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146 lines
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.424.7853" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8cef6776-788c-4ce7-812d-42469172d7f4" ID-PMC="PMC4106103" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-424-101" ID-PubMed="25061398" ID-ZBK="04459A9484A642D4A44FED5C3B69A0BC" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-424-101" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 424" ModsDocTitle="Serendipity at the Smithsonian: The 107-year journey of Rhipidocyrtus muiri Falin & Engel, new genus and species (Ripidiinae, Ripidiini), from jungle beast to valid taxon" checkinTime="1451245631770" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Falin, Zachary H. & Engel, Michael S." docDate="2014" docId="7A0C72828F9FFC2591431544A3FADA2B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 424: 101-116" docOrigin="ZooKeys 424" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.424.7853" docTitle="Rhipidocyrtus Falin & Engel, gen. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="1B99831B-55CA-4192-A744-B2D1F5A32F62" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="104" masterDocId="FFFE8F03FFC8FFA112118434FFC7611E" masterDocTitle="Serendipity at the Smithsonian: The 107 - year journey of Rhipidocyrtus muiri Falin & Engel, new genus and species (Ripidiinae, Ripidiini), from jungle beast to valid taxon" masterLastPageNumber="116" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="103" updateTime="1668158864633" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Serendipity at the Smithsonian: The 107 - year journey of Rhipidocyrtus muiri Falin & Engel, new genus and species (Ripidiinae, Ripidiini), from jungle beast to valid taxon</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Falin, Zachary H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Engel, Michael S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>424</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>101</mods:start>
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<mods:end>116</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.424.7853</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.424.7853</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-424-101</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">04459A9484A642D4A44FED5C3B69A0BC</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">04459A9484A642D4A44FED5C3B69A0BC</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152054127" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1B99831B-55CA-4192-A744-B2D1F5A32F62" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A0C72828F9FFC2591431544A3FADA2B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Ripiphoridae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/1B99831B-55CA-4192-A744-B2D1F5A32F62" authority="Falin & Engel" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Rhipidocyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhipidocyrtus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhipidocyrtus Falin & Engel</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="103">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Rhipidocyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhipidocyrtus muiri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muiri">Rhipidocyrtus muiri</taxonomicName>
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Falin & Engel, sp. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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Closely agreeing with the generalized form of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" rank="tribe" tribe="Ripidiini">Ripidiini</taxonomicName>
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though larger and appearing more hump-backed than typical.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Rhipidocyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhipidocyrtus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="104" start="start">Rhipidocyrtus</pageBreakToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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possesses the following combination of historically diagnostic characters: unfused, two-segmented maxillary palpi; postocular ommatidia present (Fig. 4); 11 antennomeres, antennomere I simple (Figs 2, 3), antennomere II toroidal, antennomere III more robust, produced medially (Fig. 2), antennomeres
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<normalizedToken originalValue="IV–XI">IV-XI</normalizedToken>
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strongly uniflabellate (Figs 2, 9); mesoscutellum present but weakly developed (Fig. 2), posterior margin very weakly bisinuate with a small medial point (Fig. 5); tarsal formula 5-5-4 (Figs 10-12).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Rhipidocyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhipidocyrtus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhipidocyrtus</taxonomicName>
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differs from all known ripidiines in the form of the metanotum (Figs 5, 6), possessing what appears to be a reduced "metascutellar box" visible at the anterior margin of the metanotum to either side of the midline. This structure is typically either robust (most New World taxa) or absent (most Old World taxa). Likewise,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Rhipidocyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhipidocyrtus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhipidocyrtus</taxonomicName>
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appears unique in that the metascutellum narrows evenly to an anterior point, terminating at the anterior margin of the metanotum as a single medial sulcus (Fig. 5) (but see the following comparative comments).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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Figures 3-4. Photographs of holotype male of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Rhipidocyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhipidocyrtus muiri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muiri">Rhipidocyrtus muiri</taxonomicName>
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Falin & Engel, gen. et sp. n. from Borneo. 3 Facial view 4 Right lateral view of head and prothorax.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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Figures 5-6. Photographs of holotype male of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Rhipidocyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhipidocyrtus muiri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muiri">Rhipidocyrtus muiri</taxonomicName>
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Falin & Engel, gen. et sp. n. from Borneo. 5 Dorsal detail of metathorax. 6 Posterior view of thorax as preserved.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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The new genus-group name is one of several spelling variants first composed and applied to the holotype specimen and slide labels by H.S. Barber. It is a combination of the Greek words rhipido, meaning,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“fanlike”">"fanlike"</normalizedToken>
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, and cyrtus, meaning,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“curved”">"curved"</normalizedToken>
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. Our interpretation is that it is meant to describe the unusually convex or
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“hump-backed”">"hump-backed"</normalizedToken>
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appearance of the type species. The name is masculine.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Rhipidocyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhipidocyrtus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhipidocyrtus</taxonomicName>
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is superficially distinctive within the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rank="tribe" tribe="Ripidiini">Ripidiini</taxonomicName>
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for its particularly hump-backed facies, its relative size (it is the largest ripidiine known), and possessing a pronotum that is strongly dorso-ventrally compressed laterally, resulting in an unusually abrupt lateral margin. However, despite this novel first impression it is in most regards morphologically unremarkable. It shares with most other Old World taxa a well-developed and medially-produced antennomere III as well as the presence of a mesoscutellum (albeit weakly produced), suggesting a strong relationship with that putative lineage [see
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<bibRefCitation author="Batelka, J" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Entomology" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" pagination="275 - 286" title="Two new ripidiine species in Dominican amber with evidence of aggregative behavior of males " frozen " in the fossil record (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae)." url="10.14411/eje.2011.037" volume="108" year="2011">Batelka et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Falin and Engel (in press)</bibRefCitation>
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for discussions of supra-generic character patterns within the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rank="tribe" tribe="Ripidiini">Ripidiini</taxonomicName>
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].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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That said,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Rhipidocyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhipidocyrtus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhipidocyrtus</taxonomicName>
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exhibits what is here tentatively described as a rudimentary "metascutellar box" sensu
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<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Falin and Engel (in press)</bibRefCitation>
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. Apart from the Old World genus described in that paper, this structure is exclusive to New World ripidiines; finding an otherwise typical Old World taxon with a rudimentary
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“box”">"box"</normalizedToken>
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may prove phylogenetically significant. However, the homologous nature of this
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“box”">"box"</normalizedToken>
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remains poorly understood and, in the case of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Rhipidocyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhipidocyrtus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhipidocyrtus</taxonomicName>
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, this structure may simply be an artefact of the relatively more developed flight musculature necessary for such a large individual.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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While likely less phylogenetically significant than the "metascutellar box", the form of the metascutellum is considerably more obvious and also serves to differentiate this taxon from its close relatives. Typically, the metascutellum narrows anteriorly, its margins becoming more or less parallel as they terminate at either the anterior margin of the metanotum or at the metascutellar box, depending on the lineage. In the case of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Rhipidocyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhipidocyrtus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhipidocyrtus</taxonomicName>
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, the lateral margins converge to form a single median sulcus well before the anterior metanotal margin. A similar arrangement is illustrated for the fossil genus
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<taxonomicName genus="Paurorhipidius" lsidName="Paurorhipidius" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rank="genus">Paurorhipidius</taxonomicName>
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Kaupp and Nagel, though the authors state the metanotal structures are obscured in the type specimens (Kaupp et al. 2001) and the exact configuration is indeed uncertain. Likewise, species of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Blattivorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Blattivorus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Blattivorus</taxonomicName>
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Chobaut tend to have anteriorly-narrowed, parallel-sided metascutella, in some cases terminating just before the anterior metanotal margin. However,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Blattivorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Blattivorus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Blattivorus</taxonomicName>
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appears to be a well-defined monophyletic lineage not closely related to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Rhipidocyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhipidocyrtus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhipidocyrtus</taxonomicName>
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; it is unlikely the superficially similar forms of the metascutellur apex are truly homologous.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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