treatments-xml/data/08/8B/45/088B45AA7A792B5CB5BDE6799412CC87.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.61.20345" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0d563c97-dfc2-4ece-839f-bede86247129" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154473117" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-61-31" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFD763333357FFDDFFEDFFDDFFCDE467" ID-ZBK="ACD01798444B4E538B06400520D71AF6" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138964" ID-ZooBank="ACD01798444B4E538B06400520D71AF6" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1314-2607-61-31" ModsDocOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research " ModsDocTitle="New species and designation of primary types in Neotropical carpenter bees of the genus Xylocopa Latreille (Hymenoptera, Apidae)" checkinTime="1553125442179" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lucia, Mariano &amp; Gonzalez, Victor H." docDate="2017" docId="088B45AA7A792B5CB5BDE6799412CC87" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 61: 31-48" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 61" docPubDate="2017-12-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.61.20345" docTitle="Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) andica Enderlein 1913" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="FFD763333357FFDDFFEDFFDDFFCDE467" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="FFD763333357FFDDFFEDFFDDFFCDE467" masterDocTitle="New species and designation of primary types in Neotropical carpenter bees of the genus Xylocopa Latreille (Hymenoptera, Apidae)" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="31" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1643486969470" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>New species and designation of primary types in Neotropical carpenter bees of the genus Xylocopa Latreille (Hymenoptera, Apidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Lucia, Mariano</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Division Entomologia, Laboratorios Anexo Museo de La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 122 y 60, 1900 FWA, La Plata, Argentina. CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Gonzalez, Victor H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Undergraduate Biology Program and Department of Ecology &amp; Evolutionary Biology, Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">victorgonzab@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2017-12-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number>61</mods:number>
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<mods:start>31</mods:start>
<mods:end>48</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.61.20345</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.61.20345</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154473117" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:088B45AA7A792B5CB5BDE6799412CC87" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/088B45AA7A792B5CB5BDE6799412CC87" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName LSID="EAB8865C-1539-5C30-AFEE-94CF85BE58B8" authority="Enderlein, 1913" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) andica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andica" subGenus="Neoxylocopa">Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) andica Enderlein, 1913</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Dorsal habitus of the female lectotype of Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) andica Enderlein." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.61.20345.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/174965" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) andica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andica" subGenus="Neoxylocopa">Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) andica</taxonomicName>
Enderlein, 1913: 160 (Lectotype: USNM; ♀, Peru, Chanchamayo) (new lectotype designation).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="33">This species can be distinguished by the combination of the following features: large body size (body length ~23 mm); pubescence black; integument dark brown to black throughout, basal three terga with weak, dark brown bands; wings dark brown with green highlights apically, violet basally; labrum basally with three longitudinally elongated tubercles; gena and supraocular areas sparsely punctate; mesoscutellum with subhorizontal dorsal surface smooth and shiny, declivitous posterior surface weakly imbricate, dull, not separated by a border or carina; T2 and T3 sparsely punctate on discs, punctures separated by at least 2-3 times a puncture width; apical terga with denser punctures laterally; discs of T2 and T3 medially with very short, black, simple setae, each seta barely exiting puncture, increasing in length laterally and on apical terga.</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138966" doi="10.3897/jhr.61.20345.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/174965" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Dorsal habitus of the female lectotype of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) andica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andica" subGenus="Neoxylocopa">Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) andica</taxonomicName>
Enderlein.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
The female lectotype of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylocopa andica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Xylocopa andica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically similar to the female of 
<taxonomicName family="Apidae" genus="X." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. nigrocincta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="nigrocincta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">X. nigrocincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Smith, a species that occurs in Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay. It differs from 
<taxonomicName family="Apidae" genus="X." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. nigrocincta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="nigrocincta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">X. nigrocincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the coloration of the terga and wings. In 
<taxonomicName family="Apidae" genus="X." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. nigrocincta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="nigrocincta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">X. nigrocincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, all terga are basally reddish brown, except T6, and the wings are dark brown with strong violet highlights. In 
<taxonomicName family="Apidae" genus="X." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. andica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="andica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">X. andica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the basal three terga have weak, dark brown bands, and the wings are dark brown with green highlights apically, violet basally. Because integumental coloration of the metasomal terga and wings are variable in other species of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylocopa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Xylocopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is possible that both species are conspecifics. For example, specimens of 
<taxonomicName family="Apidae" genus="X." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. frontalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">X. frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Olivier) from Central America and northern South America have terga uniformly black and wings with strong green highlights. In contrast, specimens from southern South America (Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay) have light reddish brown bands on the basal terga and wings with strong violet highlights (
<bibRefCitation author="Hurd, Jr PD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C." pageId="16" pageNumber="47" refId="B6" refString="Hurd, Jr PD, 1978. An annotated catalog of the carpenter bees (genus Xylocopa Latreille) of the Western Hemisphere. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C." title="An annotated catalog of the carpenter bees (genus Xylocopa Latreille) of the Western Hemisphere." year="1978">Hurd 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 80-81). Furthermore, we examined two female specimens from the same locality and collector in Argentina (Virginia, nr. La Ramada, Dpto. Burruyacu, III-27-1967 / Cucurbita maxima / USNM) in which the coloration of the wings is similar to that of 
<taxonomicName family="Apidae" genus="X." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. andica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="andica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">X. andica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in one of them, and to 
<taxonomicName family="Apidae" genus="X." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. nigrocincta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="nigrocincta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">X. nigrocincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the other.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
Another species that might be conspecific with 
<taxonomicName family="Apidae" genus="X." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. nigrocincta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="nigrocincta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">X. nigrocincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 
<taxonomicName family="Apidae" genus="X." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. suspecta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="suspecta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">X. suspecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Moure and Camargo, a species recorded from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay (
<bibRefCitation author="Moure, JS" editor="Moure, JS" journalOrPublisher="Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia, Curitiba" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" pagination="637 - 673" publicationUrl="http://www.moure.cria.org.br/catalogue" refId="B17" refString="Moure, JS, 2007. Xylocopini Latreille, 1802. In: Moure, JS, Urban, D, Melo, GAR, Eds., Catalogue of Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in the Neotropical Region. Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia, Curitiba: 637 - 673, http://www.moure.cria.org.br/catalogue" title="Xylocopini Latreille, 1802." url="http://www.moure.cria.org.br/catalogue" volumeTitle="Catalogue of Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in the Neotropical Region." year="2007">Moure 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Male and female specimens from Bolivia (El Beni) standing in SEMC under 
<taxonomicName family="Apidae" genus="X." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. suspecta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="suspecta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">X. suspecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are undistinguishable from 
<taxonomicName family="Apidae" genus="X." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. nigrocincta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="nigrocincta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">X. nigrocincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including in the male genitalia. Doubtless, future studies are necessary to assess the species limits of these species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylocopa andica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Xylocopa andica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from five specimens (two females and three males) and no holotype was designated. According to T. Hufleit (MIZ), these syntypes were borrowed by the late J.S. Moure in 1959 and were never returned. These specimens could not be located at the Universidade Federal do 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
, Curitiba, Brazil (G. Melo, pers. comm.). However, we found a female specimen of this type series in the general bee collection of the USNM, which we here designate as the lectotype to stabilize the name. The label data for this specimen are as follows: Peru Chanchamayo [Wilhelm] Hoffmanns [green label] / Co = Typus [yellow label] / 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylocopa andica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andica">Xylocopa andica</taxonomicName>
Enderl. ♀ Type Dr. Enderlein det.1913 [handwritten] / Lectotype, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylocopa andica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Xylocopa andica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Enderlein des. M. Lucia &amp; V.H. Gonzalez. This specimen is currently in USNM.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Peru (Chanchamayo).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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