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<document id="FF62EE12FCE432C9D68A18BE303FD851" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.184735" ID-GBIF-Dataset="93d2468e-53b4-453a-be7b-bc5bd1a43655" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="184735" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460005803798" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fibiger, Michael, Kononenko, Vladimir S. &amp; Nilsson, Danny" docDate="2008" docId="03FF87F8FFAB2D38338F2A84CD621E15" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01922p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1922" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Lygephila procax" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="FFC6FF80FFA82D3D33182C46CE7A1D1F" masterDocTitle="Description of a new species of Lygephila Billberg, 1820 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Catocalinae) from Russian Far East and North China" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="62" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1698233221525" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="D775DDC39FA579EFCF197147B8CC0D8A">Description of a new species of Lygephila Billberg, 1820 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Catocalinae) from Russian Far East and North China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="FB53DCF6573725181BB1E8B262D5358E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C4788190E672D9BB127E68848AEA6082">
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<mods:namePart id="CA78ADD9BC5039C7D6D180C4D55BB29E">Fibiger, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="10C80CD088784D9C84641EBF22736693">Kononenko, Vladimir S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="AD3277AE7B2C4D2DD22083DAAD83F618" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C486D90AABF04EDB651A4808F87E4592">
<mods:roleTerm id="69650250304ACF481C675FD1B3635996">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="57E1B5BD3924B082682D038D204048BF">Nilsson, Danny</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BC282F1BCC205ADF4AA91041E5F1FBB7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="B5814A4DA4172D4CC32A1B705CCA14E5">
<mods:title id="086CAC3AFC03D8B01C5C23E9FDE1936F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="A552C0DC27DA064160C1E65EB6B5FA4D">
<mods:date id="834DB120DFC2BB9E62ED301509D65C7C">2008</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="52E570CF68A8F9DC5EC75EB83D1BA9AC" type="volume">
<mods:number id="4795ABBB0954941DC1E783609FE960A7">1922</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="AD68A7DEF2D3DE23828E27C6B3F2F7E6">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="6EA90733BC7CE9C59B8885D221E93365" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.184735</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0544BE63A8A528A3D1AAEF6F163AF6A9" type="GBIF-Dataset">93d2468e-53b4-453a-be7b-bc5bd1a43655</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B80EDB2644076ADCAD36B50BE2A30477" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="302CDDBBAFA22E2297CDADA8512024E5" type="Zenodo-Dep">184735</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FF87F8FFAB2D38338F2A84CD621E15" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6229096" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119380979" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6229096" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FF87F8FFAB2D38338F2A84CD621E15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87F8FFAB2D38338F2A84CD621E15" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">
<subSubSection id="C34C6565FFAB2D3E338F2A84CFBD1BE0" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE936EEFFAB2D3E338F2A84CC3A1BC3" blockId="3.[151,576,1730,1791]" box="[151,576,1730,1756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">
<heading id="D0A18182FFAB2D3E338F2A84CC3A1BC3" bold="true" box="[151,576,1730,1756]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAB2D3E338F2A84CC3A1BC3" bold="true" box="[151,576,1730,1756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAB2D3E338F2A84CF121BC3" box="[151,360,1730,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lygephila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="procax">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAB2D3E338F2A84CF121BC3" bold="true" box="[151,360,1730,1756]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Lygephila procax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Hubner, [1813])
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936EEFFAB2D3E338F2AA3CFBD1BE0" blockId="3.[151,576,1730,1791]" box="[151,455,1765,1791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">
(
<figureCitation id="136D2A6BFFAB2D3E33872AA3CF751BE0" box="[159,271,1765,1791]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="1.[151,269,1818,1842]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,197,1792]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Lygephila spp., adults. 1, L. dubatolovi, male, holotype, Russia, Primorye Territory; 2, Ditto, female, paratype, Russia, Primorye Territory; 3, L. maxina, male, Russia, vicinity of Khabarovsk; 4, L. dubatolovi, male, Russia, Primorye terr.; 5, L. maxima, Russia, Primorye Territory, underside; 6, L. ludicra, male, Russia, Tyva; 7, L. procax, male, Hungary; 8, L. procax (= nigricostata), male, Russia, Primorye Territory." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184736/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Figs. 7, 8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136D2A6BFFAB2D3E32042AA3CF1D1BE0" box="[284,359,1765,1791]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 16" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1778,1802]" captionTargetBox="[164,1403,207,1744]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,194,1754]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 16. Lygephila spp., male genitalia. 9, L. dubatolovi, paratype, genit. prep. 5852 M. Fibiger; 10, L. maxima, South Korea, genit. prep. 169 - 1 Han, Hui Lin, CIS; 11, L. ludicra, Turkey, genit. prep. 3561 M. Fibiger; 12 – 14, uncus of L. dubatolovi (12), L. maxima (13) and L. ludicra (14); 15, L. procax, Greece, genit. prep. 3560 M. Fibiger; 16, L. procax (= nigricostata), South Korea, genit. prep. 179 - 1 Han, Hui Lin, CIS." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184737/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">15, 16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136D2A6BFFAB2D3E326C2AA3CFC41BE0" box="[372,446,1765,1791]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 23" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[164,1430,197,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,197,1757]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 23. Lygephila spp., female genitalia. 17, L. dubatolovi, paratype, genit. prep. 5699 M. Fibiger; 18, L. maxima, Russian Far East, Primorye Territory, genit. prep. 5725 M. Fibiger; 19, L. ludicra, Mongolia, prep. C 21 Barry Goater; 20, L. procax, Greece, genit. prep. C 24 B. Goater; 21, L. procax (= nigricostata), North China, genit. prep. 75 / 05 V. Kononenko, CIS; 22, habitat of L. dubatolovi, Far Eastern montane broadleaved forest with open meadows; 23, distribution map for L. dubatolovi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184738/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">20, 21</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C6565FFAB2D3E338F2B73CFBC1AB3" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE936EEFFAB2D3E338F2B73CBE61A93" blockId="3.[151,1436,1845,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAB2D3E338F2B73CFF61A53" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" box="[151,396,1845,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Noctua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="procax">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAB2D3E338F2B73CF491A53" box="[151,307,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Noctua procax</emphasis>
Hübner
</taxonomicName>
, [
<date id="FFE8102EFFAB2D3E32852B73CC661A53" box="[413,540,1845,1868]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" value="1809" valueMax="1813">1809–1813</date>
],
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAB2D3E31352B73CDA11A53" box="[557,987,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Sammlung Europäischer Schmetterlinge</emphasis>
4: Pl. 109: 510.
<typeStatus id="54ED884CFFAB2D3E37942B73CABB1A53" box="[1164,1217,1845,1868]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Type</typeStatus>
locality: Europe.
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAB2D3E338F2B13CFE71A73" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" box="[151,413,1877,1900]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Asticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proclivis">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAB2D3E338F2B13CF391A73" box="[151,323,1877,1900]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Asticta proclivis</emphasis>
Hübner
</taxonomicName>
, [1823]),
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAB2D3E311C2B13CDEF1A73" box="[516,917,1877,1900]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettelinge</emphasis>
: 266.
<typeStatus id="54ED884CFFAB2D3E30C12B13CA741A73" box="[985,1038,1877,1900]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Type</typeStatus>
locality: Europe.
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAB2D3E338F2B33CF831A93" authority="Treitschke, 1826" authorityName="Treitschke" authorityYear="1826" box="[151,505,1909,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Ophiusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limosa">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAB2D3E338F2B33CF441A93" box="[151,318,1909,1932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">
<collectingCountry id="F341767EFFAB2D3E338F2B33CE8B1A93" box="[151,241,1909,1932]" name="Portugal" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Ophiusa</collectingCountry>
limosa
</emphasis>
Treitschke, 1826
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAB2D3E311B2B33CD331A93" box="[515,841,1909,1932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Die Schmeterlinge von Europa</emphasis>
5(3): 298.
<typeStatus id="54ED884CFFAB2D3E30A62B33CD891A93" box="[958,1011,1909,1932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="F341767EFFAB2D3E374E2B33CACE1A93" box="[1110,1204,1909,1932]" name="Hungary" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Hungary</collectingCountry>
, vicinity of Budapest,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936EEFFAB2D3E33DF2BD3CFBC1AB3" blockId="3.[151,1436,1845,2028]" box="[199,454,1941,1964]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">coll. HNHM, Budapest.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C6565FFAB2D3E338F2BF3CAF71AF3" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE936EEFFAB2D3E338F2BF3CAF71AF3" blockId="3.[151,1436,1845,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAB2D3E338F2BF3CF1B1AD3" box="[151,353,1973,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Toxocampa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limosa">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAB2D3E338F2BF3CF1B1AD3" box="[151,353,1973,1996]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Toxocampa limosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAB2D3E32722BF3CCC71AD3" authority="Graeser, 1890" authorityName="Graeser" authorityYear="1890" box="[362,701,1973,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" rank="variety" variety="nigricostata">
var.
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAB2D3E32812BF3CC601AD3" box="[409,538,1973,1996]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">nigricostata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B1FFFAB2D3E313B2BF3CCC71AD3" author="Graeser" box="[547,701,1973,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" refString="Graeser, L. (1890) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Lepidopteren - Fauna des Amur - landes. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 35, 71 - 84." type="journal article" year="1890">Graeser, 1890</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAB2D3E31D22BF2CD001AD3" bold="true" box="[714,890,1972,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2115787FFAB2D3E31D22BF2CD0F1AD3" box="[714,885,1972,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">new synonymy</taxonomicNameLabel>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAB2D3E309B2BF3CB721AD3" box="[899,1288,1973,1996]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift</emphasis>
35: 80.
<typeStatus id="54ED884CFFAB2D3E367F2BF3CBE61AD3" box="[1383,1436,1973,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="F341767EFFAB2D3E323D2B93CF0A1AF3" box="[293,368,2005,2028]" name="Russia" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Russia</collectingCountry>
: Ussuri [Primorye territory]), Sidemi [Bezverkhovo], coll. MNHU, Berlin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF296666FFAC2D39338F2ABECFAB1A85" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184738/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" targetBox="[164,1430,197,1756]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BE936EEFFAC2D39338F2ABECFAB1A85" blockId="4.[151,1436,1784,1946]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAC2D39338F2ABECF261A0F" bold="true" box="[151,348,1784,1808]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66">FIGURES 17–23.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAC2D39327A2ABECFB11A10" box="[354,459,1784,1807]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lygephila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAC2D39327A2ABECFB11A10" box="[354,459,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="66">Lygephila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., female genitalia. 17,
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAC2D3931F02ABECD0C1A10" box="[744,886,1784,1807]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lygephila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubatolovi">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAC2D3931F02ABECD0C1A10" box="[744,886,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="66">L. dubatolovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, paratype, genit. prep. 5699 M. Fibiger; 18,
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAC2D3936532ABECF281A2D" authority="Russian Far" authorityName="Russian Far" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lygephila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAC2D3936532ABECEC51A2D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="66">L. maxima</emphasis>
, Russian Far
</taxonomicName>
East, Primorye Territory, genit. prep. 5725 M. Fibiger; 19,
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAC2D3930E92B5DCA241A2D" box="[1009,1118,1819,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lygephila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludicra">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAC2D3930E92B5DCA241A2D" box="[1009,1118,1819,1842]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="66">L. ludicra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Mongolia, prep. C21 Barry Goater; 20,
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAC2D39320D2B7BCF011A4B" box="[277,379,1853,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Noctua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="procax">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAC2D39320D2B7BCF011A4B" box="[277,379,1853,1876]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="66">L. procax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Greece, genit. prep. C24 B. Goater; 21,
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAC2D39302A2B7BCDED1A4B" box="[818,919,1853,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Noctua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="procax">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAC2D39302A2B7BCDED1A4B" box="[818,919,1853,1876]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="66">L. procax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAC2D3930AE2B7BCA4D1A4B" box="[950,1079,1853,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lygephila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricostata">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAC2D3930AE2B7BCA4D1A4B" box="[950,1079,1853,1876]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="66">nigricostata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), North China, genit. prep. 75/05 V. Kononenko, CIS; 22, habitat of
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAC2D3931102B26CCBD1A68" authority="Far" authorityName="Far" box="[520,711,1888,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lygephila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubatolovi">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAC2D3931102B26CCEC1A68" box="[520,662,1888,1911]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="66">L. dubatolovi</emphasis>
, Far
</taxonomicName>
Eastern montane broadleaved forest with open meadows; 23, distribution map for
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAC2D3932242BC5CFB01A85" box="[316,458,1923,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lygephila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubatolovi">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAC2D3932242BC5CFB01A85" box="[316,458,1923,1946]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="66">L. dubatolovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34C6565FFAD2D38338F2CD1CF071CD5" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE936EEFFAD2D38338F2CD1CF071CD5" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAD2D38338F2CD1CF671DAE" bold="true" box="[151,285,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
The taxon described as
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAD2D38315E2CDECD591DAE" box="[582,803,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Toxocampa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limosa">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAD2D38315E2CDECD591DAE" box="[582,803,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">Toxocampa limosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAD2D3830342CDECAD11DAD" authority="Graeser (1890)" authorityName="Graeser" authorityYear="1890" box="[812,1195,152,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" rank="variety" variety="nigricostata">
var.
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAD2D3830792CDECD951DAE" box="[865,1007,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">nigricostata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B1FFFAD2D3830E02CDECAD11DAD" author="Graeser" box="[1016,1195,152,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Graeser, L. (1890) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Lepidopteren - Fauna des Amur - landes. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 35, 71 - 84." type="journal article" year="1890">Graeser (1890)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has been treated by authors as a full species,
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAD2D3832D82C86CCB11DC6" box="[448,715,192,217]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lygephila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricostata">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAD2D3832D82C86CCB11DC6" box="[448,715,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">Lygephila nigricostata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Staudinger &amp; Rebel 1902; Warren 1914;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B1FFFAD2D3837D92C86CB231DC5" author="Draudt" box="[1217,1369,192,218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Draudt, M. (1950) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Agrotiden-Fauna Chinas aus den Ausbeuten Dr. H. Hone's. Mitteilungen der Munchener Entomologischen Gesellshaft, 40 (1), 1 - 174." type="journal article" year="1950">Draudt 1950</bibRefCitation>
; Sygi &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B1FFFAD2D3833AE2CAECF451C1D" author="Inoue" box="[182,319,232,258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" refString="Sugi, S. &amp; Inoue, H. (1958). Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Japan. Pt. 5. Noctuidae. Tokyo, Rikusuisha, pp. 431 - 669." type="book chapter" year="1958">Inoue 1958</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B1FFFAD2D3832542CAECFBD1C1D" author="Sugi" box="[332,455,232,258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" refString="Sugi, S. (1982) Noctuidae (except Herminiinae). In Inoue H., S. Sugi, H. Kuroko, S. Moriuti &amp; A. Kawabe. Moths of Japan Vol. 1: 669 - 913, Vol. 2: 334 - 405, pls. 37, 164 - 223, 229, 278, 355 - 280. Kodansha, Tokyo (in Japanese with English synopsis)." type="journal article" year="1982">Sugi 1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B1FFFAD2D3832CC2CAECC681C1D" author="Sugi" box="[468,530,232,258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" refString="Sugi, S. (1989) Noctuidae. In: Hirashima (ed.). The Check List of the Japanese Insects. Fukuoka University, 2, 1042 - 1088 (in Japanese)." type="journal article" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B1FFFAD2D3831072CAECCD01C1D" author="Chen" box="[543,682,232,258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Chen Y. X. (1982) Iconographia Heterocerorum Sinicorum III. Noctuidae, Agaristidae. Institute Zoology Academy Sinica, Beijin, 237 - 390." type="book chapter" year="1982">Chen, 1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B1FFFAD2D3831AF2CAECD051C1D" author="Chen" box="[695,895,232,258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Chen Y. X., Wang, B. H. &amp; Lin, D. W. (1991) The Noctuid Fauna of Xizang, (Tibet). Henan Science and Technology Publishing House, 409 pp." type="book" year="1991">
Chen
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAD2D3831E52CAECD4B1C1E" box="[765,817,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">et al</emphasis>
. 1991
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B1FFFAD2D3830942CAECA6F1C1D" author="Poole" box="[908,1045,232,258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Poole, R. W. (1989) Noctuidae. Lepidopterorum Catalogues (New Series). Fascicle 118, pt 1: v - xii + 1 - 500; pt. 2: 501 - 1013; pt. 3: 1014 - 1314. E. J. Brill, Leiden." type="journal article" year="1989">Poole 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B1FFFAD2D38373A2CAECAC61C1D" author="Hacker" box="[1058,1212,232,258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Hacker, H. (1990) Sytematik und Faunistik der Noctuidae des Himalayanischen Raumes, Beitrag I. Esperiana, 1, 219 - 392." type="journal article" year="1990">Hacker 1990</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B1FFFAD2D3837D12CAECBED1C1D" author="Kononenko" box="[1225,1431,232,258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Kononenko, V. S. (1990) Synonymic check list of the Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) of the Primorye Territory, the Far East of U. S. S. R. Tinea 13, Supplement 1, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1990">Kononenko 1990</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B1FFFAD2D38338F2D56CEAF1C35" author="Kononenko" box="[151,213,272,298]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Kononenko, V. S. (2005) An annotated Check list of the Noctuidae (s. l.) (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea: Nolidae, Erebidae, Micronoctuidae, Noctuidae) of the Asian part of Russia and the Ural region. Noctuidae Sibiricae, Vol. 1, Soro, 243 pp." type="book" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B1FFFAD2D3833FB2D56CF861C35" author="Kononenko" box="[227,508,272,298]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Kononenko, V. S., Ahn, S. - B. &amp; Ronkay, L. (1998) Illustrated Catalogue of Noctuidae in Korea (Lepidoptera). In: K. T. Park (ed.): Insects of Korea, [3], 1 - 509." type="journal article" year="1998">
Kononenko
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAD2D38326E2D56CFCE1C36" box="[374,436,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B1FFFAD2D3831132D56CCC21C35" author="Sviridov" box="[523,696,272,298]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" refString="Sviridov, A. V. (2003) Subfamilies Herminiinae, Rivulinae, Hypeninae, Catocalinae, Sarrothripinae and Chloephorinae. In: Keys for Identification of the Insects of the Far East of Russia. Vol. 5. Trichoptera and Lepidoptera, Part 4. Vladivostok, Dal'nauka, pp. 34 - 187, 217 - 237 (in Russian)." type="book chapter" year="2003">Sviridov 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B1FFFAD2D3831DF2D56CDDC1C35" author="Goater" box="[711,934,272,298]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Goater, B., Ronkay, L. &amp; Fibiger, M. (2003) Catocalinae &amp; Plusiinae. Noctuidae Europaeae, Vol. 10. Entomological Press, Soro, 452 pp." type="book" year="2003">
Goater
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAD2D3830392D56CD2D1C36" box="[801,855,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">et al</emphasis>
. 2003
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B1FFFAD2D3830AD2D56CA991C35" author="Kononenko" box="[949,1251,272,298]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Kononenko, V. S. &amp; Han, H. L. (2007) Atlas Genitalia of the Noctuidae in Korea (Lepidoptera). In: Park, K. T. (ed.): Insects of Korea, [12], 1 - 464." type="journal article" year="2007">Kononenko &amp; Han 2007</bibRefCitation>
). We examined male and female genitalic preparations from topotypical material of
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAD2D3830AE2D7ECA191C4E" box="[950,1123,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lygephila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricostata">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAD2D3830AE2D7ECA191C4E" box="[950,1123,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">L. nigricostata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and compared these to the European
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAD2D3832172D26CFA61C66" box="[271,476,352,377]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lygephila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="procax">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAD2D3832172D26CFA61C66" box="[271,476,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">Lygephila procax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<figureCitation id="136D2A6BFFAD2D3831052D26CCD11C65" box="[541,683,352,378]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 16" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1778,1802]" captionTargetBox="[164,1403,207,1744]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,194,1754]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 16. Lygephila spp., male genitalia. 9, L. dubatolovi, paratype, genit. prep. 5852 M. Fibiger; 10, L. maxima, South Korea, genit. prep. 169 - 1 Han, Hui Lin, CIS; 11, L. ludicra, Turkey, genit. prep. 3561 M. Fibiger; 12 – 14, uncus of L. dubatolovi (12), L. maxima (13) and L. ludicra (14); 15, L. procax, Greece, genit. prep. 3560 M. Fibiger; 16, L. procax (= nigricostata), South Korea, genit. prep. 179 - 1 Han, Hui Lin, CIS." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184737/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">Figs. 15, 16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136D2A6BFFAD2D3831A12D26CD7D1C65" box="[697,775,352,378]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 23" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[164,1430,197,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,197,1757]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 23. Lygephila spp., female genitalia. 17, L. dubatolovi, paratype, genit. prep. 5699 M. Fibiger; 18, L. maxima, Russian Far East, Primorye Territory, genit. prep. 5725 M. Fibiger; 19, L. ludicra, Mongolia, prep. C 21 Barry Goater; 20, L. procax, Greece, genit. prep. C 24 B. Goater; 21, L. procax (= nigricostata), North China, genit. prep. 75 / 05 V. Kononenko, CIS; 22, habitat of L. dubatolovi, Far Eastern montane broadleaved forest with open meadows; 23, distribution map for L. dubatolovi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184738/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">20, 21</figureCitation>
). The two
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAD2D3830902D26CD871C66" box="[904,1021,352,377]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lygephila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAD2D3830902D26CD871C66" box="[904,1021,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">Lygephila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are similar both in wing pattern as well as genitalia, and we find no consistent differences, and therefore relegate
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAD2D38372F2DCECABF1CBE" box="[1079,1221,392,417]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lygephila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricostata">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAD2D38372F2DCECABF1CBE" box="[1079,1221,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">nigricostata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
herein to the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAD2D3832172DF6CF251CD6" box="[271,351,432,457]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lygephila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="procax">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAD2D3832172DF6CF251CD6" box="[271,351,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">procax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 4
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C6565FFAD2D3833DD2D91CCDD1F75" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE936EEFFAD2D3833DD2D91CCDD1F75" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAD2D3833DD2D91CF501CEE" bold="true" box="[197,298,471,497]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">Biology.</emphasis>
The species ccurs in steppe and meadows, scattered deciduous forests, bushes, forest meadows, hillsides. Bivoltine in the southern part of it range, in south Europe three broods, in the Far East two broods. The moth in flight in end IV–VI, and again in VII–VIII to early IX. Larvae feed on
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAD2D3837672E6ECA8B1F5D" box="[1151,1265,552,578]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAD2D3837E52E6ECB4D1F5E" box="[1277,1335,552,577]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAD2D3837E52E6ECB4D1F5E" box="[1277,1335,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">Vicia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAD2D3836502E6ECEC41F76" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Coronilla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAD2D3836502E6ECEC41F76" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">Coronilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAD2D3833D42E16CF531F76" box="[204,297,592,617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Colutea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAD2D3833D42E16CF531F76" box="[204,297,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">Colutea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAD2D3832202E16CFDA1F76" box="[312,416,592,617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lathyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAD2D3832202E16CFDA1F76" box="[312,416,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">Lathyrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Overwinters as pupa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C6565FFAD2D3833DD2E31CD621E15" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE936EEFFAD2D3833DD2E31CD621E15" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAD2D3833DD2E31CF1C1F8E" bold="true" box="[197,358,631,657]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">Distribution.</emphasis>
The geographic range of
<taxonomicName id="4C564D6DFFAD2D38318B2E3ECD241F8E" box="[659,862,632,657]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lygephila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="procax">
<emphasis id="B922EAFCFFAD2D38318B2E3ECD241F8E" box="[659,862,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">Lygephila procax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is trans-Paleractic: Central and southern Europe,
<collectingCountry id="F341767EFFAD2D38338F2EE6CE961FA5" box="[151,236,672,698]" name="Turkey" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">Turkey</collectingCountry>
, Transcaucasia,
<collectingCountry id="F341767EFFAD2D3832B22EE6CC4C1FA5" box="[426,566,672,698]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
, Central Asia (Turkmenia,
<collectingCountry id="F341767EFFAD2D38306B2EE6CD861FA5" box="[883,1020,672,698]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="F341767EFFAD2D3837172EE6CA3B1FA5" box="[1039,1089,672,698]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">Iran</collectingCountry>
, North
<collectingCountry id="F341767EFFAD2D3837802EE6CAAD1FA5" box="[1176,1239,672,698]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F341767EFFAD2D3837FB2EE6CB561FA5" box="[1251,1324,672,698]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">China</collectingCountry>
, southern Siberia (Transbaikalia), south of Russian Far East (Amur region, Khabarovsk and Primorye territory, south Sakhalin, South Kuriles), Korean peninsula and
<collectingCountry id="F341767EFFAD2D3831D52EB6CD6E1E15" box="[717,788,752,778]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">Japan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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