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310 lines
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<document id="DB58E57C94E0C38EE3F22629BF3B3737" ID-DOI="10.24199/j.mmv.2011.68.03" ID-ISSN="1447-2554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10666040" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1708005340241" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Barmos, Shari & VandenSpiegel, Didier" docDate="2011" docId="280A4125F402FFCF3DA7D506FAB7F958" docLanguage="en" docName="MemMusVictoria.68.37-65.pdf" docOrigin="Memoirs of Museum Victoria 68" docSource="https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-68-2011/pages-37-65/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45.2:MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45" docStyleName="MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Paracaudina australis" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="D433395DF40CFFC13D2BD67EFFF3FFBA" masterDocTitle="The paracaudinid sea cucumbers of Australia and New Zealand (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Molpadida: Caudinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1711470221048" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="670139363271471DE422219B6CE7FE1D">
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<mods:title id="006163645FC5AA8C464F53D1E059009B">The paracaudinid sea cucumbers of Australia and New Zealand (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Molpadida: Caudinidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1B8F1CB60D9C0226B28A390785DA8F09">O'Loughlin, P. Mark</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EF85F2D81E4DC5B4617834CD87B73768">Marine Biology Section, Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DC99692E2C78384192E6591FCC2F3D89" type="email">pmo@bigpond.net.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="EEE528FFAB6F084316E3335CF10BBCB7">Barmos, Shari</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0BAA0C6A8FE4BF2D2C5F61B1E17AB6D9" type="email">shari_barmos@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="E54D45387DACD572A15E0CCE642274C8">VandenSpiegel, Didier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9E6E6CBF84D93453910FA92AFF316F54">Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale, Section invertebrés non-insects, B – 3080, Tervuren, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1C6C636150E196141B37E46B028B9815" type="email">dvdspiegel@ africamuseum.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="A3664E1E4E380A9F1858B04499A7A88F">Memoirs of Museum Victoria</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="955742D0E10C0BD44974EC2F9E98B319">
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<mods:date id="CE6856DDB3CDABC8C922ADB03E2D8042">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F3E103246B4BA404D483511E19277080">2011-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="852EA79018F064258C6BD76E5FA0FA9A">68</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="EE616D4BA482B81996AB78BE8EA31C0F">37</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="9549F8E2589962AB3B3F00FD413D3103">https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-68-2011/pages-37-65/</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="2E805DC50BD93525D5F2641916BC4AFA">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3E4DEC43D51FEF352AA69578EAFB09F0" type="DOI">10.24199/j.mmv.2011.68.03</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="280A4125F402FFCF3DA7D506FAB7F958" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:280A4125F402FFCF3DA7D506FAB7F958" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/280A4125F402FFCF3DA7D506FAB7F958" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">
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<subSubSection id="E8B9A3B8F402FFCF3DA7D506FDE5FC35" box="[140,534,888,911]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A01CF033F402FFCF3DA7D506FDE5FC35" blockId="14.[140,534,888,911]" box="[140,534,888,911]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">
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<heading id="FB54475FF402FFCF3DA7D506FDE5FC35" box="[140,534,888,911]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="67A38BB0F402FFCF3DA7D506FDE5FC35" ID-CoL="75NFX" authority="(Semper, 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Semper" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[140,534,888,911]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
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<emphasis id="92D72C21F402FFCF3DA7D506FE84FC34" bold="true" box="[140,375,888,910]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Paracaudina australis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="C4328DC2F402FFCF3CAFD507FDFDFC35" author="Semper, C." box="[388,526,889,911]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 288" refId="ref14617" refString="Semper, C. 1868. Holothurien. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen 1: 1 - 288, pls 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1868">Semper, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E8B9A3B8F402FFCF3DA7D5DBFED5FC00" box="[140,294,933,955]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A01CF033F402FFCF3DA7D5DBFED5FC00" blockId="14.[140,294,933,955]" box="[140,294,933,955]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">
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<figureCitation id="3898ECB6F402FFCF3DA7D5DBFF05FC01" box="[140,246,933,955]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[147,206,1804,1823]" captionTargetBox="[147,1447,227,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-12@3.[147,1447,227,1697]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Photos of preserved specimens of species of Paracaudina Heding, 1932: a, holotype of P. ambigua O’Loughlin and Barmos sp. nov. (insert with drawings of rod and loop ossicles from the mid-body wall; WAM Z29767); b, P. australis (Semper, 1868) (insert with drawings of rod ossicles from the mid-body wall; AM J13583); c, P. chilensis (Müller, 1850) (WAM Z5638); d, P. coriacea (Hutton, 1872) (NIWA 70955); e, P. coriacea (Hutton, 1872) (AM J12290); f, mouth and tentacles of P. coriacea (Hutton, 1872) (NIWA 70954)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10666042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10666042/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Figures 1b</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="3898ECB6F402FFCF3C2AD5DBFEFDFC00" box="[257,270,933,954]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[147,206,1857,1876]" captionTargetBox="[147,1447,227,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-12@5.[147,1447,227,1667]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. SEM images of ossicles from the mid-body wall of a specimen of Paracaudina australis (Semper, 1868) from Dunwich, Moreton Bay, south-east Queensland (AM J13583). Rarely occurring chilensis-like ossicle with cross and box bridging shown top right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10666046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10666046/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="3898ECB6F402FFCF3C32D5DBFED5FC00" box="[281,294,933,954]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[140,199,1830,1849]" captionTargetBox="[140,1440,227,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[140,1440,227,1667]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. SEM images showing variation in form of ossicles from the mid-body wall of a specimen of Paracaudina australis (Semper, 1868) from Dunwich, Moreton Bay, south-east Queensland (AM J13583). Rarely occurring chilensis-like ossicle with cross and box bridging shown bottom right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10666048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10666048/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E8B9A3B8F402FFCF3D99D5AEFF37FB52" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="A01CF033F402FFCF3D99D5AEFEEEFC47" blockId="14.[140,772,976,1256]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="80B3D71DF402FFCF3D99D5AEFEEEFC47" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">
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<treatmentCitation id="2102D622F402FFCF3D99D5AEFDB2FC59" author="Semper, C." box="[178,577,976,995]" page="234" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" year="1868">
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<taxonomicName id="67A38BB0F402FFCF3D99D5AEFDB2FC59" authority="Semper, 1868: 233 - 234" authorityName="Semper" authorityPageNumber="233 - 234" authorityYear="1868" box="[178,577,976,995]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Molpadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
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<emphasis id="92D72C21F402FFCF3D99D5AEFE90FC59" box="[178,355,976,995]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Molpadia australis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C4328DC2F402FFCF3C42D5AEFDB2FC59" author="Semper, C." box="[361,577,976,995]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 288" refId="ref14617" refString="Semper, C. 1868. Holothurien. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen 1: 1 - 288, pls 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1868">Semper, 1868: 233–234</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 268, pl. 39 fig 14.—
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<treatmentCitation id="2102D622F402FFCF3DA7D594FEEAFC47" author="Theel, H." box="[140,281,1002,1021]" page="55" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" year="1886">
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<bibRefCitation id="C4328DC2F402FFCF3DA7D594FEEAFC47" author="Theel, H." box="[140,281,1002,1021]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 290" refId="ref14671" refString="Theel, H. 1886. Report on the Holothurioidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology 14 (39): 1 - 290, 16 pls." type="book chapter" year="1886">Théel, 1886: 55</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A01CF033F402FFCF3D99D27AFE32FB8B" blockId="14.[140,772,976,1256]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="80B3D71DF402FFCF3D99D27AFD68FBAD" box="[178,667,1028,1047]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName id="67A38BB0F402FFCF3D99D27AFEACFBAD" ID-CoL="RWWT" box="[178,351,1028,1047]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Caudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
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<emphasis id="92D72C21F402FFCF3D99D27AFEACFBAD" box="[178,351,1028,1047]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Caudina chilensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.—H. L.
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<treatmentCitation id="2102D622F402FFCF3C97D27AFD6BFBAD" author="Clark, H. L." box="[444,664,1028,1047]" page="175" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" year="1908">
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<bibRefCitation id="C4328DC2F402FFCF3C97D27AFD6BFBAD" author="Clark, H. L." box="[444,664,1028,1047]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 231" refId="ref12695" refString="Clark, H. L. 1908. The apodous holothurians. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 35: 1 - 231, pls 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1908">Clark, 1908: 175—176</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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(part non
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<taxonomicName id="67A38BB0F402FFCF3DA7D260FE44FB8B" authority="Muller, 1850" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1850" box="[140,439,1054,1073]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Molpadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
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<emphasis id="92D72C21F402FFCF3DA7D260FEC8FB8B" box="[140,315,1054,1073]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Molpadia chilensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C4328DC2F402FFCF3C6AD260FE44FB8B" author="Muller, J." box="[321,439,1054,1073]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" pagination="117 - 155" refId="ref14050" refString="Muller, J. 1850. Anatomische Studien uber die Echinodermen. Archiv fur Anatomie, Physiologie und wissenschaftliche Medicin 1850: 117 - 155." type="journal article" year="1850">Müller, 1850</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A01CF033F402FFCF3D99D246FDA9FBF1" blockId="14.[140,772,976,1256]" box="[178,602,1080,1099]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="80B3D71DF402FFCF3D99D246FDA9FBF1" box="[178,602,1080,1099]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName id="67A38BB0F402FFCF3D99D246FE66FBF1" authorityName="Gray, 1839: 332 (Non Tiliqua Australis Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[178,405,1080,1099]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Pseudocaudina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
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<emphasis id="92D72C21F402FFCF3D99D246FE66FBF1" box="[178,405,1080,1099]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Pseudocaudina australis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="2102D622F402FFCF3C84D246FDA6FBF1" author="Heding, S. G." box="[431,597,1080,1099]" page="283" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" year="1931">
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<bibRefCitation id="C4328DC2F402FFCF3C84D246FDA6FBF1" author="Heding, S. G." box="[431,597,1080,1099]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" pagination="275 - 284" refId="ref13193" refString="Heding, S. G. 1931. On the Classification of the Molpadids. Preliminary notice. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhavn 92: 275 - 284." type="journal article" year="1931">Heding, 1931: 283</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A01CF033F402FFCF3D99D22CFF37FB52" blockId="14.[140,772,976,1256]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="80B3D71DF402FFCF3D99D22CFF37FB52" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName id="67A38BB0F402FFCF3D99D22CFE8DFBDF" ID-CoL="75NFX" baseAuthorityName="Semper" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[178,382,1106,1125]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
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<emphasis id="92D72C21F402FFCF3D99D22CFE8DFBDF" box="[178,382,1106,1125]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Paracaudina australis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="2102D622F402FFCF3CB3D22CFDCFFBDF" author="Heding, S. G." box="[408,572,1106,1126]" page="455" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" year="1932">
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C4328DC2F402FFCF3CB3D22CFDCFFBDF" author="Heding, S. G." box="[408,572,1106,1126]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" pagination="455 - 456" refId="ref13225" refString="Heding, S. G. 1932. Paracaudina nom. nov. a correction, together with some remarks concerning the supposed fossil Holothurian Pseudocaudina brachyura Broili. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhavn 92: 455 - 456." type="journal article" year="1932">Heding, 1932: 455</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.—
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="2102D622F402FFCF3F7DD22CFF5DFB3A" author="Heding, S. G." page="127" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" year="1933">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C4328DC2F402FFCF3F7DD22CFF5DFB3A" author="Heding, S. G." pageId="14" pageNumber="51" pagination="127 - 142" refId="ref13268" refString="Heding, S. G. 1933. The Caudina of Asamushi, the so-called Caudina chilensis (Johs. Muller). The Science Reports of Tohoku University 8 (2): 127 - 142, pls 5 - 8." type="journal article" year="1933">Heding, 1933: 127– 142</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, pl. 6 figs 5–7, pl. 7 figs 8–9, pl. 8 fig. 6.—H. L.
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="2102D622F402FFCF3F4AD213FF5CFB20" author="Clark, H. L." page="267" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" year="1935">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C4328DC2F402FFCF3F4AD213FF5CFB20" author="Clark, H. L." pageId="14" pageNumber="51" pagination="267 - 284" refId="ref12767" refString="Clark, H. L. 1935. The holothurian genus Caudina. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History 10 (15) 86 (22): 267 - 284." type="journal article" year="1935">Clark, 1935: 267– 284</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.—H. L.
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="2102D622F402FFCF3C28D2F9FE65FB20" author="Clark, H. L." box="[259,406,1159,1178]" page="45" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" year="1946">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C4328DC2F402FFCF3C28D2F9FE65FB20" author="Clark, H. L." box="[259,406,1159,1178]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" refId="ref12838" refString="Clark, H. L. 1946. The Echinoderm Fauna of Australia: Its composition and origin. Publications Carnegie Institute 566. 567 pp." type="book" year="1946">Clark, 1946: 45</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
(part).—A. M.
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="2102D622F402FFCF3F00D2F9FF5FFB0E" author="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E." page="193" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" year="1971">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C4328DC2F402FFCF3F00D2F9FF5FFB0E" author="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E." pageId="14" pageNumber="51" refId="ref12650" refString="Clark, A. M. and Rowe, F. W. E. 1971. Monograph of shallow-water Indo-West Pacific echinoderms. Pp. vii + 238, 100 figs, 31 pls. British Museum (Natural History): London." type="book" year="1971">Clark and Rowe, 1971: 193</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.—
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="2102D622F402FFCF3DEDD2DFFE98FB0E" author="Pawson, D. L." box="[198,363,1185,1204]" page="119" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" year="1977">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C4328DC2F402FFCF3DEDD2DFFE98FB0E" author="Pawson, D. L." box="[198,363,1185,1204]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" pagination="97 - 123" refId="ref14275" refString="Pawson, D. L. 1977. Molpadiid sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) of the southern Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Biology of the Antarctic Seas VI. Antarctic Research Series 26: 97 - 123." type="book chapter" year="1977">Pawson,1977:119</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
(part).—
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="2102D622F402FFCF3C91D2DFFDBEFB0E" author="Rowe, F. W. E." box="[442,589,1185,1204]" page="472" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" year="1982">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C4328DC2F402FFCF3C91D2DFFDBEFB0E" author="Rowe, F. W. E." box="[442,589,1185,1204]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" pagination="454 - 476" refId="ref14467" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. 1982. Sea-cucumbers (class Holothurioidea). In Shepherd, S. A. and Thomas, I. M. (eds), Marine Invertebrates of Southern Australia 1: 454 - 476, figs 10: 26 - 10: 37, pls 29 - 32. Adelaide, South Australian Government Printer." type="journal article" year="1982">Rowe,1982:472</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
(part), fig.10.35b.—
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="2102D622F402FFCF3DA7D2C5FE7FFB74" author="Cannon, L. R. G. & Silver, H." box="[140,396,1211,1230]" page="40" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" year="1986">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C4328DC2F402FFCF3DA7D2C5FE7FFB74" author="Cannon, L. R. G. & Silver, H." box="[140,396,1211,1230]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" refId="ref12619" refString="Cannon, L. R. G. and Silver, H. 1986. Sea Cucumbers of Northern Australia. viii + 60 pp. Brisbane: Queensland Museum." type="book" year="1986">Cannon and Silver, 1986: 40</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, figs 8f,
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="B6A53BBAF402FFCF3CFDD2C5FE05FB74" box="[470,502,1211,1230]" count="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" type="generic">10f.</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
—
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="2102D622F402FFCF3F27D2C5FCF1FB74" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[524,770,1211,1230]" page="264" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" year="1995">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C4328DC2F402FFCF3F27D2C5FCF1FB74" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[524,770,1211,1230]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 510" refId="ref14533" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. and Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. In Wells, A. (ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia 33: i - xiii, 1 - 510. CSIRO, Melbourne." type="journal article" year="1995">Rowe and Gates, 1995: 264</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
(part).
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="E8B9A3B8F402FFCF3DA7D280FAB7F958" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="A01CF033F402FFCF3DA7D280FE5DFAFC" blockId="14.[140,771,1278,1350]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="92D72C21F402FFCF3DA7D280FEB4FAAB" box="[140,327,1278,1297]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<materialsCitation id="10CBFA6EF402FFCF3C7AD280FD23FA96" collectingDate="1978-12-02" collectionCode="AM" county="Moreton Bay" location="Dunwich" municipality="Stradbroke Island" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" specimenCode="J13583" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Queensland">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="62673ED1F402FFCF3C7AD280FE4DFAAB" box="[337,446,1278,1297]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCounty id="497D88BFF402FFCF3CE7D281FDBAFAA8" box="[460,585,1279,1298]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Moreton Bay</collectingCounty>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingMunicipality id="40786A49F402FFCF3F7CD280FD0CFAAB" box="[599,767,1278,1297]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Stradbroke Island</collectingMunicipality>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<location id="A57CA6E8F402FFCF3DA7D366FF13FA91" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:280A4125F402FFCF3DA7D506FAB7F958:A57CA6E8F402FFCF3DA7D366FF13FA91" box="[140,224,1304,1323]" county="Moreton Bay" municipality="Stradbroke Island" name="Dunwich" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" stateProvince="Queensland">Dunwich</location>
|
|||
|
|
, half buried on sandbar,
|
|||
|
|
<date id="D41DD6F3F402FFCF3CE7D367FDC9FA96" box="[460,570,1305,1324]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" value="1978-12-02">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingDate id="C4592F1BF402FFCF3CE7D367FDC9FA96" box="[460,570,1305,1324]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" value="1978-12-02">2 Dec 1978</collectingDate>
|
|||
|
|
</date>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="C6B268F6F402FFCF3F6FD367FD9AFA96" box="[580,617,1305,1324]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCode id="F0055848F402FFCF3F5AD366FD5CFA91" box="[625,687,1304,1323]" collectionCode="AM" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" type="Museum">J13583</specimenCode>
|
|||
|
|
(1)
|
|||
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<materialsCitation id="10CBFA6EF402FFCF3FF7D367FE7AFAFC" collectionCode="AM" location="Port Denison District" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" specimenCode="J4145" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Queensland">
|
|||
|
|
<location id="A57CA6E8F402FFCF3FF7D367FED7FAFC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:280A4125F402FFCF3DA7D506FAB7F958:A57CA6E8F402FFCF3FF7D367FED7FAFC" name="Port Denison District" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" stateProvince="Queensland">Port Denison District</location>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="C6B268F6F402FFCF3C06D34DFEA1FAFC" box="[301,338,1331,1350]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCode id="F0055848F402FFCF3C73D34DFE7AFAFC" box="[344,393,1331,1350]" collectionCode="AM" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" type="Museum">J4145</specimenCode>
|
|||
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
|
(5).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="A01CF033F402FFCF3DA7D323FA99FC35" blockId="14.[140,771,1373,1884]" lastBlockId="14.[809,1386,889,911]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="92D72C21F402FFCF3DA7D323FF01FAC8" box="[140,242,1373,1394]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="67A38BB0F402FFCF3C2BD323FE25FAC9" box="[256,470,1373,1395]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="92D72C21F402FFCF3C2BD323FE76FAC8" box="[256,389,1373,1394]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Paracaudina</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
species
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
up to
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="675B5DD6F402FFCF3F31D323FD9EFAC8" box="[538,621,1373,1395]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="135.0">135 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
long, up to
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="675B5DD6F402FFCF3FC1D323FF47FA35" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
diameter (preserved); thin, pliable, soft to firm smooth body wall; colour translucent pink to white live, off-white to pale brown preserved, lacking yellow colouration, at most slight yellowing anteriorly; posterior body with caudal taper to narrow rounded end, sometimes short tail; mid-body ossicles predominantly plates with bluntly spinous margin and surface, smooth plates, rods in deeper body wall; ossicles not thick buttons; spinous plates irregular, pointed marginal projections, surface knobs / blunt spines frequently joined by rods creating secondary layering, rods sometimes bridging a large central perforation as single rod or tripod or cross, rare
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="67A38BB0F402FFCF3F50D0E7FD27F914" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1850" box="[635,724,1689,1710]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Molpadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="92D72C21F402FFCF3F50D0E7FD27F914" box="[635,724,1689,1710]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">chilensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
-like plates with large central perforation bridged by box on one side and cross on the other side, up to 12 perforations, spinous plates up to 56 µm long; smooth plates irregular, up to 12 perforations, margin smooth, lacking marginal and surface spines and knobs, smooth plates up to 48 µm long; rods sparse, irregular, variably straight, bent, Y-shaped, C-shaped, J-shaped, some with node, rods frequently 24 µm long, up to 48 µm long.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="A01CF033F402FFCF3E02D5DBFB23FC01" blockId="14.[809,1232,933,955]" box="[809,1232,933,955]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">
|
|||
|
|
<materialsCitation id="10CBFA6EF402FFCF3E02D5DBFB3FFC01" box="[809,1228,933,955]" location="Rockhampton" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Queensland" typeStatus="holotype">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="92D72C21F402FFCF3E02D5DBFC40FC00" box="[809,947,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="7F184E91F402FFCF3E02D5DBFCABFC00" box="[809,856,933,954]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
locality.
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<location id="A57CA6E8F402FFCF3E93D5DBFBBBFC01" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:280A4125F402FFCF3DA7D506FAB7F958:A57CA6E8F402FFCF3E93D5DBFBBBFC01" box="[952,1096,933,955]" name="Rockhampton" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" stateProvince="Queensland">Rockhampton</location>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="62673ED1F402FFCF3979D5DBFB3FFC01" box="[1106,1228,933,955]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="A01CF033F402FFCF3E02D5AFFC05FBBE" blockId="14.[809,1440,977,1028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="92D72C21F402FFCF3E02D5AFFC5DFC5C" box="[809,942,977,998]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Northern
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="D8B4B0A3F402FFCF3919D5AFFB62FC5D" box="[1074,1169,977,999]" name="Australia" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="62673ED1F402FFCF3983D5AFFAD2FC5D" box="[1192,1313,977,999]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
, south-east coast;
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="D8B4B0A3F402FFCF3E41D593FC23FBB9" box="[874,976,1005,1027]" name="Singapore" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(?).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="A01CF033F402FFCF3E02D267FB72FA46" blockId="14.[809,1441,1049,1763]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="92D72C21F402FFCF3E02D267FC7AFB94" box="[809,905,1049,1070]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="67A38BB0F402FFCF3E8DD267FA82FB95" authority="(Semper, 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Semper" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[934,1393,1049,1071]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="92D72C21F402FFCF3E8DD267FB50FB94" box="[934,1187,1049,1070]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Paracaudina australis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C4328DC2F402FFCF39E3D267FA99FB95" author="Semper, C." box="[1224,1386,1049,1071]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 288" refId="ref14617" refString="Semper, C. 1868. Holothurien. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen 1: 1 - 288, pls 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1868">Semper, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is distinguished diagnostically by having in the body wall both irregular rods and spinous perforated plates with secondary layering, a body form with tapered caudal end but not long discrete tail, and an absence of distinct yellow or reddish-yellow colour. H. L.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C4328DC2F402FFCF3EDBD2D7FBADFB04" author="Clark, H. L." box="[1008,1118,1193,1215]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 231" refId="ref12695" refString="Clark, H. L. 1908. The apodous holothurians. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 35: 1 - 231, pls 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1908">Clark 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
included
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="67A38BB0F402FFCF3996D2D7FA53FB04" baseAuthorityName="Semper" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1213,1440,1193,1214]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="92D72C21F402FFCF3996D2D7FA53FB04" box="[1213,1440,1193,1214]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Paracaudina australis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in his synonymy of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="67A38BB0F402FFCF3EDAD2B8FB5BFB61" box="[1009,1192,1222,1243]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Caudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="92D72C21F402FFCF3EDAD2B8FB5BFB61" box="[1009,1192,1222,1243]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Caudina chilensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, but subsequently (1935, 1946) rejected his own synonymy. Southern Australian specimens judged to be
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="67A38BB0F402FFCF3934D37EFAF7FAAF" baseAuthorityName="Semper" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1055,1284,1280,1301]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="92D72C21F402FFCF3934D37EFAF7FAAF" box="[1055,1284,1280,1301]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Paracaudina australis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by H. L.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C4328DC2F402FFCF384CD37EFCAFFA88" author="Clark, H. L." pageId="14" pageNumber="51" refId="ref12838" refString="Clark, H. L. 1946. The Echinoderm Fauna of Australia: Its composition and origin. Publications Carnegie Institute 566. 567 pp." type="book" year="1946">Clark 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C4328DC2F402FFCF3E4DD363FC27FA88" author="Rowe, F. W. E." box="[870,980,1309,1330]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" pagination="454 - 476" refId="ref14467" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. 1982. Sea-cucumbers (class Holothurioidea). In Shepherd, S. A. and Thomas, I. M. (eds), Marine Invertebrates of Southern Australia 1: 454 - 476, figs 10: 26 - 10: 37, pls 29 - 32. Adelaide, South Australian Government Printer." type="journal article" year="1982">Rowe 1982</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="C4328DC2F402FFCF3929D363FB2AFA88" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[1026,1241,1308,1331]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 510" refId="ref14533" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. and Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. In Wells, A. (ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia 33: i - xiii, 1 - 510. CSIRO, Melbourne." type="journal article" year="1995">Rowe and Gates 1995</bibRefCitation>
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are our new species
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<taxonomicName id="67A38BB0F402FFCF3E02D347FACBFAF5" authority="O'Loughlin and Barmos" authorityName="O'Loughlin and Barmos. As" authorityYear="2011" box="[809,1336,1337,1359]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cuprea">
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<emphasis id="92D72C21F402FFCF3E02D347FBF8FAF5" box="[809,1035,1337,1359]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Paracaudina cuprea</emphasis>
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O’Loughlin and Barmos
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</taxonomicName>
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(below).
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<bibRefCitation id="C4328DC2F402FFCF3E02D329FC3FFAD6" author="Mortensen, Th." box="[809,972,1366,1388]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" pagination="261 - 420" refId="ref13996" refString="Mortensen, Th. 1925. Echinoderms of New Zealand and the Auckland- Campbell Islands. III - V. Asteroidea, Holothurioidea, Crinoidea. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhavn 79 (29): 261 - 420, text figs 1 - 70, pls 12 - 14." type="journal article" year="1925">Mortensen 1925</bibRefCitation>
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based his discussion of
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<taxonomicName id="67A38BB0F402FFCF3997D328FA53FAD1" baseAuthorityName="Semper" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1212,1440,1366,1387]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
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<emphasis id="92D72C21F402FFCF3997D328FA53FAD1" box="[1212,1440,1366,1387]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Paracaudina australis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on
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<collectionCode id="C6B268F6F402FFCF3E67D30DFC71FA32" box="[844,898,1395,1416]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">SAM</collectionCode>
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specimens. Based on Mortensen’s figures we judge that these specimens were our new species
|
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<taxonomicName id="67A38BB0F402FFCF3830D3EEFB9CFA78" authority="O'Loughlin and Barmos" authorityName="O'Loughlin and Barmos. As" authorityYear="2011" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cuprea">
|
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<emphasis id="92D72C21F402FFCF3830D3EEFC9CFA78" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Paracaudina cuprea</emphasis>
|
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O’Loughlin and Barmos
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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(below). We note that
|
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<bibRefCitation id="C4328DC2F402FFCF387ED3D3FCAAFA64" author="Heding, S. G." pageId="14" pageNumber="51" pagination="127 - 142" refId="ref13268" refString="Heding, S. G. 1933. The Caudina of Asamushi, the so-called Caudina chilensis (Johs. Muller). The Science Reports of Tohoku University 8 (2): 127 - 142, pls 5 - 8." type="journal article" year="1933">Heding 1933</bibRefCitation>
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did not indicate what specimens he used to illustrate ossicles of
|
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<taxonomicName id="67A38BB0F402FFCF3EBCD398FB88FA41" baseAuthorityName="Semper" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[919,1147,1510,1531]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="92D72C21F402FFCF3EBCD398FB88FA41" box="[919,1147,1510,1531]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Paracaudina australis</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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|
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.
|
|||
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="A01CF033F402FFCF3E64D07DFAB7F958" blockId="14.[809,1441,1049,1763]" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">
|
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|
David Lane (pers. comm. by Ria Tan) identified the common “See-through sea cucumber” in
|
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|
<collectingCountry id="D8B4B0A3F402FFCF39F8D05EFAC9F98C" box="[1235,1338,1568,1590]" name="Singapore" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
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waters as
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName id="67A38BB0F402FFCF3E02D043FBE0F9E8" baseAuthorityName="Semper" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[809,1043,1597,1618]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="92D72C21F402FFCF3E02D043FBE0F9E8" box="[809,1043,1597,1618]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Paracaudina australis</emphasis>
|
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|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
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|
|
. Ria Tan (pers. comm.) has observed the species only on the estuarine northern shores of
|
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|
|
<collectingCountry id="D8B4B0A3F402FFCF3812D027FA6CF9D5" box="[1337,1439,1625,1647]" name="Singapore" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
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near the mouth of the Johor River, floating or partly buried on sand bars near seagrass meadows, as shallow as the intertidal zone at low spring tide. We have to date not been able to confirm the determination as
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName id="67A38BB0F402FFCF397CD0B3FACDF958" baseAuthorityName="Semper" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1111,1342,1741,1762]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" genus="Paracaudina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="14" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="92D72C21F402FFCF397CD0B3FACDF958" box="[1111,1342,1741,1762]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="51">Paracaudina australis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
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</document>
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