,1386]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Broad, subrectangular, with truncate apex (Fig. 2)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334DC4C35001FFF07B716FA0C6DE1" box="[159,1422,1405,1458]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">
<th id="76925DA04C35001FFF07B716FE616DE1" box="[159,483,1405,1458]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Parameres: ratio length parameres/length body</th>
<td id="76925DA04C35001FFDB4B716FC416DE1" box="[556,963,1405,1458]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">0.07–0.10</td>
<td id="76925DA04C35001FFC70B716FA0C6DE1" box="[1000,1422,1405,1458]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">0.18–0.22</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334DC4C35001FFF07B7AEFA0C6D88" box="[159,1422,1477,1499]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">
<th id="76925DA04C35001FFF07B7AEFE616D88" box="[159,483,1477,1499]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Parameres: length (mm)</th>
<td id="76925DA04C35001FFDB4B7AEFC416D88" box="[556,963,1477,1499]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">0.58–0.90</td>
<td id="76925DA04C35001FFC70B7AEFA0C6D88" box="[1000,1422,1477,1499]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">1.40–2.13</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354334DC4C35001FFF07B79FFA0C6E59" box="[159,1422,1524,1546]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">
<th id="76925DA04C35001FFF07B79FFE616E59" box="[159,483,1524,1546]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Aedeagus, ventral apophyses</th>
<td id="76925DA04C35001FFDB4B79FFC416E59" box="[556,963,1524,1546]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Absent</td>
<td id="76925DA04C35001FFC70B79FFA0C6E59" box="[1000,1422,1524,1546]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Present</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC369E4C35FFEAFF5FB43FFB406E3F" blockId="10.[151,1436,1620,1896]" box="[199,1218,1620,1645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="B907EA8C4C35FFEAFF5FB43FFE116E3E" bold="true" box="[199,403,1620,1645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Species included.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C734D1D4C35FFEAFE02B43FFC8D6E3F" authority="Reitter, 1888" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1888" box="[410,783,1620,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Phyllopertha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lederi">
<emphasis id="B907EA8C4C35FFEAFE02B43FFDF66E3E" box="[410,628,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Phyllopertha lederi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B6F4C35FFEAFDE3B43FFC8D6E3F" author="Reitter" box="[635,783,1620,1645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="177" refString="Reitter, E. (1888) Ubersicht der Arten der Coleopteren-Gattung Phyllopertha Kirby aus Europa, den angrenzenden Landern, Sibirien mit Central-Asien. Entomologische Nachrichten, 14, 289 - 294." type="journal article" year="1888">Reitter, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C734D1D4C35FFEAFC83B43FFB3C6E3F" authority="Reitter, 1887" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1887" box="[795,1214,1620,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Phyllopertha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semenowi">
<emphasis id="B907EA8C4C35FFEAFC83B43FFBA06E3F" box="[795,1058,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Phyllopertha semenowi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B6F4C35FFEAFBB2B43FFB3C6E3F" author="Reitter" box="[1066,1214,1620,1645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="177" refString="Reitter, E. (1887) Neue Coleopteren aus Europa, den angrenzenden Landern und Sibirien, mit Bemerkungen uber bekannte Arten. Vierter Theil. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 31, 497 - 528." type="journal article" year="1887">Reitter, 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC369E4C35FFEAFF5FB41CFE7C6EE6" blockId="10.[151,1436,1620,1896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="B907EA8C4C35FFEAFF5FB41CFEDF6EC3" bold="true" box="[199,349,1655,1680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Ethymology.</emphasis>
From Tamerlane, historically known as Timur, the founder of the Timurid empire, in whose area this generic taxon is distributed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36965154C35FFEAFF5FB4D4FBAE6F34" pageId="10" pageNumber="177" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCC369E4C35FFEAFF5FB4D4FC366F4C" blockId="10.[151,1436,1620,1896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="B907EA8C4C35FFEAFF5FB4D4FECE6E8B" bold="true" box="[199,332,1727,1752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Discussion.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B907EA8C4C35FFEAFECCB4D4FE5D6E8B" box="[340,479,1727,1752]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Tamerlanius</emphasis>
is given a subgeneric rank as a conservative approach due to the lack of information on
<taxonomicName id="4C734D1D4C35FFEAFF25B48FFEA86EAE" box="[189,298,1764,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Popilliina">Popilliina</taxonomicName>
phylogeny. The considerable differences in the aedeagic structure may eventually support generic assignment, but this is better evaluated in a broader taxonomic context.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC369E4C35FFEAFF5FB547FBAE6F34" blockId="10.[151,1436,1620,1896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">
The distribution of
<emphasis id="B907EA8C4C35FFEAFE39B547FDAE6F16" box="[417,556,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Tamerlanius</emphasis>
is limited to central Asia and is well separated from that of the nominotypical subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C734D1D4C35FFEAFE9EB524FE036F3B" box="[262,385,1871,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Pharaonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EA8C4C35FFEAFE9EB524FE036F3B" box="[262,385,1871,1896]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Pharaonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which occurs from North Africa to
<collectingCountry id="F364760E4C35FFEAFC84B53BFCCB6F34" box="[796,841,1872,1895]" name="Iran" pageId="10" pageNumber="177">Iran</collectingCountry>
through the Levant.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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