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<document id="4562B96C1F748C3B0B34650DA28DEFD3" ID-CLB-Dataset="54924" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5131.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1daf4875-bf0f-4fb9-b648-459a83357801" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6521113" ID-ZooBank="CF550031-D6A9-48A3-A953-A1BD40C72F5E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1651751834358" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Grischenko, Andrei V., Gordon, Dennis P., Taylor, Paul D., Kuklinski, Piotr, Denisenko, Nina V., Spencer-Jones, Mary E. & Ostrovsky, Andrew N." docDate="2022" docId="038923740B253328FF73ADE11B7AFCCE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5131.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5131 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5131.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Rhamphostomella cristata" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FFB05B0C0B37333DFFE4AF611977FF90" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)" masterLastPageNumber="115" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1699329717204" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5C6D1F749F0867B46E56847F97D54DA4">Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="806E48466DDA09502222105EA07CA6ED">Grischenko, Andrei V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0273DDA1821799430910A94FB704829D">Gordon, Dennis P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B0925D885A9C4A0812E8D761467D9B88">Kuklinski, Piotr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5B96903B1E9310E2D6631843C132891D">Denisenko, Nina V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C4B81D19D62AE8168A07123EA53984F8">Ostrovsky, Andrew N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="11EEC2439C0C833959066828ABFAECB3" type="email">andrei.ostrovsky@univie.ac.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="129AFF649E20DBDD9B4B34C9B1101365">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="038923740B253328FF73ADE11B7AFCCE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6520679" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209285921" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6520679" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B253328FF73ADE11B7AFCCE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038923740B253328FF73ADE11B7AFCCE" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B25332FFF73ADE11BE7FD0B" box="[151,656,640,667]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9F92620B25332FFF73ADE11BE7FD0B" blockId="18.[151,656,640,704]" box="[151,656,640,667]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B25332FFF73ADE11BE7FD0B" ID-CoL="4S3GY" authority="(Hincks, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[151,656,640,667]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cristata">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFF73ADE11BE7FD0B" bold="true" box="[151,656,640,667]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFF73ADE118A2FD0B" bold="true" box="[151,469,640,667]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rhamphostomella cristata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFE00ADE01BFFFD0B" author="Hincks, T." box="[484,648,641,667]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="424 - 433" refId="ref90613" refString="Hincks, T. (1889) The Polyzoa of the St. Lawrence, a study of arctic forms. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 3, 424 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938909460362" type="journal article" year="1889">Hincks, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B25332FFF73ADC418F4FD50" box="[151,387,677,704]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9F92620B25332FFF73ADC418F4FD50" blockId="18.[151,656,640,704]" box="[151,387,677,704]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B25332FFF7BADC4199FFD2F" box="[159,232,677,703]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-41@19.[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Rhamphostomella cristata (Hincks, 1889). ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing primary orifices and suboral avicularia. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing suboral avicularium and lobes of peristome. E. Group of non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (arrows, communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooid with ooecium, suboral and adventitious avicularia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing slightly curved proximal margin and hardly recognisible condyles. K. Lateral view of basal colony surface with numerous protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, K, 500 μm; B, D, E, G, 250 μm; C, F, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521133/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B25332FFF10ADC41852FD2F" box="[244,293,677,703]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1204,1228]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,181,1180]" captionTargetId="figure-20@90.[153,1434,181,1180]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 30. Basal colony surface insome Rhamphostomellaspecies.A. R. scabra, ZIRAS 93/50106 (BeringIsland, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony fragment developed above irregular substrate, showing broken protuberances and pits formed above sponge spicules. B. R. commandorica, ZIRAS 1/50125 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony fragment, showing smooth surface with rare thin protuberances. C. R. cristata, ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony area growing above crustose coralline algae Lithothamnion sp., showing regular series of columnar protuberances with broad bases. D. R. gigantea, ZIRAS 3/50129 (western Kamchatka shelf, Sea of Okhotsk), colony detached from internal side of broken shell of bivalve mollusc Chlamys sp. E. R. pacifica, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean), colony developed above irregular substratum. F. R. curvirostrata, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America), colony margin with developing zooids, supported by long tubular processes. G. R. hincksi, USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Alaska, Beaufort Sea), basal surface with long tubular protuberances. H. R. sibirica, ZIRAS 34/50113 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea), basal surface with long tubular protuberances. I. R. multirostrata, ZIRAS 1/50545 (Urup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk), colony detached from a sponge, showing marginal zooids with regular series of tubular protuberances. Scale bars: 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544589/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">30C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B25332FFED4ADC4180CFD50" box="[304,379,677,704]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1723,1747]" captionTargetBox="[228,1360,181,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-17@91.[228,1360,181,1699]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 31. Type specimens of Rhamphostomella species.A, B. Rhamphostomella scabra (Fabricius, 1824). Neotype, SMNH- Type-9304 (Hammerfest, Norway, North Atlantic Ocean). C, D. Desmacystis sandalia (Robertson, 1900) (junior synonym of Rhamphostomella scabra orientalis Kluge, 1961). Holotype, ZIRAS 1/8801 (Cape Vkhodnoy Reef, Bering Island, Pacific Ocean). E, F. Rhamphostomella sollers (Canu & Bassler, 1929) (junior synonym of Rhamphostomella scabra). Syntype, USNM 8136 (Cape Tsiuka, Sangar Strait, Sea of Japan). G. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz, 1886. Lectotype, NHMW 92531 (Jan Mayen). H, I. Rhamphostomella magnirostris (Canu & Bassler, 1928) (junior synonym of Rhamphostomella costata). Syntype, USNM 7579 (Cedar Keys, western Florida, Gulf of Mexico). J, K. Rhamphostomella cristata (Hincks, 1889). Neotype, NHMUK 1911.10.1.1576A (Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). Scale bars: A, B, J, K, 500 µm; C–I, 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544591/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">31J, K</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B25332FFF73AD851A27FC61" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9F92620B25332FFF73AD851AF2FD6C" blockId="18.[151,1436,740,1010]" box="[151,901,740,764]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB30B54C0B25332FFF73AD851AF2FD6C" box="[151,901,740,764]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B25332FFF73AD851B8FFD6C" author="Hincks, T." box="[151,760,740,764]" page="426" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1889">
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<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B25332FFF73AD851B8FFD6C" ID-CoL="4S3GY" authority="Hincks, 1889, p. 426" authorityName="Hincks" authorityPageNumber="426" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,760,740,764]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="variety" species="costata" variety="cristata">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFF73AD8518EAFD6C" box="[151,413,740,764]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rhamphostomella costata</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFE34AD841B6AFD6C" box="[464,541,741,764]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">cristata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFDC7AD851BDAFD6C" author="Hincks, T." box="[547,685,740,764]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="424 - 433" refId="ref90613" refString="Hincks, T. (1889) The Polyzoa of the St. Lawrence, a study of arctic forms. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 3, 424 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938909460362" type="journal article" year="1889">Hincks, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 426
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 21, fig. 6.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9F92620B25332FFF73AC621DEEFCA9" blockId="18.[151,1436,740,1010]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB30B54C0B25332FFF73AC621DEEFCA9" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B25332FFF73AC621A7FFC8B" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[151,776,771,795]" page="286" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1912">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B25332FFF73AC621A7FFC8B" ID-CoL="4S3GY" authority=": Osburn 1912 b, p. 286" authorityName="Osburn" authorityPageNumber="286" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,776,771,795]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="variety" species="costata" variety="cristata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFF73AC6218EAFC8B" box="[151,413,771,795]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rhamphostomella costata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
var.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFE2BAC651B6BFC8B" box="[463,540,772,795]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">cristata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFDCEAC621BCBFC8B" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[554,700,771,795]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="275 - 289" refId="ref93572" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1912 b) Bryozoa from Labrador, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia, collected by Dr. Owen Bryant. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 43, 275 - 289. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.43 - 1933.275" type="journal article" year="1912">Osburn 1912b</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, p. 286
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; 1932, p. 14;
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B25332FFC75AC621D21FC8B" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[913,1110,771,795]" page="539" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1962">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFC75AC621D7DFC8B" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[913,1034,771,795]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, p. 539
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, fig. 376; 1975, p. 656, fig. 376;
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B25332FFF23AC4018C9FCAA" author="Androsova, E. I." box="[199,446,801,826]" page="202" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1977">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFF23AC401805FCAA" author="Androsova, E. I." box="[199,370,801,826]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="194 - 204" refId="ref86166" refString="Androsova, E. I. (1977) Bryozoa in the biocenoses of the Arctic Ocean (Franz Josef Land). Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas, 14, 194 - 204. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1977">Androsova 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, p. 202
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B25332FFE2DAC401BC7FCAA" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[457,688,801,826]" page="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1988">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFE2DAC401B07FCAA" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[457,624,801,826]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref87248" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1988) Distribution and Ecology of Bryozoa of the Barents Sea and Adjacent Areas of the Arctic Ocean. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, USSR, 207 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1988">Denisenko 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, p. 13
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; 1990, p. 39;
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B25332FFCDEAC431DE2FCA9" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." box="[826,1173,801,826]" page="359" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1989">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFCDEAC431D3EFCAA" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." box="[826,1097,801,826]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, p. 359
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B25332FFF73AC2118A5FCE7" blockId="18.[151,1436,740,1010]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB30B54C0B25332FFF73AC2118A5FCE7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B25332FFF73AC211BA4FCC8" author="Tarasova, N. A." box="[151,723,832,856]" page="25" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1983">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B25332FFF73AC211BA4FCC8" ID-CoL="4S3GY" authority=": Tarasova 1983, p. 25" authorityName="Tarasova" authorityPageNumber="25" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,723,832,856]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="subSpecies" species="costata" subSpecies="cristata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFF73AC211886FCC8" box="[151,497,832,856]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rhamphostomella costata cristata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFE1AAC201BE3FCC8" author="Tarasova, N. A." box="[510,660,832,856]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref95661" refString="Tarasova, N. A. (1983) Fauna of bryozoans of the northeastern Sea of Japan. Unpublished Diploma Thesis, Far East State University, Vladivostok, USSR, 48 pp. [In Russian]" type="book" year="1983">Tarasova 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, p. 25
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, fig. 32;
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B25332FFCC9AC211D71FCC8" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[813,1030,832,856]" page="146" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1994">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFCC9AC211ACEFCC8" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[813,953,832,856]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="144 - 147" refId="ref88494" refString="Gontar, V. I. (1994 a) Distribution and ecology of Bryozoa in the coastal waters of the Chuan Bay of the East Siberian Sea. Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas, 47, 144 - 147. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1994">Gontar 1994a</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, p. 146
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; 2010, p. 153;
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B25332FFB78AC211CEFFCC8" author="Grischenko, A. V." box="[1180,1432,832,856]" page="174" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1997">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFB78AC211C3BFCC8" author="Grischenko, A. V." box="[1180,1356,832,856]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="153 - 192" refId="ref89452" refString="Grischenko, A. V. (1997) Bryozoans (Ctenostomida, Cheilostomida) of the shelf zone of the Commander Islands. In: Rzhavsky, A. V. (Ed.), Benthic Flora and Fauna of the Shelf Zone of the Commander Islands. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 153 - 192. [in Russian with English summary]" type="book chapter" year="1997">Grischenko 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, p. 174
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B25332FFF23AC3E18B8FCE7" author="Gontar, V. I. & Hop, H. & Voronkov, A. Yu." box="[199,463,863,887]" page="195" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="2001">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFF23AC3E18F5FCE7" author="Gontar, V. I. & Hop, H. & Voronkov, A. Yu." box="[199,386,863,887]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="187 - 204" refId="ref88781" refString="Gontar, V. I., Hop, H. & Voronkov, A. Yu. (2001) Diversity and distribution of Bryozoa in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Polish Polar Research, 22, 187 - 204." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
|||
|
|
Gontar
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFEF0AC011837FCE7" box="[276,320,863,887]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. 2001
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, p. 195
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B25332FFF73AC1C1DB2FC06" blockId="18.[151,1436,740,1010]" box="[151,1221,893,918]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB30B54C0B25332FFF73AC1C1DB2FC06" box="[151,1221,893,918]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B25332FFF73AC1C1BDCFC05" ID-CoL="4S3GY" authority=": Grischenko 2002, p. 115" authorityName="Grischenko" authorityPageNumber="115" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,683,893,918]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFF73AC1C18D6FC05" box="[151,417,893,917]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rhamphostomella cristata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: Grischenko 2002, p. 115
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
; 2003b, p. 237;
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B25332FFCAAAC1C1D42FC06" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[846,1077,893,918]" page="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="2011">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFCAAAC1C1A82FC06" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[846,1013,893,918]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref87374" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (2011) Bryozoans of the East Siberian Sea: History of research and current knowledge of diversity. In: Wyse Jackson, P. N. & Spencer Jones, M. E. (Eds.), Annals of Bryozoology 3: Aspects of the History of Research on Bryozoans. International Bryozoology Association, Dublin, pp. 1 - 15." type="book chapter" year="2011">Denisenko 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, p. 14
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; 2013, p. 184.
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B25332FFF73ACFD1A31FC24" blockId="18.[151,1436,740,1010]" box="[151,838,924,948]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB30B54C0B25332FFF73ACFD1A31FC24" box="[151,838,924,948]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B25332FFF73ACFD1BCDFC24" author="Bidenkap, O." box="[151,698,924,948]" page="524" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1900">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B25332FFF73ACFD1BCDFC24" authority="Bidenkap, 1900 a, p. 524" authorityName="Bidenkap" authorityPageNumber="524" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,698,924,948]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="fortissima">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFF73ACFD18CEFC24" box="[151,441,924,948]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rhamphostomella fortissima</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFE24ACFD1B19FC24" author="Bidenkap, O." box="[448,622,924,948]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="503 - 540" refId="ref86383" refString="Bidenkap, O. (1900 a) Die Bryozoen. I Teil: Die Bryozoen von Spitzbergen und Konig-Karls-Land. Fauna Arctica, 1, 503 - 540." type="journal article" year="1900">Bidenkap, 1900a</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, p. 524
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, pl. 19, fig. 8.
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B25332FFF73ACDA1C17FC43" blockId="18.[151,1436,740,1010]" box="[151,1376,955,979]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB30B54C0B25332FFF73ACDA1C17FC43" box="[151,1376,955,979]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B25332FFF73ACDA1BEEFC43" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[151,665,955,979]" page="427" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1952">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B25332FFF73ACDA1BEEFC43" authority=": Osburn 1952, p. 427" authorityName="Osburn" authorityPageNumber="427" authorityYear="1952" box="[151,665,955,979]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="fortissima">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFF73ACDA18CEFC43" box="[151,441,955,979]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rhamphostomella fortissima</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFE23ACDA1B3AFC43" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[455,589,955,979]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="271 - 611" refId="ref93827" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1952) Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of America. Part 2, Cheilostomata - Ascophora. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 14, 271 - 611." type="journal article" year="1952">Osburn 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, p. 427
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, pl. 50, figs 1, 2; 1955, p. 38;
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B25332FFC2DACDA1DE0FC43" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[969,1175,955,979]" page="153" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="2010">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFC2DACDA1D3CFC43" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[969,1099,955,979]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="139 - 155" refId="ref88624" refString="Gontar, V. I. (2010) Benthic fauna of the Bryozoa in Chukchi Sea. Vestnik Ecologii, Lesovedeniya i Landschaftovedeniya, 10, 139 - 155. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="2010">Gontar 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, p. 153
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B25332FFB46ACDA1C2BFC43" author="Foster, N. R." box="[1186,1372,955,979]" page="57" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="2010">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFB46ACDA1C6BFC43" author="Foster, N. R." box="[1186,1308,955,979]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref87948" refString="Foster, N. R. (2010) Evaluating a Potential Relict Arctic Invertebrate and Algal Community on the West Side of Cook Inlet. University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 75 pp." type="book" year="2010">Foster 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, p. 57
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B25332FFF73ACBB1A27FC61" blockId="18.[151,1436,740,1010]" box="[151,848,985,1010]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB30B54C0B25332FFF73ACBB1A27FC61" box="[151,848,985,1010]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B25332FFF73ACBB1BAEFC62" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[151,729,985,1010]" page="78" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1918">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B25332FFF73ACBB1BAEFC62" authority=": Nordgaard 1918, p. 78" authorityName="Nordgaard" authorityPageNumber="78" authorityYear="1918" box="[151,729,985,1010]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Discopora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="variety" species="scabra" variety="fortissima">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFF73ACBB183AFC61" box="[151,333,985,1009]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Discopora scabra</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
var.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFE9BACBB1893FC62" box="[383,484,986,1010]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">fortissima</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B25332FFE16ACB81BEDFC62" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[498,666,985,1010]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref93104" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1918) Bryozoa from the Arctic regions. TromsO Museums Aarshefter, 40, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1918">Nordgaard 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, p. 78
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; 1929, p. 7.
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B25332FFF73AB7B1D2DFAE9" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B25332FFF73AB7B1B91FBC8" blockId="18.[151,1437,1050,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFF73AB7B18F7FBA4" bold="true" box="[151,384,1050,1076]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B25332FFE63AB7A1B91FBC8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405437" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="A. M. Norman Collection & J. Whiteaves." location="Gulf of St Lawrence" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="neotype">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFE63AB7A1894FBA4" box="[391,483,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="549B2CC00B25332FFE63AB7A1894FBA4" box="[391,483,1051,1076]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B25332FFE15AB7A1B2CFBA5" box="[497,603,1051,1077]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
1911.10.1.1576A, one colony fragment,
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B25332FFBC0AB7A1C36FBA4" box="[1060,1345,1050,1077]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A.M. Norman Collection</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<location id="8EFFC4B90B25332FFAAFAB7B1850FBC9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B253328FF73ADE11B7AFCCE:8EFFC4B90B25332FFAAFAB7B1850FBC9" name="Gulf of St Lawrence" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Gulf of St Lawrence</location>
|
|||
|
|
, Atlantic Ocean, collector
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B25332FFDB4AB5E1B91FBC8" box="[592,742,1086,1113]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">J. Whiteaves.</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B25332FFF23AB021D66FA9C" blockId="18.[151,1437,1050,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B25332FFF23AB021846FBED" box="[199,305,1123,1149]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
2013.10.21.7a, one colony encrusting oyster shell,
|
|||
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B25332FFC9DAB021B77FB55" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405314" collectingDate="2011-07-16" collectionCode="RV" collectorName="Pacific Ocean" county="Aleutian Islands" elevation="11" latitude="51.74" location="Norseman" longLatPrecision="108" longitude="-176.505" municipality="Andreanof Islands" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1">
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B25332FFC9DAB021AEAFBED" box="[889,925,1123,1149]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">RV</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFC41AB021D6FFBEC" box="[933,1048,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
|||
|
|
<location id="8EFFC4B90B25332FFC41AB021D6FFBEC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B253328FF73ADE11B7AFCCE:8EFFC4B90B25332FFC41AB021D6FFBEC" box="[933,1048,1123,1148]" county="Aleutian Islands" latitude="51.74" longLatPrecision="108" longitude="-176.505" municipality="Andreanof Islands" name="Norseman" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Norseman</location>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<location id="8EFFC4B90B25332FFBC3AB031D3BFBEC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B253328FF73ADE11B7AFCCE:8EFFC4B90B25332FFBC3AB031D3BFBEC" box="[1063,1100,1122,1148]" county="Aleutian Islands" latitude="51.74" longLatPrecision="108" longitude="-176.505" municipality="Andreanof Islands" name="Stn" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Stn</location>
|
|||
|
|
AST–2,
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FF9EB4A20B25332FFB56AB031C30FBEC" box="[1202,1351,1122,1148]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2011-07-16">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B25332FFB56AB031C30FBEC" box="[1202,1351,1122,1148]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2011-07-16">16 July 2011</collectingDate>
|
|||
|
|
</date>
|
|||
|
|
, reef in middle of
|
|||
|
|
<location id="8EFFC4B90B25332FFEEAABE6180BFB31" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B253328FF73ADE11B7AFCCE:8EFFC4B90B25332FFEEAABE6180BFB31" box="[270,380,1159,1185]" county="Aleutian Islands" latitude="51.74" longLatPrecision="108" longitude="-176.505" municipality="Andreanof Islands" name="Boot Bay" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Boot Bay</location>
|
|||
|
|
, coastal waters of
|
|||
|
|
<location id="8EFFC4B90B25332FFDB4ABE71BAAFB30" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B253328FF73ADE11B7AFCCE:8EFFC4B90B25332FFDB4ABE71BAAFB30" box="[592,733,1158,1184]" county="Aleutian Islands" latitude="51.74" longLatPrecision="108" longitude="-176.505" municipality="Andreanof Islands" name="Adak Island" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Adak Island</location>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B25332FFD0DABE71ACCFB30" box="[745,955,1158,1184]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Andreanof Islands</collectingMunicipality>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B25332FFC23ABE71DF5FB30" box="[967,1154,1158,1184]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Aleutian Islands</collectingCounty>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B25332FFB74ABE71C47FB30" box="[1168,1328,1158,1184]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pacific Ocean</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B25332FFADAABE919D9FB55" degrees="51" direction="north" minutes="44.4" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="92" value="51.74">51°44.4ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B25332FFF5EABCD183EFB55" box="[186,329,1195,1223]" degrees="176" direction="west" minutes="30.3" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="92" value="-176.505">176°30.3ʹ W</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
, depth
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CD83F870B25332FFE7EABCB1B77FB55" box="[410,512,1194,1221]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">
|
|||
|
|
<elevation id="000D75510B25332FFE7EABCB1B77FB55" box="[410,512,1194,1221]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 m</elevation>
|
|||
|
|
</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B25332FFDE8ABCB1B1BFB54" box="[524,620,1194,1220]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">SCUBA</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
, collector
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B25332FFD06ABCA1A04FB54" box="[738,883,1194,1221]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. Kuklinski.</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B25332FFC9EABCB1C42FB54" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405301" box="[890,1333,1194,1221]" collectionCode="ZIRAS" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="ZIRAS 2" specimenCount="1">
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B25332FFC9EABCB1A97FB55" box="[890,992,1194,1221]" collectionCode="ZIRAS" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">ZIRAS 2</specimenCode>
|
|||
|
|
/50110, two colony fragments
|
|||
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B25332FFAA4ABCA1BF0FA9D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405469" collectingDate="1992-07-28" collectionCode="KIENM" collectorName="Pacific Ocean" county="Commander Islands" elevation="30" latitude="54.598335" location="Collection" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="167.86833" municipality="Medny Island" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1">
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B25332FFAA4ABCA1CEBFB55" box="[1344,1436,1195,1221]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">KIENM</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
<location id="8EFFC4B90B25332FFF73ABAF1878FB78" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B253328FF73ADE11B7AFCCE:8EFFC4B90B25332FFF73ABAF1878FB78" box="[151,271,1230,1256]" county="Commander Islands" latitude="54.598335" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="167.86833" municipality="Medny Island" name="Collection" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Collection</location>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<location id="8EFFC4B90B25332FFEF8ABAF1836FB78" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B253328FF73ADE11B7AFCCE:8EFFC4B90B25332FFEF8ABAF1836FB78" box="[284,321,1230,1256]" county="Commander Islands" latitude="54.598335" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="167.86833" municipality="Medny Island" name="Stn" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Stn</location>
|
|||
|
|
142,
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FF9EB4A20B25332FFE60ABAF1B6CFB78" box="[388,539,1230,1256]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1992-07-28">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B25332FFE60ABAF1B6CFB78" box="[388,539,1230,1256]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1992-07-28">28 July 1992</collectingDate>
|
|||
|
|
</date>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<location id="8EFFC4B90B25332FFDCCABAF1BAEFB78" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B253328FF73ADE11B7AFCCE:8EFFC4B90B25332FFDCCABAF1BAEFB78" box="[552,729,1230,1256]" county="Commander Islands" latitude="54.598335" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="167.86833" municipality="Medny Island" name="Cape Lebyazhy" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Cape Lebyazhy</location>
|
|||
|
|
, coastal waters of
|
|||
|
|
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B25332FFC4BABAF1D38FB78" box="[943,1103,1230,1256]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Medny Island</collectingMunicipality>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B25332FFBB8ABAF1C36FB78" box="[1116,1345,1230,1256]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Commander Islands</collectingCounty>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B25332FFAAAABAF1996FA9C" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pacific Ocean</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B25332FFF09AB95181EFA9D" box="[237,361,1267,1295]" degrees="54" direction="north" minutes="35.9" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="92" value="54.598335">54°35.9ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B25332FFE90AB95188CFA9D" box="[372,507,1267,1295]" degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="52.1" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="92" value="167.86833">167°52.1ʹ E</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
, depth
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CD83F870B25332FFDA8AB931BF0FA9D" box="[588,647,1266,1293]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="30.0">
|
|||
|
|
<elevation id="000D75510B25332FFDA8AB931BF0FA9D" box="[588,647,1266,1293]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</elevation>
|
|||
|
|
</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B25332FFD77AB931B84FA9C" box="[659,755,1266,1292]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">SCUBA</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
, collector
|
|||
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B25332FFC82AB921D7AFA9C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405319" box="[870,1037,1266,1293]" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Oshurkov" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1">
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B25332FFC82AB921A0DFA9D" box="[870,890,1267,1293]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B25332FFC9AAB921AE5FA9D" box="[894,914,1267,1293]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B25332FFC79AB931D7AFA9C" box="[925,1037,1266,1292]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Oshurkov</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B25332FFF23AA771D2DFAE9" blockId="18.[151,1437,1050,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFF23AA7718CDFAA0" bold="true" box="[199,442,1302,1328]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Additional material.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D2659EB0B25332FFE26AA771B2AFAA0" box="[450,605,1302,1328]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="generic">64 specimens</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
. IMB Collection (1972) Stns 6/16, 34/104; (1973) Stns 110/290, 110/292, 158/393, 233/591;
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B25332FFE8AAA5A18BDFAC5" box="[366,458,1339,1365]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">KIENM</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
Collection (1991) Stns 215, 221; (1992) Stns 4, 20, 28, 34, 38, 39, 99, 125, 128, 137, 142, 145, 146; KamchatNIRO Collection (2013) Stn 189 (see Appendix 1 for details).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B253329FF23AAE31BCFF999" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B25332FFF23AAE31DF0F998" blockId="18.[151,1437,1050,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFF23AAE31809FA0C" bold="true" box="[199,382,1410,1436]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
ZIRAS 2/50110, Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B25332FFB7CAAE31C69FA0C" box="[1176,1310,1410,1436]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-41@19.[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Rhamphostomella cristata (Hincks, 1889). ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing primary orifices and suboral avicularia. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing suboral avicularium and lobes of peristome. E. Group of non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (arrows, communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooid with ooecium, suboral and adventitious avicularia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing slightly curved proximal margin and hardly recognisible condyles. K. Lateral view of basal colony surface with numerous protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, K, 500 μm; B, D, E, G, 250 μm; C, F, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521133/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 4A–M</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B25332FFACFAAE31C29FA0C" box="[1323,1374,1410,1436]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1204,1228]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,181,1180]" captionTargetId="figure-20@90.[153,1434,181,1180]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 30. Basal colony surface insome Rhamphostomellaspecies.A. R. scabra, ZIRAS 93/50106 (BeringIsland, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony fragment developed above irregular substrate, showing broken protuberances and pits formed above sponge spicules. B. R. commandorica, ZIRAS 1/50125 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony fragment, showing smooth surface with rare thin protuberances. C. R. cristata, ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony area growing above crustose coralline algae Lithothamnion sp., showing regular series of columnar protuberances with broad bases. D. R. gigantea, ZIRAS 3/50129 (western Kamchatka shelf, Sea of Okhotsk), colony detached from internal side of broken shell of bivalve mollusc Chlamys sp. E. R. pacifica, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean), colony developed above irregular substratum. F. R. curvirostrata, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America), colony margin with developing zooids, supported by long tubular processes. G. R. hincksi, USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Alaska, Beaufort Sea), basal surface with long tubular protuberances. H. R. sibirica, ZIRAS 34/50113 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea), basal surface with long tubular protuberances. I. R. multirostrata, ZIRAS 1/50545 (Urup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk), colony detached from a sponge, showing marginal zooids with regular series of tubular protuberances. Scale bars: 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544589/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">30C</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). ZL, 0.79–1.33 (1.01 ± 0.14). ZW, 0.47–0.65 (0.56 ± 0.04). ZD, 0.57–0.70 (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFC52AAC61AB3FA50" box="[950,964,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">n</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
= 2). OrL, 0.25–0.33 (0.29 ± 0.02). OrW, 0.27–0.38 (0.31 ± 0.02). OeL, 0.30–0.40 (0.35 ± 0.03). OeW, 0.39–0.55 (0.48 ± 0.03). Av(s)L, 0.15–0.31 (0.24 ± 0.04). Av(ad)L, 0.17–0.33 (0.26 ± 0.04). P(m)N, 14–23 (18). P(oe)N, 11–32 (20) (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFBCBAA8E1D4AF998" box="[1071,1085,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">n</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
= 10).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B25332FFF23A9721A66F908" blockId="18.[151,1437,1050,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
|||
|
|
NHMUK 2013.10.21.7a, Adak Island, Aleutian Islands, Pacific Ocean. ZL, 0.56–1.04 (0.83 ± 0.12). ZW, 0.32– 0.53 (0.43 ± 0.05). ZD, 0.49–0.58 (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFDDCA9561B31F9C0" box="[568,582,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">n</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
= 2). OrL, 0.19–0.27 (0.23 ± 0.01). OrW, 0.21–0.28 (0.24 ± 0.02). OeL, 0.28–0.36 (0.34 ± 0.02) (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFE55A93A18C8F9E4" box="[433,447,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">n</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
= 10). OeW, 0.38–0.47 (0.43 ± 0.02) (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFC94A93A1A09F9E4" box="[880,894,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">n</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
= 10). Av(s)L, 0.13–0.31 (0.21 ± 0.05) (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFAA0A93A1C25F9E4" box="[1348,1362,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">n</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
= 23). P(m)N, 6–16 (12) (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFE8BA91E180AF908" box="[367,381,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">n</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
= 10). P(oe)N, 17–25 (20) (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFD5DA91E1BB0F908" box="[697,711,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">n</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
= 10).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B25332FFF23A9C31D3AF8B8" blockId="18.[151,1437,1050,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B25332FFF23A9C3182EF92C" bold="true" box="[199,345,1698,1724]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Description.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Colonies encrusting, multiserial, unilaminar (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B25332FFC81A9C31AB5F92C" box="[869,962,1698,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-41@19.[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Rhamphostomella cristata (Hincks, 1889). ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing primary orifices and suboral avicularia. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing suboral avicularium and lobes of peristome. E. Group of non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (arrows, communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooid with ooecium, suboral and adventitious avicularia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing slightly curved proximal margin and hardly recognisible condyles. K. Lateral view of basal colony surface with numerous protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, K, 500 μm; B, D, E, G, 250 μm; C, F, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521133/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), more or less circular, attaining up to
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CD83F870B25332FFA64A9C319B4F971" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="51.0">51 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
in any one direction; bright red when alive, orange to light pink when dry. Zooids large, oval, hexagonal or pyriform, widest in distal half, arranged in regular rows with checkerboard pattern, demarcated by fine sutures between lateral and transverse walls, visible predominantly in young parts of colony.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B25332EFF23A8531A42FF45" blockId="18.[151,1437,1050,2013]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
|||
|
|
Frontal shield umbonuloid (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B25332FFE1BA8531BFAF8DD" box="[511,653,1842,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-41@19.[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Rhamphostomella cristata (Hincks, 1889). ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing primary orifices and suboral avicularia. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing suboral avicularium and lobes of peristome. E. Group of non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (arrows, communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooid with ooecium, suboral and adventitious avicularia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing slightly curved proximal margin and hardly recognisible condyles. K. Lateral view of basal colony surface with numerous protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, K, 500 μm; B, D, E, G, 250 μm; C, F, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521133/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 4A, E, I</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), thickened, convex, finely granulated, with numerous, comparatively small round to elongated areolae along zooidal margins, separated by long, narrow, prominent interareolar ridges, arranged centripetally and continuing to apex of suboral avicularium, giving very characteristic striated pattern to frontal shield (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B25332FFEDBA8FF18CBF829" box="[319,444,1950,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-41@19.[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Rhamphostomella cristata (Hincks, 1889). ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing primary orifices and suboral avicularia. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing suboral avicularium and lobes of peristome. E. Group of non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (arrows, communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooid with ooecium, suboral and adventitious avicularia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing slightly curved proximal margin and hardly recognisible condyles. K. Lateral view of basal colony surface with numerous protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, K, 500 μm; B, D, E, G, 250 μm; C, F, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521133/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 4D, E</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). With age, size and number of areolae reduced as frontal-shield calcification thickens. Umbonuloid component extensive, occupying about 60% of length of frontal shield (63% in one measured zooid), with fine parallel lineation and accretionary banding (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B24332EFCECAFF61A09FF21" box="[776,894,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-41@19.[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Rhamphostomella cristata (Hincks, 1889). ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing primary orifices and suboral avicularia. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing suboral avicularium and lobes of peristome. E. Group of non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (arrows, communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooid with ooecium, suboral and adventitious avicularia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing slightly curved proximal margin and hardly recognisible condyles. K. Lateral view of basal colony surface with numerous protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, K, 500 μm; B, D, E, G, 250 μm; C, F, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521133/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 4I, L</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Ring scar discrete (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B24332EFB93AFF61DA6FF21" box="[1143,1233,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-41@19.[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Rhamphostomella cristata (Hincks, 1889). ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing primary orifices and suboral avicularia. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing suboral avicularium and lobes of peristome. E. Group of non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (arrows, communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooid with ooecium, suboral and adventitious avicularia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing slightly curved proximal margin and hardly recognisible condyles. K. Lateral view of basal colony surface with numerous protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, K, 500 μm; B, D, E, G, 250 μm; C, F, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521133/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 4L</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), forming regular boundary between exterior and interior wall microstructure.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="DF5FC2EA0B24332EFF73A9FB18B0F867" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521133" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6521133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521133/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[151,250,1690,1714]" targetBox="[218,1370,237,1667]" targetPageId="19">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B24332EFF73A9FB18B0F867" blockId="19.[151,1437,1690,2039]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B24332EFF73A9FB1865F922" bold="true" box="[151,274,1690,1714]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B24332EFEF3A9FB1BB6F923" authority="(Hincks, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[279,705,1690,1715]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B24332EFEF3A9FB1B56F922" box="[279,545,1690,1714]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Rhamphostomella cristata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B24332EFDCAA9FB1BCEF923" author="Hincks, T." box="[558,697,1690,1715]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="424 - 433" refId="ref90613" refString="Hincks, T. (1889) The Polyzoa of the St. Lawrence, a study of arctic forms. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 3, 424 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938909460362" type="journal article" year="1889">Hincks, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing primary orifices and suboral avicularia. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing suboral avicularium and lobes of peristome. E. Group of non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (arrows, communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooid with ooecium, suboral and adventitious avicularia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing slightly curved proximal margin and hardly recognisible condyles. K. Lateral view of basal colony surface with numerous protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, K, 500 μm; B, D, E, G, 250 μm; C, F, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B233329FF23AFF618B2FED1" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
|||
|
|
Primary orifice (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B233329FE64AFF61B67FF21" box="[384,528,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-41@19.[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Rhamphostomella cristata (Hincks, 1889). ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing primary orifices and suboral avicularia. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing suboral avicularium and lobes of peristome. E. Group of non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (arrows, communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooid with ooecium, suboral and adventitious avicularia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing slightly curved proximal margin and hardly recognisible condyles. K. Lateral view of basal colony surface with numerous protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, K, 500 μm; B, D, E, G, 250 μm; C, F, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521133/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4A, B, J</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) roundly quadrangular or bell-shaped; distal and lateral margins formed by upper terminal part of distal transverse wall sometimes forming narrow shelf (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B233329FC29AFDA1D5DFF45" box="[973,1066,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-41@19.[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Rhamphostomella cristata (Hincks, 1889). ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing primary orifices and suboral avicularia. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing suboral avicularium and lobes of peristome. E. Group of non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (arrows, communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooid with ooecium, suboral and adventitious avicularia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing slightly curved proximal margin and hardly recognisible condyles. K. Lateral view of basal colony surface with numerous protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, K, 500 μm; B, D, E, G, 250 μm; C, F, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521133/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Distal margin of orifice round, proximal margin with broad, low median prominence and broadly rounded proximolateral corners. Condyles absent. Oral spines absent in majority of zooids, but two ephemeral oral spines occasionally evident at distal margin of orifice on marginal zooids.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B233329FF23AE2A1A6EFE65" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
|||
|
|
Secondary orifice (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B233329FE44AE2A1B6EFEF5" box="[416,537,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-41@19.[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Rhamphostomella cristata (Hincks, 1889). ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing primary orifices and suboral avicularia. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing suboral avicularium and lobes of peristome. E. Group of non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (arrows, communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooid with ooecium, suboral and adventitious avicularia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing slightly curved proximal margin and hardly recognisible condyles. K. Lateral view of basal colony surface with numerous protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, K, 500 μm; B, D, E, G, 250 μm; C, F, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521133/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4E–G</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) round to semicircular and trapezoidal, cormidial, formed proximally by distal part of frontal shield incorporating avicularian cystid medially and having two tall, symmetrical, triangular lappets laterally. Secondary orifice distally and distolaterally restricted by elevated vertical walls of distal and lateral zooids. In ovicellate zooids, lateral lappets connecting to proximolateral corners of ooecium (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B233329FB45AED61C63FE41" box="[1185,1300,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-41@19.[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Rhamphostomella cristata (Hincks, 1889). ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing primary orifices and suboral avicularia. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing suboral avicularium and lobes of peristome. E. Group of non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (arrows, communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooid with ooecium, suboral and adventitious avicularia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing slightly curved proximal margin and hardly recognisible condyles. K. Lateral view of basal colony surface with numerous protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, K, 500 μm; B, D, E, G, 250 μm; C, F, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521133/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4F, G</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), conferring incomplete tubular peristomial form to secondary orifice.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B233329FF23AE9E1D16FD5D" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
|||
|
|
Сystid of suboral avicularium large, broad, conical, strongly elevated, occupying most of frontal shield, with finely granulated surface and 4–7 communication pores (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B233329FCC3AD421ABDFDAD" box="[807,970,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-41@19.[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Rhamphostomella cristata (Hincks, 1889). ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing primary orifices and suboral avicularia. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing suboral avicularium and lobes of peristome. E. Group of non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (arrows, communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooid with ooecium, suboral and adventitious avicularia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing slightly curved proximal margin and hardly recognisible condyles. K. Lateral view of basal colony surface with numerous protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, K, 500 μm; B, D, E, G, 250 μm; C, F, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521133/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4A, D, E</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Frontal surface of avicularium (rostral/ postmandibular areas) situated on left or right side of avicularian cystid, often out of zooidal midline, facing distolaterally. Rostrum elongate-triangular, pointed or sometimes blunt, directed proximomedially upwards, with short terminal hook. Palate elongate-triangular with pointed end. Palatal foramen triangular with rounded distal end, surrounded by very narrow cryptocystal shelf, opesia semicircular. Crossbar complete.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B233329FF23ADB61D62FC59" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
|||
|
|
Adventitious avicularia developing in older parts of colony, occupying proximal half of frontal shield proximal to suboral avicularium. Avicularian cystid strongly elevated vertically, with finely granulated surface (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B233329FAF3AD9A1CE7FC85" box="[1303,1424,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-41@19.[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Rhamphostomella cristata (Hincks, 1889). ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing primary orifices and suboral avicularia. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing suboral avicularium and lobes of peristome. E. Group of non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (arrows, communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooid with ooecium, suboral and adventitious avicularia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing slightly curved proximal margin and hardly recognisible condyles. K. Lateral view of basal colony surface with numerous protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, K, 500 μm; B, D, E, G, 250 μm; C, F, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521133/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4F–H</figureCitation>
|
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|
|
). Avicularian frontal surface facing obliquely frontodistally to distolaterally. Rostrum elongate-triangular, pointed, directed obliquely frontalwards, with a short terminal hook. Palatal foramen elongate-triangular or oval-triangular with narrow cryptocystal shelf distally, opesia rounded or elliptical, surrounded by narrow cryptocyst. Crossbar complete. In older parts of colony, adventitious avicularia and thick secondary calcification covering most of frontal shield, strongly changing appearance of zooids (compare
|
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<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B233329FCF9ACCE1A18FC59" box="[797,879,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-41@19.[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Rhamphostomella cristata (Hincks, 1889). ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing primary orifices and suboral avicularia. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing suboral avicularium and lobes of peristome. E. Group of non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (arrows, communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooid with ooecium, suboral and adventitious avicularia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing slightly curved proximal margin and hardly recognisible condyles. K. Lateral view of basal colony surface with numerous protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, K, 500 μm; B, D, E, G, 250 μm; C, F, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521133/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
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with
|
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|
|
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B233329FC4BACCE1D7EFC59" box="[943,1033,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-41@19.[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Rhamphostomella cristata (Hincks, 1889). ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing primary orifices and suboral avicularia. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing suboral avicularium and lobes of peristome. E. Group of non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (arrows, communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooid with ooecium, suboral and adventitious avicularia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing slightly curved proximal margin and hardly recognisible condyles. K. Lateral view of basal colony surface with numerous protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, K, 500 μm; B, D, E, G, 250 μm; C, F, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521133/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
|
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|
).
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8B9F92620B233329FF23ACB21C32FB55" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
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|
|
Ovicells hyperstomial. Ooecium formed by distal autozooid around slit-like concavity with communication pore at bottom, situated in proximalmost part of frontal shield just immediate to distal margin of maternal primary orifice (
|
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|
|
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B233329FF44AB7A198FFBA5" box="[160,248,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-41@19.[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Rhamphostomella cristata (Hincks, 1889). ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing primary orifices and suboral avicularia. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing suboral avicularium and lobes of peristome. E. Group of non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (arrows, communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooid with ooecium, suboral and adventitious avicularia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing slightly curved proximal margin and hardly recognisible condyles. K. Lateral view of basal colony surface with numerous protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, K, 500 μm; B, D, E, G, 250 μm; C, F, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521133/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
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|
). Ooecium broader than long (
|
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|
|
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B233329FDABAB7A1BB0FBA5" box="[591,711,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-41@19.[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Rhamphostomella cristata (Hincks, 1889). ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing primary orifices and suboral avicularia. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing suboral avicularium and lobes of peristome. E. Group of non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (arrows, communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooid with ooecium, suboral and adventitious avicularia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing slightly curved proximal margin and hardly recognisible condyles. K. Lateral view of basal colony surface with numerous protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, K, 500 μm; B, D, E, G, 250 μm; C, F, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521133/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4F–H</figureCitation>
|
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|
|
), with straight or slightly concave proximal margin. Ectooecium smooth, with round, oval or slit-like pseudopores having radial arrangement. In most cases, ooecia not overgrown by secondary calcification, even in older zooids, or peripheral part surrounded by narrow rim (
|
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|
|
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B233329FB61AB021DA9FBED" box="[1157,1246,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-41@19.[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Rhamphostomella cristata (Hincks, 1889). ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing primary orifices and suboral avicularia. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing suboral avicularium and lobes of peristome. E. Group of non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (arrows, communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooid with ooecium, suboral and adventitious avicularia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing slightly curved proximal margin and hardly recognisible condyles. K. Lateral view of basal colony surface with numerous protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, K, 500 μm; B, D, E, G, 250 μm; C, F, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521133/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
|
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|
). In older zooids, ovicells becoming less prominent relative to colony surface because of thickening of frontal shields in surrounding zooids and development of adventitious avicularia; ooecia mostly free of secondary calcification, however.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
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|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B233329FF23ABAE1DFBFAC5" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
|||
|
|
Zooids interconnected by two mural pore chambers in each distolateral wall (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B233329FB8CABAE1DBCFB79" box="[1128,1227,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-41@19.[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Rhamphostomella cristata (Hincks, 1889). ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing primary orifices and suboral avicularia. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing suboral avicularium and lobes of peristome. E. Group of non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (arrows, communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooid with ooecium, suboral and adventitious avicularia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing slightly curved proximal margin and hardly recognisible condyles. K. Lateral view of basal colony surface with numerous protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, K, 500 μm; B, D, E, G, 250 μm; C, F, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521133/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4M</figureCitation>
|
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) and usually two multiporous septula in basal half of transverse walls (corresponding to two recesses sometimes with medial buttress between them on distal side,
|
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|
|
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B233329FE05AA761B4BFAA1" box="[481,572,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-41@19.[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Rhamphostomella cristata (Hincks, 1889). ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing primary orifices and suboral avicularia. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing suboral avicularium and lobes of peristome. E. Group of non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (arrows, communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooid with ooecium, suboral and adventitious avicularia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing slightly curved proximal margin and hardly recognisible condyles. K. Lateral view of basal colony surface with numerous protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, K, 500 μm; B, D, E, G, 250 μm; C, F, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521133/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
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|
|
). Some such septula were complex, consisting of three to several small pore groups. Up to three “overlapping” septula of various sizes formed wide horizontal “band”.
|
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|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B233329FF23AA3E1BA6FA75" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
|||
|
|
Basal surface of zooids (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B233329FE33AA3E1B43FAE9" box="[471,564,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-41@19.[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Rhamphostomella cristata (Hincks, 1889). ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing primary orifices and suboral avicularia. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing suboral avicularium and lobes of peristome. E. Group of non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (arrows, communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooid with ooecium, suboral and adventitious avicularia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing slightly curved proximal margin and hardly recognisible condyles. K. Lateral view of basal colony surface with numerous protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, K, 500 μm; B, D, E, G, 250 μm; C, F, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521133/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 4K</figureCitation>
|
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,
|
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|
|
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B233329FDDAAA3E1B18FAE9" box="[574,623,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1204,1228]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,181,1180]" captionTargetId="figure-20@90.[153,1434,181,1180]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 30. Basal colony surface insome Rhamphostomellaspecies.A. R. scabra, ZIRAS 93/50106 (BeringIsland, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony fragment developed above irregular substrate, showing broken protuberances and pits formed above sponge spicules. B. R. commandorica, ZIRAS 1/50125 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony fragment, showing smooth surface with rare thin protuberances. C. R. cristata, ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony area growing above crustose coralline algae Lithothamnion sp., showing regular series of columnar protuberances with broad bases. D. R. gigantea, ZIRAS 3/50129 (western Kamchatka shelf, Sea of Okhotsk), colony detached from internal side of broken shell of bivalve mollusc Chlamys sp. E. R. pacifica, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean), colony developed above irregular substratum. F. R. curvirostrata, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America), colony margin with developing zooids, supported by long tubular processes. G. R. hincksi, USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Alaska, Beaufort Sea), basal surface with long tubular protuberances. H. R. sibirica, ZIRAS 34/50113 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea), basal surface with long tubular protuberances. I. R. multirostrata, ZIRAS 1/50545 (Urup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk), colony detached from a sponge, showing marginal zooids with regular series of tubular protuberances. Scale bars: 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544589/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">30C</figureCitation>
|
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|
|
) fully calcified, convex, smooth, with numerous columnar protuberances (
|
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|
|
<quantity id="4CD83F870B233329FF7BAAE31833FA0D" box="[159,324,1410,1437]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="5.8999999999999995" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="0.365" valueMax="0.59" valueMin="0.14">0.14–0.59 mm</quantity>
|
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|
|
in diameter), flattened and broadened terminally. Boundaries between zooids clearly recognizable basally by deep, meandering incisions. Abundant white spots (presumably less-calcified areas) visible in semitransparent basal wall under light microscope.
|
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|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B233329FF23AA8E1BCFF999" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,696,1519,1545]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ancestrula and early astogeny not observed.</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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|
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<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B233328FF23A9721B32FF45" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B233329FF23A97218ACF909" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B233329FF23A972184CF9BD" bold="true" box="[199,315,1555,1581]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
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|
|
According to
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B233329FE3FA9721B1CF9BD" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[475,619,1555,1581]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge (1962</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
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,
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B233329FD92A9731BC6F9BD" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[630,689,1554,1581]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
|
), zooids of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B233329FCD0A9721ADEF9BC" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[820,937,1555,1581]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B233329FCD0A9721A32F9BC" box="[820,837,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B233329FCB7A9721ADEF9BC" box="[851,937,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">cristata</emphasis>
|
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|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
have a small oblique process or prominence on the proximal margin of the primary orifice, and our study confirms this (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B233329FC1AA9561D27F9C1" box="[1022,1104,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-41@19.[218,1370,237,1667]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Rhamphostomella cristata (Hincks, 1889). ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Distal view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing primary orifices and suboral avicularia. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of non-ovicellate zooids, showing suboral avicularium and lobes of peristome. E. Group of non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony (arrows, communication pores of future ooecia). F. Ovicellate zooid with ooecium, suboral and adventitious avicularia. G. Group of ovicellate zooids in older part of colony. H. Distal view of ovicellate zooids, showing suboral and adventitious avicularia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of orifice, showing slightly curved proximal margin and hardly recognisible condyles. K. Lateral view of basal colony surface with numerous protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, K, 500 μm; B, D, E, G, 250 μm; C, F, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521133/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
|
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|
|
). Some colonies have zooids with a broad, very low process along the proximal margin, in contrast to the central, clearly prominent and discrete process typical of
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B233329FE80A91E18A3F908" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[356,468,1663,1689]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="costata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B233329FE80A91E1802F908" box="[356,373,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B233329FE67A91E18A3F908" box="[387,468,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">costata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B233329FF23A9C21D39F8B9" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B233329FF23A9C2182FF92D" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[199,344,1699,1725]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge (1962</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B233329FE81A9C318E9F92D" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[357,414,1698,1725]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) mentioned a couple of ephemeral oral spines on the distal rim of the orifice in zooids at the colony margin. While most colonies we examined have a few marginal zooids with two oral spines, one colony (NHMUK 2013.10.21.7a) from the shallow waters of Adak Island, Aleutians, has a rather broad zone of marginal zooids, up to three generations deep, all of which have two or three short oral spines.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B233329FF23A8521D2FF829" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
|||
|
|
Some authors have considered
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B233329FDCAA8521BD2F8DC" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[558,677,1843,1869]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B233329FDCAA8521B48F8DC" box="[558,575,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B233329FDABA8521BD2F8DC" box="[591,677,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">cristata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
to be a subspecies or variety of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B233329FBC6A8521DE2F8DC" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[1058,1173,1843,1869]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="costata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B233329FBC6A8521D44F8DC" box="[1058,1075,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B233329FBA0A8521DE2F8DC" box="[1092,1173,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">costata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B233329FB42A8521C4CF8DD" author="Hincks, T." box="[1190,1339,1843,1869]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="424 - 433" refId="ref90613" refString="Hincks, T. (1889) The Polyzoa of the St. Lawrence, a study of arctic forms. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 3, 424 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938909460362" type="journal article" year="1889">Hincks 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B233329FAAEA8521997F8E1" author="Osburn, R. C." pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="275 - 289" refId="ref93572" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1912 b) Bryozoa from Labrador, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia, collected by Dr. Owen Bryant. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 43, 275 - 289. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.43 - 1933.275" type="journal article" year="1912">Osburn 1912b</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B233329FF0BA836185DF8E1" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[239,298,1879,1905]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="363 - 376" refId="ref93686" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1932) Biological and oceanographic conditions in Hudson Bay, 6. Bryozoa of Hudson Bay and Strait. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, 7, 363 - 376. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 32 - 029" type="journal article" year="1932">1932</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B233329FEDEA83618B2F8E1" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[314,453,1879,1905]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B233329FE30A8371B78F8E1" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[468,527,1878,1905]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B233329FDFAA8361BA8F8E1" author="Androsova, E. I." box="[542,735,1879,1905]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="194 - 204" refId="ref86166" refString="Androsova, E. I. (1977) Bryozoa in the biocenoses of the Arctic Ocean (Franz Josef Land). Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas, 14, 194 - 204. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1977">Androsova 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B233329FD0BA8361ADBF8E1" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[751,940,1879,1905]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref87248" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1988) Distribution and Ecology of Bryozoa of the Barents Sea and Adjacent Areas of the Arctic Ocean. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, USSR, 207 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1988">Denisenko 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B233329FC58A8361A80F8E1" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[956,1015,1879,1905]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref87292" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1990) Distribution and ecology of Bryozoa of the Barents Sea. Kolsky Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Appatity, USSR, 156 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B233329FBE3A8361C49F8E1" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." box="[1031,1342,1879,1905]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B233329FAAAA83619A8F805" author="Gontar, V. I." pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="144 - 147" refId="ref88494" refString="Gontar, V. I. (1994 a) Distribution and ecology of Bryozoa in the coastal waters of the Chuan Bay of the East Siberian Sea. Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas, 47, 144 - 147. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1994">Gontar 1994a</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B233329FF0EA81A18DAF805" author="Grischenko, A. V." box="[234,429,1915,1941]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="153 - 192" refId="ref89452" refString="Grischenko, A. V. (1997) Bryozoans (Ctenostomida, Cheilostomida) of the shelf zone of the Commander Islands. In: Rzhavsky, A. V. (Ed.), Benthic Flora and Fauna of the Shelf Zone of the Commander Islands. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 153 - 192. [in Russian with English summary]" type="book chapter" year="1997">Grischenko 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). However, based on the set of characters described above (see Remarks for
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B233329FB1AA81A1C19F804" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[1278,1390,1915,1941]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="costata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B233329FB1AA81A1C78F804" box="[1278,1295,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B233329FAF9A81A1C19F804" box="[1309,1390,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">costata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B233329FA60A81A199AF828" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B233329FA60A81A1CE2F804" box="[1412,1429,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B233329FF73A8FE199AF828" box="[151,237,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">cristata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
clearly differs from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B233329FE30A8FE1B33F828" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[468,580,1951,1977]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="costata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B233329FE30A8FE1892F828" box="[468,485,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B233329FE17A8FE1B33F828" box="[499,580,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">costata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and we thus consider it to be a distinct species.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B233328FF23A8A21B32FF45" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,151,862]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
|||
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B233328FF23A8A21B36FF45" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405327" collectorName="J. Whiteaves" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" location="Gulf of St Lawrence" municipality="North Atlantic" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="neotype">
|
|||
|
|
Because we could not locate Hincks’s material, we have selected a
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="549B2CC00B233329FC49A8A21D71F84D" box="[941,1030,1987,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
for this species based on a specimen collected by
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B223328FEC1AFF618C4FF21" box="[293,435,151,177]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">J. Whiteaves</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
– similarly to
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FDB1AFF61B81FF21" author="Hincks, T." box="[597,758,151,177]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="424 - 433" refId="ref90613" refString="Hincks, T. (1889) The Polyzoa of the St. Lawrence, a study of arctic forms. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 3, 424 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938909460362" type="journal article" year="1889">Hincks (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
– in the
|
|||
|
|
<location id="8EFFC4B90B223328FCB2AFF61D4AFF21" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B253328FF73ADE11B7AFCCE:8EFFC4B90B223328FCB2AFF61D4AFF21" box="[854,1085,151,177]" municipality="North Atlantic" name="Gulf of St Lawrence" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Gulf of St Lawrence</location>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B223328FBACAFF61D9BFF21" box="[1096,1260,151,177]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">North Atlantic</collectingMunicipality>
|
|||
|
|
, and residing in the Natural History Museum, London
|
|||
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B223328FF23AFBE1D2EFE19" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="biology_ecology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B223328FF23AFBE1D2EFE19" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,862]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B223328FF23AFBE185BFF69" bold="true" box="[199,300,223,249]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B223328FED5AFBE1B20FF68" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[305,599,223,249]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B223328FED5AFBE1B20FF68" box="[305,599,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Rhamphostomella cristata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
has been recorded over a depth range of
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CD83F870B223328FBFDAFBE1DFCFF69" box="[1049,1163,223,249]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.035" metricValueMax="1.97" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="103.5" valueMax="197.0" valueMin="10.0">10–197 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, mainly on hard bottoms and rock faces (including crevices), boulders, blocks and gravel, and sometimes on silty bottoms overlain with pebbles. In addition to rocky surfaces, colonies encrust serpulid tubes, hydroids, other bryozoans (e.g.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B223328FB18AE461864FEF4" baseAuthorityName="Bean in Johnston" baseAuthorityYear="1847" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bugulidae" genus="Dendrobeania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="murrayana">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B223328FB18AE461864FEF4" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dendrobeania murrayana</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) and shells of bivalve molluscs. Some colonies were a component of the cryptic community inhabiting internal cavities formed by the crustose coralline alga
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B223328FD12AE0E1D25FE18" authorityName="Lebednik" authorityYear="1977" box="[758,1106,367,393]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Hapalidiaceae" genus="Clathromorphum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Corallinales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="nereostratum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B223328FD12AE0E1D25FE18" box="[758,1106,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Clathromorphum nereostratum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B223328FF23AEF31B7AFCCE" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B223328FF23AEF31B7AFCCE" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,862]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B223328FF23AEF31816FE3C" bold="true" box="[199,353,402,428]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B223328FE8DAEF218A8FE3C" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[361,479,403,429]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B223328FE8DAEF2180DFE3C" box="[361,378,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">R</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B223328FE6DAEF218A8FE3C" box="[393,479,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">cristata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is a high-boreal-Arctic, sublittoral species (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FC36AEF21D2CFE3D" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[978,1115,403,429]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FB8CAEF31DD4FE3D" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[1128,1187,402,429]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FB54AEF219A4FE41" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Arctic records include the Barents Sea (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FD4DAED61A10FE41" author="Bidenkap, O." box="[681,871,439,465]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="503 - 540" refId="ref86383" refString="Bidenkap, O. (1900 a) Die Bryozoen. I Teil: Die Bryozoen von Spitzbergen und Konig-Karls-Land. Fauna Arctica, 1, 503 - 540." type="journal article" year="1900">Bidenkap 1900a</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FC97AED61A8DFE41" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[883,1018,439,465]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FBE3AED71D35FE41" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[1031,1090,438,465]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FBAAAED61C7EFE41" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[1102,1289,439,465]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref87248" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1988) Distribution and Ecology of Bryozoa of the Barents Sea and Adjacent Areas of the Arctic Ocean. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, USSR, 207 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1988">Denisenko 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FAF1AED61C26FE41" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[1301,1361,439,465]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref87292" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1990) Distribution and ecology of Bryozoa of the Barents Sea. Kolsky Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Appatity, USSR, 156 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
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), Kara Sea (
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|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FF2BAEBA1888FE65" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." box="[207,511,475,501]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
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; Denisenko 2021), East-Siberian Sea (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FC56AEBA1D19FE65" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[946,1134,475,501]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref93180" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1929) Bryozoa. The Norwegian Northern Polar Expedition with the " Maud " 1918 - 1925. Scientific Results, 5, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1929">Nordgaard 1929</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FB9FAEBA1C6FFE65" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[1147,1304,475,501]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="144 - 147" refId="ref88494" refString="Gontar, V. I. (1994 a) Distribution and ecology of Bryozoa in the coastal waters of the Chuan Bay of the East Siberian Sea. Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas, 47, 144 - 147. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1994">Gontar 1994a</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FAC0AEBA19A5FD89" author="Denisenko, N. V." pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref87374" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (2011) Bryozoans of the East Siberian Sea: History of research and current knowledge of diversity. In: Wyse Jackson, P. N. & Spencer Jones, M. E. (Eds.), Annals of Bryozoology 3: Aspects of the History of Research on Bryozoans. International Bryozoology Association, Dublin, pp. 1 - 15." type="book chapter" year="2011">Denisenko 2011</bibRefCitation>
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), Chukchi Sea (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FE69AE9E1B54FD89" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[397,547,511,537]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="139 - 155" refId="ref88624" refString="Gontar, V. I. (2010) Benthic fauna of the Bryozoa in Chukchi Sea. Vestnik Ecologii, Lesovedeniya i Landschaftovedeniya, 10, 139 - 155. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="2010">Gontar 2010</bibRefCitation>
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), Point Barrow, Alaska, Beaufort Sea (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FC0CAE9E1DF5FD89" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[1000,1154,510,537]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="271 - 611" refId="ref93827" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1952) Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of America. Part 2, Cheilostomata - Ascophora. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 14, 271 - 611." type="journal article" year="1952">Osburn 1952</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FB75AE9F1DBBFD89" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[1169,1228,510,537]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="29 - 38" refId="ref93901" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1955) The circumpolar distribution of Arctic-Alaskan Bryozoa. In: Essays in the Natural Sciences in Honor of Captain Allan Hancock. Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, pp. 29 - 38." type="book chapter" year="1955">1955</bibRefCitation>
|
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), Canadian Arctic Archipelago (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FED5AD421899FDAD" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[305,494,547,573]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref93180" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1929) Bryozoa. The Norwegian Northern Polar Expedition with the " Maud " 1918 - 1925. Scientific Results, 5, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1929">Nordgaard 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
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), Hudson Bay (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FD7AAD421A41FDAD" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[670,822,547,573]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="363 - 376" refId="ref93686" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1932) Biological and oceanographic conditions in Hudson Bay, 6. Bryozoa of Hudson Bay and Strait. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, 7, 363 - 376. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 32 - 029" type="journal article" year="1932">Osburn 1932</bibRefCitation>
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), Labrador (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FC24AD421D10FDAE" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[960,1127,547,574]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="275 - 289" refId="ref93572" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1912 b) Bryozoa from Labrador, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia, collected by Dr. Owen Bryant. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 43, 275 - 289. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.43 - 1933.275" type="journal article" year="1912">Osburn 1912b</bibRefCitation>
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), eastern
|
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<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B223328FB36AD421C30FDAD" box="[1234,1351,547,573]" name="Greenland" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FAB2AD4219A5FDF1" author="Kluge, G. A." pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FF04AD27186CFDF1" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[224,283,582,609]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
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|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FECDAD261B16FDF1" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Blicher, M. E." box="[297,609,583,609]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="73" refId="ref87545" refString="Denisenko, N. V. & Blicher, M. E. (2021) Bryozoan diversity, biogeographic patterns and distribution in Greenland waters. Marine Biodiversity, 51, 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 021 - 01213 - 9" type="journal article" year="2021">Denisenko & Blicher 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
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),
|
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|
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<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B223328FD93AD261B9BFDF1" box="[631,748,583,609]" name="Greenland" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
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|
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Sea (
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FCCAAD261D14FDF1" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." box="[814,1123,583,609]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
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), Spitsbergen (
|
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|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FAEAAD261CEFFDF1" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[1294,1432,583,609]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
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,
|
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|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FF73AD0B19A5FD15" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[151,210,618,645]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
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;
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FF39AD0A18DDFD15" author="Gontar, V. I. & Hop, H. & Voronkov, A. Yu." box="[221,426,619,645]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="187 - 204" refId="ref88781" refString="Gontar, V. I., Hop, H. & Voronkov, A. Yu. (2001) Diversity and distribution of Bryozoa in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Polish Polar Research, 22, 187 - 204." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
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|
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Gontar
|
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|
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B223328FED5AD0A1816FD15" box="[305,353,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
|
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|
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. 2001
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
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), Franz-Josef Land (
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FD68AD0A1A64FD15" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[652,787,619,645]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
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,
|
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|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FCF9AD0B1A2FFD15" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[797,856,618,645]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
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;
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FC87AD0A1D6EFD15" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[867,1049,619,645]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref87292" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1990) Distribution and ecology of Bryozoa of the Barents Sea. Kolsky Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Appatity, USSR, 156 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1990">Denisenko 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
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) and northern
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B223328FB5FAD0A1C62FD15" box="[1211,1301,619,645]" name="Norway" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
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|
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(
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FAC7AD0A19A4FD39" author="Nordgaard, O." pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref93104" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1918) Bryozoa from the Arctic regions. TromsO Museums Aarshefter, 40, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1918">Nordgaard 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
|
). In the northwest Atlantic it has been reported from St Lawrence Gulf and Newfoundland (
|
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|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FAE5ADEE1CE0FD39" author="Hincks, T." box="[1281,1431,655,681]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="424 - 433" refId="ref90613" refString="Hincks, T. (1889) The Polyzoa of the St. Lawrence, a study of arctic forms. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 3, 424 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938909460362" type="journal article" year="1889">Hincks 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
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;
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FF73ADD21825FD5D" author="Whiteaves, J." box="[151,338,691,717]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref96322" refString="Whiteaves, J. (1901) Catalogue of the Marine Invertebrates of Eastern Canada. Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, 271 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.4095 / 216086" type="book" year="1901">Whiteaves 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
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;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FE85ADD21BE0FD5D" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." box="[353,663,691,717]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). In the northwestern Pacific
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B223328FC0BADD21D10FD5C" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1007,1127,691,717]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B223328FC0BADD21D77FD5C" box="[1007,1024,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">R</emphasis>
|
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|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9544E700B223328FBF5ADD21D10FD5C" box="[1041,1127,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">cristata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is known from the Bering Sea near the Commander Islands (
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FDFAADB61B92FD61" author="Grischenko, A. V." box="[542,741,727,753]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="153 - 192" refId="ref89452" refString="Grischenko, A. V. (1997) Bryozoans (Ctenostomida, Cheilostomida) of the shelf zone of the Commander Islands. In: Rzhavsky, A. V. (Ed.), Benthic Flora and Fauna of the Shelf Zone of the Commander Islands. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 153 - 192. [in Russian with English summary]" type="book chapter" year="1997">Grischenko 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
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, 2002, 2003b), from the western Kamchatka shelf of the Sea of Okhotsk (our data) and along northern Primorye, Sea of
|
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|
|
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B223328FCDEAD9A1A0DFC85" box="[826,890,763,789]" name="Japan" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
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|
|
(
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FC6DAD9A1D43FC85" author="Tarasova, N. A." box="[905,1076,763,789]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref95661" refString="Tarasova, N. A. (1983) Fauna of bryozoans of the northeastern Sea of Japan. Unpublished Diploma Thesis, Far East State University, Vladivostok, USSR, 48 pp. [In Russian]" type="book" year="1983">Tarasova 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Northeastern Pacific localities include Cook Inlet, Gulf of Alaska (
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B223328FDC0AC7E1BDBFCA9" author="Foster, N. R." box="[548,684,799,825]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref87948" refString="Foster, N. R. (2010) Evaluating a Potential Relict Arctic Invertebrate and Algal Community on the West Side of Cook Inlet. University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 75 pp." type="book" year="2010">Foster 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
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) and the coastal waters of Adak Island, Andreanof Islands, Aleutian Islands, Pacific Ocean (our data).
|
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|
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</paragraph>
|
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|
|
</subSubSection>
|
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|
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</treatment>
|
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</document>
|