187 lines
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187 lines
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.613.8309" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c9eb6df8-884d-4ab7-a470-95e6831f536d" ID-PMC="PMC5027644" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-613-1" ID-PubMed="27667928" ID-ZBK="0FDE9BAB3DD4402DB6E1177639C32D43" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-613-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 613" ModsDocTitle="The Middle Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Khok Sung (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): biochronological and paleobiogeographical implications" checkinTime="1472587903591" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Suraprasit, Kantapon, Jaeger, Jean-Jacques, Chaimanee, Yaowalak, Chavasseau, Olivier, Yamee, Chotima, Tian, Pannipa & Panha, Somsak" docDate="2016" docId="7A0457D9E8C764208A693436557EB881" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 613: 1-157" docOrigin="ZooKeys 613" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.613.8309" docTitle="Macaca sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFE0FFDCF21FE33DFFCFFFB3FFF4FF93" masterDocTitle="The Middle Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Khok Sung (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): biochronological and paleobiogeographical implications" masterLastPageNumber="157" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1668163447659" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Middle Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Khok Sung (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): biochronological and paleobiogeographical implications</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Suraprasit, Kantapon</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jaeger, Jean-Jacques</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chaimanee, Yaowalak</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chavasseau, Olivier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Yamee, Chotima</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tian, Pannipa</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Panha, Somsak</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>613</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>157</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.613.8309</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.613.8309</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-613-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">0FDE9BAB3DD4402DB6E1177639C32D43</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0FDE9BAB3DD4402DB6E1177639C32D43</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127859839" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7A0457D9E8C764208A693436557EB881" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A0457D9E8C764208A693436557EB881" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Taxon classification Animalia Primates Cercopithecidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Macaca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macaca" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Macaca sp.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Referred material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A right tibia, DMR-KS-05-04-04-1.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Material description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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The right tibia is complete (Fig. 6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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) and elongated (for measurements, see Appendix 1). On the proximal articular surface, the medial condyle is as large as the lateral one. The lateral condyle is convex anteroposteriorly (Fig. 6C). The posteromedial margin of the lateral condyle lacks a notch that indicates a single meniscus attachment. At the proximal end, the tibial tuberosity is developed. The shaft is elongated, anteriorly and laterally bowed, and not anteroposteriorly compressed (Fig. 6A, B). Distally, the trochlear surface is trapezoid in outline (Fig. 6D). The medial malleolus is well-developed and projects more anteriorly than posteriorly. The medial and lateral parts of the trochlear surface are equally separated by a weak median keel.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Figure 6. Postcranial remains of
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Macaca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macaca" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Macaca</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Cuon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cuon" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cuon</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
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from Khok Sung:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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DMR-KS-05-04-04-1, a right tibia in anterior (A), medial (B), proximal (C), and distal (D) views
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
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DMR-KS-05-04-11-34, a right ulna in medial (E) and anterior (F) views
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<normalizedToken originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
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DMR-KS-05-04-28-13, a right femur in proximal (G) and posterior (H) views.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Taxonomic remarks and comparisons.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Tibial morphology is relatively conservative within and among primates. Particularly, the morphological differences of tibiae among cercopithecoids are minimal (
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<bibRefCitation author="Turley, K" journalOrPublisher="The Anatomical Record" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="217 - 230" title="Geometric morphometric analysis of tibial shape and presentation among Catarrhine taxa." url="10.1002/ar.21307" volume="294" year="2011">Turley et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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). The distal part of tibiae of arboreal primates (including
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Hylobates" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hylobates" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hylobates</taxonomicName>
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and all arboreal cercopithecoids) is characterized by more rounded borders of the trochlear surface and a convex proximal border of the medial malleolus joining the trochlear surface (
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<bibRefCitation author="Tallman, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Human Evolution" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="319 - 327" title="The distal tibia of Hispanopithecuslaietanus: More evidence for mosaic evolution in Miocene apes." url="10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.07.009" volume="64" year="2013">Tallman et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
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). The specimen DMR-KS-05-04-04-1 shows typical characters of the recent cercopithecoids whose tibial shaft is less mediolaterally compressed than those of great apes. However, the tibia from Khok Sung represents compatible dimensions with the tibiae of
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Hylobates" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hylobates" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hylobates</taxonomicName>
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(gibbon),
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Presbytis" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Presbytis</taxonomicName>
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(surili), and
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Macaca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macaca" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Macaca</taxonomicName>
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(macaque). We suggest here to make a distinction between these genera based on the ratios of the greatest length of the tibia to the length or width of the proximal tibia (GL/Bp or GL/Dp). Based on these indices, the Khok Sung tibia falls within the range of recent
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Macaca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macaca" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Macaca</taxonomicName>
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(Tab. 2). According to the
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">ratios</pageBreakToken>
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, the shaft of both the surilis and gibbons is more elongated, compared to that of macaques. The distal tibia of DMR-KS-05-04-04-1 also shares some additional characters with that of macaques such as the poorly developed ball-shaped convexity and -articular facet (
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<bibRefCitation author="Sondaar, PY" journalOrPublisher="Hellenic Journal of Geosciences" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="19 - 28" title="The unique postcranial of the Old World monkey Paradolichopithecus: more similar to Australopithecus than to baboons." volume="41" year="2006">Sondaar et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
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) and the shape of the trochlear surface (
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<bibRefCitation author="Tallman, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Human Evolution" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="319 - 327" title="The distal tibia of Hispanopithecuslaietanus: More evidence for mosaic evolution in Miocene apes." url="10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.07.009" volume="64" year="2013">Tallman et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
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: Fig. 5). We therefore attribute this material to
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Macaca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macaca" order="Primates" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Macaca</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Table 2. Ratios of the greatest lengths of tibiae (GL) to the lengths and widths of proximal and distal tibiae (Bp, Dp, Bd, and Dd) of Khok Sung macaques compared to recent Southeast Asian primates.</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<table pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="2">DMR-KS-05-04-04-1</th>
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<th colspan="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Presbytis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Presbytis" order="Primates" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Presbytis</taxonomicName>
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(N = 30)
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</th>
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<th colspan="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Hylobates" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hylobates" order="Primates" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hylobates</taxonomicName>
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(N = 24)
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</th>
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<th colspan="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Macaca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macaca" order="Primates" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Macaca</taxonomicName>
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(N = 71)
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</th>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">Max</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">Min</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">Mean</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">Max</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">Min</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">Mean</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">Max</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">Min</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">Mean</th>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">GL/Bp</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">GL/Dp</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">GL/Bd</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">GL/Dd</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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