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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e85191" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1864-8312-81-257" ID-Pensoft-UUID="74CBFA410981516FBB87561614EFF561" ID-ZooBank="CC0AB5E565324E9EB5D02FD08B5FFE2C" ModsDocID="1864-8312-81-257" checkinTime="1678945406802" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ge, Si Xun, Jiang, Zhuo Heng, Wang, Jia Qi, Song, Kui, Zhang, Chao &amp; Hu, Shao Ji" docDate="2023" docId="26DA2B91F7A55A8AB113C5C4AB99079A" docLanguage="en" docName="ArthropodSystPhyl 81: 257-287" docOrigin="Arthropod Systematics &amp; amp; Phylogeny 81" docPubDate="2023-03-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e85191" docTitle="Pieris chumbiensis subsp. gyantsensis Verity 1911" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="74CBFA410981516FBB87561614EFF561" lastPageNumber="257" masterDocId="74CBFA410981516FBB87561614EFF561" masterDocTitle="A revision of the Pieris napi - complex (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and similar species with distribution in China" masterLastPageNumber="287" masterPageNumber="257" pageNumber="257" updateTime="1678945406802" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title>A revision of the Pieris napi - complex (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and similar species with distribution in China</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Ge, Si Xun</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3769-1530</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Jiang, Zhuo Heng</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Wang, Jia Qi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>2288 Long, Hongxin Rd, Minhang District, Shanghai, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Song, Kui</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>School of Economic and Management, Qinghai Nationalities University, Bayi Road No. 3, Xining 810007, Qinghai, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Zhang, Chao</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Simianshan Forest Resource Service Center, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, 402296, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Hu, Shao Ji</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">shaojihu@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>Arthropod Systematics &amp; amp; Phylogeny</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2023-03-15</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName LSID="26DA2B91-F7A5-5A8A-B113-C5C4AB99079A" authority="Verity, 1911" authorityName="Verity" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pieris chumbiensis subsp. gyantsensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="chumbiensis" subSpecies="gyantsensis">Pieris chumbiensis gyantsensis Verity, 1911</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="257" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="257">
<taxonomicName authority="r. gyantsensis" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pieris dubernardi subsp. r. var. chumbiensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="dubernardi" subSpecies="r.">Pieris dubernardi var. chumbiensis r. gyantsensis</taxonomicName>
Verity, 1911; Rho-pa-locera Palaearctica (30-36): 329, pl. 66, f. 21-23; TL: &quot;Gyangtse, S. Tibet&quot; (original description)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="257">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Synchloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synchloe chumbiensis subsp. gyantsensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="chumbiensis" subSpecies="gyantsensis">Synchloe chumbiensis gyantsensis</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Bollow, C" journalOrPublisher="In Seitz A (Ed) Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart" pageId="0" pageNumber="257" refId="B5" refString="Bollow, C, 1930. 1930-1932: The Macrolepidoptera of the World, supplement to Vol. 1 - the Palaearctic butterflies. In Seitz A (Ed) Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart" title="1930 - 1932: The Macrolepidoptera of the World, supplement to Vol. 1 - the Palaearctic butterflies." year="1930">Bollow (1930)</bibRefCitation>
: The Macrolepido-ptera of the World, supplement to Vol. 1: 339 pp, pl.16. (infrasubspecific name validated as subspecies of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Synchloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synchloe chumbiensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chumbiensis">Synchloe chumbiensis</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="257">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Verity" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pieris gyantsensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gyantsensis">Pieris gyantsensis</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Tadokoro, T" journalOrPublisher="Butterflies" pageId="0" pageNumber="257" pagination="20 - 35" refId="B22" refString="Tadokoro, T, Shinkawa, T, Wang, M, 2014. Primary study of Pieris napi --group in East Asia (Part II): Phylogenetic analysis, morphological characteristics and geographical distribution. Butterflies 65: 20 - 35" title="Primary study of Pieris napi -- group in East Asia (Part II): Phylogenetic analysis, morphological characteristics and geographical distribution." volume="65" year="2014">Tadokoro et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
: Butterflies 65: 33 (as distinct species)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="257">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Verity" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pieris chumbiensis subsp. gyantsensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="chumbiensis" subSpecies="gyantsensis">Pieris chumbiensis gyantsensis</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Tadokoro, T" journalOrPublisher="Lepidoptera Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="257" pagination="99 - 114" refId="B20" refString="Tadokoro, T, Inomata, T, Wang, M, 2016. Taxonomic review of the Pieris dubernardi -group, with description of a new subspecies from Northern Sichuan, China (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). Lepidoptera Science 67 (3-4): 99 - 114" title="Taxonomic review of the Pieris dubernardi - group, with description of a new subspecies from Northern Sichuan, China (Lepidoptera, Pieridae)." volume="67" year="2016">Tadokoro et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ge &amp; Jiang &amp; Wang &amp; Song &amp; Zhang &amp; Hu" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="257" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
Science 67: 99-114
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="257">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Verity" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pieris chumbiensis subsp. gyantsensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="chumbiensis" subSpecies="gyantsensis">Pieris chumbiensis gyantsensis</taxonomicName>
; Huang (2019): Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 77: 203-255 (pictured, keyed)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="257" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="257">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="257">
Medium size. Both wings whitish on the upperside while yellowish on the underside. Male (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Habitus of species similar to the P. napi - complex, distributed in China. Composite pictures on the left show the upperside, on the right show the underside. A - D Pieris melaina Roeber, 1907. E - F Pieris extensa Poujade, 1888. G - H Pieris chumbiensis gyantsensis Verity, 1911. I - L Pieris melete Menetries, 1857. Scale bar represents 10 mm. (C, D reference Eitschberger, 1983)" figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85191.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/825208" pageId="0" pageNumber="257">13G</figureCitation>
): apical spot blackish, triangular extending along veins to outer margin with a trend of merging. A short black band at the end of the discocell. The 1st spot distinct and oval-shaped, with a trend of a spot faintly occurs on the cell between vein CuA1 and CuA2; outer spot less faintly present on the upperside. All veins of hindwings heavily brownish powdered on the underside, with a brownish sub-outer marginal band. Female (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Habitus of species similar to the P. napi - complex, distributed in China. Composite pictures on the left show the upperside, on the right show the underside. A - D Pieris melaina Roeber, 1907. E - F Pieris extensa Poujade, 1888. G - H Pieris chumbiensis gyantsensis Verity, 1911. I - L Pieris melete Menetries, 1857. Scale bar represents 10 mm. (C, D reference Eitschberger, 1983)" figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85191.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/825208" pageId="0" pageNumber="257">13H</figureCitation>
): resembles male but with black markings more developed. The 1st spot distinctly developed and extends as a black band reaching the posterior margin. Hindwings with blackish sub-marginal band distinctly developed on both sides.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="257" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="257">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="257">Tibet (from Lhasa to Nyalam)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="257" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="257">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="257">Univoltine, occurs in June and July.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="257" type="male genitalia">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="257">Male genitalia.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="257">
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tegumen and uncus of male genitalia in dorsal view. Scale bar represents 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85191.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/825200" pageId="0" pageNumber="257">5Q</figureCitation>
) tegumen broad with its distal margin slightly narrower; basal margin of uncus slightly convex with a moderate concave between tegumen and uncus; uncus with its median part slightly convex, apical half of uncus digitation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="257" type="female genitalia">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="257">Female genitalia.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="257">
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Habitus of species similar to P. napi - complex distributed in China. Scale bar represents 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e85191.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/825203" pageId="0" pageNumber="257">8C</figureCitation>
) posterior apophysis long and slender, extended beyond the 8th tergum; inner distal of sterigma lobe shaped extend to center; inner basal of sterigma without distinct convex, smoothly connected at the basal margin; signum short and broad, almost disk shaped with smooth and shallowly concave on the terminal margin; basal part of signum tubular with distinct bending on the most basal part.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="257" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="257">Note.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="257">
The taxon 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Verity" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pieris gyantsensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gyantsensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="257">Pieris gyantsensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally published by Verity (1911) as a quadrinomial race belonging to 
<taxonomicName family="Pieridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. chum­biensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="257" rank="species" species="chum­biensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="257">P. chum-biensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, thus unavailable due to being infrasub-specific. When 
<bibRefCitation author="Bollow, C" journalOrPublisher="In Seitz A (Ed) Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart" pageId="0" pageNumber="257" refId="B5" refString="Bollow, C, 1930. 1930-1932: The Macrolepidoptera of the World, supplement to Vol. 1 - the Palaearctic butterflies. In Seitz A (Ed) Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart" title="1930 - 1932: The Macrolepidoptera of the World, supplement to Vol. 1 - the Palaearctic butterflies." year="1930">Bollow (1930)</bibRefCitation>
re-defined this taxon as a subspecies of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Synchloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synchloe chumbiensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chumbiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="257">Synchloe chumbiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the subspecies name became an available name. This taxon was once mistreated as belonging to the 
<taxonomicName family="Pieridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. napi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="257" rank="species" species="napi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="257">P. napi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-complex by 
<bibRefCitation author="Tadokoro, T" journalOrPublisher="Butterflies" pageId="0" pageNumber="257" pagination="20 - 35" refId="B22" refString="Tadokoro, T, Shinkawa, T, Wang, M, 2014. Primary study of Pieris napi --group in East Asia (Part II): Phylogenetic analysis, morphological characteristics and geographical distribution. Butterflies 65: 20 - 35" title="Primary study of Pieris napi -- group in East Asia (Part II): Phylogenetic analysis, morphological characteristics and geographical distribution." volume="65" year="2014">Tadokoro et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
according to their phylogenetic results and observations on androconial characteristics. Our molecular results oppositely showed that this taxon constitues a distinct molecular lineage separated from the 
<taxonomicName family="Pieridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. napi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="257" rank="species" species="napi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="257">P. napi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-complex. Moreover, this taxon has long been considered as a member of the 
<taxonomicName family="Pieridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. dubernardi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="257" rank="species" species="dubernardi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="257">P. dubernardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group, a unique species group with distinctive morphological characteristics and a high altitude habitat which includes 
<taxonomicName family="Pieridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. dubernardi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="257" rank="species" species="dubernardi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="257">P. dubernardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName family="Pieridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. rothschildi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="257" rank="species" species="rothschildi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="257">P. rothschildi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName family="Pieridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. wangi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="257" rank="species" species="wangi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="257">P. wangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as well as 
<taxonomicName family="Pieridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. chumbiensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="257" rank="species" species="chumbiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="257">P. chumbiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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