<documentID-CLB-Dataset="55554"ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479"ID-GBIF-Dataset="5aac74a0-6137-49b8-bb46-3a39b99b3e7c"ID-PMC="PMC9848918"ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1099-155"ID-Pensoft-UUID="2D995654666955B2B228852B9EA78EAC"ID-PubMed="36761443"ID-ZooBank="A963E7C7F1BF4BF2BB4FA0CD5D319691"ModsDocID="1313-2970-1099-155"checkinTime="1652359792651"checkinUser="pensoft"docAuthor="Nethupul, Hasitha, Stoehr, Sabine & Zhang, Haibin"docDate="2022"docId="94024E655460521789FC5D010B3EA05F"docLanguage="en"docName="ZooKeys 1099: 155-202"docOrigin="ZooKeys 1099"docPubDate="2022-05-11"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479"docTitle="Ophioplinthaca athena A. H Clark 1949"docType="treatment"docVersion="5"id="2D995654666955B2B228852B9EA78EAC"lastPageNumber="155"masterDocId="2D995654666955B2B228852B9EA78EAC"masterDocTitle="Review of Ophioplinthaca Verrill, 1899 (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Ophiacanthidae), description of new species in Ophioplinthaca and Ophiophthalmus, and new records from the Northwest Pacific and the South China Sea"masterLastPageNumber="202"masterPageNumber="155"pageNumber="155"updateTime="1732748171981"updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="CC0F1DC15B15D9C2F26770997325FA43">Review of Ophioplinthaca Verrill, 1899 (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Ophiacanthidae), description of new species in Ophioplinthaca and Ophiophthalmus, and new records from the Northwest Pacific and the South China Sea</mods:title>
<mods:affiliationid="F2FC54E3D370E09CE26E3491732D8A80">Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 57200 Sanya, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="56AE1EBB11680118A0424EC0C3875362">Swedish Museum of Natural History, Dept of Zoology, Box 50007, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="0B47DD56B0F52C6ADFF22419056825CC">Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 57200 Sanya, China</mods:affiliation>
<taxonomicNameid="0176E58386A5DD75D8286DF188472A41"LSID="94024E65-5460-5217-89FC-5D010B3EA05F"authority="A. H Clark, 1949"authorityName="A. H Clark"authorityYear="1949"class="Ophiuroidea"family="Ophiacanthidae"genus="Ophioplinthaca"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Ophioplinthaca athena"order="Amphilepidida"pageId="0"pageNumber="155"phylum="Echinodermata"rank="species"species="athena">Ophioplinthaca athena A. H Clark, 1949</taxonomicName>
<figureCitationid="56B07B05E97C49ECCF01A4CD332336C7"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-E disc spines F radial shield G lateral disc H oral frame I ventral side of the arm base J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, F-K, M); 500 µm (L); 200 µm (D, E)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682271"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">Figs 10</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="746104A10C881511621EB670EB895326"captionStart="Figure 11"captionStartId="F11"captionText="Figure 11. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A, B lateral arm plate C dorsal arm spine D dorsal arm plate E-I vertebrae E proximal view F distal view G ventral view H dorsal view I lateral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, dl dorsal lobe, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, ri ridge, th thorns, v ventral, vl ventral lobe, vs volute-shape. Scale bars: 800 µm (A-I)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure11"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682272"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">, 11</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="F9C2391A5B96149DE9B5474903798B29"authorityName="A. H Clark"authorityYear="1949"class="Ophiuroidea"family="Ophiacanthidae"genus="Ophioplinthaca"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Ophioplinthaca athena"order="Amphilepidida"pageId="0"pageNumber="155"phylum="Echinodermata"rank="species"species="athena">Ophioplinthaca athena</taxonomicName>
<figureCitationid="E525CD740C0BC978D01EB983F2D86554"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F9"captionText="Figure 9. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A, B lateral arm plate C ventral arm spine D-H vertebrae D proximal view E distal view F ventral view G dorsal view H lateral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, ri ridge, th thorns, v ventral, vs volute-shape. Scale bars: 800 µm (A-E, G, H); 500 µm (F)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682270"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">9</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="8899E90B35270AB78E94768FD503A432"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-E disc spines F radial shield G lateral disc H oral frame I ventral side of the arm base J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, F-K, M); 500 µm (L); 200 µm (D, E)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682271"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">10A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="898351AF5593A650889F74988680688D"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-E disc spines F radial shield G lateral disc H oral frame I ventral side of the arm base J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, F-K, M); 500 µm (L); 200 µm (D, E)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682271"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">10C-F</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="8E1034548487C06701B076DC06610459"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-E disc spines F radial shield G lateral disc H oral frame I ventral side of the arm base J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, F-K, M); 500 µm (L); 200 µm (D, E)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682271"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">10D-F</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="4617B7616214A087F732C135E5335B70"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-E disc spines F radial shield G lateral disc H oral frame I ventral side of the arm base J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, F-K, M); 500 µm (L); 200 µm (D, E)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682271"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">10D-F</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="AE34574CBB5D13ECFBBFD0AE10C13C05"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-E disc spines F radial shield G lateral disc H oral frame I ventral side of the arm base J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, F-K, M); 500 µm (L); 200 µm (D, E)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682271"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">10D, E</figureCitation>
as long as wide, acute proximal end, much wider and slightly convex distal end, pairs separated along proximal half, and barely connected distally (Fig.
<figureCitationid="76842F6A2C25CDEC4CAAA9EC01A7E5E3"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-E disc spines F radial shield G lateral disc H oral frame I ventral side of the arm base J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, F-K, M); 500 µm (L); 200 µm (D, E)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682271"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">10F</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="3967B450EF29855F4883A2D971868594"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-E disc spines F radial shield G lateral disc H oral frame I ventral side of the arm base J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, F-K, M); 500 µm (L); 200 µm (D, E)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682271"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">10B, G</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="970435AC482729D59E021BAE984B994F"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-E disc spines F radial shield G lateral disc H oral frame I ventral side of the arm base J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, F-K, M); 500 µm (L); 200 µm (D, E)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682271"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">10G</figureCitation>
). Madreporite arrowhead-shaped, as wide as long, triangular with pointed proximal end, lobed distal edge with thickened lateral margins. Other oral shields widely triangular, twice as wide as long, wide proximal angle, distal edge folded ventralwards with minute central lobe, and lateral angle connected to first lateral arm plate (Fig.
<figureCitationid="599B7BF0B3A953B74DF93DB5843241F5"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-E disc spines F radial shield G lateral disc H oral frame I ventral side of the arm base J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, F-K, M); 500 µm (L); 200 µm (D, E)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682271"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">10H</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="7DFD5C47B1F1A292864580801DA1D67B"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-E disc spines F radial shield G lateral disc H oral frame I ventral side of the arm base J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, F-K, M); 500 µm (L); 200 µm (D, E)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682271"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">10H</figureCitation>
). Jaw longer than wide, bearing one slightly blunt, flat, elongated, and large ventralmost tooth and four elongated, spiniform lateral oral papillae (Fig.
<figureCitationid="5A972B92939F15316EDB6852CCEDAC82"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-E disc spines F radial shield G lateral disc H oral frame I ventral side of the arm base J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, F-K, M); 500 µm (L); 200 µm (D, E)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682271"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">10H</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="27028F7827E4874E3D64AB0485ABED07"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-E disc spines F radial shield G lateral disc H oral frame I ventral side of the arm base J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, F-K, M); 500 µm (L); 200 µm (D, E)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682271"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">10H</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="D4F44AC48D6E68ED470DAA9D3020785E"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-E disc spines F radial shield G lateral disc H oral frame I ventral side of the arm base J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, F-K, M); 500 µm (L); 200 µm (D, E)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682271"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">10I</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="D0AE7785EA374F18E0F879DB9703E97D"authorityName="A. H Clark"authorityYear="1949"class="Ophiuroidea"family="Ophiacanthidae"genus="Ophioplinthaca"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Ophioplinthaca athena"order="Amphilepidida"pageId="0"pageNumber="155"phylum="Echinodermata"rank="species"species="athena">
Five slightly moniliform arms, with smooth plates. Dorsal arm plates twice as long as wide, with truncated proximal end in first dorsal arm plate (Fig.
<figureCitationid="4E589EFC39EDD892933B4829E245B1F0"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-E disc spines F radial shield G lateral disc H oral frame I ventral side of the arm base J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, F-K, M); 500 µm (L); 200 µm (D, E)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682271"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">10J</figureCitation>
), but following plates with triangular proximal end, slightly curved proximolateral margins, and convex to slightly wavy distal margins covered with minute spines (Fig.
<figureCitationid="394692578B6D9F1E8AD1A59903527306"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-E disc spines F radial shield G lateral disc H oral frame I ventral side of the arm base J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, F-K, M); 500 µm (L); 200 µm (D, E)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682271"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">10J, K</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="7BB3A51A11F06FB2DFDBDEE2214F3E4D"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-E disc spines F radial shield G lateral disc H oral frame I ventral side of the arm base J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, F-K, M); 500 µm (L); 200 µm (D, E)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682271"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">10J, K</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="0F94B5ED846684E05C5A181ED4782A30"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-E disc spines F radial shield G lateral disc H oral frame I ventral side of the arm base J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, F-K, M); 500 µm (L); 200 µm (D, E)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682271"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">10I</figureCitation>
). Following ventral arm plates twice as wide as long, with obtuse proximally, straight proximolateral margins, curved lateral angles, straight to slightly wavy distal end, distal margins covered with minute spines, and widely separated (Fig.
<figureCitationid="E24EE8699308946070EE4BA21FC0E93F"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-E disc spines F radial shield G lateral disc H oral frame I ventral side of the arm base J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, F-K, M); 500 µm (L); 200 µm (D, E)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682271"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">10L</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="18A089A8EE2F2729B52627AB64B8AFFF"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-E disc spines F radial shield G lateral disc H oral frame I ventral side of the arm base J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, F-K, M); 500 µm (L); 200 µm (D, E)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682271"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">10K-M</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="D6DFD93CA59AF4853045DED1C1DA7A2C"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-E disc spines F radial shield G lateral disc H oral frame I ventral side of the arm base J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, F-K, M); 500 µm (L); 200 µm (D, E)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682271"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">10M</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="1A8DBFDA1D40A0317E1C06A88FE1BEA5"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-E disc spines F radial shield G lateral disc H oral frame I ventral side of the arm base J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, F-K, M); 500 µm (L); 200 µm (D, E)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682271"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">10M</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="0989A3369E0E6BD8EEDEEA2CD02C957C"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-E disc spines F radial shield G lateral disc H oral frame I ventral side of the arm base J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, F-K, M); 500 µm (L); 200 µm (D, E)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682271"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">10M</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="9A7934D23A25647EF42407D4E36C8FD2"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-E disc spines F radial shield G lateral disc H oral frame I ventral side of the arm base J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, F-K, M); 500 µm (L); 200 µm (D, E)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682271"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">10L, M</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A1234FC8556D54AD8884CD7FCD0D0576"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-E disc spines F radial shield G lateral disc H oral frame I ventral side of the arm base J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, F-K, M); 500 µm (L); 200 µm (D, E)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682271"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">10H, I</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="18C3B7CCA4A84C72C261068B9D1E687A"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-E disc spines F radial shield G lateral disc H oral frame I ventral side of the arm base J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, F-K, M); 500 µm (L); 200 µm (D, E)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682271"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">10L</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="2C9F2DB6E979D42CC428670804DC13A7"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-E disc spines F radial shield G lateral disc H oral frame I ventral side of the arm base J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, F-K, M); 500 µm (L); 200 µm (D, E)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682271"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">10</figureCitation>
Arm spine articulations well developed, four in number, and placed at slight angle to distal edge of lateral arm plate. Volute-shaped perforated lobe forms dorsal and distal part of articulation, with large muscle opening and small nerve opening (Fig.
<figureCitationid="345E7B3B913A7FED5E9563FE2D197609"captionStart="Figure 11"captionStartId="F11"captionText="Figure 11. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A, B lateral arm plate C dorsal arm spine D dorsal arm plate E-I vertebrae E proximal view F distal view G ventral view H dorsal view I lateral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, dl dorsal lobe, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, ri ridge, th thorns, v ventral, vl ventral lobe, vs volute-shape. Scale bars: 800 µm (A-I)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure11"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682272"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">11A</figureCitation>
). Distal half of inner side of lateral arm plate with group of small, irregular perforations parallel to row of spine articulations; a continuous ridge and a prominent knob close to ventral edge form vertebral articulation, shaped like a broad, nose-shaped beak (Fig.
<figureCitationid="F5B75C0A3A5B99888BB67F93E2EE0A16"captionStart="Figure 11"captionStartId="F11"captionText="Figure 11. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A, B lateral arm plate C dorsal arm spine D dorsal arm plate E-I vertebrae E proximal view F distal view G ventral view H dorsal view I lateral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, dl dorsal lobe, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, ri ridge, th thorns, v ventral, vl ventral lobe, vs volute-shape. Scale bars: 800 µm (A-I)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure11"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682272"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">11B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="0EC1A5D20E10E84E4689E811B4817DE3"captionStart="Figure 11"captionStartId="F11"captionText="Figure 11. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A, B lateral arm plate C dorsal arm spine D dorsal arm plate E-I vertebrae E proximal view F distal view G ventral view H dorsal view I lateral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, dl dorsal lobe, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, ri ridge, th thorns, v ventral, vl ventral lobe, vs volute-shape. Scale bars: 800 µm (A-I)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure11"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682272"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">11C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="923A12CF444DF0A72953BB13E4C99D3D"captionStart="Figure 11"captionStartId="F11"captionText="Figure 11. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A, B lateral arm plate C dorsal arm spine D dorsal arm plate E-I vertebrae E proximal view F distal view G ventral view H dorsal view I lateral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, dl dorsal lobe, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, ri ridge, th thorns, v ventral, vl ventral lobe, vs volute-shape. Scale bars: 800 µm (A-I)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure11"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682272"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">11D</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="B15BBA2BD976C59C7EE0C290161CA1D1"captionStart="Figure 11"captionStartId="F11"captionText="Figure 11. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A, B lateral arm plate C dorsal arm spine D dorsal arm plate E-I vertebrae E proximal view F distal view G ventral view H dorsal view I lateral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, dl dorsal lobe, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, ri ridge, th thorns, v ventral, vl ventral lobe, vs volute-shape. Scale bars: 800 µm (A-I)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure11"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682272"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">11E-I</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="68860010595E87B1FAA2CE153232FBA8"captionStart="Figure 11"captionStartId="F11"captionText="Figure 11. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A, B lateral arm plate C dorsal arm spine D dorsal arm plate E-I vertebrae E proximal view F distal view G ventral view H dorsal view I lateral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, dl dorsal lobe, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, ri ridge, th thorns, v ventral, vl ventral lobe, vs volute-shape. Scale bars: 800 µm (A-I)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure11"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682272"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">11E, F</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="D7C96ED4216A4AD59AA5E7BE58014895"captionStart="Figure 11"captionStartId="F11"captionText="Figure 11. Ophioplinthaca athena A. H. Clark, 1949 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0110) A, B lateral arm plate C dorsal arm spine D dorsal arm plate E-I vertebrae E proximal view F distal view G ventral view H dorsal view I lateral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, dl dorsal lobe, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, ri ridge, th thorns, v ventral, vl ventral lobe, vs volute-shape. Scale bars: 800 µm (A-I)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure11"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682272"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">11G-I</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="8A55F6E0C37CF6CA3948DA75343EC58B"authorityName="A. H Clark"authorityYear="1949"class="Ophiuroidea"family="Ophiacanthidae"genus="Ophioplinthaca"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Ophioplinthaca athena"order="Amphilepidida"pageId="0"pageNumber="155"phylum="Echinodermata"rank="species"species="athena">
<paragraphid="DDD89A9479C44259DC840866E2C7294A"pageId="0"pageNumber="155">1866-2157 m depth, Southwest of Guam Island, Northwest Pacific, Kupuai, Hawaii Islands.</paragraph>
<taxonomicNameid="3C7A52BA5289CF7ABA1DD7AC7B3FFC27"authorityName="A. H Clark"authorityYear="1949"class="Ophiuroidea"family="Ophiacanthidae"genus="Ophioplinthaca"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Ophioplinthaca athena"order="Amphilepidida"pageId="0"pageNumber="155"phylum="Echinodermata"rank="species"species="athena">
<bibRefCitationid="693E2C4086D756A99BC8530F1BA4EEFF"author="Clark, AH"journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum"pageId="0"pageNumber="155"pagination="3 - 133"refId="B11"refString="Clark, AH, 1949. Ophiuroidea of the Hawaiian Islands. Bulletin of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum 195: 3 - 133"title="Ophiuroidea of the Hawaiian Islands. Bulletin of the Bernice P."volume="195"year="1949">Clark (1949)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="57C71436FFC95139129F5B98F14ED5B0"authorityName="A. H Clark"authorityYear="1949"class="Ophiuroidea"family="Ophiacanthidae"genus="Ophioplinthaca"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Ophioplinthaca athena"order="Amphilepidida"pageId="0"pageNumber="155"phylum="Echinodermata"rank="species"species="athena">
<tableCitationid="52FF439B61401FC01426BF41ED639D65"captionStart="Table 3"captionStartId="T3"captionText="Table 3. Tabular key to all species of the genus Ophioplinthaca. Abbreviations: ASE arm segment, ASS Adoral shield spine, DAP dorsal arm plate, DAS dorsal arm spines, L length, LOP lateral oral papillae, VAP ventral arm plate, VAS ventral arm spines, VMT ventralmost tooth, W width."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9F85B69899787A840F669B2BD815C383"pageId="0"pageNumber="155"tableUuid="9F85B69899787A840F669B2BD815C383">3</tableCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="7700CB844350A7CEDA39A48E1F1962F5"authorityName="A. H Clark"authorityYear="1949"class="Ophiuroidea"family="Ophiacanthidae"genus="Ophioplinthaca"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Ophioplinthaca athena"order="Amphilepidida"pageId="0"pageNumber="155"phylum="Echinodermata"rank="species"species="athena">
from the present study is similar to the holotype description, but it differs slightly by separated dorsal arm plates and the shape of the dorsal arm spines, although the latter varies within our individual. Therefore, the shape of the arm spines is not a suitable morphological character to delimit
. The description of the holotype mentioned that dorsal arm plates were contiguous, but in our specimen, they are just separated along the arm, and there are no paratypes of
<bibRefCitationid="83D812E2DF5D90C689ACF2A3A35109E2"author="Clark, AH"journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum"pageId="0"pageNumber="155"pagination="3 - 133"refId="B11"refString="Clark, AH, 1949. Ophiuroidea of the Hawaiian Islands. Bulletin of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum 195: 3 - 133"title="Ophiuroidea of the Hawaiian Islands. Bulletin of the Bernice P."volume="195"year="1949">Clark 1949</bibRefCitation>
