treatments-xml/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FFAF6A10FA5394D718F1B3DB.xml

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<mods:title id="B15FC8ADDCD3FBC9B391B2EF8167171E">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BD6C9715029E054664C2C27C49B4C623">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B0B2638D8DF94AEA54A7405AFAF0DAD8">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FC515F69C944BA4FF08209B9012813AD">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFAF6A10FA5394D71BFEB9F2" box="[1455,1534,654,704]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFAF6A10FA5394D71BFEB9F2" blockId="84.[1451,2590,654,744]" box="[1455,1534,654,704]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">
<heading id="9F638192FFAF6A10FA5394D71BFEB9F2" box="[1455,1534,654,704]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">
<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFFAF6A10FA5394D71BFEB9F2" box="[1455,1534,654,704]" captionStart="Plate 62: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="83.[123,153,3251,3276]" captionTargetBox="[12,2747,19,3659]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="170. Humboldt’s Big-eared Brown Bat (Hustiotus humboldti), 171. Tropical Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus velatus), 172. Transparent-winged Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus diaphanopterus), 173. Strange Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus alienus), 174. Small Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus montanus), 175. Thomas’s Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus laephotis), 176. Common Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus macrotus), 177. Southern Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus magellanicus), 178. Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus), 179. Guadeloupe Serotine (Eptesicus guadeloupensis), 180. Diminutive Serotine (Eptesicus diminutus), 181. Little Black Serotine (Eptesicus andinus), 182. Chiriquinan Serotine (Eptesicus chiriquinus), 183. Argentine Serotine (Eptesicus furinalis), 184. Harmless Serotine (Eptesicus innoxius), 185. Brazilian Serotine (Eplesicus brasiliensis), 186. Taddei’s Serotine (Eptesicus taddeii), 187. Ulapes Serotine (Eptesicus ulapesensis), 188. Horn-skinned Serotine (Eptesicus floweri), 189. Lagos Serotine (Eptesicus platyops), 190. Long-tailed Serotine (Eptesicus hottentotus), 191. Ognev’s Serotine (Eptesicus ognevi), 192. Anatolian Serotine (Eptesicus anatolicus), 193. Botta’s Serotine (Eptesicus bottae), 194. Meridional Serotine (Eptesicus isabellinus), 195. Oriental Serotine (Eptesicus pachyomus), 196. Eurasian Serotine (Eplesicus serotinus), 197. Northern Serotine (Eptesicus nilssonii), 198. Sombre Serotine (Eptesicus tatei), 199. Gobi Serotine (Eptesicus gobiensis), 200. Japanese Serotine (Eptesicus japonensis), 201. Thick-eared Serotine (Eplesicus pachyotis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398523/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">175.</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFAF6A10F9F394D71692B9F2" blockId="84.[1451,2590,654,744]" box="[1551,2194,654,704]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">
<heading id="9F638192FFAF6A10F9F394D71692B9F2" box="[1551,2194,654,704]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFAF6A10F9F394D71692B9F2" ID-CoL="3M5GH" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1916" box="[1551,2194,654,704]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Histiotus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="842" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laephotis">Thomas’s Big-eared Brown Bat</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFAF6A10F72994D7141EB9F2" box="[2261,2590,654,704]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFAF6A10F72994D7141EB9F2" blockId="84.[1451,2590,654,744]" box="[2261,2590,654,704]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">
<heading id="9F638192FFAF6A10F72994D7141EB9F2" box="[2261,2590,654,704]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFAF6A10F72994D7141EB9F2" ID-CoL="3M5GH" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1916" box="[2261,2590,654,704]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Histiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="842" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laephotis">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFAF6A10F72994D7141EB9F2" box="[2261,2590,654,704]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">Histiotus laephotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
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<heading id="9F638192FFAF6A10FA57948A178FB9DA" box="[1451,2447,723,744]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFAF6A10FA57948A1BF7B9DA" bold="true" box="[1451,1527,723,744]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFAF6A10F9FD948A18BBB9DA" ID-CoL="3M5GH" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1916" box="[1537,1723,723,744]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Histiotus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="842" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laephotis">
Sérotine de 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFAF6A10F980948A18BBB9DA" box="[1660,1723,723,744]" name="Bolivia" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">Bolivie</collectingCountry>
</vernacularName>
/ 
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFAF6A10F92C948A192BB9DA" bold="true" box="[1744,1835,723,744]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFAF6A10F8CC948A164BB9DA" ID-CoL="3M5GH" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1916" box="[1840,2123,723,744]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Histiotus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="842" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laephotis">Thomas-GroRohrfledermaus</vernacularName>
/ 
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFAF6A10F79C948A16BBB9DA" bold="true" box="[2144,2235,723,744]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFAF6A10F739948A178FB9DA" ID-CoL="3M5GH" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1916" box="[2245,2447,723,744]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Histiotus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="842" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laephotis">Histiotus de Thomas</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFAF6A10F7F395431659B86C" pageId="84" pageNumber="842" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFAF6A10F7F395431659B86C" blockId="84.[2063,2657,794,1217]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFAF6A10F7F3954316AAB805" bold="true" box="[2063,2218,794,823]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFAF6A10F73795431654B86C" ID-CoL="3M5GH" authority="Thomas, 1916" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1916" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Histiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="842" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laephotis">Histiotus laephotis Thomas, 1916</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFAF6A10F7989564173EB86C" blockId="84.[2063,2657,794,1217]" box="[2148,2366,829,862]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">
<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FFAF6A10F7989564173EB86C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319363" box="[2148,2366,829,862]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">
“Caiza,” 
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFAF6A10F7EC953C1423BFF3" pageId="84" pageNumber="842" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFAF6A10F7EC953C1423BFF3" blockId="84.[2063,2657,794,1217]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">
Since its description, status of 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFAF6A10F634953C1461B8B4" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1916" box="[2504,2657,869,902]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Histiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="842" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laephotis">H. laephotis</taxonomicName>
has been confusing. It has been previously considered a full species and later a subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFAF6A10F7969582170DB8CE" baseAuthorityName="Philippi &amp; Landbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[2154,2317,987,1020]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Histiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="842" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanus">H. montanus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFAF6A10F6B2958217E4B8CE" baseAuthorityName="Poeppig" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[2382,2532,987,1020]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Histiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="842" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotus">H. macrotus</taxonomicName>
. It is now considered a distinct species by most authors based on morphological and ecological evidence. It is frequently mistaken with 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFAF6A10F6029208164BBFA8" baseAuthorityName="Poeppig" baseAuthorityYear="1835" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Histiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="842" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotus">H. macrotus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFAF6A10F76592D81745BFA8" baseAuthorityName="Philippi &amp; Landbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[2201,2373,1153,1178]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Histiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="842" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanus">H. montanus</taxonomicName>
, therefore, accurate data in literature are scarce. Monotypic.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFAF6A10FA569292199ABE3D" pageId="84" pageNumber="842" type="distribution">
<caption id="90EB6676FFAF6A10FA569292199ABE3D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398178" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398178/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="842" targetBox="[1448,2039,800,1214]" targetPageId="84">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFAF6A10FA569292199ABE3D" blockId="84.[1447,2656,1227,2281]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFAF6A10FA5692921859BFDA" bold="true" box="[1450,1625,1227,1256]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">Distribution.</emphasis>
S 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFAF6A10F982929218C1BFDA" box="[1662,1729,1227,1256]" name="Peru" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">Peru</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFAF6A10F92E92921932BFDA" box="[1746,1842,1227,1256]" name="Bolivia" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, N 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFAF6A10F89F929219AFBFDA" box="[1891,1967,1227,1256]" name="Chile" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">Chile</collectingCountry>
, E slope of Andes in NW 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFAF6A10F6E8929217A4BFDA" box="[2324,2468,1227,1256]" name="Argentina" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, W &amp; C 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFAF6A10F5E592921BE9BE3D" name="Paraguay" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
, and S 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFAF6A10F9AD92B718A0BE3D" box="[1617,1696,1262,1295]" name="Brazil" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Santa Catarina).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFAF6A10FA5593431451BDAB" pageId="84" pageNumber="842" type="description">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFAF6A10FA5593431451BDAB" blockId="84.[1447,2656,1227,2281]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFAF6A10FA55934318A3BE05" bold="true" box="[1449,1699,1306,1335]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body ¢.57-68 mm, tail 43-59-2 mm, ear 27-39-5 mm, hindfoot 7-12 mm, forearm 44-50-1 mm; weight 9-14 g. Dorsal hairs of Thomas’s Big-eared Brown Bat are yellowish to dark brown and slightly bicolored, with variable contrast between bases and tips. Ventral hairs are bicolored, with blackish bases and yellowish tips. Ears are pale brown or yellowish, very large, and connected by conspicuous membrane; tragus is wide and long, reaching one-half the ear length. Wings are thin and naked, pale gray or brown, and slightly transparent. Muzzle is inflated and has sparse hairs. Skull is robust; sagittal and lambdoidal crests are practically absent; zygomatic arches have strongly developed postorbital process ofjugal; palate is slightly concave centrally; caudal spine is well developed; and tympanic bullae are large and rounded.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFAF6A10FA5590F917CDBDDB" pageId="84" pageNumber="842" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFAF6A10FA5590F917CDBDDB" blockId="84.[1447,2656,1227,2281]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFAF6A10FA5590F91817BDF3" bold="true" box="[1449,1559,1696,1729]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">Habitat.</emphasis>
Forested areas at known elevations of 350-3686 m. Thomas's Big-eared Brown Bat has been captured in Atlantic rainforest, thorn forests, and pine forests.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFAF6A10FA5490B7199DBC3D" box="[1448,1949,1774,1807]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFAF6A10FA5490B7199DBC3D" blockId="84.[1447,2656,1227,2281]" box="[1448,1949,1774,1807]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFAF6A10FA5490B718AEBC3D" bold="true" box="[1448,1710,1774,1807]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
No information.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFAF6A10FA54914F1819BC6C" pageId="84" pageNumber="842" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFAF6A10FA54914F1819BC6C" blockId="84.[1447,2656,1227,2281]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFAF6A10FA54914F182FBC05" bold="true" box="[1448,1583,1814,1847]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">Breeding.</emphasis>
A lactating Thomas’s Big-eared Brown Bat was caught in November in 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFAF6A10F5CF914F1815BC6C" name="Argentina" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">Argentina</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFAF6A10FA5B913C164FBCCE" pageId="84" pageNumber="842" type="activity">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFAF6A10FA5B913C164FBCCE" blockId="84.[1447,2656,1227,2281]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFAF6A10FA5B913C1897BCB4" bold="true" box="[1447,1687,1893,1926]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
Roosts of Thomas's Big-eared Brown Bats were found in a wooded storage barn. Echolocation calls have QCF components. Calls sweep down from c.38 kHz to ¢.26 kHz, with duration of c.1-3 milliseconds. Interpulse interval averages 94 milliseconds, and peak frequency is ¢.30 kHz.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFAF6A10FA5B9E5A1753B316" box="[1447,2387,2051,2084]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFAF6A10FA5B9E5A1753B316" blockId="84.[1447,2656,1227,2281]" box="[1447,2387,2051,2084]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFAF6A10FA5B9E5A1664B316" bold="true" box="[1447,2148,2051,2084]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
No information.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFAF6A10FA549E72143AB340" pageId="84" pageNumber="842" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFAF6A10FA549E72143AB340" blockId="84.[1447,2656,1227,2281]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFAF6A10FA549E721906B37E" bold="true" box="[1448,1798,2091,2124]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on The [UCN Red List. Thomas's Big-eared Brown Bat is not abundant locally, and its habitatis in significant decline.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFAF6A10FA549EDB18F1B3DB" pageId="84" pageNumber="842" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFAF6A10FA549EDB18F1B3DB" blockId="84.[1447,2656,1227,2281]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFAF6A10FA549EDB1841B3A9" bold="true" box="[1448,1601,2178,2203]" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Acosta &amp; Venegas (2006), Autino et al. (1999), Barquez &amp; Diaz (2001, 2008a), Barquez etal. (1999), Handley &amp; Gardner (2008), Lopez-Gonzélez et al. (1998), 
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFAF6A10F7909EF016C2B3F0" box="[2156,2242,2217,2242]" country="Venezuela" name="Miranda" pageId="84" pageNumber="842">Miranda</collectingRegion>
et al. (2007), Ossa et al. (2015), Simmons (2005), Thomas (1916b).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>