treatments-xml/data/03/C8/F6/03C8F63BFFDCFFDAFF7FCEDEFF719D81.xml

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<mods:title id="967908660B800B3CAFD046E93626F71A">Redescription of Thalassodes antithetica Herbulot, 1962, an endemic moth from Inner Seychelles (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Geometrinae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BDE472DFFDCFFDBFF7FCEDEFDD49CD4" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,300]" box="[151,630,152,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<heading id="D096F041FFDCFFDBFF7FCEDEFDD49CD4" bold="true" box="[151,630,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C613CAEFFDCFFDBFF7FCEDEFDD49CD4" ID-CoL="55ZJH" authority="Herbulot, 1962" authorityName="Herbulot" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,630,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thalassodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antithetica">
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFF7FCEDEFDD49CD4" bold="true" box="[151,630,152,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFF7FCEDEFE119CD4" bold="true" box="[151,435,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Thalassodes antithetica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03ADCFFDCFFDBFE52CEDEFDD49CD4" author="Herbulot" box="[442,630,152,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" refString="Herbulot, C. (1962) Nouveaux Geometridae des Seychelles. Lambillionea, 62 (3 - 6), 31 - 33." type="journal article" year="1962">Herbulot, 1962</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="135A5BA8FFDCFFDBFF76CEFCFEA89CB7" box="[158,266,186,209]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 14" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1809,1831]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,322,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,322,1794]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 14. Thalassodes antithetica Herbulot, 1962. Fig. 1. Holotype, male, Beau Vallon, Mahé, upperside (all photos of the type series: J. Minet); Fig. 2. Holotype, underside; Fig. 3. Holotype, label; Fig. 4. Paratype, female, Misere, Mahé, upperside; Fig. 5. Paratype, underside; Fig. 6. Paratype, label; Fig. 7. Female, specimen no. INEP-g 710, Au Cap, Mahé, upperside (photo: V. Spitsyn); Fig. 8. Male, Anse Boudin, Praslin, upperside (photo: M. Bippus); Fig. 9. Live male, La Digue (photo: P. Mazzei); Fig. 10. Male genitalia (ventral view), specimen no. SEY- 048, Anse Boudin, Praslin (photo: M. Bippus); Fig. 11. Male phallus (lateral view), specimen no. SEY- 048, Anse Boudin, Praslin (photo: M. Bippus); Fig. 12. Eighth sternite of the male abdomen, same specimen (photo: M. Bippus); Fig. 13. Eighth tergite of the male abdomen, same specimen (photo: M. Bippus); Fig. 14. Female genitalia (ventral view), specimen no. INEP-g 709, Anse Possession, Praslin (photo: V. Spitsyn)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267665/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Figs 1–14</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="8BDE472DFFDCFFDBFF7FCE9BFD9E9C94" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,300]" box="[151,572,221,242]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB716003FFDCFFDBFF7FCE9BFD9E9C94" box="[151,572,221,242]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<taxonomicName id="4C613CAEFFDCFFDBFF7FCE9BFD9A9C94" ID-CoL="55ZJH" authority="Herbulot, 1962: 31" authorityName="Herbulot" authorityPageNumber="31" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,568,221,242]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thalassodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antithetica">
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFF7FCE9BFED89C94" box="[151,378,221,242]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Thalassodes antithetica</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0613CFFDCFFDBFE68CE9BFD9A9C94" author="Herbulot" box="[384,568,221,242]" page="31" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" year="1962">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03ADCFFDCFFDBFE68CE9BFDB79C94" author="Herbulot" box="[384,533,221,242]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" refString="Herbulot, C. (1962) Nouveaux Geometridae des Seychelles. Lambillionea, 62 (3 - 6), 31 - 33." type="journal article" year="1962">Herbulot, 1962</bibRefCitation>
: 31
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.
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<paragraph id="8BDE472DFFDCFFDBFF7FCEBCFDAE9D4A" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,300]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB716003FFDCFFDBFF7FCEBCFDAE9D4A" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<taxonomicName id="4C613CAEFFDCFFDBFF7FCEBCFDB09D69" ID-CoL="55ZJH" authority="Herbulot, 1964" authorityName="Herbulot" authorityYear="1964" box="[151,530,250,271]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thalassodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antithetica">
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFF7FCEBCFED99D69" box="[151,379,250,271]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Thalassodes antithetica</emphasis>
Herbulot, 1964
</taxonomicName>
[erroneous year, the description was published in 1962]: 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0613CFFDCFFDBFBD4CEBCFB549D69" author="Legrand" box="[1084,1270,250,271]" page="129" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" year="1966">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03ADCFFDCFFDBFBD4CEBCFB649D69" author="Legrand" box="[1084,1222,250,271]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" refString="Legrand, H. (1966) Lepidopteres des iles Seychelles et d' Aldabra. Memoires du Museum National D'Historie Naturelle, Paris A 37, 1 - 210." type="journal article" year="1966">Legrand 1966</bibRefCitation>
: 129
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0613CFFDCFFDBFAE8CEBCFF409D4A" author="Lawrence" page="95" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03ADCFFDCFFDBFAE8CEBCFA3B9D69" author="Lawrence" box="[1280,1433,250,271]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" refString="Lawrence, J. M. (2005) The Lepidoptera of Cousine Island, Seychelles. Phelsuma, 13, 94 - 101." type="journal article" year="2005">Lawrence 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 95
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0613CFFDCFFDBFF04CF51FDAB9D4A" author="Gerlach" box="[236,521,279,300]" page="67" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03ADCFFDCFFDBFF04CF51FE479D4A" author="Gerlach" box="[236,485,279,300]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" refString="Gerlach, J. &amp; Matyot, P. (2006) Lepidoptera of the Seychelles Islands. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 130 pp." type="book" year="2006">Gerlach and Matyot 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 67
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.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFF7FCF14FED89D0F" bold="true" box="[151,378,338,361]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54DAF98FFFDCFFDBFE6DCF14FE4A9D0F" box="[389,488,338,361]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="ED70DFE8FFDCFFDBFE13CF14FDF09D0F" box="[507,594,338,361]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">MNHN</collectionCode>
), 
<specimenCount id="9D678CA4FFDCFFDBFD82CF14FD229D0F" box="[618,640,338,361]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">♂</specimenCount>
, 
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFD78CF14FCAF9D0F" bold="true" box="[656,781,338,361]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<collectingCountry id="F37607BDFFDCFFDBFD78CF14FCAA9D0F" box="[656,776,338,361]" name="Seychelles" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F37607BDFFDCFFDBFCF0CF14FCF59D0F" box="[792,855,338,361]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Mahé</collectingCountry>
, B. Vallon, 
<date id="FFDF61EDFFDCFFDBFC0BCF14FBF59D0F" box="[995,1111,338,361]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" value="1960-06-14">14.vi.1960</date>
, H. Legrand (Pr. №4269, C. Herbulot). 
<typeStatus id="54DAF98FFFDCFFDBFEE4CF33FECB9DEA" box="[268,361,373,396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
(designated as 
<typeStatus id="54DAF98FFFDCFFDBFDF8CF33FDC49DEA" box="[528,614,373,396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
by C. Herbulot) (
<collectionCode id="ED70DFE8FFDCFFDBFCCECF33FCDF9DEA" box="[806,893,373,396]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">MNHN</collectionCode>
), 
<specimenCount id="9D678CA4FFDCFFDBFC67CF33FC019DEA" box="[911,931,373,396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">♀</specimenCount>
, 
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFC5ACF33FB8D9DEA" bold="true" box="[946,1071,373,396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<collectingCountry id="F37607BDFFDCFFDBFC5ACF33FB889DEA" box="[946,1066,373,396]" name="Seychelles" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F37607BDFFDCFFDBFBDDCF33FBD69DEA" box="[1077,1140,373,396]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Mahé</collectingCountry>
, Misere, 
<date id="FFDF61EDFFDCFFDBFB30CF33FA809DEA" box="[1240,1314,373,396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" value="1960-05">v.1960</date>
, A. Cauvin (138). 
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFF35CFDEFEF89DC9" bold="true" box="[221,346,408,431]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<collectingCountry id="F37607BDFFDCFFDBFF35CFDEFEF79DC9" box="[221,341,408,431]" name="Seychelles" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
Praslin, Anse Possession, 418ʹ36ʺ S, 5543ʹ45ʺ E, 
<quantity id="4C99EAC8FFDCFFDBFC84CFDEFC379DC9" box="[876,917,408,431]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
alt., coastal lowland, 
<date id="FFDF61EDFFDCFFDBFB95CFDEFB529DC9" box="[1149,1264,408,431]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" value="2013-01-05" valueMax="2013-01-08" valueMin="2013-01-05">5–8.i.2013</date>
, I. Bolotov leg., 
<specimenCount id="9D678CA4FFDCFFDBFF7FCFFFFF1A9DB7" box="[151,184,441,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED70DFE8FFDCFFDBFF2ECFFFFEB89DB7" box="[198,282,441,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">RMBH</collectionCode>
: voucher no. INEP-g709); Praslin, Anse Boudin, main road, junction to 
<collectingCountry id="F37607BDFFDCFFDBFBF1CFFFFB2C9DB7" box="[1049,1166,441,465]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
, 417'55''S, 5542'35''E, 
<quantity id="4C99EAC8FFDCFFDBFA69CFFFFF0E9D92" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
alt., lowland forest, 
<date id="FFDF61EDFFDCFFDBFE63CF9BFDB69D92" box="[395,532,477,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" value="2014-07-05" valueMax="2014-07-09" valueMin="2014-07-05">5–9.vii.2014</date>
, M. Bippus leg., 
<specimenCount id="9D678CA4FFDCFFDBFD27CF9BFD539D92" box="[719,753,477,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D678CA4FFDCFFDBFD17CF9BFC829D92" box="[767,800,477,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="male">6♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED70DFE8FFDCFFDBFCD8CF9AFC229D92" box="[816,896,476,500]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/p1kw-zab5" name="The Pacific Center for Molecular Biodiversity" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">PCMB</collectionCode>
); 
<collectingCountry id="F37607BDFFDCFFDBFC7BCF9AFC709D92" box="[915,978,476,500]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Mahé</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49A589CFFFDCFFDBFC36CF9AFB919D92" box="[990,1075,476,500]" country="Seychelles" name="Au Cap" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Au Cap</collectingRegion>
, 442ʹ59ʺ S, 5531ʹ14ʺE, 
<quantity id="4C99EAC8FFDCFFDBFADDCF9AFACE9D92" box="[1333,1388,476,500]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</quantity>
alt., disturbed mid-altitude forest dominated by palms and cinnamon trees on a hill slope, 
<date id="FFDF61EDFFDCFFDBFBBBCC46FB1B9E71" box="[1107,1209,512,535]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" value="2013-01-24">24.i.2013</date>
, I. Bolotov leg., 
<specimenCount id="9D678CA4FFDCFFDBFA92CC46FA399E71" box="[1402,1435,512,535]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED70DFE8FFDCFFDBFF76CC64FF509E5F" box="[158,242,546,569]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">RMBH</collectionCode>
: voucher no. INEP-g710).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B14A6FFDCFFDBFF2FCC03FD7F9F6F" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDE472DFFDCFFDBFF2FCC03FD7F9F6F" blockId="2.[151,1436,338,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFF2FCC03FE9E9E3A" bold="true" box="[199,316,581,604]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This species can be distinguished from all congeners by long and narrowed valva with a costal extension to form a sclerotized curved free arm, as well as the presence of two long lateral processes on the posterior margin of the male eighth sternite. Based on the male genitalia structure and smooth octavals, the species is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C613CAEFFDCFFDBFAC5CCCCFE079EA2" authority="Han &amp; Xue, 2011" authorityName="Han &amp; Xue" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pelagodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bellula">
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFAC5CCCCFF439EA2" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Pelagodes bellula</emphasis>
Han &amp; Xue, 2011
</taxonomicName>
, a species of another genus, but differs by much more narrow and elongated costal extension of the valva. Additionally, the species differs from all 
<taxonomicName id="4C613CAEFFDCFFDBFD5ECC96FC879E81" box="[694,805,720,743]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pelagodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFD5ECC96FC879E81" box="[694,805,720,743]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Pelagodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxa by a prominent white discal spot on the hind wing and notable creamy white costal margin of the upper wing.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B14A6FFDCFFDBFF2FCD53FC419B97" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDE472DFFDCFFDBFF2FCD53FC7B99C2" blockId="2.[151,1436,338,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFF2FCD53FECE9F4A" bold="true" box="[199,364,789,812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Redescription.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFE9CCD53FE0C9F4A" box="[372,430,789,812]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Head</emphasis>
: Male antenna bipectinate with filiform terminal part; female antenna filiform. Frons bluish green. Labial palpi short, barely extended beyond the frons, yellowish white. Vertex and stem of antennae pure white. 
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFF7FCD1CFF469F17" box="[151,228,858,881]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Thorax</emphasis>
: Dorsal side of thorax deep bluish green, ventral side whitish. Legs yellowish white, inside of foreleg reddish. Hind tibia has a pair of spurs. Forewing length: 
<specimenCount id="9D678CA4FFDCFFDBFD73CD3BFD0D9FF2" box="[667,687,893,916]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">♂</specimenCount>
<quantity id="4C99EAC8FFDCFFDBFD5ECD3AFCF09FF2" box="[694,850,892,916]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.65" metricValueMin="1.45" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="16.5" valueMin="14.5">14.5–16.5 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4C99EAC8FFDCFFDBFC89CD3AFC609FF2" box="[865,962,892,916]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" unit="mm" value="14.5">14.5 mm</quantity>
in 
<typeStatus id="54DAF98FFFDCFFDBFC0CCD3AFBE49FF2" box="[996,1094,892,916]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
); 
<specimenCount id="9D678CA4FFDCFFDBFBB1CD3BFBCF9FF2" box="[1113,1133,893,916]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">♀</specimenCount>
14.3–17.0 mm (
<quantity id="4C99EAC8FFDCFFDBFAF7CD3AFA229FF2" box="[1311,1408,892,916]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" unit="mm" value="15.5">15.5 mm</quantity>
in 
<typeStatus id="54DAF98FFFDCFFDBFF7FCDE6FF5A9FD1" box="[151,248,928,951]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
). Venation is typical for 
<taxonomicName id="4C613CAEFFDCFFDBFE16CDE6FDCE9FD1" box="[510,620,928,951]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pelagodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFE16CDE6FDCE9FD1" box="[510,620,928,951]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Pelagodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C613CAEFFDCFFDBFD93CDE6FD5D9FD1" box="[635,767,928,951]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thalassodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFD93CDE6FD5D9FD1" box="[635,767,928,951]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Thalassodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other closely related genera (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03ADCFFDCFFDBFB82CDE6FAB79FD1" author="Holloway" box="[1130,1301,928,951]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" refString="Holloway, J. D. (1996) The Moths of Borneo (Part 9), Family Geometridae, Subfamilies Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae and Geometrinae. The Malayan Nature Journal, 49 (3 / 4), 147 - 326." type="journal article" year="1996">Holloway 1996</bibRefCitation>
; Han &amp; Xue 2011, 2011a): Discal cell shorter than 1/2 length of wings. Forewing with R1 diverging from upper angle of cell, connected with Sc; R2–5 shortly stalked with M1, M3 shortly stalked with CuA1. Hindwing has Rs stalked with M1, M3 stalked with CuA1; discocellulars are oblique; 3A is absent. Upperside of wings uniformly deep bluish green; rarely diffused with unclear white striations; with creamy white costal margins to both wings; hind wing with a prominent white discal spot. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03ADCFFDCFFDBFEB1CA13FDA5980A" author="Herbulot" box="[345,519,1109,1132]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" refString="Herbulot, C. (1962) Nouveaux Geometridae des Seychelles. Lambillionea, 62 (3 - 6), 31 - 33." type="journal article" year="1962">Herbulot (1962)</bibRefCitation>
did not mentioned this spot in his protologue, possibly because of the relatively poor condition of the 
<typeStatus id="54DAF98FFFDCFFDBFEA0CA3EFED498E9" box="[328,374,1144,1167]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">type</typeStatus>
specimens. Underside of wings pale beige. Fringes of both wings yellowish white. Angle on outer margin of the hind wing relatively weakly sharpened, rounded. 
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFCA9CADCFC0798D7" box="[833,933,1178,1201]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Upperside bluish green, underside whitish. In male, the eighth tergite slightly concave at the posterior margin; the eighth sternite with two very long, smooth, curved sclerotized lateral processes (octavals). 
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFDA8CAA6FD479891" box="[576,741,1248,1271]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Male genitalia:</emphasis>
Uncus rod-like, tapering posteriorly. Socii relatively narrow and tapering. Gnathos with sclerotized simple median process. Valva long with broad basal half and narrow distal half; costal extension slender, smooth, acute, not projecting beyond the apex of valva. Juxta with two sclerotized lateral processes on posterior margin. Saccus semicircular. Phallus (aedeagus) short, thick, expanded at the middle, phallus surface sclerotized posteriorly. Coremata absent. 
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFDBCCB2CFCA999E7" box="[596,779,1386,1409]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Female genitalia</emphasis>
: Ductus bursae short, very broad and sclerotized; the corpus bursae rounded or oval, three times longer than ductus bursae. Signum absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE472DFFDCFFDBFF2FCBF6FC419B97" blockId="2.[151,1436,338,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFF2FCBF6FE2599A1" bold="true" box="[199,391,1456,1479]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">DNA barcoding.</emphasis>
Molecular analysis was performed as described in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03ADCFFDCFFDBFC30CBF6FB6E99A1" box="[984,1228,1456,1479]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" refString="Bolotov, I. N., Frolov, A. A., Kolosova, Yu. S. &amp; Kondakov, A. V. (2014) The male of Sauris mouliniei (Legrand, 1971) comb. n. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae: Trichopterygini), an endemic Inner Seychelles moth. Zootaxa, 3765 (4), 397 - 400. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3765.4.8" type="journal article">
Bolotov 
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFBD2CBF6FBD499A1" box="[1082,1142,1456,1479]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
. We obtained two sequences of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, resulting in an 816-bp fragment (NCBI’s GenBank acc. nos. 
<accessionNumber id="9432DACEFFDCFFDBFF7FCBB3FEAC9A6A" box="[151,270,1525,1548]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KM111177" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
KM 
<date id="FFDF61EDFFDCFFDBFF29CBB3FEAC9A6A" box="[193,270,1525,1548]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" value="77-11-11">111177</date>
</accessionNumber>
and 
<accessionNumber id="9432DACEFFDCFFDBFEA2CBB3FE609A6A" box="[330,450,1525,1548]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KM111178" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
KM 
<date id="FFDF61EDFFDCFFDBFE9DCBB3FE609A6A" box="[373,450,1525,1548]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" value="78-11-11">111178</date>
</accessionNumber>
for specimens from Praslin and 
<collectingCountry id="F37607BDFFDCFFDBFCDDCBB3FCD79A6A" box="[821,885,1525,1548]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Mahé</collectingCountry>
, respectively). Both sequences belong to a single haplotype, providing support for the hypothesis that there has been recent natural or human-mediated movement of 
<taxonomicName id="4C613CAEFFDCFFDBFF7FC87CFEBA9A37" box="[151,280,1594,1617]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
across the approximately 
<quantity id="4C99EAC8FFDCFFDBFDDFC87CFDDF9A37" box="[567,637,1594,1617]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" unit="km" value="45.0">45 km</quantity>
stretch of sea between Praslin and 
<collectingCountry id="F37607BDFFDCFFDBFBEAC87CFB9D9A37" box="[1026,1087,1594,1617]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Mahé</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03ADCFFDCFFDBFBA6C87CFA8B9A37" author="Bolotov" box="[1102,1321,1594,1617]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" refString="Bolotov, I., Spitsyn, V., Kolosova, Y. &amp; Vlasova, A. (2015) New and recent records of moth and butterfly species (Insecta: Lepidoptera) from Praslin and Mahe Islands, Seychelles. Check List, 11 (5), 1752. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.15560 / 11.5.1752" type="journal article" year="2015">
Bolotov 
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFB47C87CFB459A37" box="[1199,1255,1594,1617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
). We were unable to find the COI sequences of closely related taxa in the NCBI’s GenBank using a Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). Thus, phylogenetic relations of the haplotype was retrieved with the BOLD systems COI Full Database, which includes records without species designation. The most similar sequence belongs to 
<taxonomicName id="4C613CAEFFDCFFDBFB6CC8E4FAAA9ADF" box="[1156,1288,1698,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thalassodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFB6CC8E4FAAA9ADF" box="[1156,1288,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Thalassodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. AH01Au (sample ID: BC ZSM Lep 10205), an emerald moth specimen from 
<collectingRegion id="49A589CFFFDCFFDBFC41C883FB889ABA" box="[937,1066,1733,1756]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Queensland</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F37607BDFFDCFFDBFBD2C883FB3C9ABA" box="[1082,1182,1733,1756]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Australia</collectingCountry>
, with 
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFB03C883FB5A9ABA" box="[1259,1272,1733,1756]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">p</emphasis>
-distance 3.1% (Appendix 1). Among the other top 10 nearest neighbor sequences (
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFC83C8AEFCDA9A99" box="[875,888,1768,1791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">p</emphasis>
-distance ranges from 3.9 to 4.6%) moth specimens from 
<collectingCountry id="F37607BDFFDCFFDBFF3CC94CFE9C9B47" box="[212,318,1802,1825]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F37607BDFFDCFFDBFEA5C94CFE679B47" box="[333,453,1802,1825]" name="Philippines" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Philippines</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F37607BDFFDCFFDBFE17C94CFDFC9B47" box="[511,606,1802,1825]" name="Thailand" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Thailand</collectingCountry>
are also presented. Additionally, the top 99 matches from BOLD database belong almost exclusively to specimens from the Indo-Australian tropics, excluding four 
<taxonomicName id="4C613CAEFFDCFFDBFB8CC96BFB459B22" box="[1124,1255,1837,1860]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thalassodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFB8CC96BFB459B22" box="[1124,1255,1837,1860]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Thalassodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens from Africa, which share the most distant haplotypes (Appendix 1). This preliminary assessment reveals that the 
<collectingCountry id="F37607BDFFDCFFDBFAC1C916FA399B01" box="[1321,1435,1872,1895]" name="Seychelles" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
species is closely linked to the Indo-Australian fauna. DNA barcoding of 
<taxonomicName id="4C613CAEFFDCFFDBFC25C934FA9F9BEF" authority="Legrand, 1971" authorityName="Legrand" authorityYear="1971" box="[973,1341,1906,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sauris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mouliniei">
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFC25C934FB229BEF" box="[973,1152,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Sauris mouliniei</emphasis>
(Legrand, 1971)
</taxonomicName>
, another 
<collectingCountry id="F37607BDFFDCFFDBFF7FC9D3FEAB9BCA" box="[151,265,1941,1964]" name="Seychelles" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
endemic geometrid species, also reveals its closest affinity to be with Australian congeners (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03ADCFFDCFFDBFAECC9D3FF739BA9" author="Bolotov" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" refString="Bolotov, I. N., Frolov, A. A., Kolosova, Yu. S. &amp; Kondakov, A. V. (2014) The male of Sauris mouliniei (Legrand, 1971) comb. n. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae: Trichopterygini), an endemic Inner Seychelles moth. Zootaxa, 3765 (4), 397 - 400. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3765.4.8" type="journal article" year="2014">
Bolotov 
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFA8CC9D3FA3E9BCA" box="[1380,1436,1941,1964]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
). However, this was only a preliminary report because the phylogenetic relationships of this species with supposedly related African taxa (e.g. genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C613CAEFFDCFFDBFD83C99CFD6F9B97" box="[619,717,2010,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Episteira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDCFFDBFD83C99CFD6F9B97" box="[619,717,2010,2033]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Episteira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and others) are unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B14A6FFDDFFDAFF2FCEDEFF719D81" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDE472DFFDDFFDAFF2FCEDEFF719D81" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDDFFDAFF2FCEDEFE529CC9" bold="true" box="[199,496,152,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
The species is considered to be endemic of the granitic 
<collectingCountry id="F37607BDFFDDFFDAFB6ECEDEFB5A9CC9" box="[1158,1272,152,175]" name="Seychelles" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="135A5BA8FFDDFFDAFAE5CEDEFAC29CC9" box="[1293,1376,152,175]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 16" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1567,1589]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,546,1542]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,541,1547]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 16. Range and habitat of Thalassodes antithetica Herbulot, 1962. Fig. 15. Map of records: 1 — Beau Vallon (the type locality); 2 — La Misere; 3 — Au Cap; 4 — Silhouette; 5 — Anse Possession; 6 — Anse Boudin; 7 — Cousine; 8 — Calou Guest House. Fig. 16. Habitat: lowland forest, Anse Boudin, Praslin (photo: M. Bippus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267666/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
) and examples have been collected from 
<collectingCountry id="F37607BDFFDDFFDAFDC1CEFCFDCA9CB7" box="[553,616,186,209]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Mahé</collectingCountry>
, Silhouette (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03ADCFFDDFFDAFD1DCEFCFC3B9CB7" author="Herbulot" box="[757,921,186,209]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" refString="Herbulot, C. (1962) Nouveaux Geometridae des Seychelles. Lambillionea, 62 (3 - 6), 31 - 33." type="journal article" year="1962">Herbulot 1962</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03ADCFFDDFFDAFC40CEFCFBE69CB7" author="Legrand" box="[936,1092,186,209]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" refString="Legrand, H. (1966) Lepidopteres des iles Seychelles et d' Aldabra. Memoires du Museum National D'Historie Naturelle, Paris A 37, 1 - 210." type="journal article" year="1966">Legrand 1966</bibRefCitation>
; our data), Cousine (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03ADCFFDDFFDAFAD8CEFCFF729C92" author="Lawrence" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" refString="Lawrence, J. M. (2005) The Lepidoptera of Cousine Island, Seychelles. Phelsuma, 13, 94 - 101." type="journal article" year="2005">Lawrence 2005</bibRefCitation>
), La Digue (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03ADCFFDDFFDAFEBECE9BFC789C92" author="Mazzei" box="[342,986,221,244]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" refString="Mazzei, P. (2014) Seychelles Wildlife. Available from: http: // www. seychelleswildlife. info (accessed 4 October 2015)" type="journal article" year="2014">Mazzei 2014: documented by photos of five live specimens</bibRefCitation>
) and Praslin (our data: first record for the island). The species inhabits coastal lowlands and mid-altitude forests. The species was very rare in the majority of collection localities, excluding forest sites at Anse Boudin, Praslin (
<figureCitation id="135A5BA8FFDDFFDAFC84CF64FC1B9D5F" box="[876,953,290,313]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 16" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1567,1589]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,546,1542]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,541,1547]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 16. Range and habitat of Thalassodes antithetica Herbulot, 1962. Fig. 15. Map of records: 1 — Beau Vallon (the type locality); 2 — La Misere; 3 — Au Cap; 4 — Silhouette; 5 — Anse Possession; 6 — Anse Boudin; 7 — Cousine; 8 — Calou Guest House. Fig. 16. Habitat: lowland forest, Anse Boudin, Praslin (photo: M. Bippus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267666/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
) and near the Calou Guest House, La Digue, where it was recorded as relatively common (M. Bippus and P. Mazzei, pers. comm.). It has been observed by us resting during the day on the underside of leaves of 
<taxonomicName id="4C613CAEFFDDFFDAFD9ACF2EFCF69D19" box="[626,852,360,383]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Chrysobalanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="icaco">
<emphasis id="B9159B3FFFDDFFDAFD9ACF2EFCF69D19" box="[626,852,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Chrysobalanus icaco</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) L. near 
<collectingRegion id="49A589CFFFDDFFDAFC34CF2EFBFD9D19" box="[988,1119,360,383]" country="Seychelles" name="Beau Vallon" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Beau Vallon</collectingRegion>
on 
<collectingCountry id="F37607BDFFDDFFDAFB6FCF2EFB659D19" box="[1159,1223,360,383]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Mahé</collectingCountry>
, the green colour of the wings clearly having cryptic value against the green background of the leaves (P. Matyot, pers. comm.). Adult specimens were found almost all year round (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03ADCFFDDFFDAFD93CFEBFCBE9DA2" author="Herbulot" box="[635,796,429,452]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" refString="Herbulot, C. (1962) Nouveaux Geometridae des Seychelles. Lambillionea, 62 (3 - 6), 31 - 33." type="journal article" year="1962">Herbulot 1962</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03ADCFFDDFFDAFCCECFEBFC6D9DA2" author="Lawrence" box="[806,975,429,452]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" refString="Lawrence, J. M. (2005) The Lepidoptera of Cousine Island, Seychelles. Phelsuma, 13, 94 - 101." type="journal article" year="2005">Lawrence 2005</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF03ADCFFDDFFDAFC31CFEBFBC59DA2" author="Mazzei" box="[985,1127,429,452]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" refString="Mazzei, P. (2014) Seychelles Wildlife. Available from: http: // www. seychelleswildlife. info (accessed 4 October 2015)" type="journal article" year="2014">Mazzei 2014</bibRefCitation>
; P. Mazzei, pers. comm.; our data).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>