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<mods:location id="0E990BFBB5ACBD91F3944C8D872E8D78">
<mods:url id="9021040AAE7A378975BB53DC67E37CFA">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="AFF680A11120189F78833691FA54903C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="4911AF5C12BBC97AFD51617AAC7A62AD" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="493E5BB4C416CE2FC6485427EEB19D53" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-240-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8337540DED289315273061CF349FF1CD" type="Pensoft-UUID">B699D9DE2B435B1093DE3C38C703D430</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<subSection id="A5DDD918D22E68380708E06E9DD26606" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="9. tribe dimorphandreae">
<treatment id="9A5C3B73FCDF5FFB44BF713375C28315" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A5C3B73FCDF5FFB44BF713375C28315" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A5C3B73FCDF5FFB44BF713375C28315" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="029547B51AE6640A8007752B3FAE1A41" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="73A334F796085FD8890911E3CCF6884E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="D36C7C95F8DA7BA64DA5C305F74821F2" ID-CoL="9CK82" authority="Hook., Icon. Pl. 6: t. 593. 1843." authorityName="Hook., Icon. Pl. 6: t. 593. 1843." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Burkea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Burkea" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Burkea Hook., Icon. Pl. 6: t. 593. 1843.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83268F81725C234A30C6755CBD8957CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="8FA374CB64BF8B6D960F121B572275B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="ABADB43AED53370B3268154126587ADD" captionStart="Figure 88" captionStartId="F95" captionText="Figure 88. Leaves and inflorescences of tribe Dimorphandreae A Mora paraensis (Ducke) Ducke (Simon 1663) B Stachyothyrsus staudtii Harms C Burkea africana Hook. D Dimorphandra mediocris Ducke (Simon 4209) E Dimorphandra cuprea Sprague &amp; Sandwith (Farronay 1804) F Dimorphandra parviflora Spruce ex Benth. (Simon 1176) G Dimorphandra mollis Benth. H Dimorphandra pennigera Tul. I Dimorphandra ignea Ducke J Dimorphandra vernicosa Spreng. ex Benth. (Cardoso 3279) K Burkea africana L Dimorphandra gardneriana Tul. (Silva 21). Photo credits A, D, F, G MF Simon B Nicolas Texier (CC-BY-NC-ND- 3.0) C AR Lecuona (CC-BY-NC- 4.0) E, H, I F Javier Farronay Pacaya J D Cardoso K AE van Wyk and S Malan L G Sousa da Silva." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure88" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014761" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 88</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="16A487B3A7D44B2723EC62EFF42823CB" captionStart="Figure 89" captionStartId="F96" captionText="Figure 89. Flowers and fruits of the tribe Dimorphandreae A Dimorphandra cuprea Sprague &amp; Sandwith (Farronay 1804) B Dimorphandra pennigera Tul. C Dimorphandra vernicosa Spreng. ex Benth. (Cardoso 3279) D Dimorphandra ignea Ducke E Stachyothyrsus staudtii Harms F Dimorphandra gardneriana Tul. (Simon 2715) G Dimorphandra macrostachya Benth. (Silva 540) H Dimorphandra cuprea Sprague &amp; Sandwith (Farronay 1804) I Stachyothyrsus staudtii Harms J Burkea africana Hook. K-M Mora paraensis (Ducke) Ducke (K, L Costa 28). Photo credits A, B, D, H F Javier Farronay Pacaya C D Cardoso E Flora of the world F MF Simon G G Sousa da Silva I N Texier (CC-BY-NC-ND- 3.0) J C Sydes (CC-BY-NC- 4.0) K, L J Barbosa Pedrosa Costa M A Rocha Dantas." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure89" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014762" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 89</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="960E73CE2EDC682EDE2B67CD1A870AD7" captionStart="Figure 93" captionStartId="F100" captionText="Figure 93. Distribution of Burkea based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure93" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014766" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 93</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="28524A586CEEC55BF60E0D412EFDAA1E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C04647312D63D2736AF9A0414FD60894" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus id="E8212B37DFD660EF46BE449F5A205F91">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B959FA704BD4A6A5D646C4DE6ED1FAB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="D29AF297D57CA7751A35A4081871BF92" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Burkea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Burkea africana" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="4AEE6EFBC86000B2FDA6DE0860A97ABF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Burkea africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hook.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9F29964CD2689AA01FE21761CF9739D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="85BD60752F0778F1013BB4BA151B626B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8537C7DFCF2E703172DAAC24687211BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Unarmed shrubs or small trees, exceptionally reaching 20-30 (35) m; trunk not buttressed; brachyblasts absent; indumentum on leaves and inflorescences composed by simple ferrugineous trichomes. 
<emphasis id="C6B8A5755995BACEEFCE6CBB4DDCF477" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stipules</emphasis>
minute, caducous. 
<emphasis id="81775FF19D3C7B464D54CCE381C7D6D7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
bipinnate, clustered at the tip of the branches; petiole and rachis together 7-32 cm long; pinnae (1) 2-5 (7) pairs; leaflets 5-15 (18) per pinna, alternate. 
<emphasis id="64AD18E34DCA9686415E04AD27ED8B69" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescences</emphasis>
elongate spiciform racemes 5-30 cm long, crowded at the tip of branches. 
<emphasis id="502BDC0890E7C6312864923E4451A7EE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowers</emphasis>
small, whitish, sweet-scented, 5-merous, diplostemonous; calyx campanulate; petals obovate or elliptic-obtuse, glabrous; stamens 10, homomorphic; anthers oblong, anther glands present; pollen tricolpate monads; ovary subsessile, hirsute, 1-2-ovulate, style very short, thick, stigma conspicuous, capitate. 
<emphasis id="7AC7D1DAC8BC137AB25CF52C340A6248" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fruit</emphasis>
samaroid, oblong or elliptical, flat, indehiscent, 1 (2)-seeded. 
<emphasis id="20FCF07495258F8F8DDA0C25FCDE7F85" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seed</emphasis>
obovate, compressed, albuminous, cotyledon thin, flat, radicle short.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F9782832FA3B0ABB3FA1464F5423B75F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
<paragraph id="F87493ADF842BFB8142DC8372E6826AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E0CC4F3A62B64E1800E1A3C82C96BA1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
2 
<emphasis id="A6F1E41E0D26D9335307F4CCAE0FCF13" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
= 28 (
<bibRefCitation id="BA35F5B098FDAF5AD95544E28AE96DBF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1959.tb06981.x" author="Turner, BL" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="49 - 57" refId="B865" refString="Turner, BL, Fearing, OS, 1959. Chromosome numbers in the Leguminosae II: African species, including phyletic interpretations. American Journal of Botany 46 (1): 49 - 57, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1959.tb06981.x" title="Chromosome numbers in the Leguminosae II: African species, including phyletic interpretations." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1959.tb06981.x" volume="46" year="1959">Turner and Fearing 1959</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9A05494BEE352D2A658F919BE5E0AD81" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F088C3BB5C2DF248C4FF81D16CE16A0F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Included species and geographic distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D4F715CEEB75CEACF6A5F0B9B722D65" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Monospecific (
<taxonomicName id="5FC50C1387E6715FD9667D26D75696C6" lsidName="B. africana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="4AEE904E57E0EFDF9AA3193F6DEA7831" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), widespread in Africa (except for the rainforest regions), occurring mainly in the west, centre and south of the continent, extending into Senegal, Sudan and Uganda, south to Namibia, Botswana and northern South Africa (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="FC86F4405FDAACEF0219E79B66F24B23" captionStart="Figure 93" captionStartId="F100" captionText="Figure 93. Distribution of Burkea based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure93" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014766" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">93</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="C5809B08FF3486A1E214631EA0CC873A" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure93" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014766" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 93" startId="F100">
<paragraph id="35BB37C9BDE9A15E24D958C6CDB2A05D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="49DD7230E607509903CFF9FDDAC3E87B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 93.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="D834A5A9487665088D2C4EA01804E590" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Burkea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Burkea" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08A9C9A18BFBC0C55131A64694851F5C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Burkea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="49B568B4728446C2ED850E7757865C86" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="0AAF1C122572A4A969DC6D6D0B783C8D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BFF2F64520A418CE2C7FAB0CA45C29E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The species inhabits savannas and seasonally dry forests at elevations from 40-1740 m. Trees with a bole diameter above 12.5 cm are fire resistant, being sufficiently protected by their corky bark. It is frequent and abundant in many regions (e.g., southern Africa), but often occurs in a dispersed and non-aggregated pattern.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9BED777F6596ABBA608D2D840B4B7B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="F596B26CF881E6C21B6E181A3BDAC38A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="358C8B5F247CB75C390CCFDEED8BF4E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Named after the British botanist Joseph Burke (1812-1873), who collected plants and animals (especially in South Africa) for the Earl of Derby.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6B4F746A26A3B06163A1CB9D8FA5F4D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="human uses">
<paragraph id="5123B75EE4DA03D8A9FB20A933045DF3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Human uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E62CB725ECA2DC3E096A26882D98EDD6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
An edible gum is produced from the stem, tender young leaves are cooked and eaten as a vegetable while young flowers are eaten in sauces. The bark, roots and leaves are commonly used in traditional medicine (
<bibRefCitation id="C6B8751E7665A48F2E3EBCC8D508D1A0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.936" author="Mathisen, E" journalOrPublisher="Phytotherapy Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="148 - 153" refId="B551" refString="Mathisen, E, Diallo, D, Andersen, OM, Malterud, KE, 2002. Antioxidants from the bark of Burkea africana, an African medicinal plant. Phytotherapy Research 16 (2): 148 - 153, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.936" title="Antioxidants from the bark of Burkea africana, an African medicinal plant." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.936" volume="16" year="2002">Mathisen et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
). The bark is used to treat fevers, coughs, colds, catarrh, pneumonia, stomach obstruction, menorrhoea, headaches, inflammation of tongue and gums, poisoning and skin diseases. The powdered bark is applied externally to ulcers and wounds, and to treat scabies. 
<taxonomicName id="059B0C480D80A300D70AA4B455716AA9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Burkea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Burkea africana" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="847011016CF7DA66F8D5B71FAA7DFEDB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Burkea africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
yields durable timber used in construction, carpentry and for charcoal (
<bibRefCitation id="6467F7F3A8B2E525639DDE9B73136EFB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:2004020" author="Neya, B" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Forest Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="277 - 282" refId="B603" refString="Neya, B, Hakkou, M, Petrissans, M, Gerardin, P, 2004. On the durability of Burkea africana heartwood: evidence of biocidal and hydrophobic properties responsible for durability. Annals of Forest Science 61 (3): 277 - 282, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:2004020" title="On the durability of Burkea africana heartwood: evidence of biocidal and hydrophobic properties responsible for durability." url="https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:2004020" volume="61" year="2004">Neya et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4849BA3D1A50C471741786B5B9BC6B6E" author="Lewis, GP" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B471" refString="Lewis, GP, 2005b. Tribe Caesalpinieae. In: Lewis G, Schrire B, Mackinder B, Lock M (Eds) Legumes of the World, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom, 127-161." title="Tribe Caesalpinieae. In: Lewis G, Schrire B, Mackinder B, Lock M (Eds) Legumes of the World, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom, 127 - 161." year="2005 b">Lewis 2005b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BA70AD5E59A4CD4A1C0644C5771AC7FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph id="A2E6AC165820918EFD8DCA3F509592E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="73613E0546ABE43FC585875703FD69CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="93C49825E0C657C6A33121E36301A6EC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Burkea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Burkea" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="56FD1486572C8C5056467E92F30F12B0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Burkea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the most unusual genus within the tribe, with young leaves and inflorescences clustered at the tip of shoots, capitate stigma, and samaroid, monospermic fruits, whereas the other genera have leaves and inflorescence which are not clustered at the tip of shoots, small stigma, and multi-seeded legumes. The dispersal of the flat and dry fruits of 
<taxonomicName id="A49F5ECF394B11A4360905995B13FFCC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Burkea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Burkea" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E5D027C3A5BE975C0FEE5DDC78137129" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Burkea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is possibly by wind since the trees occur in dry and open environments (
<bibRefCitation id="6EFAF6A7F81C45B6780880BE9EB1C40C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023999806577" author="Wilson, BG" journalOrPublisher="Plant Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="151 - 162" refId="B912" refString="Wilson, BG, Witkowski, ETF, 2003. Seed banks, bark thickness and change in age and size structure (1978-1999) of the African savanna tree Burkea africana. Plant Ecology 167 (1): 151 - 162, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023999806577" title="Seed banks, bark thickness and change in age and size structure (1978 - 1999) of the African savanna tree Burkea africana." url="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023999806577" volume="167" year="2003">Wilson and Witkowski 2003</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="56938959F5FF91DFD6D4B1F3434B151D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="taxonomic references">
<paragraph id="CE9687472BBA0A3F512950C2EC0CF81F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Taxonomic references.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D1571A77A3463A5AAD221C1D386165C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation id="7BA9A39EE8ED9288A250F04167DD3627" author="Arbonnier, M" journalOrPublisher="CIRAD, Margraf Publishers Gmbh, MNHN, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B18" refString="Arbonnier, M, 2004. Trees, shrubs and lianas of West African dry zones. CIRAD, Margraf Publishers Gmbh, MNHN, Paris" title="Trees, shrubs and lianas of West African dry zones." year="2004">Arbonnier (2004)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="BE21BF7C3CF92399509BDBAB009175A1" author="Brummitt, RK" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B129" refString="Brummitt, RK, Chikuni, AC, Lock, JM, Polhill, RM, 2007. Leguminosae. In: Timberlake JR, Pope GV, Polhill RM, Martins ES (Eds) Flora Zambesiaca, vol. 3(2). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom" title="Leguminosae. In: Timberlake JR, Pope GV, Polhill RM, Martins ES (Eds) Flora Zambesiaca, vol. 3 (2)." year="2007">Brummitt et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="8F3499C620D057B6D9D293F52FF41117" author="Burkill, HM" journalOrPublisher=", Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B145" refString="Burkill, HM, 1995. The useful plants of west tropical Africa. Vol. 3, Families J-L., Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom" title="The useful plants of west tropical Africa. Vol. 3, Families J-L." year="1995">Burkill (1995)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="1190EDE2BA086A7E1DE54AD64E69885C" author="Dry, D" journalOrPublisher="Veld &amp; Flora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination=": 107" refId="B229" refString="Dry, D, 1993. The wild seringa, Burkea africana. Veld &amp; Flora 79 (4): 107" title="The wild seringa, Burkea africana." volume="79" year="1993">Dry (1993)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="656F37B79B21EE7BD11DE9D316CF6631" author="Oliver, D" journalOrPublisher=", London, United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B631" refString="Oliver, D, 1871. Flora of tropical Africa, 2. Lovell Reeve &amp; Co., London, United Kingdom" title="Flora of tropical Africa, 2. Lovell Reeve &amp; Co." year="1871">Oliver (1871)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="46B6C147FEE5827702DA495834A31575" author="Palmer, E" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de la Sociedad Argentina de Botanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B638" refString="Palmer, E, Pitman, N, 1974. Trees of southern Africa, covering all known indigenous species in the Republic of South Africa, South-West Africa, Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland. Balkema 3: 2235." title="Trees of southern Africa, covering all known indigenous species in the Republic of South Africa, South-West Africa, Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland. Balkema 3: 2235." year="1974">Palmer and Pitman (1974)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>