213 lines
18 KiB
XML
213 lines
18 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.90.1121" ID-GBIF-Dataset="20ad46a0-dfc1-47ed-9ede-f4ff4543bb24" ID-PMC="PMC3084491" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-90-35" ID-PubMed="21594106" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-90-35" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 90" ModsDocTitle="New earthworm species of the genus Amynthas Kinberg, 1867 from Thailand (Clitellata, Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae)" checkinTime="1451250492313" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bantaowong, Ueangfa, Chanabun, Ratmanee, Tongkerd, Piyoros, Sutcharit, Chirasak, James, Samuel W. & Panha, Somsak" docDate="2011" docId="1E28F436358E4493FFDFCDDD438D931D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 90: 35-62" docOrigin="ZooKeys 90" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.90.1121" docTitle="Amynthas tontong Panha & Bantaowong, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="A434FF93FFA2FF88264EF25951692910" masterDocTitle="New earthworm species of the genus Amynthas Kinberg, 1867 from Thailand (Clitellata, Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae)" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1668168310634" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New earthworm species of the genus Amynthas Kinberg, 1867 from Thailand (Clitellata, Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bantaowong, Ueangfa</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chanabun, Ratmanee</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tongkerd, Piyoros</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sutcharit, Chirasak</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>James, Samuel W.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Panha, Somsak</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>90</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>35</mods:start>
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<mods:end>62</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.90.1121</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.90.1121</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-90-35</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159364905" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3317146B-143D-4EFC-A0C9-60262073BAFF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E28F436358E4493FFDFCDDD438D931D" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3317146B-143D-4EFC-A0C9-60262073BAFF" authority="Panha & Bantaowong" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas tontong" order="Opisthopora" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tontong">Amynthas tontong Panha & Bantaowong</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="5" pageNumber="40">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 13
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="description of holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Description of Holotype:</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
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Dimensions; 53 mm by 2.7 mm at segment X, 2.6 at segment XX, 2.2 mm at clitellum; body cylindrical with 80 segments. Setae regularly distributed around segmental equators, numbering 42 at VII, 52 at XX, no visible setae between mp, setae formula AA:AB:ZZ:ZY= 1.5:1:1:1 at XIII. Single fp at XIV. Prostomium epilobic. First dorsal pore at 5/6. Clitellum annular
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<normalizedToken originalValue="XIV–XVI">XIV-XVI</normalizedToken>
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with no setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">A pair of indistinct rounded mp in XVIII, 0.19 mm circumference apart ventrally; distance between mp 1.0 mm at 5th seta line. Genital markings closely paired located medial to male pore level in intersegment 18/19. Sp paired in 7/8 at 4th seta line, each small, lip-like structure within porophore, 0.10 circumference apart ventrally; distance between sp 1.0 mm. Genital markings near sp absent.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
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Septa 5/6 and 6/7 thick, 7/8 thin, 8/9 and 9/10 absent 10/11-13/14 thin. Gizzard large within
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<normalizedToken originalValue="VIII–X">VIII-X</normalizedToken>
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, intestinal origin in XV, no lymph glands observed. Typhlosole small from XXVII. Ic originated from XXVII extending forward to XXV, simple finger-shape. Hearts esophageal in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="X–XIII">X-XIII</normalizedToken>
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. Holandric; testes and funnels in ventrally joined sacs in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="X–XI">X-XI</normalizedToken>
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. Sv paired in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="XI–XII">XI-XII</normalizedToken>
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. Prostates in XVIII; prostatic ducts long slender with U-shape. Genital marking glands absent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Ovaries in XIII. Sc one pair in VIII; ampulla thumb shape, duct stout, shorter than ampulla. Diverticulum slender stalk with spherical knob terminal, no genital marking glands observed.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">All the key morphological characters of the holotype and paratype specimens are given in Table 3.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
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Figure 3. External and internal morphology of holotype (CUMZ 3206) of
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas tontong" order="Opisthopora" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tontong">Amynthas tontong</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. A External ventral view, B internal dorsal view and C spermatheca, and black arrow indicates the connection of the spermatheca and spermathecal pore.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-Table-UUID="FBAC2237EE62606BFC1A39CE4A1DE472" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FBAC2237EE62606BFC1A39CE4A1DE472" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
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Table 3. Holotype and Paratype dimension and other morphological characteristics of
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas tontong" order="Opisthopora" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tontong">Amynthas tontong</taxonomicName>
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Panha & Bantaowong sp. n.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
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<table pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="2">CharactersTypes</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="2">Body length (mm)</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="2">Number of segments</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="2">Genital markings</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="2">First dorsal pore</th>
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<th colspan="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="1">Number of setae</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="2">Between male pore</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="2">Prostate glands</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rowspan="2">Intestinal caeca</th>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="variation">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Variation:</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
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The holotype measures 53 mm body length with 80 segments; the three paratypes range in size from 39-41 mm (40.33
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1.15 mm) body length with 71-74 segments (Table 3).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Type locality:</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
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Tontong Waterfall, Nan province, Thailand,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="19.209972">19°12'35.9"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="101.07047">101°04'13.7"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1,128 meters elevation (10th October 2009).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Etymology:</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">This species was named after the type locality, Tontong Waterfall.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Type material:</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">The holotype (CUMZ 3206) and two paratypes (CUMZ 3207) are deposited in Chulalongkorn University, Museum of Zoology. Another paratype will be deposited in the Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Hamburg, Germany (UHH).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Habitat:</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Found in the top soil at about 10 cm depth, the soil surface covered with leaf litter of deciduous forest which originated at the Tontong Waterfall area. The soil was carefully dug close to surface casts. Most surrounding areas have been modified to agricultural fields.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="41" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
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:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas tontong" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tontong">Amynthas tontong</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is a small sized terrestrial earthworm with a close indistinct pair of male pores with a pair of genital markings in intersegment 18/19. Spermathecae consists of a thumb shaped ampulla and a spherical terminal knob shaped diverticulum. Genital marking glands absent, first dorsal pore in 5/6, intestinal caeca simple, intestinal origin XV, septa 8/9/10 absent, testis sacs joined ventrally.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="41" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Remarks:</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas tontong" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tontong">Amynthas tontong</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., along with
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas srinan" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="srinan">Amynthas srinan</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas exiguus subsp. exiguus" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="exiguus" subSpecies="exiguus">Amynthas exiguus exiguus</taxonomicName>
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, is one of the smallest sized
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Amynthas</taxonomicName>
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ever recorded in Thailand. The basic external characters are easily seen in both newly collected and preserved materials. Compared with the two other closely related species from Laos,
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas chandyi" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chandyi">Amynthas chandyi</taxonomicName>
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Hong, 2008 and
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas namphouinensis" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="namphouinensis">Amynthas namphouinensis</taxonomicName>
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Hong, 2008, which belong in the same zebrus-group,
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas chandyi" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chandyi">Amynthas chandyi</taxonomicName>
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is similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas tontong" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tontong">Amynthas tontong</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. However, it differs in the specific details of the significant characters, such as the distance between the mp in
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas tontong" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tontong">Amynthas tontong</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is 1.0 mm for the holotype and ranged from 1.0-1.2 mm (0.93
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.12 mm), while in
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas chandyi" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chandyi">Amynthas chandyi</taxonomicName>
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it ranged from 1.5-2.4 mm. The distance between the male pores as a fraction of the estimated circumference of the 18th segment is 0.15-0.19 in
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas tontong" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tontong">Amynthas tontong</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., but 0.14-0.32 in
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas chandyi" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chandyi">Amynthas chandyi</taxonomicName>
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. The arrangement of the genital markings of both species are totally different, and the distance between a pair of sp is also different, being 0.8-1.0 mm (1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.1 mm) in
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas tontong" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tontong">Amynthas tontong</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and 1.2-1.5 mm for
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas chandyi" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chandyi">Amynthas chandyi</taxonomicName>
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. Moreover,
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas tontong" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tontong">Amynthas tontong</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. has no genital markings near to the sp,whilst
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas chandyi" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chandyi">Amynthas chandyi</taxonomicName>
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exhibits circular genital markings in various locations, paired or single mid ventral in VII, VIII; usually 3 or 4 in total.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
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Alcohol-preserved paratype specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas tontong" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tontong">Amynthas tontong</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. belonged to a single DNA barcode cluster, with an intra-cluster divergence of 0.005 (N=3), and diverging from
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amynthas phatubensis" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="phatubensis">Amynthas phatubensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. by 0.294, and by 0.189 for an undescribed species. An undescribed morph at Tham Pha Tub diverged by 0.100, and may represent a subspecies. A consensus sequence is in Appendix 1.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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