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<document id="48429536E0D027D519C35AD50CFB403A" ID-CLB-Dataset="26025" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4656.2.10" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a813546a-5bf8-490d-8198-82f24ea7cf21" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3368125" ID-ZooBank="DA58A84A-DEE0-4370-B3C6-7B2DD23781AE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1565767800493" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pyrcz, Tomasz W., Gutiérrez, José Cerdeña &amp; Florczyk, Klaudia" docDate="2019" docId="03FCBD57FFE0A45CFF0BBF44FE706473" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4656.2.10.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4656 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Argyrophorus idealis Pyrcz &amp; Gutiérrez &amp; Florczyk 2019, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="377" masterDocId="FFC5C52FFFE1A45EFF9CBB05FFA46278" masterDocTitle="Two remarkable new species of Argyrophorus Blanchard from the Peruvian high Andes (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)" masterLastPageNumber="383" masterPageNumber="375" pageNumber="376" updateTime="1698750895389" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="E63EA460950B635368438CE8606D0577" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="1EB7FD8A168B7CDF4DB711F0D471E943">
<mods:title id="1203D7D7F345D879DB22515786124B41">Two remarkable new species of Argyrophorus Blanchard from the Peruvian high Andes (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="F1E140B4BC2CF0F53DE1D4E7AE514108" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AF261FE3F296F0D84527674FC595F12C">
<mods:roleTerm id="F4FAF60479921329D13E7492F54B070E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0956D9845778117327F95B4AC0C574C5">Pyrcz, Tomasz W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="8BFD1DE5F780A6525F1C89F925975E93" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5632C1D4A62BF624AAB3B7DC72FD39AF">
<mods:roleTerm id="EED63882B6C081D0628644EDBF24DE6D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1FC163299B3721B6FF3BD0FD30448BF5">Gutiérrez, José Cerdeña</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3A6A97B83B40693324C4663346F5A219" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8345620C025BBD5C0D2F2745F6292408">
<mods:roleTerm id="0C69454070185BC64BF54E2D9CB3ECDF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="015822E270F9888EEF646C45E34CDD59">Florczyk, Klaudia</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="0704162869951CFA7AB6490619733027">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="DC6A816CA8EFBA4C10F970CCEAA290A1" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="D965C48CEA25F6C16DDF81642CB185EC">
<mods:title id="428492FBA8E5F4C0F7028640176642BF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="AA0B288F4F48F6BD4557429D6C7EF054">
<mods:date id="BF6FAC70AF12AC4A03BF1BF2F6C3194A">2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="FFEEE99FCB672761E4FA73724DE4EF6D" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="B41E2502B374A2E9C070A17FFC31C5BB">2019-08-14</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="877E40F711AB85EC9A90724EFA773E0B" type="volume">
<mods:number id="D07C8EC01E7B59127AB7F729F583583E">4656</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="5073A669D8BDB65075DEBC01F826C6CE" type="issue">
<mods:number id="CC855DDFC12694E1428FF540E3AEAB2B">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="DDB337C4539960B195DAD385CD3ED81F">375</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="A5C062DCFF23221D467F799B5F8767BA">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="3F6E14493AF748E02CD7DAE4F1999655" type="CLB-Dataset">26025</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="97C11031B8B9AA5E6820017073802CFF" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4656.2.10</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D2BA566A7877A3C7269F1DC5F5EE4931" type="GBIF-Dataset">a813546a-5bf8-490d-8198-82f24ea7cf21</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="108E77C270E76112525EF4B7CB5BFD5E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0AC5A498DA704AF9D40F3E57530F4F9C" type="Zenodo-Dep">3368125</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03FCBD57FFE0A45CFF0BBF44FE706473" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159133474" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FCBD57FFE0A45CFF0BBF44FE706473" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FCBD57FFE0A45CFF0BBF44FE706473" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="377" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">
<subSubSection id="C34F5FCAFFE0A45FFF0BBF44FE726607" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEA0C41FFE0A45FFF0BBF44FD6C6624" blockId="1.[151,712,1089,1151]" box="[151,712,1089,1116]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">
<heading id="D0A2BB2DFFE0A45FFF0BBF44FD6C6624" bold="true" box="[151,712,1089,1116]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE0A45FFF0BBF44FD6C6624" bold="true" box="[151,712,1089,1116]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">
<taxonomicName id="4C5577C2FFE0A45FFF0BBF44FDDD6623" authority="Pyrcz &amp; Cerdena" authorityName="Pyrcz &amp; Gutiérrez &amp; Florczyk" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,633,1089,1116]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argyrophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="idealis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE0A45FFF0BBF44FE326624" bold="true" box="[151,406,1089,1116]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">Argyrophorus idealis</emphasis>
Pyrcz &amp; Cerdeña
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2126D28FFE0A45FFD1ABF47FD6C6624" box="[646,712,1090,1116]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA0C41FFE0A45FFF0BBF60FE726607" blockId="1.[151,712,1089,1151]" box="[151,470,1125,1151]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">
(
<figureCitation id="136E10C4FFE0A45FFF03BF60FF4C6607" box="[159,232,1125,1151]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[151,198,1812,1837]" captionTargetBox="[351,1237,234,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[351,1237,234,1784]" captionText="FIG. 1. Adults: A. Argyrophorus idealis n. sp. male, HOLOTYPE, dorsal; B. Argyrophorus idealis n. sp. male, HOLOTYPE, ventral; C. Argyrophorus idealis n. sp. female, PARATYPE, dorsal; D. Argyrophorus idealis n. sp. female, PARATYPE, ventral; E. Argyrophorus idealis n. sp. female (individual form), PARATYPE, dorsal; F. Argyrophorus idealis n. sp. female (individual form), PARATYPE, ventral; G. Argyrophorus rubrostriata n. sp., male, HOLOTYPE, dorsal; H. Argyrophorus rubrostriata n. sp., male, HOLOTYPE, ventral; I. Argyrophorus rubrostriata n. sp., female, PARATYPE, dorsal; J. Argyrophorus rubrostriata n. sp., female, PARATYPE, ventral" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3387330/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
A–F, 2B, 3B, 4A–D)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F5FCAFFE0A45CFF0BBFABFD4262AF" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="377" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEA0C41FFE0A45FFF0BBFABFC9166B0" blockId="1.[151,1437,1197,2016]" box="[151,821,1197,1224]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">
<materialsCitation id="3B3D061CFFE0A45FFF0BBFABFC9566B0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2332527320" box="[151,817,1197,1224]" country="Peru" location="Tingo Pampa" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ancash" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE0A45FFF0BBFABFE9266B0" bold="true" box="[151,310,1197,1224]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">
<typeStatus id="54EEB2E3FFE0A45FFF0BBFABFF7666B0" box="[151,210,1198,1224]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location id="8E8A5A9AFFE0A45FFEA0BFA8FE7066B0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FCBD57FFE0A45CFF0BBF44FE706473:8E8A5A9AFFE0A45FFEA0BFA8FE7066B0" box="[316,468,1197,1224]" country="Peru" name="Tingo Pampa" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" stateProvince="Ancash">Tingo Pampa</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A581563FFE0A45FFE43BFA8FD2A66BF" box="[479,654,1197,1224]" location="Ocros" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">
<quantity id="4CADA1A4FFE0A45FFE43BFA8FD8266BF" box="[479,550,1197,1223]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
N Ocros
</locationDeviation>
,
<collectingRegion id="4991C2A3FFE0A45FFD04BFA8FD4B66BF" box="[664,751,1197,1223]" country="Peru" name="Ancash" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">Ancash</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3424CD1FFE0A45FFD66BFABFC9566B0" box="[762,817,1198,1224]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">Peru</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA0C41FFE0A45FFF5BBFD7FAD0672F" blockId="1.[151,1437,1197,2016]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE0A45FFF5BBFD7FEDC6694" bold="true" box="[199,376,1233,1260]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">Type material.</emphasis>
Material examined:
<typeStatus id="54EEB2E3FFE0A45FFDF7BFD4FD5B6693" box="[619,767,1233,1259]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D53C7C8FFE0A45FFC95BFD7FC856694" box="[777,801,1234,1260]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="F3424CD1FFE0A45FFCACBFD7FCDE6694" box="[816,890,1234,1260]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">PERU</collectingCountry>
, Depto.
<collectingRegion id="4991C2A3FFE0A45FFC41BFD4FB906693" box="[989,1076,1233,1259]" country="Peru" name="Ancash" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">Ancash</collectingRegion>
,
<quantity id="4CADA1A4FFE0A45FFBDEBFD4FB286693" box="[1090,1164,1233,1259]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
N Ocros, Sector Tingo Pampa,
<quantity id="4CADA1A4FFE0A45FFF6EBFF0FE2B6768" box="[242,399,1269,1296]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" unit="m" value="4050.0" valueMax="4100.0" valueMin="4000.0">4000–4100 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFEB2A81FFE0A45FFE00BFF0FDE26777" box="[412,582,1269,1295]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" value="2019-06-11" valueMax="2019-06-12" valueMin="2019-06-11">
11–12.
<collectionCode id="ED449484FFE0A45FFE78BFF0FDA06777" box="[484,516,1269,1295]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">VI</collectionCode>
<materialsCitation id="3B3D061CFFE0A45FFD99BFF0FDE26777" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2332527322" box="[517,582,1269,1295]" collectionCode="MUSM" collectorName="T. Pyrcz" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" specimenCount="183" specimenCount-female="28" specimenCount-male="155" typeStatus="paratype">.2019</materialsCitation>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26A06997FFE0A45FFDCEBFF3FD176768" box="[594,691,1270,1296]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">T. Pyrcz</collectorName>
, leg., to be deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED449484FFE0A45FFC59BFF0FBBB6777" box="[965,1055,1269,1295]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">MUSM</collectionCode>
:
<typeStatus id="54EEB2E3FFE0A45FFBB5BFF0FB606777" box="[1065,1220,1269,1295]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="9D53C7C8FFE0A45FFB48BFF0FABF6768" box="[1236,1307,1269,1296]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" type="male">155 ♂</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D53C7C8FFE0A45FFACFBFF0FA2F6768" box="[1363,1419,1269,1296]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" type="female">28 ♀</specimenCount>
):
<materialsCitation id="3B3D061CFFE0A45FFF0BBE1FFAD4672F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2332527323" collectingDate="2019-06-28" collectionCode="MUSM, MUSA, PBF, CEP-MZUJ" collectorName="T. Pyrcz &amp; Pyrcz, P &amp; Boyer, J &amp; Cerdena, J &amp; K. Florczyk" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
same data, leg.
<collectorName id="26A06997FFE0A45FFEDEBE1FFE05674C" box="[322,417,1306,1332]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">T. Pyrcz</collectorName>
, P.
<collectorName id="26A06997FFE0A45FFE58BE1FFD87674C" box="[452,547,1306,1332]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">Boyer, J</collectorName>
.
<collectorName id="26A06997FFE0A45FFDB1BE1CFD02674C" box="[557,678,1305,1332]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">Cerdeña, J</collectorName>
. Farfán, prep. genit.
<specimenCount id="9D53C7C8FFE0A45FFC16BE1FFC3B674C" box="[906,927,1306,1332]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
H_13_
<date id="FFEB2A81FFE0A45FFC73BE1CFBD6674B" box="[1007,1138,1305,1331]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" value="2019-06-28">
<collectingDate id="EFAFD369FFE0A45FFC73BE1CFBD6674B" box="[1007,1138,1305,1331]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" value="2019-06-28">28.06.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
/
<collectorName id="26A06997FFE0A45FFBE6BE1CFB5D674B" box="[1146,1273,1305,1331]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">K.Florczyk</collectorName>
, prep. genit.
<specimenCount id="9D53C7C8FFE0A45FFA1BBE1FFA38674C" box="[1415,1436,1306,1332]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
H_14_
<date id="FFEB2A81FFE0A45FFF7EBE38FEC0672F" box="[226,356,1341,1367]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" value="2019-06-28">
<collectingDate id="EFAFD369FFE0A45FFF7EBE38FEC0672F" box="[226,356,1341,1367]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" value="2019-06-28">28.06.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
/
<collectorName id="26A06997FFE0A45FFEF1BE38FE4E672F" box="[365,490,1341,1367]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">K.Florczyk</collectorName>
, prep. mol. 20190768A/B, 20190769A/B; in
<collectionCode id="ED449484FFE0A45FFC7ABE38FB9A672F" box="[998,1086,1341,1367]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">MUSM</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED449484FFE0A45FFBD6BE38FB3A672F" box="[1098,1182,1341,1367]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/42td-7yhx" name="Universidad Nacional de San Agustin, Museo de Historia Natural (Peru)" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">MUSA</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED449484FFE0A45FFB35BE3BFB7D6720" box="[1193,1241,1342,1368]" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0e59-8wpg" name="Perum Bio Farma" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">PBF</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED449484FFE0A45FFB7ABE38FAD4672F" box="[1254,1392,1341,1367]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">CEP-MZUJ</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA0C41FFE0A45FFF5BBE64FE6C6790" blockId="1.[151,1437,1197,2016]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE0A45FFF5BBE64FEE66704" bold="true" box="[199,322,1377,1404]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Most similar, in size and wing shape to
<taxonomicName id="4C5577C2FFE0A45FFC81BE67FC206703" box="[797,900,1377,1404]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argyrophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lamna">
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE0A45FFC81BE67FC206703" box="[797,900,1377,1404]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">A. lamna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5577C2FFE0A45FFC23BE64FB486703" authority="Pyrcz &amp; Gutiérrez &amp; Florczyk, 2019" authorityName="Pyrcz &amp; Gutiérrez &amp; Florczyk" authorityYear="2019" box="[959,1260,1377,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argyrophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrostriata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE0A45FFC23BE64FB486703" box="[959,1260,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">Argyrophorus rubrostriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2126D28FFE0A45FFB6ABE67FA926704" box="[1270,1334,1378,1404]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE0A45FFB6ABE67FA946704" bold="true" box="[1270,1328,1378,1404]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, but immediately recognized by all silver hindwing dorsal surface, in this respect only similar to the Chilean
<taxonomicName id="4C5577C2FFE0A45FFA93BE83FEAE67BB" authority="Blanchard" authorityName="Blanchard" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argyrophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argenteus">
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE0A45FFA93BE83FA8467D8" box="[1295,1312,1414,1440]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE0A45FFAB3BE83FA3867E7" box="[1327,1436,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">argenteus</emphasis>
Blanchard
</taxonomicName>
; on turn, the reddish overcast of the forewing ventral surface, in the latter respect most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C5577C2FFE0A45FFACFBEAFFE26679F" authority="Pyrcz &amp; Gutiérrez &amp; Florczyk, 2019" authorityName="Pyrcz &amp; Gutiérrez &amp; Florczyk" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argyrophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrostriata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE0A45FFACFBEAFFE26679F" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">Argyrophorus rubrostriata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2126D28FFE0A45FFE15BECBFE6C6790" box="[393,456,1486,1512]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE0A45FFE15BECBFE646790" bold="true" box="[393,448,1486,1512]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA0C41FFE0A45CFF5BBEF4FD4262AF" blockId="1.[151,1437,1197,2016]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,153,1547]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="377" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE0A45FFF5BBEF4FEFD6474" bold="true" box="[199,345,1521,1548]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">Description.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED449484FFE0A45FFEC3BEF7FE0A6474" box="[351,430,1522,1548]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">MALE</collectionCode>
(
<figureCitation id="136E10C4FFE0A45FFE21BEF4FDE56474" box="[445,577,1521,1548]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[151,198,1812,1837]" captionTargetBox="[351,1237,234,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[351,1237,234,1784]" captionText="FIG. 1. Adults: A. Argyrophorus idealis n. sp. male, HOLOTYPE, dorsal; B. Argyrophorus idealis n. sp. male, HOLOTYPE, ventral; C. Argyrophorus idealis n. sp. female, PARATYPE, dorsal; D. Argyrophorus idealis n. sp. female, PARATYPE, ventral; E. Argyrophorus idealis n. sp. female (individual form), PARATYPE, dorsal; F. Argyrophorus idealis n. sp. female (individual form), PARATYPE, ventral; G. Argyrophorus rubrostriata n. sp., male, HOLOTYPE, dorsal; H. Argyrophorus rubrostriata n. sp., male, HOLOTYPE, ventral; I. Argyrophorus rubrostriata n. sp., female, PARATYPE, dorsal; J. Argyrophorus rubrostriata n. sp., female, PARATYPE, ventral" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3387330/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">Figs. 1A, B</figureCitation>
): Head: eyes chocolate brown, naked; palpi twice the length of head, dorsally black, laterally light grey, covered with grey and black hair; antennae to half costa, entirely covered with scales, dorsally brown and steely grey, ventrally snow white, club darker, spoon like, composed of 9–10 segments. Thorax: dorsally black, covered with dense, chestnut hair, ventrally blackish grey; legs grey brown. Abdomen: dorsally and laterally chestnut, ventrally light grey covered with dense silver scales. Wings: FW length
<quantity id="4CADA1A4FFE0A45FFB0ABD84FAB764E4" box="[1174,1299,1665,1692]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" unit="mm" value="18.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="17.0">17–19 mm</quantity>
; apex blunt, outer margin slightly concave; HW oval with a smooth outer margin; fringes brown, long. Venation: FW Sc and R arise independently, R1 arises before branching of M1, R2, R3 and R4 arise from the same stem, approximately the same distance from each other, rs-m1 short but noticeable, m1-m2 curved inside discal cell at straight angle, twice as long as m2-m3, m2-m3 straight. HW humeral vein absent, m1-m2 long and bent inside discal cell, M1 arises three times closer to Rs than to M2. FWD: Shiny silver, except for a narrow, dark brown marginal line. HWD: Shiny silver, except for a narrow, dark brown marginal line. FWV: ground colour dark brown with a wide brownish red overcast covering most of the wing surface; a series of four black submarginal oval spots, with&gt;shaped distal and basal borders; a narrow marginal line; costal and apical areas suffused with yellow and silver scales. HWV: ground colour steely grey brown; a series of zigzagging black lines extending from costa to anal margin, postbasal, postme- dian and submarginal; a series of elongated submarginal dots, each in every cell; a thin, black marginal line parallel to outer margin; all the veins marked with light grey.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F5FCAFFE3A45CFF5BBBE4FC596143" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEA0C41FFE3A45CFF5BBBE4FD1663AB" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,1547]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
MALE GENITALIA (
<figureCitation id="136E10C4FFE3A45CFE23BBE4FDBC6283" box="[447,536,225,251]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[151,198,1052,1077]" captionTargetBox="[226,1367,199,996]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[202,1386,181,1027]" captionText="FIG. 2. Male genitalia (in lateral view, aedeagus extracted in lateral and ventral view). A. Argyrophorus rubrostriata n. sp.; B. Argyrophorus idealis n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3387332/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
): Tegumen dorsal surface slightly arched; uncus massive, one and half the length of tegumen, with a prominent dorsal buldge and a sharp tip curved downwards; gnathos stout, half the length of uncus; pedunculus prominent four-fifths the length of gnathos; vinculum slightly arched, same length as from tegumen anterior edge; saccus rather short, same length as pedunculus; valvae elongate, two times the length of tegumen dorsum, with a serrate costa, a prominent basal cavity, a bulbous basal prominence and an acute tip; aedeagus the length of tegumen+uncus, tubular, slender, slightly arched and thicker in median part, anterior entrance half the length of entire aedeagus, no apparent serration.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA0C41FFE3A45CFF5BBAD8FEDE60FF" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,1547]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
FEMALE (
<figureCitation id="136E10C4FFE3A45CFED4BAD8FDB6638F" box="[328,530,477,503]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[151,198,1812,1837]" captionTargetBox="[351,1237,234,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[351,1237,234,1784]" captionText="FIG. 1. Adults: A. Argyrophorus idealis n. sp. male, HOLOTYPE, dorsal; B. Argyrophorus idealis n. sp. male, HOLOTYPE, ventral; C. Argyrophorus idealis n. sp. female, PARATYPE, dorsal; D. Argyrophorus idealis n. sp. female, PARATYPE, ventral; E. Argyrophorus idealis n. sp. female (individual form), PARATYPE, dorsal; F. Argyrophorus idealis n. sp. female (individual form), PARATYPE, ventral; G. Argyrophorus rubrostriata n. sp., male, HOLOTYPE, dorsal; H. Argyrophorus rubrostriata n. sp., male, HOLOTYPE, ventral; I. Argyrophorus rubrostriata n. sp., female, PARATYPE, dorsal; J. Argyrophorus rubrostriata n. sp., female, PARATYPE, ventral" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3387330/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Figs. 1C, D, E, F</figureCitation>
): Sexual dimorphism slight (FW length:
<quantity id="4CADA1A4FFE3A45CFC74BAD8FBC3638F" box="[1000,1127,477,503]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" unit="mm" value="19.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="18.0">18–20 mm</quantity>
), female’s wings upperside are generally duller, without the strong sheen of the males, which is probably due to different reflectance qualities of male and female scales. There is generally some brown scaling on the FW apex, not apparent in the males. Also, females wings a slightly more elongated. One female (
<figureCitation id="136E10C4FFE3A45CFD6AB94CFCCC601B" box="[758,872,585,611]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[151,198,1812,1837]" captionTargetBox="[351,1237,234,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[351,1237,234,1784]" captionText="FIG. 1. Adults: A. Argyrophorus idealis n. sp. male, HOLOTYPE, dorsal; B. Argyrophorus idealis n. sp. male, HOLOTYPE, ventral; C. Argyrophorus idealis n. sp. female, PARATYPE, dorsal; D. Argyrophorus idealis n. sp. female, PARATYPE, ventral; E. Argyrophorus idealis n. sp. female (individual form), PARATYPE, dorsal; F. Argyrophorus idealis n. sp. female (individual form), PARATYPE, ventral; G. Argyrophorus rubrostriata n. sp., male, HOLOTYPE, dorsal; H. Argyrophorus rubrostriata n. sp., male, HOLOTYPE, ventral; I. Argyrophorus rubrostriata n. sp., female, PARATYPE, dorsal; J. Argyrophorus rubrostriata n. sp., female, PARATYPE, ventral" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3387330/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Fig. 1E, F</figureCitation>
) is exceptional as it presents a mostly brown hindwing dorsal surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA0C41FFE3A45CFF5BB994FC596143" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,1547]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
FEMALE GENITALIA (
<figureCitation id="136E10C4FFE3A45CFE42B994FD9260D3" box="[478,566,657,683]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[151,198,1652,1677]" captionTargetBox="[217,1376,1211,1606]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[202,1386,1171,1626]" captionText="FIG. 3. Female genitalia (in lateral view). A. Argyrophorus rubrostriata n. sp.; B. Argyrophorus idealis n. sp" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3387334/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
): Papillae anales flattened in lateral view, extremely pilose, apophyse posterior prominent, wide and terminated in a blunt tip, approximately the length of papillae width; lamellae postvaginalis forming a wide hoop, partly enclosed from above by two wide flaps; ductus bursae wide and short, weakly sclerotized gradually opening into bursa with ductus seminalis emerging from basal part of ductus bursae; corpus bursae oval with two prominent signa approximately two-thirds the length of bursae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F5FCAFFE3A45CFF5BB840FE706473" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEA0C41FFE3A45CFF5BB840FA9561FB" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,1547]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE3A45CFF5BB840FEEA6127" bold="true" box="[199,334,837,863]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Etymology.</emphasis>
The epithet of this species,
<taxonomicName id="4C5577C2FFE3A45CFD10B840FD736127" authorityName="Pyrcz &amp; Gutiérrez &amp; Florczyk" authorityYear="2019" box="[652,727,837,863]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argyrophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="idealis">
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE3A45CFD10B840FD736127" box="[652,727,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">idealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, means « perfect » in Latin, and is an allusion to the beautiful, uniform silver upperside, matched among world butterflies only by
<taxonomicName id="4C5577C2FFE3A45CFC12B86CFB0C61FB" box="[910,1192,873,899]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argryrophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argenteus">
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE3A45CFC12B86CFB0C61FB" box="[910,1192,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Argryrophorus argenteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F3424CD1FFE3A45CFB71B86CFA8961FB" box="[1261,1325,873,899]" name="Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Chile</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA0C41FFE3A45CFF5BB889FEA16693" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,1547]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE3A45CFF5BB889FEEF61DF" bold="true" box="[199,331,908,935]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Bionomics.</emphasis>
Both sexes fly on well exposed slopes covered with abundant grasses belonging to native species of
<taxonomicName id="4C5577C2FFE3A45CFF73B8B4FE3761B3" authorityName="M.Adanson" authorityYear="1763" box="[239,403,945,971]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Calamagrostis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE3A45CFF73B8B4FE3761B3" box="[239,403,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Calamagrostis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, intermixed with secondary
<taxonomicName id="4C5577C2FFE3A45CFD7EB8B7FC9F61B3" box="[738,827,946,971]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE3A45CFD7EB8B7FC9F61B3" box="[738,827,946,971]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Festuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5577C2FFE3A45CFCE4B8B7FC0161B3" box="[888,933,946,971]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE3A45CFCE4B8B7FC0161B3" box="[888,933,946,971]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Poa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with dense cover of bushy
<taxonomicName id="4C5577C2FFE3A45CFB6BB8B7FAF561B3" box="[1271,1361,946,971]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lupinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE3A45CFB6BB8B7FAF561B3" box="[1271,1361,946,971]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Lupinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136E10C4FFE3A45CFAF8B8B4FF7C6197" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[151,198,1895,1920]" captionTargetBox="[304,1287,427,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[294,1294,417,1870]" captionText="FIG. 4. Adults in the field and biotopes. A. A. idealis n. sp., female in resting posture; B. A. idealis n. sp., female egg laying behaviour; C. A. idealis n. sp., lateral basking on the ground; D. A. idealis n. sp., male feeding on Paranephelius sp. (Asteraceae); E. A. idealis n. sp., biotope, type locality; F. A. idealis n. sp., biotope, type locality; G. A. rubrostriata n. sp., female in resting posture; H. A. rubrostriata n. sp., biotope, type locality (photos A, B, H. T. Pyrcz; photos C, D, E, F, G. P. Boyer)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3387336/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Figs. 4E, F</figureCitation>
). It was, therefore, impossible to identify at this stage the host plant because the area where the new species was observed is covered with at least five species of
<taxonomicName id="4C5577C2FFE3A45CFD6EB8FCFCF5666B" box="[754,849,1017,1043]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
. However, contrary to the localities in north-central where other
<taxonomicName id="4C5577C2FFE3A45CFEB9BF18FE64664F" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1852" box="[293,448,1053,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argyrophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE3A45CFEB9BF18FE64664F" box="[293,448,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Argyrophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were observed, the predominant species was not
<taxonomicName id="4C5577C2FFE3A45CFC6CBF18FBC5664F" box="[1008,1121,1053,1079]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ichu">
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE3A45CFC6CBF18FBC5664F" box="[1008,1121,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Stipa ichu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which in fact was not seen anywhere near. It is quite surprising because elsewhere the most frequent high Andean biotopes of
<taxonomicName id="4C5577C2FFE3A45CFB66BF44FA316623" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1852" box="[1274,1429,1089,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argyrophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE3A45CFB66BF44FA316623" box="[1274,1429,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Argyrophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and also of several species of
<taxonomicName id="4C5577C2FFE3A45CFE77BF63FD2F6607" authorityName="Hayward" authorityYear="1953" box="[491,651,1126,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pampasatyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE3A45CFE77BF63FD2F6607" box="[491,651,1126,1151]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Pampasatyrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5577C2FFE3A45CFD5FBF60FC866607" authorityName="Felder" authorityYear="1867" box="[707,802,1125,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Faunula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE3A45CFD5FBF60FC866607" box="[707,802,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Faunula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are dominated by
<taxonomicName id="4C5577C2FFE3A45CFC6ABF60FB946607" box="[1014,1072,1125,1151]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE3A45CFC6ABF60FB946607" box="[1014,1072,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Stipa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Moreover, it was impossible to identify the host plant because females have been observed to present a very unusual oviposition behaviour. They land on sandy places and dig holes in the substrate where they lay eggs one by one, not directly on any host plant (
<figureCitation id="136E10C4FFE3A45CFF3CBFD4FF5C6693" box="[160,248,1233,1259]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[151,198,1895,1920]" captionTargetBox="[304,1287,427,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[294,1294,417,1870]" captionText="FIG. 4. Adults in the field and biotopes. A. A. idealis n. sp., female in resting posture; B. A. idealis n. sp., female egg laying behaviour; C. A. idealis n. sp., lateral basking on the ground; D. A. idealis n. sp., male feeding on Paranephelius sp. (Asteraceae); E. A. idealis n. sp., biotope, type locality; F. A. idealis n. sp., biotope, type locality; G. A. rubrostriata n. sp., female in resting posture; H. A. rubrostriata n. sp., biotope, type locality (photos A, B, H. T. Pyrcz; photos C, D, E, F, G. P. Boyer)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3387336/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA0C41FFE3A45CFF5BBFF0FE706473" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,1547]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
Adults are very active during particularly hot and sunny periods of the day, mostly from 10–12
<collectionCode id="ED449484FFE3A45CFA9EBFF0FA976777" box="[1282,1331,1269,1295]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
. They do not spend long periods on the wing but intermittently present patrolling and perching behaviour. They warm up their bodies by lateral basking on the ground, especially on small rocks and directly on the ground (Fig. 5). They do no display an open wing behaviour. They occasionally visit flowers of various species, mostly
<taxonomicName id="4C5577C2FFE3A45CFB78BE64FAFB6703" box="[1252,1375,1377,1403]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136E10C4FFE3A45CFAF3BE64FF1A67E7" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[151,198,1895,1920]" captionTargetBox="[304,1287,427,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[294,1294,417,1870]" captionText="FIG. 4. Adults in the field and biotopes. A. A. idealis n. sp., female in resting posture; B. A. idealis n. sp., female egg laying behaviour; C. A. idealis n. sp., lateral basking on the ground; D. A. idealis n. sp., male feeding on Paranephelius sp. (Asteraceae); E. A. idealis n. sp., biotope, type locality; F. A. idealis n. sp., biotope, type locality; G. A. rubrostriata n. sp., female in resting posture; H. A. rubrostriata n. sp., biotope, type locality (photos A, B, H. T. Pyrcz; photos C, D, E, F, G. P. Boyer)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3387336/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). They show a very strong predilection for rather dry slopes and avoid open areas devoid of grasses, nor do not, in opposition to some other species of the ground, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C5577C2FFE3A45CFCAEBEACFC0F67BB" baseAuthorityName="Weymer" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[818,939,1449,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argyrophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angusta">
<emphasis id="B921D053FFE3A45CFCAEBEACFC0F67BB" box="[818,939,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">A. angusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, seek humid meadows along water courses. During their flight period this species can be very common in its natural habitat. Several dozens of individuals can be observed within minutes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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