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<document id="F7747E8E95ACC869C2D4F179F840CDEB" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3655.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a6990774-66c7-4586-b14e-354b42d0857b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="223358" ID-ZooBank="FC302AA5-49CC-41B0-9A66-23C11AB4EBAE" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460612493272" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gardini, Giulio" docDate="2013" docId="03DE87C1FFDAF9506B99FC7B1B36A6C4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03655p151.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3655 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Chthonius" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="FFE7FFB9FFEBF9636B0EFF8C1851A078" masterDocTitle="A revision of the species of the pseudoscorpion subgenus Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Italy and neighbouring areas" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1698329375031" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="B457A2F04FC932E6511E40ED3A3CF0BB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="23A57D8949BA69E52D294E202CFCAD2A">
<mods:title id="7C0DCCE8174831598FC511691BC41165">A revision of the species of the pseudoscorpion subgenus Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Italy and neighbouring areas</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="A14B7FB9EEF6AABB59BF899A4F02B935" type="personal">
<mods:role id="690660002240B72011739AE8142D5AFE">
<mods:roleTerm id="748DE99934FDA18CE598B22970216873">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="018A6D0CD46F5602DF0A0C74DD4FAB82">Gardini, Giulio</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="7CFEF0069A04D3E7288A97B396349642">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="C0643414B0D9594D3763082CD8487EB3">
<mods:title id="CF44769BC3C5F5D7EE0792813064E256">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="2BCB38A33763F78CED993E055F8165EB">
<mods:date id="15BFAA101EA12A93DCB85B1F44AFF82D">2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="07F6AAB7028B59850B9409A4A0AD1C29" type="volume">
<mods:number id="B25EA4510536E5C701B7B92D56CE584B">3655</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="9E19B59E04A7C157B6897ED6638BCF73" type="issue">
<mods:number id="C25F9A5CB6D89CD44ADC9332AA7CE31F">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="2A1DBDE0C1DD7CA395802C0A90723BA3">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="76140D7E519C73EB92673B25DFB98B8F">151</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="89816C29AE0CBCA787214DC50FD62D7A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="3FDDF632E4028E069E8EC059ACA7F737" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3655.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6E4728474AF0F8C12D2D3010FED7243B" type="GBIF-Dataset">a6990774-66c7-4586-b14e-354b42d0857b</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BF46B9CBD26AA0BDE8ED725BA0FF7866" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E11AB9878729130F50D1031EBF7D44DF" type="Zenodo-Dep">223358</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="306A9A84FDE33773F1D86295EE165E5E" type="ZooBank">FC302AA5-49CC-41B0-9A66-23C11AB4EBAE</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03DE87C1FFDAF9506B99FC7B1B36A6C4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6155949" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119568577" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6155949" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE87C1FFDAF9506B99FC7B1B36A6C4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE87C1FFDAF9506B99FC7B1B36A6C4" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFFDAF9526B99FC7B1C11A400" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFDAF9526B99FC7B1A14A469" blockId="49.[151,581,1015,1074]" box="[151,581,1015,1041]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<heading id="D08081BBFFDAF9526B99FC7B1A14A469" bold="true" box="[151,581,1015,1041]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFDAF9526B99FC7B1A14A469" bold="true" box="[151,581,1015,1041]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFDAF9526B99FC7B191AA469" bold="true" box="[151,331,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFDAF9526B99FC7B1947A469" ID-CoL="62LNY" box="[151,278,1015,1041]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chthonius</taxonomicName>
(E.)
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFDAF9526A5DFC7B1A14A469" authority="Simon, 1896" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1896" box="[339,581,1015,1041]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gestroi">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFDAF9526A5DFC7B19F5A469" bold="true" box="[339,420,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">gestroi</emphasis>
Simon, 1896
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFDAF9526B99FB96190EA44A" blockId="49.[151,581,1015,1074]" box="[151,351,1050,1074]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
(
<figureCitation id="134C2A52FFDAF9526B91FB961971A44A" box="[159,288,1050,1074]" captionStart="FIGURES 89 – 93" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1717,1740]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,221,1673]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[183,1404,193,1696]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 89 – 93. Chthonius (E.) gestroi Simon, 1896. 89, male (Liguria, Arma Pollera, 4. I. 1981), anterior margin of carapace; 90, id., right chelicera; 91, id., tip of fixed chelal finger, dorsal view; 92, id., right chela, lateral view; 93, female (Liguria, Grotta di Valdemino, 5. X. 1981), right chela, lateral view (redrawn after Gardini, 1990)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223379/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs 89–93</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134C2A52FFDAF9526A25FB961907A44A" box="[299,342,1050,1074]" captionStart="FIGURES 290 – 293" captionStartId="146.[151,264,1815,1838]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@146.[151,1436,193,1794]" captionTargetPageId="146" captionText="FIGURES 290 – 293. Distribution maps for the Italian species of the Chthonius fuscimanus group. 290, Chthonius (E.) boldorii Beier, 1934; 291, Chthonius (E.) genuensis Gardini, 1990, C. (E.) gestroi Simon, 1896, C. (E.) monguzzii n. sp., C. (E.) pieltaini Beier, 1930, C. (E.) troglophilus Beier, 1930 and C. (E.) zoiai Gardini, 1990; 292, Chthonius (E.) etruscus n. sp., C. (E.) latellai n. sp., C. (E.) magrinii n. sp. and C. (E.) sulphureus n. sp.; 293, Chthonius (E.) aeneae n. sp., C. (E.) gallii n. sp., C. (E.) intemelius n. sp. and C. (E.) ligur n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223424/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">291</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFDAF9526B99FBEE1C11A400" blockId="49.[151,1088,1122,1144]" box="[151,1088,1122,1144]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFDAF9526B99FBEE1A96A400" authority="Beier 1932: 59" authorityName="Beier" authorityPageNumber="59" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,711,1122,1144]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gestroi" subGenus="Ephippiochthonius">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFDAF9526B99FBEE1A71A400" box="[151,544,1122,1144]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) gestroi</emphasis>
: Beier 1932: 59
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 73; Gardini 1990: 232, figs 1–8.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFFDAF9526B99FB291D5DA4C5" box="[151,1292,1188,1214]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFDAF9526B99FB291D5DA4C5" blockId="49.[151,1436,1188,1969]" box="[151,1292,1188,1214]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFDAF9526B99FB291968A4C6" bold="true" box="[151,313,1189,1214]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<typeStatus id="54CC8875FFDAF9526B99FB291883A4C5" box="[151,210,1189,1213]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
Liguria, Savona Prov., Finale Ligure, Arma Pollera 24 Li/SV (44°11ʹ58ʺN 8°18ʹ54ʺE).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFFDAF9526BC9FB451A52A499" box="[199,515,1225,1250]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFDAF9526BC9FB451A52A499" blockId="49.[151,1436,1188,1969]" box="[199,515,1225,1250]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFDAF9526BC9FB451931A49A" bold="true" box="[199,352,1225,1250]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3607647FFDAF9526A69FB4519CEA499" box="[359,415,1225,1249]" name="Italy" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Italy</collectingCountry>
: Liguria.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFFDAF9526BC9FB611C3CA65D" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFDAF9526BC9FB611C3CA65D" blockId="49.[151,1436,1188,1969]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFDAF9526BC9FB61191BA57E" bold="true" box="[199,330,1261,1286]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Diagnosis (</emphasis>
Ƥ
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFDAF9526A7AFB6119D5A57E" bold="true" box="[372,388,1261,1286]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">).</emphasis>
An anophthalmic hypogean
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFDAF95269C9FB611C76A57D" authority="(Ephippiochthonius)" baseAuthorityName="Ephippiochthonius" box="[711,1063,1261,1285]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFDAF95269C9FB611C76A57D" box="[711,1063,1261,1285]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from western Liguria that differs from other species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFDAF9526AC5FA9E1A3FA551" box="[459,622,1297,1321]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscimanus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFDAF9526AC5FA9E1A3FA551" box="[459,622,1297,1321]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. fuscimanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group in the following combination of characters: highly specialized troglomorphic facies; movable cheliceral finger with the isolated subapical tooth (
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFDAF9526F4CFAB91C06A535" box="[1090,1111,1333,1357]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">di</emphasis>
) at level with the spinneret; both sexes with prominent spinneret; pedipalpal hand (in lateral view) without a rounded hump distad of trichobothria
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFDAF9526A3FFAF11920A5ED" box="[305,369,1405,1429]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">ib-isb</emphasis>
, rarely weakly depressed at level of
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFDAF9526815FAF11B0AA5ED" box="[795,859,1405,1429]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">ib-isb</emphasis>
; pedipalpal fixed finger at level of
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFDAF9526FFBFAF21D7CA5ED" box="[1269,1325,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">est-it</emphasis>
with 2–3 teeth occupying
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFDAF9526A5FFA2D19F9A5C1" box="[337,424,1441,1465]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
(distance between successive apices
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFDAF9526842FA2D1B92A5C1" box="[844,963,1441,1465]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.04">0.040 mm</quantity>
); distal half of movable chelal finger with 11–14 triangular teeth, proximal half with thick and weakly undulated marginal lamina; length of chela 1.50–1.70 (3), 1.65–1.86 (Ƥ) mm, length of movable chelal finger 0.86–0.96 (3), 0.955–1.07 (Ƥ) mm; chela 7.5–8.1 (3), 7.25–8.45 (Ƥ) times as long as deep; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.8–2.05 (3Ƥ).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFFDAF9526BC9F9BE1AF3A7C9" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFDAF9526BC9F9BE1C0BA615" blockId="49.[151,1436,1188,1969]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFDAF9526BC9F9BE19BEA632" bold="true" box="[199,495,1585,1610]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<typeStatus id="54CC8875FFDAF9526BC9F9BE1953A632" box="[199,258,1586,1610]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Type</typeStatus>
material examined.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3607647FFDAF9526AF8F9BE1A14A632" box="[502,581,1586,1610]" name="Italy" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">ITALY</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFDAF952694BF9BE1A30A632" bold="true" box="[581,609,1586,1610]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">—</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFDAF952696FF9BE1B0BA631" box="[609,858,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Liguria: Savona Prov.</emphasis>
—1 3 (
<typeStatus id="54CC8875FFDAF95268A0F9BD1C47A631" box="[942,1046,1585,1609]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), “
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFDAF9526F38F9BD1D6EA631" authority="Gestroi E. S." authorityName="Gestroi E. S." box="[1078,1343,1585,1609]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFDAF9526F38F9BD1D52A631" box="[1078,1283,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Chthonius Gestroi</emphasis>
E. S.
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54CC8875FFDAF9526E49F9BD1DD8A631" box="[1351,1417,1585,1609]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">typus</typeStatus>
! / Gr. Pollera R. Barberi” [Finale Ligure, Arma Pollera 24 Li/SV,
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFDAF9526853F9D91BF4A615" box="[861,933,1621,1645]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.84" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="284.0">284 m</quantity>
a.s.l.] (MSNG).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFDAF9526BC9F9F51AF3A7C9" blockId="49.[151,1436,1188,1969]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFDAF9526BC9F9F51A51A6EA" bold="true" box="[199,512,1657,1682]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Other material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3607647FFDAF9526906F9F61A06A6EA" box="[520,599,1658,1682]" name="Italy" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">ITALY</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFDAF9526959F9F61A22A6EA" bold="true" box="[599,627,1658,1682]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">—</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFDAF952697DF9F61B3EA6E9" box="[627,879,1658,1681]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Liguria: Savona Prov.</emphasis>
—1 Ƥ, Borgio Verezzi, Grotta di Valdemino 160 Li/SV,
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFDAF9526BE7F9111974A6CD" box="[233,293,1693,1717]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
a.s.l.,
<date id="FFC91017FFDAF9526A7AF911198CA6CD" box="[372,477,1693,1717]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1979-02-07">7.II.1979</date>
, C. Bonzano leg.; 4 Ƥ 1T, id.,
<date id="FFC91017FFDAF9526845F9111BE7A6CD" box="[843,950,1693,1717]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1981-10-05">5.X.1981</date>
, S. Zoia leg.;
<date id="FFC91017FFDAF9526F53F9111CE6A6CD" box="[1117,1207,1693,1717]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1931-02-03">31 3 2</date>
Ƥ, “Grotta Pollera,
<date id="FFC91017FFDAF9526B99F94D1944A6A1" box="[151,277,1729,1753]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1897-04-12">12.IV.1897</date>
, Solari” [id., Arma Pollera 24 Li/SV,
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFDAF95269B2F94D1B52A6A1" box="[700,771,1729,1753]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.84" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="284.0">284 m</quantity>
a.s.l.] (MSNG); 1 3, “Gr. Pollera,
<date id="FFC91017FFDAF9526F81F94D1D5CA6A1" box="[1167,1293,1729,1753]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1897-04-14">14.IV.1897</date>
, A. Dodero” [id.] (MSNG); 1 3, id., Arma Pollera 24 Li/SV,
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFDAF95269EEF9691B7DA685" box="[736,812,1765,1789]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.84" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="284.0">284 m</quantity>
a.s.l.,
<date id="FFC91017FFDAF952688EF9691C53A685" box="[896,1026,1765,1789]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1967-11-27">27.XI.1967</date>
, A. Vigna leg. (MSNV); 1 Ƥ, id.,
<date id="FFC91017FFDAF9526B99F885195AA759" box="[151,267,1801,1825]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1974-11-03">3.XI.1974</date>
, L. Briganti, G. Gardini &amp; S. Zoia leg.; 1 3, id.,
<date id="FFC91017FFDAF9526830F8851BCCA759" box="[830,925,1801,1825]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1981-01-04">4.I.1981</date>
, Gruppo Entomologico Ligure leg.; 1 Ƥ, id.,
<date id="FFC91017FFDAF9526B99F8A11945A73D" box="[151,276,1837,1861]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1981-12-07">7.XII.1981</date>
, S. Zoia leg.; 1 3, id.,
<date id="FFC91017FFDAF952691DF8A11AD1A73D" box="[531,640,1837,1861]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1982-01-17">17.I.1982</date>
, S. Durante leg.; 1 Ƥ, id., Grotta di S. Antonino 30 Li/SV,
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFDAF9526E1DF8A11D0BA73D" box="[1299,1370,1837,1861]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.83" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="283.0">283 m</quantity>
a.s.l.,
<date id="FFC91017FFDAF9526B99F8DD1955A711" box="[151,260,1873,1897]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1988-01-17">17.I.1988</date>
, S. Zoia leg.; 1 Ƥ 1T “ Gr. Arene Candide, 26.Ag.1897, Solari leg. [id., Arma de Arene Candide 34 Li/ SV,
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFDAF9526BCBF8F9195DA7F5" box="[197,268,1909,1933]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="110.0">110 m</quantity>
a.s.l.] (MSNG); 1 Ƥ (M. Beier det., C. Menozzi det.), “Gr. Arene Candide n. 34 Li (
<collectingCountry id="F3607647FFDAF9526FCDF8F91CA5A7F5" box="[1219,1268,1909,1933]" name="Iceland" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Sala</collectingCountry>
Solari), Finale Lig.,
<date id="FFC91017FFDAF9526BDDF8151902A7C9" box="[211,339,1945,1969]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1935-03-10">10.III.1935</date>
, F. Capra leg.” [id.] (MSNG).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF08665FFFD9F9516B99F9391C3CA772" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223379/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" targetBox="[194,1393,221,1673]" targetPageId="50">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFD9F9516B99F9391C3CA772" blockId="50.[151,1436,1717,1802]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD9F9516B99F9391902A6B3" bold="true" box="[151,339,1717,1740]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">FIGURES 89–93</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD9F9516A6BF93A1A51A6B4" box="[357,512,1718,1740]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD9F9516A6BF93A199CA6B4" box="[357,461,1718,1740]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chthonius</taxonomicName>
(E.)
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD9F9516903F93B1ABBA6B4" authority="Simon, 1896" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1896" box="[525,746,1718,1740]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gestroi">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD9F9516903F93B1A03A6B4" box="[525,594,1719,1740]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">gestroi</emphasis>
Simon, 1896
</taxonomicName>
. 89, male (Liguria, Arma Pollera, 4.I.1981), anterior margin of carapace; 90, id., right chelicera; 91, id., tip of fixed chelal finger, dorsal view; 92, id., right chela, lateral view; 93, female (Liguria, Grotta di Valdemino, 5.X.1981), right chela, lateral view (redrawn after Gardini, 1990).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFFD9F9506BC9F8B9190DA52C" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFD9F9506BC9F8B91D01A36C" blockId="50.[151,1436,1845,2014]" lastBlockId="51.[151,1437,151,1724]" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD9F9516BC9F8B919B3A736" bold="true" box="[199,482,1845,1870]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Description of adults (</emphasis>
Ƥ
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD9F9516902F8B91A4DA736" bold="true" box="[524,540,1845,1870]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">).</emphasis>
Highly specialized troglomorphic facies. Integument without pigmentation; hispid granulation on lateral surfaces of carapace and on cheliceral palm. Carapace 1.0–1.1 times as long as broad, posteriorly constricted; anterior margin (fig. 89) closely dentate between median macrosetae, weakly prominent in females, without epistome; no eyes or eye-spots; chaetotaxy mm
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFD9F9516896F82E1B88A7C2" box="[920,985,1954,1978]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="4.0">4mm</quantity>
:6:4:2:2 (18), microsetae fine; length of anteromedian macrosetae
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFD9F9516ACFF84A1A38A7A6" box="[449,617,1990,2014]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6999999999999997" metricValueMax="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="0.16999999999999998" valueMax="0.18" valueMin="0.16">0.16–0.18 mm</quantity>
. Chaetotaxy of tergites
<date id="FFC91017FFD9F9516873F84B1B95A7A6" box="[893,964,1990,2014]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">I–X 4</date>
:4:4:4:6:6:6:6:6:4. Chaetotaxy of sternites
<date id="FFC91017FFD8F9506B99FF1418A8A0D7" box="[151,249,151,175]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2010-02" valueMax="2010-10-31" valueMin="2010-02-10">II–X 10</date>
:(3)7–10(3):(2)7–9(2):7or9:6:6:6:6:7; genital opening of males flanked by 8–10 setae on each side. Chelicerae (fig. 90) 2.4–2.5 times as long as broad, palm with 6 setae and 1–4 microsetae laterally; fixed finger with 15–20 subequal teeth proximally reduced in size; movable finger with isolated subapical tooth (
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F9506E2EFF6C1D64A080" box="[1312,1333,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">di</emphasis>
) at level with the spinneret and with 8–12 teeth proximally reduced in size;
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F9506871FE881BC4A164" box="[895,917,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">gl</emphasis>
ratio 0.55–0.60; spinneret small, tooth-shaped in males, larger in females; rallum with 11 blades. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process),
<date id="FFC91017FFD8F9506E9DFEA418F4A11C" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">I 3</date>
(rarely 4) + 3 marginal microsetae,
<date id="FFC91017FFD8F9506935FEC11A35A11C" box="[571,612,332,356]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">II 4</date>
(rarely 5),
<date id="FFC91017FFD8F95069ECFEC11B44A11C" box="[738,789,332,356]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">III 5</date>
,
<date id="FFC91017FFD8F950682CFEC11B06A11C" box="[802,855,332,356]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">IV 6</date>
; coxa II with 15–18 coxal spines, coxa III with 6–8 coxal spines; intercoxal tubercle bisetose (rarely trisetose). Pedipalp: femur 9.0–9.5 (3), 8.6–10.7 (Ƥ) times as long as broad; chela (figs 91–93) 7.5–8.1 (3), 7.25–8.45 (Ƥ) times as long as deep; hand of chela 3.1–3.3 (3), 3.0–3.5 (Ƥ) times as long as deep, weakly depressed at level of
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F9506813FE341B0CA1A8" box="[797,861,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">ib-isb</emphasis>
; fixed chelal finger with 18–21 triangular pointed teeth, except for the first 1–3 proximal ones, with rounded tip, all with dental canals; base of fixed finger with 5–8 microtubercles; tip of fixed finger with a modified accessory tooth (
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F9506885FD8C1BF0A260" box="[907,929,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">td</emphasis>
) on antiaxial face; fixed chelal finger al level of
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F9506BB8FDA918BFA244" box="[182,238,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">est-it</emphasis>
with 2–3 teeth occupying
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFD8F9506912FDA81A22A244" box="[540,627,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
(distance between successive apices
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFD8F9506F17FDA81CC1A244" box="[1049,1168,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.04">0.040 mm</quantity>
); distal half of movable finger with 11–14 upright, triangular teeth, the first 1–3 proximal ones sometimes reduced, rounded, all with dental canals; proximal half of movable chelal finger with thick marginal lamina mostly straight, sometimes weakly irregularly undulated; coupled sensilla
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F9506943FD1D1A36A2D0" box="[589,615,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">pc</emphasis>
variably placed between
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F9506889FD1C1BF1A2D0" box="[903,928,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">sb</emphasis>
and halfway between
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F9506F90FD1C1CFDA2D0" box="[1182,1196,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">b</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F9506FEDFD1C1CADA2D0" box="[1251,1276,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">sb</emphasis>
; trichobothria as in figs 92–93,
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F9506A6EFD38199CA2B4" box="[352,461,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">eb-esb-ist</emphasis>
placed in a straight line or
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F9506801FD391B7BA2B4" box="[783,810,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">ist</emphasis>
a little proximad of the line
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F9506F77FD381C93A2B4" box="[1145,1218,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">eb-esb</emphasis>
; basal apodeme of movable finger strongly sclerotized, rectangular and fine; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 1.35–1.4 (3Ƥ); ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.2–1.35 (3Ƥ); ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.8–2.05 (3Ƥ).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFD8F9506BC9FCAC1A15A3BF" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,1724]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Measurements (in mm). Body length 1.9–2.3 (3), 2.0–2.45 (Ƥ). Carapace 0.57–0.61 × 0.54–0.59 (3), 0.64– 0.70 × 0.61–0.66 (Ƥ). Chelicerae 0.54–0.61 × 0.22–0.25 (3), 0.64–0.69 × 0.26–0.28 (Ƥ), movable finger length 0.27–0.31 (3), 0.33–0.37 (Ƥ). Pedipalp: femur 1.08–1.22 × 0.12–0.13 (3), 1.21–1.44 × 0.13–0.14 (Ƥ); chela 1.50– 1.70 × 0.19–0.21 (3), 1.65–1.86 × 0.22–0.24 (Ƥ); hand length 0.61–0.70 (3), 0.68–0.78 (Ƥ); movable finger length 0.86–0.96 (3), 0.955–1.07 (Ƥ).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFD8F9506BC9FC5F1CB5A574" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,1724]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F9506BC9FC5F1A5CA394" bold="true" box="[199,525,979,1004]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Description of tritonymph.</emphasis>
Integument without pigmentation, with weak hispid granulation. Carapace 1.1 times longer than broad; no eyes or eye-spots and no epistome; chaetotaxy m
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFD8F9506F3BFC7B1C0EA477" box="[1077,1119,1015,1039]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="4.0">4m</quantity>
:6:4:2:2 (18). Chaetotaxy of tergites as in adults. Chaetotaxy of sternites
<date id="FFC91017FFD8F9506984FB911A86A44C" box="[650,727,1052,1076]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">II–X 5</date>
:(2)8(2):(1)6(1):7:6:6:6:6:7. Cheliceral palm with 5 setae and 2 lateral microsetae; spinneret as in females. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process),
<date id="FFC91017FFD8F9506E41FBCC1D3FA42F" box="[1359,1390,1087,1111]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">I 3</date>
+ 2 marginal microsetae,
<date id="FFC91017FFD8F9506A88FBE919E1A404" box="[390,432,1124,1148]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">II 4</date>
,
<date id="FFC91017FFD8F9506AB5FBE919BCA404" box="[443,493,1124,1148]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">III 5</date>
,
<date id="FFC91017FFD8F9506AF7FBE91A7CA404" box="[505,557,1124,1148]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">IV 5</date>
; intercoxal tubercle bisetose. Pedipalp: chela (see Gardini 1990, fig. 7) 7.0–7.5 times as long as deep; hand of chela 2.8–3.0 times as long as deep; fixed chelal finger with 16–19 triangular teeth, of which the first 1–2 distal ones are reduced and apically rounded; base of fixed finger with 7–8 microtubercles; tip of fixed finger with a modified accessory tooth (
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F95069E6FB5C1AAFA490" box="[744,766,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">td</emphasis>
) on antiaxial face; distal half of movable finger with 9–10 triangular teeth; coupled sensilla
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F9506905FB791A74A574" box="[523,549,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">pc</emphasis>
a little distad of
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F95069ECFB781AA1A574" box="[738,752,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">b</emphasis>
; ratio movable finger/hand of chela 1.4–1.5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFD8F9506BC9FA94190DA52C" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,1724]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Measurements of pedipalps (in mm). Chela 1.05–1.16 × 0.15–0.155; hand length 0.42–0.47; movable finger length 0.63–0.67.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFFD8F9506BC9FAEC1B36A6C4" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFD8F9506BC9FAEC1D32A5E4" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,1724]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F9506BC9FAEC196AA500" bold="true" box="[199,315,1376,1400]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Remarks.</emphasis>
Among the species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD8F950696DFAEC1B0BA500" box="[611,858,1376,1400]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscimanus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F950696DFAEC1B0BA500" box="[611,858,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Chthonius fuscimanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group,
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD8F95068BEFAEC1C4CA500" box="[944,1053,1376,1400]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gestroi">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F95068BEFAEC1C4CA500" box="[944,1053,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C. gestroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is related to the epigean
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD8F9506E3CFAEC1DC4A500" box="[1330,1429,1376,1400]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F9506E3CFAEC1DC4A500" box="[1330,1429,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C. nanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a widespread species in the same geographical area, from which it clearly differs in troglomorphic characters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFD8F9506BC9FA241B36A6C4" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,1724]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD8F9506BC9FA241964A5B8" box="[199,309,1448,1472]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gestroi">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F9506BC9FA241964A5B8" box="[199,309,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C. gestroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was redescribed from
<typeStatus id="54CC8875FFD8F9506936FA241A39A5B8" box="[568,616,1448,1472]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
material by Gardini (1990). It is related to the hypogean
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD8F9506FFCFA241DCDA5B8" box="[1266,1436,1448,1472]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglophilus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F9506FFCFA241DCDA5B8" box="[1266,1436,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C. troglophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Maritime and Ligurian Alps and pre-Alps, from which it differs in the stronger troglomorphic facies: length of chela
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFD8F9506A43FA6319A2A67F" box="[333,499,1519,1543]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="1.6" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.5">1.50–1.70 mm</quantity>
(3) 1.65–1.86 (Ƥ) mm in
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD8F9506820FA7C1BCFA670" box="[814,926,1520,1544]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gestroi">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F9506820FA7C1BCFA670" box="[814,926,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C. gestroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 1.0–
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFD8F95068EEFA631C16A67F" box="[992,1095,1519,1543]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.29" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="1.29">1.29 mm</quantity>
(3) 0.77–1.39 (Ƥ) mm in
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD8F9506E8CFA7C194EA654" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglophilus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F9506E8CFA7C194EA654" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C. troglophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; in the more elongated appendages (chela 7.5–8.1 (3) 7.25–8.45 (Ƥ) times as long as deep in
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD8F9506E8CF99918B5A628" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gestroi">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F9506E8CF99918B5A628" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C. gestroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 6.7–7.6 (3) 5.45–6.9 (Ƥ) times as long as deep in
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD8F9506821F9B41B88A628" box="[815,985,1592,1616]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglophilus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F9506821F9B41B88A628" box="[815,985,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C. troglophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and in the dentition of the fixed chelal finger with 18–21 teeth, at level of
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F950693CF9D11A3BA60C" box="[562,618,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">est-it</emphasis>
with 2–3 teeth occupying
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFD8F95068AEF9D01BA9A60C" box="[928,1016,1628,1652]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
(distance between successive apices
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFD8F9506B99F9F3195AA6EF" box="[151,267,1663,1687]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.04">0.040 mm</quantity>
) in
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD8F9506A34F90C19F8A6E0" box="[314,425,1664,1688]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gestroi">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F9506A34F90C19F8A6E0" box="[314,425,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C. gestroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as opposed to 13–17 teeth, at level of
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F9506863F90D1BF4A6E0" box="[877,933,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">est-it</emphasis>
with 3–4 teeth occupying
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFD8F9506FD9F9F31D7FA6EF" box="[1239,1326,1663,1687]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
(distance between successive apices
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFD8F9506ACBF9281AD9A6C4" box="[453,648,1700,1724]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.028999999999999998" valueMax="0.031" valueMin="0.027">0.027–0.031 mm</quantity>
), in
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD8F95069B6F9291B30A6C4" box="[696,865,1700,1724]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglophilus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD8F95069B6F9291B30A6C4" box="[696,865,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C. troglophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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