330 lines
28 KiB
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330 lines
28 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2ef918a8-b165-4acd-9b8d-681a8be3179c" ID-PMC="PMC7732820" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-169-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4C3FED0F8EE9579F9DAF15D7FBD5E167" ID-PubMed="33354138" ModsDocID="1314-2003-169-1" checkinTime="1607107116814" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pellegrini, Marco O. O., Hickman, Ellen J., Guttierrez, Jorge E., Smith, Rhian J. & Hopper, Stephen D." docDate="2020" docId="B17AFF9CC9165DECB781A3908FE8157D" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 169: 1-59" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 169" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996" docTitle="Xiphidium pontederiiflorum Pellegrini & Hickman & Guttiérrez & Smith & Hopper 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="4C3FED0F8EE9579F9DAF15D7FBD5E167" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="4C3FED0F8EE9579F9DAF15D7FBD5E167" masterDocTitle="Revisiting the taxonomy of the Neotropical Haemodoraceae (Commelinales)" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668140162299" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revisiting the taxonomy of the Neotropical Haemodoraceae (Commelinales)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pellegrini, Marco O. O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Botanica, Rua do Matao 277, CEP 05508 - 900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8783-1362</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">marcooctavio.pellegrini@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hickman, Ellen J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Western Australia, Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management and School of Biological Sciences, Albany, Western Australia 6330, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Guttierrez, Jorge E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Jardin Botanico Nacional, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, Rhian J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Green, Richmond, Surrey TW 9 3 AB, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hopper, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Western Australia, Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management and School of Biological Sciences, Albany, Western Australia 6330, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>169</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>59</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-169-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">4C3FED0F8EE9579F9DAF15D7FBD5E167</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="170677879" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B17AFF9CC9165DECB781A3908FE8157D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B17AFF9CC9165DECB781A3908FE8157D" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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5.2.
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<taxonomicName LSID="B17AFF9C-C916-5DEC-B781-A3908FE8157D" authority="M. Pell., Hopper & Rhian J. Sm." authorityName="Pellegrini & Hickman & Guttiérrez & Smith & Hopper" authorityYear="2020" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Xiphidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xiphidium pontederiiflorum" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pontederiiflorum" status="sp. nov.">Xiphidium pontederiiflorum M. Pell., Hopper & Rhian J. Sm.</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Xiphidium pontederiiflorum M. Pell. et al. A-C habit: A vegetative habit B flowering habit with a young inflorescence C viviparous inflorescence with three axillary propagules D inflorescence with open flowers and apricot floral buds E floral buds and flowers at pre-anthesis F, G flower: F white flower with green ovary G pale apricot flower with vinaceous ovary H detail of the androecium and gynoecium, showing the ovary pubescence along the septal ridges I inflorescence with open flowers and mature berries J mature berry. C, E, J by A. R. Jonker, remaining photos by A. Kay." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481952" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Xiphidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xiphidium caeruleum" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caeruleum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xiphidium caeruleum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Aubl. in habit and inflorescence morphology, differing due to its leaves marginally ciliate at apex, apricot to light orange flower buds, larger and zygomorphic flowers, inner lobes obovate with obtuse to round apex, upper tepals connate in the basal third or halfway through with three orange-yellow to orange nectar guides, dark red to vinaceous mature capsules and dark reddish-brown to reddish-black seeds.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Ecuador. Esmeraldas: Lita,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Lita and tributaries, 120 km NW of Ibarra, 14 km of Lita, fl., fr., 7 May 1987, D.C. Daly & P.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Acevedo-Rodríguez">Acevedo-Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
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5142 (US!; isotype: NY!).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Herbs</emphasis>
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ca. 35-185 cm tall, perennial, rhizomatous with a definite base, terrestrial to paludal in boggy areas.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Roots</emphasis>
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thin, fibrous, brown, sand-binding, emerging from the rhizome.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhizomes</emphasis>
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underground, long, trailing, external surface brown to reddish-brown, internal surface reddish-orange to red.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stems</emphasis>
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ascending to erect, fibrous, unbranched; internodes 4.3-7 cm long, green, glabrous to sparsely tomentose, hairs pilate, white.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
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distichously-alternate, equitant, evenly distributed along the stems, sessile, the apical ones gradually smaller than the basal ones; sheaths 0.6-2.2 cm long, light green, glabrous to sparsely tomentose, margin ciliate, hairs pilate, white; blades 18.7-47.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(0.9-1.6-)2.4-5 cm, fibrous, succulent, unifacial, medium green, drying olive-green to brown, linear-elliptic to narrowly elliptic, slightly ensiform to ensiform, glabrous, base sheathing, margins green, glabrous to ciliate at the apex, apex acuminate; midvein inconspicuous, secondary veins 5-8, slightly impressed to impressed, becoming more prominent when dry.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescences</emphasis>
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terminal, solitary, consisting of a pedunculate many-branched thyrse; peduncles (1.5-)2.4-7.8 cm, sparsely tomentose to densely tomentose, hairs pilate, white; basal bract 5-5.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.4-0.5 cm, leaf-like, linear-elliptic, slightly ensiform to ensiform, glabrous or sparsely tomentose at base, hairs pilate, white, base truncate to slightly sheathing, margin ciliate at apex, apex acuminate, secondary veins inconspicuous; cincinnus bract 2.8-4.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.2-4 mm, broadly triangular to narrowly triangular, green, glabrous to sparsely tomentose, hairs pilate, white, base truncate, margin ciliate, apex acuminate; cincinni (9-)12-41 per thyrse, alternate, 3-18-flowered, peduncle 0.3-1.7 cm long, green, sparsely tomentose to densely tomentose, hairs pilate, white; bracteoles 0.8-1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.6-1 mm, broadly triangular to broadly depressed ovate, green, glabrous to sparsely tomentose, hairs pilate, white, base amplexicaulous, non-perfoliate, margin glabrous, apex acute.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowers</emphasis>
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1.9-2.7 cm diam., bisexual, chasmogamous, enantiostylic, campanulate, asymmetric due to the position of the style; floral buds 4.8-6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.2-3 mm, ovoid, apricot to light orange; pedicels (2-)5.1-7.3 mm long, upright and slightly elongate in fruit, green, tomentose to densely tomentose, hairs pilate, white; perianth zygomorphic, lobes free, except for the upper 3 lobes which are connate on the basal third to mid-length, nectar guide orange-yellow to orange on the basal third of the connate lobes, with an apical black mucron, outer lobes 8.5-13.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3.5-4.7 mm, subequal, the upper slightly shorter, narrowly obovate to obovate, external surface apricot to light orange, rarely white, glabrous to sparsely tomentose, hairs pilate, white, internal surface white, glabrous, base cuneate, margins glabrous, apex acute- to obtuse-mucronate, mucron dark brown to black, inner lobes 9.7-13.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4.8-7.3 mm, subequal, the lower slightly narrower and cucullate, obovate to broadly obovate to broadly obtrullate, external surface white to apricot, rarely light orange, glabrous, internal surface white, glabrous, base cuneate, margins glabrous, apex obtuse- to round-mucronate, greenish-yellow to apricot, mucron dark brown to black; stamens 3, lateral stamens with filaments 1.6-1.8 mm long, straight, basally cream to apricot, apically white, glabrous, anthers 1.4-1.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.6-0.9 mm, dorsifixed, introrsely rimose but functionally poricidal, broadly oblongoid to sagittate, yellow, medial stamen with filament 3.7-4.3 mm long, bent upwards, basally cream to apricot, apically white, glabrous, anthers 2-2.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.7-1.1 mm, dorsifixed, introrsely rimose but functionally poricidal, broadly oblongoid to sagittate, yellow; ovary 1.8-2.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.7-2 mm, broadly ellipsoid to globose, 3-loculate, green to red to vinaceous, smooth, densely tomentose between the locules, style 5.6-8.3 mm, bent upwards, basally cream to apricot to light orange, apically white, glabrous, stigma crateriform, white, papillose.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsules</emphasis>
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5.2-7.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5.8-8 mm, subglobose to globose, somewhat fleshy, medium green to dark red when immature, dark red to vinaceous when mature, glabrous, indehiscent.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seeds</emphasis>
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0.78-0.84
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.65-0.67 mm, cuboid to polygonal, each face sunken, testa dark reddish-brown to reddish-black, tuberculate; embryotega dorsal, relatively inconspicuous, without a prominent apicule; hilum punctate.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481952" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 26" startId="F26">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 26.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Xiphidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xiphidium pontederiiflorum" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pontederiiflorum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xiphidium pontederiiflorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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M. Pell. et al.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-C</emphasis>
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habit:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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vegetative habit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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flowering habit with a young inflorescence
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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viviparous inflorescence with three axillary propagules
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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inflorescence with open flowers and apricot floral buds
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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floral buds and flowers at pre-anthesis
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F, G</emphasis>
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flower:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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white flower with green ovary
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
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pale apricot flower with vinaceous ovary
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
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detail of the androecium and gynoecium, showing the ovary pubescence along the septal ridges
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
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inflorescence with open flowers and mature berries
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
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mature berry.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, E, J</emphasis>
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by A.R. Jonker, remaining photos by A. Kay.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="specimens seen">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens seen</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">(paratypes). Colombia. Antioquia</emphasis>
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: Frontino, km 23 of road Nutibara/La Blanquita, region of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Murrí">Murri</normalizedToken>
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, fl., fr., 4 Nov 1988, J.L. Zarucchi et al. 7140 (MO, US).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guarira</emphasis>
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: Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, entre Riohacha y Pueblo Viejo, fr., 7 Feb 1959, H.G. Barclay & P. Juajibioy 6838 (US).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Putamayo</emphasis>
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: road from Sibundoy to Mocoa, fl., fr., 15 Mar 1953, R.E. Schultes & I. Cabrera 18823 (GH, U, US); Intendencia of Putamayo, steep roadside slopes along road from Mocoa towards Sibundoy, fl., fr., 27 Jan 1976, J.L. Luteyn et al. 5062 (F, NY, US).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Valle del Cauca</emphasis>
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: km 100, on Cali/Buena-Ventura highway, fl., fr., 5 Dec 1946, O. Haught 5324 (US).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Vaupés">Vaupes</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: Puerto Hevea, confluence of Macaya and Ajaju rivers, fl., Jul 1943, R.E. Schultes 5654 (GH, US).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecuador. El Oro</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: 11 km West of Pinas, on the new road to Santa Rosa, fl., fr., 8 Oct 1979, C.H. Dodson et al. 9012 (SEL, US); Pichincha: virgin forest along
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
Toachi near Santo Domingo, fr., 3 Aug 1962, C. Jativa & C. Epling 322 (US).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|||
|
|
Panama.
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Colón">Colon</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: Canal Zone, Las Cascadas Plantation, near Summit, fr., 2 Dec 1923, P.C. Standley 25671 (US); hills north of Frijoles Station, fr., 19 Dec 1923, P.C. Standley 27414 (US); Gamboa, fr., 26 Dec 1923, P.C. Standley 28397 (US); near Fort Randolph, fr., 28 Dec 1923, P.C. Standley 28734 (US).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Darien</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: Cerro Pirre, fr., 9-10 Aug 1967, J.A. Duke & T.S. Elias 13747 (GH, US);
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
Chico, from Yaviza at junction with
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
Chucunaque to ca. 1 hour by outboard from junction, fr., 19 Dec 1966, D. Burch et al. 1096 (GH, K, NY, UC, US).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
La Maestra, fr., 4 Dec 1936, P.H. Allen 67 (MO, US).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
Oeste
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: Capira, about 50 km southwest of Panama City, fl., fr., Sep 1932, B. Paul 141 (US).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|||
|
|
The epithet refers to the similarity between our new
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
floral morphology and some species of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Pontederia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pontederia" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pontederia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
s.lat. (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.108.27652" author="Pellegrini, MOO" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="25 - 83" refId="B41" refString="Pellegrini, MOO, Horn, CN, Almeida, RF, 2018. Total evidence phylogeny of Pontederiaceae (Commelinales) sheds light on the necessity of its recircumscription and synopsis of Pontederia L. PhytoKeys 108: 25 - 83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.108.27652" title="Total evidence phylogeny of Pontederiaceae (Commelinales) sheds light on the necessity of its recircumscription and synopsis of Pontederia L." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.108.27652" volume="108" year="2018">Pellegrini et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Xiphidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xiphidium pontederiiflorum" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pontederiiflorum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xiphidium pontederiiflorum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is known to occur in Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Distribution of Xiphidium pontederiiflorum M. Pell. et al. Light Green - Subtropical Coniferous Forests; Red - Deserts, Xeric Shrublands and Tropical Coniferous Forests; Orange - Tropical / Subtropical Grasslands, Savannahs and Shrublands; Maroon - Dry Broadleaf Forests; Green - Moist Broadleaf Forests; Lilac - Montane Grasslands and Shrublands." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481953" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), in the understorey in rainforests, generally near rivers, along streams, and other water bodies.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481953" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 27" startId="F27">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 27.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Distribution of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Xiphidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xiphidium pontederiiflorum" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pontederiiflorum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xiphidium pontederiiflorum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
M.Pell. et al. Light Green - Subtropical Coniferous Forests; Red - Deserts, Xeric Shrublands and Tropical Coniferous Forests; Orange - Tropical/Subtropical Grasslands, Savannahs and Shrublands; Maroon - Dry Broadleaf Forests; Green - Moist Broadleaf Forests; Lilac - Montane Grasslands and Shrublands.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Blooms and fruits from March to August.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="conservation status">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Xiphidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xiphidium pontederiiflorum" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pontederiiflorum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xiphidium pontederiiflorum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
possesses a relatively narrow EOO (849,856 km2) and AOO (ca. 132 km2). Thus, following
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" refId="B21" refString="IUCN, 2001. The IUCN Red List Of Threatened Species, version 2010.4. IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge U.K. http://www.iucnredlist.org/" title="The IUCN Red List Of Threatened Species, version 2010.4. IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge U. K." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" year="2001">
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="IUCN’s">IUCN's</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
(2001)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
recommendations,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. pontederiiflorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pontederiiflorum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. pontederiiflorum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
should be considered as Endangered [EN, A2ac+C2a(i)].
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comments">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comments.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Xiphidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xiphidium pontederiiflorum" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pontederiiflorum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xiphidium pontederiiflorum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is morphologically similar to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. caeruleum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caeruleum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. caeruleum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in overall habit and inflorescence morphology. However,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. pontederiiflorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pontederiiflorum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. pontederiiflorum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
can be differentiated by its leaves marginally ciliate at apex (vs. glabrous in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. caeruleum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caeruleum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. caeruleum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
), apricot to light orange flower buds (vs. white to cream, rarely apricot in Mexican populations), larger and zygomorphic flowers (vs. smaller and actinomorphic flowers), inner lobes obovate with obtuse to round apex (vs. elliptic with acute apex), upper tepals connate in the basal third or halfway through with three orange-yellow to orange nectar guides (vs. only basally connate and lacking nectar guides, rarely with green nectar guides in some Costa Rican populations), capsules dark red to vinaceous when mature (vs. orange to medium red) and dark reddish-brown to reddish-black seeds (vs. black). Added to that,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. pontederiiflorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pontederiiflorum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. pontederiiflorum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is generally a more robust plant, growing erect up to 2 m tall, while
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. caeruleum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caeruleum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. caeruleum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
reaches up to 1 m tall, and its stems tend to lean due to the
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="plant’s">plant's</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
weight, especially when in bloom or fruit.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Xiphidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xiphidium pontederiiflorum" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pontederiiflorum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xiphidium pontederiiflorum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
was first collected in 1923 in Panama by the pioneering Neotropical botanist P.C. Standley (1884-1963) from the United States (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Williams, LO" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge University Press, Cambridge" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B72" refString="Williams, LO, 1963. Homage to Standley. Papers in honor of Paul C. Standley Published by the Chicago Natural History Museum." title="Homage to Standley. Papers in honor of Paul C. Standley Published by the Chicago Natural History Museum." year="1963">Williams 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Reference to it was included under
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. caeruleum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caeruleum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. caeruleum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Standley, PC" journalOrPublisher="The New York Botanical Garden, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B60" refString="Standley, PC, 1928. Flora of the Panama Canal Zone. US Government Printing Office." title="Flora of the Panama Canal Zone. US Government Printing Office." year="1928">
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Standley’s">Standley's</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
(1928)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flora of the Panama Canal Zone</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|