<mods:titleid="13B23AFC3CAC255A99F842F9AA1AFFCD">Heliozela pitangavora Moreira & Fochezato sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae): a leaf miner micromoth associated with Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae) in southern Brazil</mods:title>
<mods:affiliationid="F19930A4282D7BA3BCF99862DCE0302D">Universidad de Tarapacá, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Departamento de Recursos Ambientales, Arica, Chile</mods:affiliation>
<taxonomicNameid="F3924D2DE7709349FF58FA5F6FC7FA3A"authorityName="Fochezato & Ribeiro & Gonçalves & Moreira"authorityYear="2024"box="[151,418,1500,1527]"class="Insecta"family="Heliozelidae"genus="Heliozela"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="3"pageNumber="234"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="pitangavora"status="sp. nov.">
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<locationid="314D6075E7709349FDEAF9EE6CABF94B"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC3B87B8E770934CFF58FA5F6A58FDAD:314D6075E7709349FDEAF9EE6CABF94B"box="[549,718,1645,1671]"country="Brazil"municipality="Campus do Vale"name="Morro Santana"pageId="3"pageNumber="234">Morro Santana</location>
,
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. The new species described herein can be distinguished from almost all congeners by the presence of a single clear spot dorsally at postmedian position on the costal margin of the forewing. Notably, the hostplant,
<bibRefCitationid="50034B5FE777934EFAF9FF146EAAFF19"author="Meyrick, E."pageId="4"pageNumber="235"pagination="297 - 435"refId="ref8343"refString="Meyrick, E. (1897) Descriptions of Australian Microlepidoptera. XVII. Elachistidae. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 22, 297 - 435. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 12726"type="journal article"year="1897">Meyrick, 1897</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
shares a similar wing pattern, it inhabits regions of
<bibRefCitationid="50034B5FE777934EFD0FFE806D05FED1"author="Meyrick, E."box="[704,864,259,285]"pageId="4"pageNumber="235"pagination="297 - 435"refId="ref8343"refString="Meyrick, E. (1897) Descriptions of Australian Microlepidoptera. XVII. Elachistidae. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 22, 297 - 435. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 12726"type="journal article"year="1897">Meyrick 1897</bibRefCitation>
; a photograph of the adult and host plant record are available at http://lepidoptera.butterflyhouse.com.au/helz/catoptrias.html, accessed on
<taxonomicNameid="F3924D2DE777934EFE48FAC86C08FAAE"authorityName="Fochezato & Ribeiro & Gonçalves & Moreira"authorityYear="2024"box="[391,621,1355,1379]"class="Insecta"family="Heliozelidae"genus="Heliozela"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="4"pageNumber="235"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="pitangavora"status="sp. nov.">
(n = 5). Ground colour uniform, shiny dark grey except for hind wings, which are pale light grey; a cuneiform whitish spot, dorsally on median position at costal margin of fore wings (
<figureCitationid="ACA92A2BE777934EFED0F9EA6F07F94F"box="[287,354,1641,1667]"captionStart="FIGURE 1"captionStartId="4.[151,250,1354,1378]"captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1331]"captionTargetId="figure-114@4.[151,1435,345,1331]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="FIGURE 1. Adults of Heliozela pitangavora sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae). A, male (holotype), pinned-dried, dorsal view; B, corresponding forewing posterior margin in detail; C, D, female on Eugenia uniflora L. leaf, under lateral and dorsal views, respectively. Scale bars = 1 (A, C, D), 0.5 mm (B)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346653"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13346653/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="235">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Head and thorax typical for the family (reviewed by Nieukerken & Eisman 2020). Mandibles vestigial; maxillary palpus three-segmented; labial palpus short, 3-segmented, with apical segment ca. 3× wider and longer than basal ones that are similar in size. Foretibia bearing epiphysis; middle and hind tibia with one and two pairs of spurs respectively. Forewing (
<figureCitationid="ACA92A2BE777934EFD84F9566CC6F923"box="[587,675,1749,1775]"captionStart="FIGURE 2"captionStartId="5.[151,250,1891,1915]"captionTargetBox="[158,1428,151,1885]"captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[158,1429,151,1889]"captionTargetPageId="5"captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Heliozela pitangavora sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) reproductive structures under light microscopy. A, male genitalia, ventral view; B, wings, dorsal; C, transtilla, ventral; D, phallus, lateral; E, left valva, ventral (closed arrow indicates pectinifer); F, female abdomen with retracted ovipositor (closed arrow points to spermatheca), lateral; G, distal portion of female abdomen with protracted ovipositor (indicated by open arrow), lateral. Scale bars = 50 (A, D), 100 (E), 500 (B), 30 (C), 200 μm (F–G)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346657"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13346657/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="235">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
) broadly lanceolate; subcosta reaching the costal margin medially; radius with 3 branches, Rs
without fork, ending medially on ventral margin. Hindwing (
<figureCitationid="ACA92A2BE777934EFBB1F89E6AB6F8FB"box="[1150,1235,1821,1847]"captionStart="FIGURE 2"captionStartId="5.[151,250,1891,1915]"captionTargetBox="[158,1428,151,1885]"captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[158,1429,151,1889]"captionTargetPageId="5"captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Heliozela pitangavora sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) reproductive structures under light microscopy. A, male genitalia, ventral view; B, wings, dorsal; C, transtilla, ventral; D, phallus, lateral; E, left valva, ventral (closed arrow indicates pectinifer); F, female abdomen with retracted ovipositor (closed arrow points to spermatheca), lateral; G, distal portion of female abdomen with protracted ovipositor (indicated by open arrow), lateral. Scale bars = 50 (A, D), 100 (E), 500 (B), 30 (C), 200 μm (F–G)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346657"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13346657/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="235">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
) more slender; Sc reaching middle costa; R strait, ending at apex; M-Cu crossvein absent, discal cell open; M with 2 branches, both faded proximally; CuA ending medially on ventral margin; A
<taxonomicNameid="F3924D2DE776934FFE0AF8E06CCEF8B7"authorityName="Fochezato & Ribeiro & Gonçalves & Moreira"authorityYear="2024"box="[453,683,1891,1915]"class="Insecta"family="Heliozelidae"genus="Heliozela"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="5"pageNumber="236"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="pitangavora"status="sp. nov.">
<figureCitationid="ACA92A2BE775934CFEB2FF146F87FF7D"box="[381,482,151,177]"captionStart="FIGURE 2"captionStartId="5.[151,250,1891,1915]"captionTargetBox="[158,1428,151,1885]"captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[158,1429,151,1889]"captionTargetPageId="5"captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Heliozela pitangavora sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) reproductive structures under light microscopy. A, male genitalia, ventral view; B, wings, dorsal; C, transtilla, ventral; D, phallus, lateral; E, left valva, ventral (closed arrow indicates pectinifer); F, female abdomen with retracted ovipositor (closed arrow points to spermatheca), lateral; G, distal portion of female abdomen with protracted ovipositor (indicated by open arrow), lateral. Scale bars = 50 (A, D), 100 (E), 500 (B), 30 (C), 200 μm (F–G)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346657"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13346657/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="237">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
, C-E). Vinculum progressively narrowing distally, and long (ca. 2× length of valva) reaching anterior margin of the sixth abdominal segment. Tegumen narrow, medially truncate. Gnathos absent. Valvae (
<figureCitationid="ACA92A2BE775934CFF3BFF5C6F2FFF35"box="[244,330,223,249]"captionStart="FIGURE 2"captionStartId="5.[151,250,1891,1915]"captionTargetBox="[158,1428,151,1885]"captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[158,1429,151,1889]"captionTargetPageId="5"captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Heliozela pitangavora sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) reproductive structures under light microscopy. A, male genitalia, ventral view; B, wings, dorsal; C, transtilla, ventral; D, phallus, lateral; E, left valva, ventral (closed arrow indicates pectinifer); F, female abdomen with retracted ovipositor (closed arrow points to spermatheca), lateral; G, distal portion of female abdomen with protracted ovipositor (indicated by open arrow), lateral. Scale bars = 50 (A, D), 100 (E), 500 (B), 30 (C), 200 μm (F–G)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346657"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13346657/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="237">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
) subtriangular, with tubular distal portion, bearing a pectinifer (pecten with ca. ten aligned, blunt sensillae). Transtilla (
<figureCitationid="ACA92A2BE775934CFE47FE806FBBFED1"box="[392,478,259,285]"captionStart="FIGURE 2"captionStartId="5.[151,250,1891,1915]"captionTargetBox="[158,1428,151,1885]"captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[158,1429,151,1889]"captionTargetPageId="5"captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Heliozela pitangavora sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) reproductive structures under light microscopy. A, male genitalia, ventral view; B, wings, dorsal; C, transtilla, ventral; D, phallus, lateral; E, left valva, ventral (closed arrow indicates pectinifer); F, female abdomen with retracted ovipositor (closed arrow points to spermatheca), lateral; G, distal portion of female abdomen with protracted ovipositor (indicated by open arrow), lateral. Scale bars = 50 (A, D), 100 (E), 500 (B), 30 (C), 200 μm (F–G)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346657"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13346657/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="237">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
) with subretangular, median projection. Phallus (
<figureCitationid="ACA92A2BE775934CFBC9FE806A39FED1"box="[1030,1116,259,285]"captionStart="FIGURE 2"captionStartId="5.[151,250,1891,1915]"captionTargetBox="[158,1428,151,1885]"captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[158,1429,151,1889]"captionTargetPageId="5"captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Heliozela pitangavora sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) reproductive structures under light microscopy. A, male genitalia, ventral view; B, wings, dorsal; C, transtilla, ventral; D, phallus, lateral; E, left valva, ventral (closed arrow indicates pectinifer); F, female abdomen with retracted ovipositor (closed arrow points to spermatheca), lateral; G, distal portion of female abdomen with protracted ovipositor (indicated by open arrow), lateral. Scale bars = 50 (A, D), 100 (E), 500 (B), 30 (C), 200 μm (F–G)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346657"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13346657/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="237">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
) tubular, similar in length to vinculum, narrowing progressively into the anterior portion, bearing on proximal section internally large, asymmetric projections on distal phallotrema, and fine, spineform cornuti.
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="342D36AEE775934CFF08FEEC6D53FE45"blockId="6.[151,1437,151,609]"box="[199,822,367,393]"pageId="6"pageNumber="237">Female. Similar to male regarding general morphology.</paragraph>
<figureCitationid="ACA92A2BE775934CFE59FE106C78FE61"box="[406,541,403,429]"captionStart="FIGURE 2"captionStartId="5.[151,250,1891,1915]"captionTargetBox="[158,1428,151,1885]"captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[158,1429,151,1889]"captionTargetPageId="5"captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Heliozela pitangavora sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) reproductive structures under light microscopy. A, male genitalia, ventral view; B, wings, dorsal; C, transtilla, ventral; D, phallus, lateral; E, left valva, ventral (closed arrow indicates pectinifer); F, female abdomen with retracted ovipositor (closed arrow points to spermatheca), lateral; G, distal portion of female abdomen with protracted ovipositor (indicated by open arrow), lateral. Scale bars = 50 (A, D), 100 (E), 500 (B), 30 (C), 200 μm (F–G)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346657"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13346657/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="237">Figs. 2D, E</figureCitation>
) with conspicuous, conical “oviscapt” (sensus
<bibRefCitationid="50034B5FE775934CFBF3FE106A9FFE61"author="Kristensen, N. P."box="[1084,1274,403,429]"pageId="6"pageNumber="237"pagination="39 - 131"refId="ref8048"refString="Kristensen, N. P. (2003) Skeleton and muscles: adults. In: Kristensen, N. P. (Ed.), Lepidoptera: Moths and Butterflies. Vol. 2. Morphology, physiology, and development. Handbook of Zoology. Part 36. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 39 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783110893724.39"type="book chapter"year="2003">Kristensen 2003</bibRefCitation>
), reaching the anterior margin of the seventh abdominal segment. Posterior apophyses similar to anterior ones in length, posteriorly fused, forming an acute, protractile, flattened ovipositor (
<figureCitationid="ACA92A2BE775934CFCECFE586D19FE39"box="[803,892,475,501]"captionStart="FIGURE 2"captionStartId="5.[151,250,1891,1915]"captionTargetBox="[158,1428,151,1885]"captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[158,1429,151,1889]"captionTargetPageId="5"captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Heliozela pitangavora sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) reproductive structures under light microscopy. A, male genitalia, ventral view; B, wings, dorsal; C, transtilla, ventral; D, phallus, lateral; E, left valva, ventral (closed arrow indicates pectinifer); F, female abdomen with retracted ovipositor (closed arrow points to spermatheca), lateral; G, distal portion of female abdomen with protracted ovipositor (indicated by open arrow), lateral. Scale bars = 50 (A, D), 100 (E), 500 (B), 30 (C), 200 μm (F–G)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346657"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13346657/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="237">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
) with tip dentate and slightly furcated. Anterior apophyses narrow and long, reaching anterior margin of the fifth abdominal segment. Reproductive system typical of Monotrysia, with a single genital aperture; vestibulum slightly sclerotized; ductus and corpus bursae membranous; spermatheca small and spherical, with long and narrow associated ductus (
<figureCitationid="ACA92A2BE775934CFC15FDC46A55FDAD"box="[986,1072,583,609]"captionStart="FIGURE 2"captionStartId="5.[151,250,1891,1915]"captionTargetBox="[158,1428,151,1885]"captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[158,1429,151,1889]"captionTargetPageId="5"captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Heliozela pitangavora sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) reproductive structures under light microscopy. A, male genitalia, ventral view; B, wings, dorsal; C, transtilla, ventral; D, phallus, lateral; E, left valva, ventral (closed arrow indicates pectinifer); F, female abdomen with retracted ovipositor (closed arrow points to spermatheca), lateral; G, distal portion of female abdomen with protracted ovipositor (indicated by open arrow), lateral. Scale bars = 50 (A, D), 100 (E), 500 (B), 30 (C), 200 μm (F–G)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346657"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13346657/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="237">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
