122 lines
10 KiB
XML
122 lines
10 KiB
XML
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<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3675277" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4b8bbb36-efbd-4337-8f66-124b5340ea74" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3675277" approvalRequired="2" approvalRequired_for_originalDoi="1" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="18" approvalRequired_for_treatments="1" checkinTime="1582120336317" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Lawson, Douglas A." docDate="1976" docId="A810F277741BD021FAE8F65C930FBB21" docLanguage="en" docName="Lawson1976ABBYY14_2.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Journal of Paleontology 50 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Torosaurus Marsh 1891" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="161" masterDocId="54298A0F7418D025FFA1FFCE9469B246" masterDocTitle="Tyrannosaurus and Torosaurus, Maestrichtian Dinosaurs From Trans-Pecos, Texas" masterLastPageNumber="164" masterPageNumber="158" pageNumber="161" updateTime="1663155671569" updateUser="valdenar">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Tyrannosaurus and Torosaurus, Maestrichtian Dinosaurs From Trans-Pecos, Texas</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lawson, Douglas A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Paleontology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>1976</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>1976-01-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>50</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>158</mods:start>
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<mods:end>164</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3675277</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">4b8bbb36-efbd-4337-8f66-124b5340ea74</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3675277</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3681086" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167612526" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3681086" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A810F277741BD021FAE8F65C930FBB21" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A810F277741BD021FAE8F65C930FBB21" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="3" pageNumber="161">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="161" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1263,1802,2450,2628]" box="[1353,1719,2450,2486]" pageId="3" pageNumber="161">
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<heading box="[1353,1719,2450,2486]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="161" reason="4">Order Ornithischia</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1263,1802,2450,2628]" box="[1354,1718,2497,2533]" pageId="3" pageNumber="161">Suborder Ceratopsia</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1263,1802,2450,2628]" box="[1353,1716,2545,2581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="161">Family Ceratopsidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1264,1802,2592,2628]" pageId="3" pageNumber="161" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1263,1802,2450,2628]" box="[1264,1802,2592,2628]" pageId="3" pageNumber="161">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1891" box="[1380,1586,2592,2628]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Torosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Torosaurus</taxonomicName>
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Marsh, 1891
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="3" pageNumber="161" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1126,1946,2658,2823]" lastBlockId="4.[1128,1949,2242,2407]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="3" pageNumber="161">
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<emphasis box="[1164,1361,2660,2696]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="161">Remarks.—</emphasis>
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There are three shapes to the frills of ceratopsia with fenestrated parietals, 1) triangular, found in
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="161">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Granger & Gregory" authorityYear="1923" box="[1539,1777,2745,2781]" class="Reptilia" family="Protoceratopsidae" genus="Protoceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Protoceratops</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1914" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Chasmosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chasmosaurus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis box="[1348,1595,2787,2823]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="161">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1923" box="[1348,1589,2787,2823]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Pentaceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pentaceratops</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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2) figure-8, found in
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<emphasis box="[304,1077,2244,2280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="162">
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<taxonomicName box="[304,569,2244,2280]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Brachyceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brachyceratops</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[594,811,2244,2280]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Monoclonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Monoclonius</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[837,1077,2244,2280]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Styracosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Styracosaurus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and presumably
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<emphasis box="[567,881,2287,2323]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="162">
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<taxonomicName box="[567,876,2287,2323]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Pachyrhinosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pachyrhinosaurus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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3) broad frill with elliptical or circular fenestrae, found in
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<emphasis box="[310,870,2372,2408]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="162">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1914" box="[310,554,2372,2408]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Anchiceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Anchiceratops</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Parks" authorityYear="1925" box="[584,865,2372,2408]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Arrhinoceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arrhinoceratops</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="162">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1891" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Torosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Torosaurus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Triceratops, except for a few “sports,” lacks fenestrae but is related to the last group. Considering the third group, in dorsal view
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1914" box="[254,498,2543,2579]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Anchiceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[254,498,2543,2579]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="162">Anchiceratops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Parks" authorityYear="1925" box="[605,885,2543,2579]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Arrhinoceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[605,885,2543,2579]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="162">Arrhinoceratops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have rectangular frills with well developed epoccipitals.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1891" box="[256,448,2628,2664]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Torosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[256,448,2628,2664]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="162">Torosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a cardioid frill, has weakly developed epoccipitals, thinner parietals, and reduced vascular sulci. Since
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1891" box="[773,965,2713,2749]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Torosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[773,965,2713,2749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="162">Torosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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arose from an
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Parks" authorityYear="1925" box="[412,704,2755,2791]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Arrhinoceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[412,704,2755,2791]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="162">Arrhinoceratops-</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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like form, a complete fossil record would show a gradation between forms and primitive torosaurs should be intermediate in character. Such a situation seems to exist in the case of
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<emphasis box="[1524,1894,2371,2407]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="162">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gilmore" authorityYear="1946" box="[1524,1889,2371,2407]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Torosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="utahensis">Torosaurus utahensis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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