<documentid="769D3930D78A72B5505F2C5744D7C5D2"ID-CLB-Dataset="298351"ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2024.935.2561"ID-GBIF-Dataset="2645671c-4040-463b-9476-4c3c7f9759dc"ID-ISSN="2118-9773"ID-Zenodo-Dep="11545241"ID-ZooBank="D03E86F1-83F2-4700-B346-E4F23BB27D65"IM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin"IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar"IM.metadata_approvedBy="valdenar"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin"IM.treatments_approvedBy="admin"checkinTime="1718010756174"checkinUser="plazi"docAuthor="Prajapat, Vaishali, Villalobos-Guerrero, Tulio F. & Vachhrajani, Kauresh D."docDate="2024"docId="03EC87F4FFDFAF5D1451F925FD199548"docLanguage="en"docName="EJT.2024.935.256-282.pdf"docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 935"docSource="https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2561/11615"docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1"docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911"docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1"docStyleVersion="14"docTitle="Perinereis malabarensis Prajapat, Villalobos-Guerrero & Vachhrajani 2024, sp. nov."docType="treatment"docVersion="9"lastPageNumber="269"masterDocId="FFD5FF8CFFD7AF501604FF87FFD69014"masterDocTitle="Two new species of Perinereis Kinberg, 1865 (Annelida: Nereididae) from the rocky shore of Maharashtra, India, including notes and an identification key to Group 1"masterLastPageNumber="282"masterPageNumber="256"pageNumber="264"updateTime="1718213526538"updateUser="ExternalLinkService"zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0"zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0"zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:titleid="5367812A69340B8B6694DC0D1568CF73">Two new species of Perinereis Kinberg, 1865 (Annelida: Nereididae) from the rocky shore of Maharashtra, India, including notes and an identification key to Group 1</mods:title>
<mods:affiliationid="A32EDF4159C6953C771C39B3501AC835">Marine Biodiversity and Ecology Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="E721A7E111D47606205242BA12A8262D">Department of Marine Ecology, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="FB695B3058B37070B200A7B18381632A">Marine Biodiversity and Ecology Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.</mods:affiliation>
<taxonomicNameid="4C454D61FFDFAF581451F925FCAB96A9"authority="Prajapat, Villalobos-Guerrero & Vachhrajani, 2024"authorityName="Prajapat, Villalobos-Guerrero & Vachhrajani"authorityYear="2024"box="[597,893,1698,1725]"class="Polychaeta"family="Nereididae"genus="Perinereis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Phyllodocida"pageId="8"pageNumber="264"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="malabarensis"status="sp. nov.">
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDFAF5814C1F96FFCDA9717"box="[709,780,1768,1795]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="264">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitationid="C6C70359FFDFAF58151CF96FFCB99717"box="[792,879,1768,1795]"captionStart="Table 1"captionStartId="20.[185,255,541,569]"captionTargetBox="[193,1928,942,1742]"captionTargetPageId="20"captionText="Table 1 (continued on next page). Comparison of features of all valid species of Perinereis Kinberg, 1865 currently regarded in Group 1. Subgroups (SG) are based on Hutchings et al. (1991), with some modifications or updates (1A and 1B), including those with unknown dorsal ligule conditions in posterior parapodia (1U). Species information is taken from original descriptions, redescriptions, specimens featured from (near) type localities, or this study. Features: longest tentacular cirri extending to chaetiger number (TC length); teeth in jaws (jaws); paragnaths of areas I, II, III (presence of laterally isolated groups, Latl.), IV (presence of bars in addition to cones, bars), V, and VII–VIII (presence of paragnaths on ridges of anterior row, ridges); form of bar-shaped paragnaths (type) and presence of conical paragnaths (cones) in area VI; ridge pattern of areas VI–V–VI (RidgeP); size of dorsal ligule in posterior chaetigers (DL-Post); length of dorsal cirrus in comparison with distal region of dorsal ligule in middle parapodia (DC/ DDL); occurrence of notopodial prechaetal (PrL), neuropodial postchaetal (PostL) and neuropodial superior (SupL) lobes; presence of homogomph spinigers in subacicular neurochaetae (Sb-HoS). a = absent; HRW = sensu Hutchings et al., 1991; p = present;? = unknown features or values; No. = total number."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3A666AFFC3AF4416BDFD9AFEB99362"pageId="8"pageNumber="264"tableUuid="DF3A666AFFC3AF4416BDFD9AFEB99362">Table 1</tableCitation>
<paragraphid="8BFA36E2FFDFAF5916B9F8DFFE2A9153"blockId="8.[187,1398,1880,2012]"lastBlockId="9.[189,1399,265,327]"lastPageId="9"lastPageNumber="265"pageId="8"pageNumber="264">Species of subgroup 1B. Specimens with crescent-shaped bars on area VI; areas VI–V–VI ridge pattern π-shaped; area III with laterally isolated paragnaths; areas VII–VIII with anterior band of paragnaths consisting of two rows; distal region of dorsal ligule anteriorly bluntly conical, more elongated in middle parapodia; dorsal cirri extending anteriorly beyond distal region of dorsal ligule, subequal in following chaetigers; falcigers with camerated shaft divided into two partitions; postero-dorsal tentacular cirri extending to chaetiger 3–5.</paragraph>
<materialsCitationid="3B2D3CBFFFDEAF5916EEFDA8FC979284"ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4875696306"collectedFrom="rocky shore"collectingDate="2023-01-29"collectorName="V. Prajapat & K. Vachhrajani"country="India"latitude="18.955"location="Mumbai"longLatPrecision="1"longitude="72.79528"municipality="Malabar Hill"pageId="9"pageNumber="265"specimenCode="MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04"specimenCount="1"typeStatus="holotype">
<materialsCitationid="3B2D3CBFFFDEAF5916B9FDD4FC929284"ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4875696305"collectedFrom="rocky shore"collectingDate="2023-01-29"collectionCode="V"collectorName="V. Prajapat & K. Vachhrajani"country="India"latitude="18.955"location="Mumbai"longLatPrecision="1"longitude="72.79528"municipality="Malabar Hill"pageId="9"pageNumber="265"specimenCode="MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04"specimenCount="1"typeStatus="holotype">
<materialsCitationid="3B2D3CBFFFDEAF5916EEFD30FAA592E0"ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4875696303"collectedFrom="rocky shore"collectingDate="2023-01-29"collectionCode="V"collectorName="Prajapat & K. Vachhrajani"country="India"latitude="18.955973"location="INDIA"longLatPrecision="1"longitude="72.79581"municipality="Malabar Hill"pageId="9"pageNumber="265"specimenCode="ZSI-WRC ANN/26"specimenCount="5"typeStatus="paratype">
<materialsCitationid="3B2D3CBFFFDEAF5916B9FCB8FCF19369"ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4875696302"collectedFrom="rocky shore"collectingDate="2023-05-11"collectionCode="V"collectorName="V. Prajapat & S. Gosavi"country="India"location="Mumbai"longitude="72.795525"municipality="Malabar Hill"pageId="9"pageNumber="265"specimenCode="MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-05"specimenCount="25">
. Atoke, complete, in good condition, 37 (28−38) mm TL, 7.8 (4.9−7) mm L10, 1.6 (1.5−2) mm W10, and 74 (67−79) chaetigers. Body colour brownish; dorsum of prostomium, palps, cirrophores of tentacular cirri, and first 12 anterior segments with dark brown pigmentation, reducing intensity towards posterior end, with dark brown line on anterior margin; dorsum of chaetigers 13−44 with dark brown, mid-central, cross-shaped pattern (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDEAF591569FBD8FC1D946D"box="[877,971,1119,1145]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="9"pageNumber="265">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
), remaining chaetigers replaced with triangular shape pointing posteriorly.
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDEAF591407FB44FD8894CA"box="[515,606,1219,1246]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="9"pageNumber="265">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
); anterior region distally entire, sub-rectangular, slightly longer than posterior region; anterolateral gap between antenna and palpophore wide, nearly 2 × as wide as basal diameter of antennae. Nuchal organs deeply embedded, slightly oblique, 1.5 × as wide as posterior pair of eyes.
. Sub-conical, thick, 1.5 × as long as wide, as long as ¾ × of entire prostomium; sub-distal transverse groove distinct (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDEAF5917FEFA15FD8195B8"box="[506,599,1426,1452]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="9"pageNumber="265">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
. Tapered, conical, long, 1.3 × as long as prostomial posterior region (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDEAF591290FA54FB2295F9"box="[1172,1268,1491,1517]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="9"pageNumber="265">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
); antennae separated by gap as wide as basal diameter of antennae.
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDEAF59151FF9BFFCAD9646"box="[795,891,1592,1618]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="9"pageNumber="265">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
); gap between both pairs ¾ × as wide as diameter of posterior pair. Anterior pair sub-rounded, with eye diameter slightly wider than that of antennae, with gap between eyes 4 × as wide as eye diameter; lenses visible, whitish, oval, placed anterolaterally, covering about 40% of eye. Posterior pair oval, with diameter as wide as that of antennae, not covered by tentacular belt; lenses visible, whitish, rounded, placed centrally, covering about 40% of eye.
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDEAF591414F809FDA797BC"box="[528,625,1934,1960]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="9"pageNumber="265">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Antero-dorsal cirri extending posteriorly to chaetiger 3 (2–3). Anteroventral cirri as long as palpophore, slightly thicker than and as long as posteroventral cirri. Posterodorsal cirri longest, extending posteriorly to chaetiger 5 (3−5). Posteroventral cirri slenderest, extended over first quarter of prostomial posterior region.Dorsal cirrophores of tentacular cirri cylindrical; posterodorsal cirrophores 1.5 × as long as wide, slightly longer than anterodorsal cirrophores. Ventral cirrophores ring-shaped; posteroventral cirrophores shortest and narrowest, three-quarters as wide as anteroventral cirrophores.
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B17BDFE50FDD391E5"box="[441,517,471,497]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B−E), with maxillary and oral rings cylindrical, wider than long. Jaws denticulate, dark brown amber, 6 (6−7) short, with blunt tips (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B159FFE7DFC239201"box="[923,1013,506,533]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
); inner margin of fang curved; 2 canals emerging from pulp cavity (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B1458FD99FD61922C"box="[604,695,542,568]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
). Paragnaths brownish on maxillary ring (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B12AEFD99FB27922C"box="[1194,1265,542,568]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B−C), dark brown and much coarser on oral ring (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B1473FDC6FCC1924F"box="[631,791,577,603]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Fig. 2B, D–E</figureCitation>
); consisting of uniform-base cones, except crescent-shaped bars on area
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and some p-bars on areas VII−VIII; plate-like basements absent. Area I: 5 (3−7), cones of similar size in sub-rhomboidal patch, except proximal cone sometimes slightly longer (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B130AFD00FABF92B5"box="[1294,1385,647,673]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
(right): 10 (10−13), three irregular rows of uneven cones in oblique ovoid patch, inner cones thicker and longer (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B1483FD49FD3092FC"box="[647,742,718,744]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
: 16 (13−19), three slightly regular transverse rows of uneven cones in trapezoid patch, distal cones smaller, with 1−2 (0−2) distinct isolated lateral paragnaths (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B1748FC93FE7E933A"box="[332,424,788,814]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
(right): 17 (16−23), three irregular rows of uneven cones in slightly crescent patch (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B1454FCB0FD669345"box="[592,688,823,849]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
), cones of middle row larger; without merged paragnaths. Area
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: 3, triangular patch of even cones, two proximal cones in transverse row and single distal cone placed slightly more distally to paragnaths on area
<collectionCodeid="ED54AE27FFDCAF5B155AFCF9FCAB938C"box="[862,893,894,920]"country="Norway"name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">VI</collectionCode>
(
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B158AFCF9FC3D938C"box="[910,1003,894,920]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
). Areas
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(left): 1,
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(right): 1, transverse crescent-shaped bar (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B1430FC26FD5993AF"box="[564,655,929,955]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
: 38 (33–41), paragnaths in two well-separated anterior and posterior bands; anterior band consisting of two (furrow and ridge) transverse aligned rows, furrow row with one coarse p-bar and ridge row with one cone on each region; posterior band with two (furrow and ridge) transverse rows slightly displaced from each other consisting of even cones, furrow row proximal with one cone slightly displaced from each region, ridge row distal with two cones on region A and one cone in remaining regions (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B14D6FBD6FCF9947F"box="[722,815,1105,1131]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
). Ridges of areas
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–
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–
<collectionCodeid="ED54AE27FFDCAF5B1255FBD6FBA6947F"box="[1105,1136,1105,1131]"country="Norway"name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">VI</collectionCode>
with π-shaped pattern (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B16C2FBF3FE91949A"box="[198,327,1140,1166]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Fig. 2B, E</figureCitation>
). Gap between area
<collectionCodeid="ED54AE27FFDCAF5B143FFBF2FD8C949B"box="[571,602,1141,1167]"country="Norway"name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">VI</collectionCode>
broad, as wide as three-quarters of palpophore width. Paired oesophageal caeca present (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B14ACFB10FCD194A5"box="[680,775,1175,1201]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B17E6FABAFDB69543"box="[482,608,1341,1367]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Fig. 2H–L</figureCitation>
), longer than proximal region of dorsal ligule and extending beyond distal region of dorsal ligule in anterior chaetigers (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B152CFAE7FCA7956F"box="[808,881,1376,1403]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
H−I), nearly as long as distal and proximal region of dorsal ligule in following chaetigers (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B1506FA03FCAB958A"box="[770,893,1412,1438]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Fig. 2J–L</figureCitation>
); attached to one-third of dorsal ligule in anterior chaetigers, medially in following chaetigers.
. Distal region as long as proximal region in anterior and middle chaetigers (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B12F5FA6FFABF9616"box="[1265,1385,1512,1538]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Fig. 2H–J</figureCitation>
), distal becoming slightly longer than proximal in following chaetigers (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B121DF98CFBB49632"box="[1049,1122,1547,1574]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
K−L). Proximal region compressed in anterior and middle chaetigers (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B14D9F9A8FCF4965D"box="[733,802,1583,1609]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
I−J), distended and sub-oval in posterior chaetigers (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B16C2F9D5FEFE9678"box="[198,296,1618,1644]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
), enlarged and sub-rectangular in posteriormost chaetigers (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B1205F9D5FBB79678"box="[1025,1121,1618,1644]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Fig. 2L</figureCitation>
); one prominent ovoid patch of dark brown glands in anterior and middle chaetigers, two main patches in following chaetigers, covering ⅔ of ligule area. Distal region subequal in length throughout (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B1230F91FFB6E96A6"box="[1076,1208,1688,1714]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Figs 2I, K</figureCitation>
), except longer in middle chaetigers (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B17C1F93CFDCA96C2"box="[453,540,1723,1750]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Fig. 2J</figureCitation>
); digitiform in anteriormost and posteriormost chaetigers (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B12E7F93CFABE96C2"box="[1251,1384,1723,1750]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Fig. 2H, L</figureCitation>
), bluntly conical in anterior chaetigers, narrowly fusiform in middle chaetigers (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B1284F958FB0E96ED"box="[1152,1240,1759,1785]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Fig. 2J</figureCitation>
), subulate in posterior chaetigers (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B17B1F885FDC29708"box="[437,532,1794,1820]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
); slightly shorter than median ligule throughout, except slightly longer in posteriormost chaetigers; projecting beyond notoacicula throughout; one basal oval patch of dark brown gland in anterior chaetigers, one elongate mid-lower patch in following chaetigers, covering half of ligule area (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDCAF5B174CF8ECFE589792"box="[328,398,1899,1926]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="267">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDBAF5C15BEFE8EFBC79137"box="[954,1041,265,291]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="12"pageNumber="268">Fig. 2I</figureCitation>
), digitiform, ½ × as long as median ligule, reduced to notoacicular process in middle and posterior chaetigers (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDBAF5C1278FEABFB139152"box="[1148,1221,300,326]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="12"pageNumber="268">Figs 2</figureCitation>
J−K), absent in posteriormost chaetigers (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDBAF5C17E9FEC8FD9E917D"box="[493,584,335,361]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="12"pageNumber="268">Fig. 2L</figureCitation>
. Well developed throughout, short and digitiform in anterior chaetigers (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDBAF5C1314FE16FABE91BF"box="[1296,1384,401,427]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="12"pageNumber="268">Fig. 2I</figureCitation>
), becoming longer, narrower and bluntly conical in following chaetigers (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDBAF5C120CFE33FBA991DA"box="[1032,1151,436,462]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="12"pageNumber="268">Fig. 2J–L</figureCitation>
. Consisting of neuroacicular ligule with superior and inferior lobes, ventral ligule, and ventral cirrus; postchaetal lobe reduced throughout (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDBAF5C1526FD9EFC749227"box="[802,930,537,563]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="12"pageNumber="268">Fig. 2H–L</figureCitation>
. Sub-rectangular throughout, truncate in anterior and middle chaetigers, becoming acute in following chaetigers; subequal to ventral ligule in anteriormost chaetigers (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDBAF5C130FFDFAFABF9283"box="[1291,1385,637,663]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="12"pageNumber="268">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
), longer than ligule in following chaetigers, more distinct in anterior ones (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDBAF5C1225FD27FBA392AF"box="[1057,1141,672,699]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="12"pageNumber="268">Fig. 2I</figureCitation>
); neuroacicular ligule as wide as ventral ligule in anterior chaetigers, slightly wider than ligule in following chaetigers.
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDBAF5C17FCFC82FD81930B"box="[504,599,773,799]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="12"pageNumber="268">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDBAF5C17FAFCC1FDB69375"box="[510,608,838,865]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="12"pageNumber="268">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
), slightly shorter than neuroacicular ligule throughout, becoming narrower in posterior chaetigers.
. Well developed throughout, distinctly shorter than median ligule in all chaetigers (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDBAF5C16C2FC49FEEF93FC"box="[198,313,974,1000]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="12"pageNumber="268">Fig. 2I–L</figureCitation>
); digitiform and thick in anteriormost chaetigers, becoming narrower in following chaetigers.
. Cirriform in anteriormost, anterior and middle chaetigers (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDBAF5C124DFB97FB07943E"box="[1097,1233,1040,1066]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="12"pageNumber="268">Fig. 2H –J</figureCitation>
), conical and slender in following chaetigers; slightly longer than ventral ligule in anteriormost chaetigers, three-quarters as long as ventral ligule in anterior chaetigers, one-quarter to one-third as long as ligule in following chaetigers.
. Mostly dark brown to black throughout. Notoaciculae absent in first 2 chaetigers (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDBAF5C130EFB3CFABF94C1"box="[1290,1385,1211,1237]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="12"pageNumber="268">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
). Notoaciculae distinctly shorter than neuroaciculae in most chaetigers (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDBAF5C122DFB59FB7194EC"box="[1065,1191,1246,1272]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="12"pageNumber="268">Fig. 2I–K</figureCitation>
), except as long as neuroaciculae in posteriormost chaetigers (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDBAF5C14F4FA86FC87950F"box="[752,849,1281,1307]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="12"pageNumber="268">Fig. 2L</figureCitation>
). Neuroaciculae as long as median ligule in anteriormost and anterior chaetigers, shorter than median ligule in following chaetigers, two-thirds as long as ligule.
. Consisting of homogomph spinigers and heterogomph falcigers throughout; 6–7 spinigers present in anteriormost, anterior and middle chaetigers, 4–5 spinigers in following chaetigers; 2–3 falcigers present in anteriormost and anterior chaetigers, 1–2 falcigers in following chaetigers.
. Consisting of heterogomph spinigers and heterogomph falcigers throughout; 1–2 spinigers present in anteriormost chaetigers, 3–4 spinigers in anterior chaetigers, 1–2 spinigers in following chaetigers; 8–10 falcigers present in anteriormost and anterior chaetigers, 6–8 falcigers in middle chaetigers, and 5–6 falcigers in following chaetigers.
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDBAF5C1495F8C3FD25974A"box="[657,755,1860,1886]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="12"pageNumber="268">Fig. 2M</figureCitation>
) and heterogomph spinigers long, finely serrated, with teeth evenly spaced. Heterogomph falcigers tapering with pointed tip and even teeth; slender and of medium length, straight, entirely serrated (
<figureCitationid="137E2A67FFDBAF5C14ABF80DFD2597B0"box="[687,755,1930,1956]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="10.[189,232,1681,1707]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[227,1361,265,1644]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Fig. 2. Perinereis malabarensis sp. nov. from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A–E, H–O. Holotype (MSUB-ZL-AN-PCh-04), atoke. F–G. Paratype (ZSI-WRC ANN/26), atoke. A. Whole body in dorsal view. B. Anterior end and everted proboscis in dorsal view. C. Maxillary ring of proboscis in ventral view. D. Oral ring of proboscis in ventral view. E. Oral ring of proboscis in dorsal view. F. Left jaw in ventral view, arrow pointing to inner canals. G. Paired oesophageal caeca (arrows) in dorsal view. H–L. Parapodia in anterior view (except I and K, in posterior view), numbers refer to the chaetiger. M. Homogomph spiniger from notopodia (chaetiger 50). N. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial supracicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). O. Heterogomph falciger from neuropodial subacicular fascicle (chaetiger 50). Scale bars: A = 6 mm; B = 0.7 mm; C–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.4 mm; G = 0.8 mm; H = 0.22 mm; I–L = 0.23 mm; M = 12 μm; N–O = 16 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11545245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11545245/files/figure.png"pageId="12"pageNumber="268">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
N−O). Shaft of falcigers camerated, with cavity divided sub-distally into two distinct longitudinal partitions.
. Number of total chaetigers: 67–141. Longest tentacular cirri extending to chaetiger 3–6. Jaws with 6–7 teeth. Number and pattern of paragnaths: area I: 3–7 (mean 4–5); area II: 9–18 (mean 11–12); area III:
central patch (mean 15–16), 1–2 cones isolated laterally (rarely one side without cones); area IV: 13–27 (mean 19–20); area V: 3 (rarely 2); area VII–VIII: 34–41 (mean 37–38). Total number of paragnaths: 104–141 (mean 123). Anal cirri as long as last 3–4 chaetigers.
is the first species of the subgroup 1B originally described from the Western Indo-Pacific realm (sensu
<bibRefCitationid="EFD44B13FFDAAF5D1460FD3BFCB692C2"author="Spalding"box="[612,864,700,726]"etAl="et al."firstAuthor="Spalding"pageId="13"pageNumber="269"pagination="573 - 583"refId="ref18781"refString="Spalding M. D., Fox H. E., Allen G. R., Davidson N., Ferdana Z. A., Finlayson M., Halpern B. S., Jorge M. A., Lombana A., Lourie S. A., Martin K. D., Mcmanus E., Molnar J., Recchia C. A. & Robertson J. 2007. Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas. Bioscience 57: 573 - 583. https: // doi. org / 10.1641 / B 570707"type="journal article"year="2007">
<taxonomicNameid="4C454D61FFDAAF5D1407FD67FC9B92ED"authority="Park & Kim, 2017"authorityName="Park & Kim"authorityYear="2017"box="[515,845,735,761]"class="Polychaeta"family="Nereididae"genus="Perinereis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Phyllodocida"pageId="13"pageNumber="269"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="euiini">
<bibRefCitationid="EFD44B13FFDAAF5D146BFD58FC9B92ED"author="Park & Kim"box="[623,845,735,761]"firstAuthor="Park"pageId="13"pageNumber="269"pagination="252 - 260"refId="ref18048"refString="Park T. & Kim W. 2017. Description of a new species for Asian populations of the " Cosmopolitan " Perinereis cultrifera (Annelida: Nereididae). Zoological Science 34 (3): 252 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.2108 / zs 160154"type="journal article"year="2017">Park & Kim, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by having dorsal cirri barely or not projecting beyond the distal region of dorsal ligule in mid-body parapodia, notopodial prechaetal and neuropodial superior lobes, and areas VI–V–VI ridge pattern π-shaped. However,
<taxonomicNameid="4C454D61FFDAAF5D16FBFCCDFEB49377"authorityName="Park & Kim"authorityYear="2017"box="[255,354,842,867]"class="Polychaeta"family="Nereididae"genus="Perinereis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Phyllodocida"pageId="13"pageNumber="269"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="euiini">
<taxonomicNameid="4C454D61FFDAAF5D1793FC17FE2E93BD"authorityName="Park & Kim"authorityYear="2017"box="[407,504,912,937]"class="Polychaeta"family="Nereididae"genus="Perinereis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Phyllodocida"pageId="13"pageNumber="269"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="euiini">
, the area III has laterally isolated paragnaths, in contrast to their absence in
<taxonomicNameid="4C454D61FFDAAF5D1790FC34FE2593D8"authorityName="Park & Kim"authorityYear="2017"box="[404,499,947,972]"class="Polychaeta"family="Nereididae"genus="Perinereis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Phyllodocida"pageId="13"pageNumber="269"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="euiini">
., the dorsal cirrus is slightly longer or as long as the distal region of dorsal ligule throughout, contrary to slightly shorter than that in all chaetigers of
<taxonomicNameid="4C454D61FFDAAF5D12EAFC51FA9993FB"authorityName="Park & Kim"authorityYear="2017"box="[1262,1359,982,1007]"class="Polychaeta"family="Nereididae"genus="Perinereis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Phyllodocida"pageId="13"pageNumber="269"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="euiini">
, the dorsal ligule is 2 × as long as the median ligule in posterior chaetigers, contrary to 3 × longer than that in
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<paragraphid="8BFA36E2FFDAAF5D16B9FB0AFC6994F8"blockId="13.[189,1400,1164,1261]"pageId="13"pageNumber="269">Worms are found burrowing in the sea bed, formed by oysters, dead shells, algae, and sand clumping on the rocks. This soft sponge-like sea bed provides a habitat for many small invertebrates like crabs, amphipods, isopods, sea anemones, sipunculids, and polychaetes.</paragraph>
