treatments-xml/data/9D/7D/A9/9D7DA92FFF83855B89AE5A5793A1FF50.xml

<document id="0F194C813372921E71AC16D176CF8EAA" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5576.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14762941" ID-ZooBank="7A65A968-EF09-4F1A-AF0D-470BDF2EE1DD" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1738153019743" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Suárez-Morales, Eduardo &amp; P. M. B, Alexander David Mckinnon" docDate="2025" docId="9D7DA92FFF83855B89AE5A5793A1FF50" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5576.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5576 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5576.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Monstrilla fisgata Suárez-Morales &amp; B, 2025, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="6144D157FFAD856B89395F289001FFA9" masterDocTitle="The Australian Monstrilloida 3. Caromiobenella Jeon, Lee &amp; Soh, 2018, Monstrilla Dana, 1849, and Sarsimonstrillus n. gen." masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1738153737733" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C3AE0A2758883F8EBD93B41053FB2FC4">The Australian Monstrilloida 3. Caromiobenella Jeon, Lee &amp; Soh, 2018, Monstrilla Dana, 1849, and Sarsimonstrillus n. gen.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="90C2AC072D8179A42152394AD64E9707">Suárez-Morales, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A15FC9A7AF465DA19F491E1B5663549B">El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR). Unidad Chetumal. Chetumal, Quintana Roo 77014. Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="91A3363F53C5CF2FE84186ABAEE66328">P. M. B, Alexander David Mckinnon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="FD8BDD7D2923139BB1D90C3E9AD851EA">2025</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="156B1839FF83854589AE5A5791D5FA33" blockId="46.[151,971,1407,1506]" box="[151,468,1407,1434]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<heading id="4E23AF55FF83854589AE5A5791D5FA33" bold="true" box="[151,468,1407,1434]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="D2D463BAFF83854589AE5A57916EFA30" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; P.M.B" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,367,1407,1434]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fisgata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF83854589AE5A57916EFA30" bold="true" box="[151,367,1407,1434]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Monstrilla fisgata</emphasis>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 
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<subSubSection id="5DCE4BB2FF83854589AE5AE0912FFA4B" box="[151,302,1480,1506]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="156B1839FF83854589AE5AE0912FFA4B" blockId="46.[151,971,1407,1506]" box="[151,302,1480,1506]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
(
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF83854589A65AE09127FA4B" box="[159,294,1480,1506]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 29" captionStart-1="FIGURE 30" captionStart-2="FIGURE 31" captionStartId-0="48.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionStartId-1="49.[151,250,1729,1753]" captionStartId-2="50.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox-0="[164,1423,286,1755]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1427,191,1703]" captionTargetBox-2="[158,1430,181,1840]" captionTargetId-0="figure-62@48.[151,1435,273,1768]" captionTargetId-1="figure-23@49.[151,1436,181,1705]" captionTargetId-2="figure-18@50.[158,1430,181,1840]" captionTargetPageId-0="48" captionTargetPageId-1="49" captionTargetPageId-2="50" captionText-0="FIGURE 29. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) habitus, lateral view; B) cephalic structures showing medial eye cups (mec), lateral eye cups (lec), hyaline bodies (hb), protruding preoral pore (pp), nipple-like process (nlp), oral cone (oc), and integumental warts; C) leg 2 exopod showing setiform outer apical setal element on first segment and reduced outer spine; D) legs 1 and 2 outer spine of third exopodal segment; E) leg 3, same spine, showing distal attenuation; F) leg 4, same; G) urosome and caudal rami showing genital complex and caudal setae I–V, lateral view." captionText-1="FIGURE 30. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) right geniculate antennule showing setation pattern with nomenclature of segments I–IV following Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka (1995) and Huys et al. (2007) for fifth segment; B) left antennule fifth segment showing setation pattern following Huys et al.’s nomenclature; C) cephalic preoral ornamentation showing ventral pores (vpore), nipple-like processes (nlp), medial (mec) and lateral (lec) eye cups, pair of small forehead sensilla, and oral cone (oc); D) globose genital complex showing genital lappets with apical 3- pointed process (arrows)." captionText-2="FIGURE 31. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) left antennule fifth segment showing inner swelling of fourth segment proximal half (arrow), dorsal view; B) genital complex (GC) showing genital lappets (L) each with 3-pointed tips (arrows), ventral view; C) cephalic structures showing medial eye cup (mec), lateral eye cups (lec), nipple-like processes (nlp), and oral cone (oc), ventral view; D) caudal rami showing caudal setae I–VI, dorsal view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763016" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763018" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763020" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14763016/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14763018/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14763020/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figs. 29–31</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5DCE4BB2FF83854589AE59219563F9E1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="156B1839FF83854589AE5921954BF98D" blockId="46.[151,1437,1545,2040]" box="[151,1354,1545,1572]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF83854589AE59219180F98A" bold="true" box="[151,385,1545,1571]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Material examined.</emphasis>
Adult male 
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, undissected, mounted on slide in glycerine, (ECO-CHZ-12533).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="156B1839FF83854589FE59059563F9E1" blockId="46.[151,1437,1545,2040]" box="[199,1378,1581,1608]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<materialsCitation id="A5BC1264FF83854589FE5905955FF9E1" box="[199,1374,1581,1608]" collectingDate="1985-06-17" country="Australia" latitude="-38.38525" location="Western Port Bay" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="145.42285" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Victoria" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF83854589FE59059167F9EE" bold="true" box="[199,358,1581,1607]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<typeStatus id="CA6FA69BFF83854589FE59059103F9EE" box="[199,258,1581,1607]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location id="100B4EE2FF838545885559069233F9E1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9D7DA92FFF83855B89AE5A5793A1FF50:100B4EE2FF838545885559069233F9E1" box="[364,562,1582,1608]" country="Australia" latitude="-38.38525" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="145.42285" name="Western Port Bay" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" stateProvince="Victoria">Western Port Bay</location>
, 
<collectingRegion id="D710D6DBFF8385458B0559059298F9EE" box="[572,665,1581,1607]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Victoria</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="6DC358A9FF8385458B9A5905930BF9EE" box="[675,778,1581,1607]" name="Australia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="70E07EFEFF8385458A21590593ADF9EE" box="[792,940,1581,1608]" degrees="38" direction="south" minutes="23.115" orientation="latitude" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" precision="1" value="-38.38525">38°23.115’ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="70E07EFEFF8385458A805905945AF9EE" box="[953,1115,1581,1608]" degrees="145" direction="east" minutes="25.371" orientation="longitude" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" precision="1" value="145.42285">145°25.371’ E</geoCoordinate>
) coll. on 
<date id="616A3EF9FF8385458DFF5905955FF9E1" box="[1222,1374,1581,1608]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="1985-06-17">
<collectingDate id="712EC711FF8385458DFF5905955FF9E1" box="[1222,1374,1581,1608]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="1985-06-17">17 June 1985</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5DCE4BB2FF83854589FE59799220F85E" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="156B1839FF83854589FE59799220F85E" blockId="46.[151,1437,1545,2040]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF83854589FE59799143F9C2" bold="true" box="[199,322,1617,1643]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Small (total length &lt;
<quantity id="D22CB5DCFF8385458B7B59799285F9C2" box="[578,644,1617,1643]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
) male monstrilloid with relatively short, slender cephalothorax, less than half of total body length; forehead flat in ventral view, projected anteriorly in lateral view, ornamented with few integumental ridges and pair of sensilla. Urosome relatively short, robust, about 1/4 of total body length. Oral cone moderately protuberant; preoral ventral surface ornamentation comprising pair of hyaline bodies, medial subtriangular protuberance, pair of nipple-like integumental processes and adjacent field of deep integumental wrinkles. Dorsal anterior surface ornamented with field of wart-like integumental processes. Antennules short, 5- segmented; fifth segment geniculate, with simple setae only. Fifth pedigerous somite with straight lateral margins, ventral surface smooth; genital somite carrying short, compact genital complex comprising robust, short shaft and pair of thick, thumb-shaped genital lappets curved inwards as pincer, the latter with distal half coarsely ridged along outer and inner margins, unornamented, medially connected by large globose process furnished with crescent-shaped integumental scars, and forming three-pointed chitinized process apically. Caudal rami armed with 6 caudal setae subequal in length and width.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5DCE4BB2FF82854489FE5FBE917BFA4C" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="description">
<paragraph id="156B1839FF82854489FE5FBE937AFE5C" blockId="47.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF82854489FE5FBE9222FF18" bold="true" box="[199,547,150,177]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Description of male 
<typeStatus id="CA6FA69BFF828544888C5FBF921FFF18" box="[437,542,151,177]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Body relatively slender, small. Total body length of 
<typeStatus id="CA6FA69BFF8285448D535FBF94CDFF18" box="[1130,1228,151,177]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<quantity id="D22CB5DCFF8285448DEA5FBF9537FF18" box="[1235,1334,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="0.92">0.92 mm</quantity>
in dorsal view. Cephalothorax almost 45% of total body length (
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF8285448A385F939368FF7C" box="[769,873,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,286,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-62@48.[151,1435,273,1768]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 29. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) habitus, lateral view; B) cephalic structures showing medial eye cups (mec), lateral eye cups (lec), hyaline bodies (hb), protruding preoral pore (pp), nipple-like process (nlp), oral cone (oc), and integumental warts; C) leg 2 exopod showing setiform outer apical setal element on first segment and reduced outer spine; D) legs 1 and 2 outer spine of third exopodal segment; E) leg 3, same spine, showing distal attenuation; F) leg 4, same; G) urosome and caudal rami showing genital complex and caudal setae I–V, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763016/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 29A</figureCitation>
), with flat forehead in dorsal and ventral position, ornamented with pair of sensilla (
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF8285448B2C5FF7927CFF50" box="[533,637,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1729,1753]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,191,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-23@49.[151,1436,181,1705]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 30. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) right geniculate antennule showing setation pattern with nomenclature of segments I–IV following Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka (1995) and Huys et al. (2007) for fifth segment; B) left antennule fifth segment showing setation pattern following Huys et al.’s nomenclature; C) cephalic preoral ornamentation showing ventral pores (vpore), nipple-like processes (nlp), medial (mec) and lateral (lec) eye cups, pair of small forehead sensilla, and oral cone (oc); D) globose genital complex showing genital lappets with apical 3- pointed process (arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763018/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 30C</figureCitation>
); in lateral view forehead projected anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF8285448DAD5FF7951CFF50" box="[1172,1309,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,286,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-62@48.[151,1435,273,1768]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 29. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) habitus, lateral view; B) cephalic structures showing medial eye cups (mec), lateral eye cups (lec), hyaline bodies (hb), protruding preoral pore (pp), nipple-like process (nlp), oral cone (oc), and integumental warts; C) leg 2 exopod showing setiform outer apical setal element on first segment and reduced outer spine; D) legs 1 and 2 outer spine of third exopodal segment; E) leg 3, same spine, showing distal attenuation; F) leg 4, same; G) urosome and caudal rami showing genital complex and caudal setae I–V, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763016/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 29A, B</figureCitation>
); projected section comprising hyaline bodies (
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF8285448B1D5E2B9263FEB5" box="[548,610,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="714565C8FF8285448B515E2B935BFEB4" author="Suarez-Morales, E." box="[616,858,259,285]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="92 - 103" refId="ref45027" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (2018) Monstrilloid copepods: the best of three worlds. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 107, 92 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.3160 / 3646.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Suárez-Morales 2018</bibRefCitation>
) (phb in 
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF8285448A875E2B9445FEB4" box="[958,1092,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,286,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-62@48.[151,1435,273,1768]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 29. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) habitus, lateral view; B) cephalic structures showing medial eye cups (mec), lateral eye cups (lec), hyaline bodies (hb), protruding preoral pore (pp), nipple-like process (nlp), oral cone (oc), and integumental warts; C) leg 2 exopod showing setiform outer apical setal element on first segment and reduced outer spine; D) legs 1 and 2 outer spine of third exopodal segment; E) leg 3, same spine, showing distal attenuation; F) leg 4, same; G) urosome and caudal rami showing genital complex and caudal setae I–V, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763016/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 29A, B</figureCitation>
); fused first pedigerous somite with posterodistal corners weakly expanded, reaching proximal 1/3 of succeeding second pedigerous somite. Eye cups and field of wart-like integumental processes on anteriormost dorsal surface (warts in 
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF8285448DF05E639535FECC" box="[1225,1332,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,286,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-62@48.[151,1435,273,1768]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 29. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) habitus, lateral view; B) cephalic structures showing medial eye cups (mec), lateral eye cups (lec), hyaline bodies (hb), protruding preoral pore (pp), nipple-like process (nlp), oral cone (oc), and integumental warts; C) leg 2 exopod showing setiform outer apical setal element on first segment and reduced outer spine; D) legs 1 and 2 outer spine of third exopodal segment; E) leg 3, same spine, showing distal attenuation; F) leg 4, same; G) urosome and caudal rami showing genital complex and caudal setae I–V, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763016/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 29A</figureCitation>
). Preoral ventral surface integumental ornamentation comprising: (1) medial protuberant process (pp in 
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF8285448D885E479537FE20" box="[1201,1334,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,286,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-62@48.[151,1435,273,1768]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 29. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) habitus, lateral view; B) cephalic structures showing medial eye cups (mec), lateral eye cups (lec), hyaline bodies (hb), protruding preoral pore (pp), nipple-like process (nlp), oral cone (oc), and integumental warts; C) leg 2 exopod showing setiform outer apical setal element on first segment and reduced outer spine; D) legs 1 and 2 outer spine of third exopodal segment; E) leg 3, same spine, showing distal attenuation; F) leg 4, same; G) urosome and caudal rami showing genital complex and caudal setae I–V, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763016/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 29A, B</figureCitation>
), (2) pair of nipple-like processes (nlp in 
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF82854488C15EBB9289FE04" box="[504,648,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,286,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-62@48.[151,1435,273,1768]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 29. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) habitus, lateral view; B) cephalic structures showing medial eye cups (mec), lateral eye cups (lec), hyaline bodies (hb), protruding preoral pore (pp), nipple-like process (nlp), oral cone (oc), and integumental warts; C) leg 2 exopod showing setiform outer apical setal element on first segment and reduced outer spine; D) legs 1 and 2 outer spine of third exopodal segment; E) leg 3, same spine, showing distal attenuation; F) leg 4, same; G) urosome and caudal rami showing genital complex and caudal setae I–V, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763016/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figs. 29A, B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF8285448BAD5EBB92C7FE04" box="[660,710,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-18@50.[158,1430,181,1840]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 31. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) left antennule fifth segment showing inner swelling of fourth segment proximal half (arrow), dorsal view; B) genital complex (GC) showing genital lappets (L) each with 3-pointed tips (arrows), ventral view; C) cephalic structures showing medial eye cup (mec), lateral eye cups (lec), nipple-like processes (nlp), and oral cone (oc), ventral view; D) caudal rami showing caudal setae I–VI, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763020/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">31C</figureCitation>
), (3) dense field of longitudinal wrinkles, single medial oral pore (op in 
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF82854489DA5E9F914BFE78" box="[227,330,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1729,1753]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,191,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-23@49.[151,1436,181,1705]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 30. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) right geniculate antennule showing setation pattern with nomenclature of segments I–IV following Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka (1995) and Huys et al. (2007) for fifth segment; B) left antennule fifth segment showing setation pattern following Huys et al.’s nomenclature; C) cephalic preoral ornamentation showing ventral pores (vpore), nipple-like processes (nlp), medial (mec) and lateral (lec) eye cups, pair of small forehead sensilla, and oral cone (oc); D) globose genital complex showing genital lappets with apical 3- pointed process (arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763018/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 30C</figureCitation>
), pair of ventral pores (vpore in 
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF8285448B875E9F9324FE78" box="[702,805,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1729,1753]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,191,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-23@49.[151,1436,181,1705]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 30. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) right geniculate antennule showing setation pattern with nomenclature of segments I–IV following Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka (1995) and Huys et al. (2007) for fifth segment; B) left antennule fifth segment showing setation pattern following Huys et al.’s nomenclature; C) cephalic preoral ornamentation showing ventral pores (vpore), nipple-like processes (nlp), medial (mec) and lateral (lec) eye cups, pair of small forehead sensilla, and oral cone (oc); D) globose genital complex showing genital lappets with apical 3- pointed process (arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763018/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 30C</figureCitation>
), and (4) pair of hyaline bodies (
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF8285448DA45E9F94DAFE79" box="[1181,1243,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="714565C8FF8285448DDD5E9F90D0FE5C" author="Suarez-Morales, E." pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="92 - 103" refId="ref45027" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (2018) Monstrilloid copepods: the best of three worlds. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 107, 92 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.3160 / 3646.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Suárez-Morales, 2018</bibRefCitation>
) between bases of antennules and medial keel (
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF8285448BDC5EF3936CFE5C" box="[741,877,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,286,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-62@48.[151,1435,273,1768]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 29. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) habitus, lateral view; B) cephalic structures showing medial eye cups (mec), lateral eye cups (lec), hyaline bodies (hb), protruding preoral pore (pp), nipple-like process (nlp), oral cone (oc), and integumental warts; C) leg 2 exopod showing setiform outer apical setal element on first segment and reduced outer spine; D) legs 1 and 2 outer spine of third exopodal segment; E) leg 3, same spine, showing distal attenuation; F) leg 4, same; G) urosome and caudal rami showing genital complex and caudal setae I–V, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763016/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 29A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="156B1839FF82854489FE5ED79413FD58" blockId="47.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Oral cone moderately protuberant, robust, with wide base and adjacent integumental wrinkles (oc in 
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF8285448C1E5ED790ADFD94" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,286,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-62@48.[151,1435,273,1768]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 29. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) habitus, lateral view; B) cephalic structures showing medial eye cups (mec), lateral eye cups (lec), hyaline bodies (hb), protruding preoral pore (pp), nipple-like process (nlp), oral cone (oc), and integumental warts; C) leg 2 exopod showing setiform outer apical setal element on first segment and reduced outer spine; D) legs 1 and 2 outer spine of third exopodal segment; E) leg 3, same spine, showing distal attenuation; F) leg 4, same; G) urosome and caudal rami showing genital complex and caudal setae I–V, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763016/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figs. 29A, B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF82854489815D0B90EAFD94" box="[184,235,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1729,1753]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,191,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-23@49.[151,1436,181,1705]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 30. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) right geniculate antennule showing setation pattern with nomenclature of segments I–IV following Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka (1995) and Huys et al. (2007) for fifth segment; B) left antennule fifth segment showing setation pattern following Huys et al.’s nomenclature; C) cephalic preoral ornamentation showing ventral pores (vpore), nipple-like processes (nlp), medial (mec) and lateral (lec) eye cups, pair of small forehead sensilla, and oral cone (oc); D) globose genital complex showing genital lappets with apical 3- pointed process (arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763018/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">30C</figureCitation>
). Eyes comprising large medial cup with smaller adjacent lateral cups, weakly pigmented (mec, lec in 
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF8285448C495D0B90CBFDC8" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1729,1753]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,191,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-23@49.[151,1436,181,1705]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 30. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) right geniculate antennule showing setation pattern with nomenclature of segments I–IV following Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka (1995) and Huys et al. (2007) for fifth segment; B) left antennule fifth segment showing setation pattern following Huys et al.’s nomenclature; C) cephalic preoral ornamentation showing ventral pores (vpore), nipple-like processes (nlp), medial (mec) and lateral (lec) eye cups, pair of small forehead sensilla, and oral cone (oc); D) globose genital complex showing genital lappets with apical 3- pointed process (arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763018/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 30C</figureCitation>
). Urosome relatively short, 24% of total body length, comprising fifth pedigerous somite, genital somite, one free somite, preanal and anal somites, the latter holding pair of caudal rami; relative length of urosomites, from proximal to distal: 36.4: 20.3: 16.5: 14.4: 12.4: = 100. Fifth pedigerous somite longest, with straight lateral margins, ventral surface smooth, lacking any vestige of fifth legs (
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF8285448A055D9B93A8FD64" box="[828,937,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,286,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-62@48.[151,1435,273,1768]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 29. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) habitus, lateral view; B) cephalic structures showing medial eye cups (mec), lateral eye cups (lec), hyaline bodies (hb), protruding preoral pore (pp), nipple-like process (nlp), oral cone (oc), and integumental warts; C) leg 2 exopod showing setiform outer apical setal element on first segment and reduced outer spine; D) legs 1 and 2 outer spine of third exopodal segment; E) leg 3, same spine, showing distal attenuation; F) leg 4, same; G) urosome and caudal rami showing genital complex and caudal setae I–V, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763016/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 29G</figureCitation>
). Genital somite carrying genital complex. Succeeding preanal and anal somites smooth; anal somite carrying caudal rami.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="156B1839FF82854489FE5DD39114FBB8" blockId="47.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Genital complex ventrally on genital somite (
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF8285448BF85DD39328FCBC" box="[705,809,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,286,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-62@48.[151,1435,273,1768]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 29. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) habitus, lateral view; B) cephalic structures showing medial eye cups (mec), lateral eye cups (lec), hyaline bodies (hb), protruding preoral pore (pp), nipple-like process (nlp), oral cone (oc), and integumental warts; C) leg 2 exopod showing setiform outer apical setal element on first segment and reduced outer spine; D) legs 1 and 2 outer spine of third exopodal segment; E) leg 3, same spine, showing distal attenuation; F) leg 4, same; G) urosome and caudal rami showing genital complex and caudal setae I–V, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763016/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 29G</figureCitation>
), complex comprising short thick strongly globose shaft with smooth lateral margins; shaft curved posteriorly, distally branching into pair of short, thumb-like symmetrical, slightly divergent genital lappets curving inwards (
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF8285448BE55C6B9351FCF4" box="[732,848,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,286,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-62@48.[151,1435,273,1768]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 29. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) habitus, lateral view; B) cephalic structures showing medial eye cups (mec), lateral eye cups (lec), hyaline bodies (hb), protruding preoral pore (pp), nipple-like process (nlp), oral cone (oc), and integumental warts; C) leg 2 exopod showing setiform outer apical setal element on first segment and reduced outer spine; D) legs 1 and 2 outer spine of third exopodal segment; E) leg 3, same spine, showing distal attenuation; F) leg 4, same; G) urosome and caudal rami showing genital complex and caudal setae I–V, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763016/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figs. 29G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF8285448A675C6B9391FCF4" box="[862,912,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1729,1753]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,191,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-23@49.[151,1436,181,1705]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 30. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) right geniculate antennule showing setation pattern with nomenclature of segments I–IV following Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka (1995) and Huys et al. (2007) for fifth segment; B) left antennule fifth segment showing setation pattern following Huys et al.’s nomenclature; C) cephalic preoral ornamentation showing ventral pores (vpore), nipple-like processes (nlp), medial (mec) and lateral (lec) eye cups, pair of small forehead sensilla, and oral cone (oc); D) globose genital complex showing genital lappets with apical 3- pointed process (arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763018/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">30D</figureCitation>
) and reaching posterior margin of succeeding urosomite (
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF82854488225C4F9187FC28" box="[283,390,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-18@50.[158,1430,181,1840]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 31. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) left antennule fifth segment showing inner swelling of fourth segment proximal half (arrow), dorsal view; B) genital complex (GC) showing genital lappets (L) each with 3-pointed tips (arrows), ventral view; C) cephalic structures showing medial eye cup (mec), lateral eye cups (lec), nipple-like processes (nlp), and oral cone (oc), ventral view; D) caudal rami showing caudal setae I–VI, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763020/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 31B</figureCitation>
); lappets inner margin coarsely corrugate, medially conjoined (
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF8285448D495C4F94DCFC28" box="[1136,1245,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1729,1753]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,191,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-23@49.[151,1436,181,1705]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 30. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) right geniculate antennule showing setation pattern with nomenclature of segments I–IV following Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka (1995) and Huys et al. (2007) for fifth segment; B) left antennule fifth segment showing setation pattern following Huys et al.’s nomenclature; C) cephalic preoral ornamentation showing ventral pores (vpore), nipple-like processes (nlp), medial (mec) and lateral (lec) eye cups, pair of small forehead sensilla, and oral cone (oc); D) globose genital complex showing genital lappets with apical 3- pointed process (arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763018/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 30D</figureCitation>
), unornamented, medially connected by large globose process furnished with crescent-shaped integumental scars, and forming distinctive three-pointed chitinized process apically (arrows in 
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF8285448A675C8793D1FC60" box="[862,976,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1729,1753]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,191,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-23@49.[151,1436,181,1705]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 30. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) right geniculate antennule showing setation pattern with nomenclature of segments I–IV following Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka (1995) and Huys et al. (2007) for fifth segment; B) left antennule fifth segment showing setation pattern following Huys et al.’s nomenclature; C) cephalic preoral ornamentation showing ventral pores (vpore), nipple-like processes (nlp), medial (mec) and lateral (lec) eye cups, pair of small forehead sensilla, and oral cone (oc); D) globose genital complex showing genital lappets with apical 3- pointed process (arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763018/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figs. 30D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF8285448AE45C87940EFC60" box="[989,1039,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-18@50.[158,1430,181,1840]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 31. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) left antennule fifth segment showing inner swelling of fourth segment proximal half (arrow), dorsal view; B) genital complex (GC) showing genital lappets (L) each with 3-pointed tips (arrows), ventral view; C) cephalic structures showing medial eye cup (mec), lateral eye cups (lec), nipple-like processes (nlp), and oral cone (oc), ventral view; D) caudal rami showing caudal setae I–VI, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763020/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">31B</figureCitation>
). Caudal rami armed with 6 caudal setae (setae I–VI) subequal in length and width (
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF8285448B8F5CFB9326FC44" box="[694,807,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,286,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-62@48.[151,1435,273,1768]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 29. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) habitus, lateral view; B) cephalic structures showing medial eye cups (mec), lateral eye cups (lec), hyaline bodies (hb), protruding preoral pore (pp), nipple-like process (nlp), oral cone (oc), and integumental warts; C) leg 2 exopod showing setiform outer apical setal element on first segment and reduced outer spine; D) legs 1 and 2 outer spine of third exopodal segment; E) leg 3, same spine, showing distal attenuation; F) leg 4, same; G) urosome and caudal rami showing genital complex and caudal setae I–V, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763016/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figs. 29G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF8285448A0A5CFB9366FC44" box="[819,871,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-18@50.[158,1430,181,1840]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 31. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) left antennule fifth segment showing inner swelling of fourth segment proximal half (arrow), dorsal view; B) genital complex (GC) showing genital lappets (L) each with 3-pointed tips (arrows), ventral view; C) cephalic structures showing medial eye cup (mec), lateral eye cups (lec), nipple-like processes (nlp), and oral cone (oc), ventral view; D) caudal rami showing caudal setae I–VI, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763020/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">31D</figureCitation>
); proximal part of setae III and IV weakly swollen (
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF82854489A65CDF9109FBB8" box="[159,264,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-18@50.[158,1430,181,1840]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 31. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) left antennule fifth segment showing inner swelling of fourth segment proximal half (arrow), dorsal view; B) genital complex (GC) showing genital lappets (L) each with 3-pointed tips (arrows), ventral view; C) cephalic structures showing medial eye cup (mec), lateral eye cups (lec), nipple-like processes (nlp), and oral cone (oc), ventral view; D) caudal rami showing caudal setae I–VI, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763020/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 31D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="156B1839FF82854489FE5B339372FAFC" blockId="47.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Antennules short, 
<quantity id="D22CB5DCFF82854488A85B3291F5FB9C" box="[401,500,1050,1077]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="0.58">0.58 mm</quantity>
long, less than 36% of total body length, 5-segmented, segments 1–5 clearly divided (
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF82854489A65B179106FBF0" box="[159,263,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1729,1753]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,191,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-23@49.[151,1436,181,1705]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 30. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) right geniculate antennule showing setation pattern with nomenclature of segments I–IV following Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka (1995) and Huys et al. (2007) for fifth segment; B) left antennule fifth segment showing setation pattern following Huys et al.’s nomenclature; C) cephalic preoral ornamentation showing ventral pores (vpore), nipple-like processes (nlp), medial (mec) and lateral (lec) eye cups, pair of small forehead sensilla, and oral cone (oc); D) globose genital complex showing genital lappets with apical 3- pointed process (arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763018/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 30A</figureCitation>
). Following nomenclature by 
<bibRefCitation id="714565C8FF8285448B685B179378FBF0" author="Grygier, M. J. &amp; Ohtsuka, S." box="[593,889,1086,1113]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="703 - 719" refId="ref43373" refString="Grygier, M. J. &amp; Ohtsuka, S. (1995) SEM observation of the nauplius of Monstrilla hamatapex, new species, from Japan and an example of upgraded descriptive standards for monstrilloid copepods. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 15, 703 - 719. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 193724095 X 00118" type="journal article" year="1995">Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka (1995)</bibRefCitation>
, first segment lacking element 1; second segment carrying short setiform elements 2d 
<subScript id="89501A7CFF8285448B1E5B5D923AFB2A" attach="left" box="[551,571,1141,1155]" fontSize="6" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">1,2</subScript>
and 2v 
<subScript id="89501A7CFF8285448BB65B5D92A6FB2A" attach="left" box="[655,679,1141,1155]" fontSize="6" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">1–3</subScript>
and long, lightly setulated dorsal seta IId; third segment with long, smooth setiform element 3 and lightly setulated setiform elements IIIv and IIId; fourth segment longest, armature including proximal elements 4v 
<subScript id="89501A7CFF82854488C75B959207FB62" attach="left" box="[510,518,1213,1227]" fontSize="6" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">1</subScript>
, 4d 
<subScript id="89501A7CFF8285448B0B5B959247FB62" attach="left" box="[562,582,1213,1227]" fontSize="6" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">1,2</subScript>
and 4v 
<subScript id="89501A7CFF8285448B9D5B9592BCFB62" attach="right" box="[676,701,1213,1227]" fontSize="6" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">2, 3</subScript>
(
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF8285448BF45B839336FB6C" box="[717,823,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1729,1753]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,191,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-23@49.[151,1436,181,1705]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 30. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) right geniculate antennule showing setation pattern with nomenclature of segments I–IV following Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka (1995) and Huys et al. (2007) for fifth segment; B) left antennule fifth segment showing setation pattern following Huys et al.’s nomenclature; C) cephalic preoral ornamentation showing ventral pores (vpore), nipple-like processes (nlp), medial (mec) and lateral (lec) eye cups, pair of small forehead sensilla, and oral cone (oc); D) globose genital complex showing genital lappets with apical 3- pointed process (arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763018/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 30A</figureCitation>
), proximal half with inner margin expanded (arrow in 
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF82854489AE5BE790FFFB40" box="[151,254,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-18@50.[158,1430,181,1840]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 31. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) left antennule fifth segment showing inner swelling of fourth segment proximal half (arrow), dorsal view; B) genital complex (GC) showing genital lappets (L) each with 3-pointed tips (arrows), ventral view; C) cephalic structures showing medial eye cup (mec), lateral eye cups (lec), nipple-like processes (nlp), and oral cone (oc), ventral view; D) caudal rami showing caudal setae I–VI, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763020/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 31A</figureCitation>
), fifth segment geniculate (
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF8285448B085BE79298FB40" box="[561,665,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-18@50.[158,1430,181,1840]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 31. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) left antennule fifth segment showing inner swelling of fourth segment proximal half (arrow), dorsal view; B) genital complex (GC) showing genital lappets (L) each with 3-pointed tips (arrows), ventral view; C) cephalic structures showing medial eye cup (mec), lateral eye cups (lec), nipple-like processes (nlp), and oral cone (oc), ventral view; D) caudal rami showing caudal setae I–VI, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763020/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 31A</figureCitation>
). Following Huys 
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF8285448A505BE7939BFB40" box="[873,922,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
.’s (2007) nomenclature for the setation of the male antennulary fifth segment, inner margin with short, slender seta A on subdistal inner margin, next to subdistal setae B and C; inner setae unbranched; outer margin with short, slender seta 5, followed by simple setae 4, 3, 2, apical spiniform element 1, and short aesthetasc AE 1 (
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF8285448A395A139367FAFC" box="[768,870,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1729,1753]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,191,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-23@49.[151,1436,181,1705]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 30. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) right geniculate antennule showing setation pattern with nomenclature of segments I–IV following Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka (1995) and Huys et al. (2007) for fifth segment; B) left antennule fifth segment showing setation pattern following Huys et al.’s nomenclature; C) cephalic preoral ornamentation showing ventral pores (vpore), nipple-like processes (nlp), medial (mec) and lateral (lec) eye cups, pair of small forehead sensilla, and oral cone (oc); D) globose genital complex showing genital lappets with apical 3- pointed process (arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763018/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 30B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="156B1839FF82854489FE5A77917BFA4C" blockId="47.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Swimming legs 1–4 as in 
<taxonomicName id="D2D463BAFF82854488D25A779282FAD0" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; P.M.B" authorityYear="2025" box="[491,643,1375,1401]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sekiguchii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF82854488D25A779282FAD0" box="[491,643,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">M. sekiguchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF8285448BB35A7792E5FAD0" bold="true" box="[650,740,1375,1401]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3C937950FF8285448BB35A7792E5FAD0" box="[650,740,1375,1401]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in armature pattern and leg segmentation. Outer apical spines of legs 1–4 third exopodal segments of 
<taxonomicName id="D2D463BAFF8285448B6E5AAB92C8FA34" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; P.M.B" authorityYear="2025" box="[599,713,1411,1437]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fisgata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF8285448B6E5AAB92C8FA34" box="[599,713,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">M. fisgata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF8285448BE85AAB932AFA34" bold="true" box="[721,811,1411,1437]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3C937950FF8285448BE85AAB932AFA34" box="[721,811,1411,1437]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, modified, spines with attenuated distal half, forming a whip-like filament. Distal narrowing of the spine is not present in legs 1 and 2 (
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF8285448D295A8F947FFA68" box="[1040,1150,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,286,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-62@48.[151,1435,273,1768]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 29. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) habitus, lateral view; B) cephalic structures showing medial eye cups (mec), lateral eye cups (lec), hyaline bodies (hb), protruding preoral pore (pp), nipple-like process (nlp), oral cone (oc), and integumental warts; C) leg 2 exopod showing setiform outer apical setal element on first segment and reduced outer spine; D) legs 1 and 2 outer spine of third exopodal segment; E) leg 3, same spine, showing distal attenuation; F) leg 4, same; G) urosome and caudal rami showing genital complex and caudal setae I–V, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763016/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 29 D</figureCitation>
), but observable in legs 3 and 4 (
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF82854489DD5AE3916CFA4C" box="[228,365,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,286,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-62@48.[151,1435,273,1768]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 29. Monstrilla fisgata sp. nov., adult female holotype Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) habitus, lateral view; B) cephalic structures showing medial eye cups (mec), lateral eye cups (lec), hyaline bodies (hb), protruding preoral pore (pp), nipple-like process (nlp), oral cone (oc), and integumental warts; C) leg 2 exopod showing setiform outer apical setal element on first segment and reduced outer spine; D) legs 1 and 2 outer spine of third exopodal segment; E) leg 3, same spine, showing distal attenuation; F) leg 4, same; G) urosome and caudal rami showing genital complex and caudal setae I–V, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14763016/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 29 E, F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5DCE4BB2FF82854489FE5AC79585F984" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="156B1839FF82854489FE5AC79585F984" blockId="47.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF82854489FE5AC7914FF9A0" bold="true" box="[199,334,1519,1545]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet is derived from the nominal Latin term 
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF8285448ACF5AC7942DF9A0" box="[1014,1068,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">fisga</emphasis>
, a three-pronged harpoon, refers to the three-points apical tip of the genital lappets, a distinctive character of this species. The gender is feminine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5DCE4BB2FF82855B89FE591F93A1FF50" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="156B1839FF82855B89FE591F93A1FF50" blockId="47.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="48.[151,1437,151,249]" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF82854489FE591F913AF9F8" bold="true" box="[199,315,1591,1617]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Remarks.</emphasis>
The male of 
<taxonomicName id="D2D463BAFF82854488E0591F924CF9F8" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; P.M.B" authorityYear="2025" box="[473,589,1591,1617]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fisgata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF82854488E0591F924CF9F8" box="[473,589,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">M. fisgata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF8285448B6E591F92B3F9F8" bold="true" box="[599,690,1591,1617]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3C937950FF8285448B6E591F92B3F9F8" box="[599,690,1591,1617]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has distinctive features that make it readily distinguishable from its congeneric species and support its status as a new member of 
<taxonomicName id="D2D463BAFF8285448AAE5973940CF9DC" baseAuthorityName="Suarez-Morales &amp; Castellanos" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[919,1037,1627,1653]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF8285448AAE5973940CF9DC" box="[919,1037,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Monstrilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Firstly, is the modified tip of the genital lappets, comprising a set of three chitinized points. In some other species of monstrilloids these structures can exhibit ornamentations like wart-like integumental processes as in the Australian 
<taxonomicName id="D2D463BAFF8285448D51598B94C2F915" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; P.M.B" authorityYear="2025" box="[1128,1219,1699,1725]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Caromiobenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jeoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF8285448D51598B94C2F915" box="[1128,1219,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">C. jeoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF8285448DF5598B9526F914" bold="true" box="[1228,1319,1699,1725]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3C937950FF8285448DF5598B9526F914" box="[1228,1319,1699,1725]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8DEF04BCFF8285448C01598B958FF914" box="[1336,1422,1698,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1800,1824]" captionTargetBox="[165,1434,194,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-23@13.[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Caromiobenella jeoni sp. nov., adult male holotype from Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia. A) right antennule, dorsal view showing setal armature with nomenclature following Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka (1995) for first 4 segments and Huys et al. (2007) for fifth segment; B) detail of distal part of fifth antennulary segment showing spinule combs, ventral view; C) same, dorsal view; D) second swimming leg, anterior, showing inner basipodal expansion; E) urosome with caudal rami, ventral view showing posterolateral expansion of anal somite (arrowheads) and caudal setae I–V; F) genital complex, ventral view showing distal opercular flaps (of)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14762958" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14762958/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
), distal spermatophore spines like in the males of 
<taxonomicName id="D2D463BAFF8285448BFC59EF9342F948" authorityName="Giesbrecht" authorityYear="1891" box="[709,835,1735,1761]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF8285448BFC59EF9342F948" box="[709,835,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">M. grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ramírez 1971; Suárez-Morales &amp; Üstün 2018), 
<taxonomicName id="D2D463BAFF8285448C4759EF91ADF8AC" authority="(Sars, 1921)" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1921" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF8285448C4759EF9116F8AC" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">M. longicornis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="714565C8FF828544881159C391A5F8AC" author="Sars, G. O." box="[296,420,1771,1797]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref44373" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) Copepoda Monstrilloida and Notodelphyoida. An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species, 8, 1 - 91, pls. I - XXXVII." type="book" year="1921">Sars, 1921</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D2D463BAFF828544888359C39307F8AC" authority="(Isaac, 1975)" baseAuthorityName="Isaac" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[442,774,1770,1797]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papilliremis">
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF828544888359C39266F8AC" box="[442,615,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">M. papilliremis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="714565C8FF8285448B4159C392FFF8AC" author="Isaac, M. J." box="[632,766,1770,1797]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref43715" refString="Isaac, M. J. (1975) Copepoda, Suborder: Monstrilloida. Fiches d'Identification du Zooplancton, 144 / 145, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1975">Isaac, 1975</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D2D463BAFF8285448A2D59C394C8F8AC" authority="(Suarez-Morales, 2010)" baseAuthorityName="Suarez-Morales" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[788,1225,1771,1797]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiremis">
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF8285448A2D59C393B3F8AC" box="[788,946,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">M. longiremis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="714565C8FF8285448AFB59C394C0F8AC" author="Suarez-Morales, E." box="[962,1217,1771,1797]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="55 - 67" refId="ref44929" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (2010) On the taxonomic status of Monstrilla leucopis Sars (Crustacea: Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from Norway, with comments on the male of M. longiremis Giesbrecht. Zootaxa, 2510 (1), 55 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2510.1.3" type="journal article" year="2010">Suárez-Morales, 2010</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D2D463BAFF8285448DEF59C3959CF8AC" authorityName="Suarez-Morales &amp; Castellanos" authorityYear="2019" box="[1238,1437,1771,1797]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chetumalensis">
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF8285448DEF59C3959CF8AC" box="[1238,1437,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">M. chetumalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="714565C8FF82854489F25827926AF880" author="Suarez-Morales, E. &amp; Castellanos, I." box="[203,619,1807,1833]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="111 - 123" refId="ref45378" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. &amp; Castellanos, I. (2019) A new species of Monstrilla (Copepoda, Monstrilloida, Monstrillidae) from the plankton of a bay system of the northwestern Caribbean, with a key to species. Zoo Keys, 876, 111 - 123. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 876.38400" type="journal article" year="2019">Suárez-Morales &amp; Castellanos, 2019</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 1C–E), and the Australian 
<taxonomicName id="D2D463BAFF8285448AF458279479F880" authorityName="Suárez-Morales &amp; P.M.B" authorityYear="2025" box="[973,1144,1807,1833]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mammillata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF8285448AF458279479F880" box="[973,1144,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">M. mammillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF8285448D46582794D8F880" bold="true" box="[1151,1241,1807,1833]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3C937950FF8285448D46582794D8F880" box="[1151,1241,1807,1833]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(to be described) or the distally corrugate and apically attenuate lappet tips of the Caribbean 
<taxonomicName id="D2D463BAFF8285448D33581B9598F8E4" authority="(Suarez-Morales, 2003)" baseAuthorityName="Suarez-Morales" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[1034,1433,1843,1869]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marioi">
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF8285448D33581B947FF8E5" box="[1034,1150,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">M. marioi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="714565C8FF8285448DB6581B9590F8E4" author="Suarez-Morales, E." box="[1167,1425,1843,1869]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="63 - 76" refId="ref44894" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (2003) Three species of monstrilloids (Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from Banco Chinchorro, Mexican Caribbean Sea. Bulletin of Marine Science, 73, 63 - 76." type="journal article" year="2003">Suárez-Morales, 2003</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Secondly, the anteriorly directed forehead comprising the eyes with the densely ornamented dorsal and ventral surfaces, and thirdly, the attenuate outer apical spines on the third exopodal segments of legs 3 and 4. These spines vary in size, from almost as long or as long as the carrying segment, like in the Caribbean 
<taxonomicName id="D2D463BAFF8285448DBC58B7950DF810" authorityName="Suarez-Morales" authorityYear="1994" box="[1157,1292,1951,1977]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF8285448DBC58B7950DF810" box="[1157,1292,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">M. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="714565C8FF8285448C7E58B7913CF874" author="Suarez-Morales, E." pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="262 - 267" refId="ref44695" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (1994) Monstrilla elongata, a new monstrilloid copepod (Crustacea: Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from a reef lagoon of the Caribbean coast of Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 107 (2), 262 - 267." type="journal article" year="1994">Suárez-Morales, 1994</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 2 J–L), 
<taxonomicName id="D2D463BAFF82854488E858EB93A0F874" authority="Suarez-Morales, 2022" authorityName="Suarez-Morales" authorityYear="2022" box="[465,929,1987,2013]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahahualensis">
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF82854488E858EB92A1F874" box="[465,672,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">M. mahahualensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="714565C8FF8285448B9158EB93A0F874" author="Suarez-Morales, E." box="[680,929,1987,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="33 - 45" refId="ref45121" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (2022) A new species of Monstrilla (Crustacea, Copepoda, Monstrilloida) from the western Caribbean with comments on M. wandelii Stephensen, 1913 and M. conjunctiva Giesbrecht, 1893. ZooKeys, 1128, 33 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 1128.84944" type="journal article" year="2022">Suárez-Morales, 2022</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="714565C8FF8285448AE658EB94DBF874" author="Suarez-Morales, E." box="[991,1242,1987,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="33 - 45" refId="ref45121" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (2022) A new species of Monstrilla (Crustacea, Copepoda, Monstrilloida) from the western Caribbean with comments on M. wandelii Stephensen, 1913 and M. conjunctiva Giesbrecht, 1893. ZooKeys, 1128, 33 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 1128.84944" type="journal article" year="2022">Suárez-Morales, 2022</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 2E), and 
<taxonomicName id="D2D463BAFF82855B8C4758EB9119FF18" authorityName="Suarez-Morales" authorityYear="2024" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xcalakensis">
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF82855B8C4758EB9119FF18" italics="true" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">M. xcalakensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see Suárez-Morales, 2024, fig. 3D) or shorter than the segment like in the Philippine 
<taxonomicName id="D2D463BAFF9D855B8C205FBF918EFF7C" authority="Suarez-Morales, 2000" authorityName="Suarez-Morales" authorityYear="2000" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grygieri">
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF9D855B8C205FBF959DFF19" box="[1305,1436,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">M. grygieri</emphasis>
Suárez-Morales, 2000
</taxonomicName>
(Suárez-Morales 2000, fig. 1D–G). Overall, the combination of these characters in the new species appears to be unique among the known species of 
<taxonomicName id="D2D463BAFF9D855B8A1A5FF79398FF50" baseAuthorityName="Suarez-Morales &amp; Castellanos" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[803,921,223,249]" class="Copepoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="27A0C42BFF9D855B8A1A5FF79398FF50" box="[803,921,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Monstrilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>