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<document id="7A4C2C10CEE295093676EC268AEA2A5D" ID-CLB-Dataset="21758" ID-DOI="10.5252/adansonia2020v42a1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="28f94b79-38d7-4c25-ac76-cf64809114fc" ID-ISSN="1639-4798" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3877215" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1591295858102" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Johnson, David M. &amp; Murray, Nancy A." docDate="2020" docId="417D87A4FFC0FFD3FC03500036E1FB33" docLanguage="en" docName="Adansonia.42.1.1-88.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Adansonia 42 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2FE19AC740987067EC2A6C89A85F9648.8:Adansonia.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="2FE19AC740987067EC2A6C89A85F9648" docStyleName="Adansonia.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Xylopia galokothamna D. M. Johnson &amp; N. A. Murray 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="BD44FFDCFFFDFFECFFDC5218334EFFA2" masterDocTitle="A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Madagascar and the Mascarene islands" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1698842045118" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="DC5F2A0CC73F1CD66EC450C060D033BA">A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Madagascar and the Mascarene islands</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0124FF14E570BF8A84239482DCA1BD05">Johnson, David M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D242B96A800A86C158C50645927E6519">Murray, Nancy A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6FB03301DE5B662364C4F12E4E70AAA4">Adansonia</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E6CB6A7A560B73271373E5EA64A6C9DC">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="417D87A4FFC0FFD3FC03500036E1FB33" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3883306" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164479637" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3883306" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:417D87A4FFC0FFD3FC03500036E1FB33" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/417D87A4FFC0FFD3FC03500036E1FB33" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="61" pageNumber="60">
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<heading id="922381DEFFC0FFD1FC03500037BAFDD0" level="2" pageId="61" pageNumber="60">
<subSubSection id="81CE6539FFC0FFD1FC035000360FFDF1" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
21.
<taxonomicName id="0ED44D31FFC0FFD1FBD5500F37AFFDF0" authority="D.M.Johnson &amp; N.A.Murray" authorityName="D. M. Johnson &amp; N. A. Murray" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="galokothamna" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC0FFD1FBD5500F37B3FD90" bold="true" box="[1033,1277,535,562]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="60">Xylopia galokothamna</emphasis>
D.M.Johnson &amp; N.A.Murray
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,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E09357DBFFC0FFD1FB305021360FFDF1" box="[1260,1345,569,595]" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="81CE6539FFC0FFD1FC3B504037BAFDD0" box="[999,1268,600,626]" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" type="description">
(
<figureCitation id="51EF2A37FFC0FFD1FC3250403736FDD0" box="[1006,1144,600,626]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="48.[132,143,1896,1914]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[698,1267,786,1360]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIG. 16. — A, Fruit of X. australis, sp. nov. (Rakotovao 4575); B, flower of X. bemarivensis Diels (Nusbaumer 8139); C, flower bud of X. galokothamna, sp. nov. (Ratovoson 2065); D, fruit of X. galokothamna, sp. nov. (Ratovoson 2065); E, fruit of plant resembling X. galokothamna, sp. nov., but with different pericarp pattern (see text) (Buerki 20); F, monocarps and leafy shoots of X. lastelliana Baill. (Rakotovao 4603); G, flowers of X. australis, sp. nov. (Schatz 2641); H, monocarps of X. kalabenonensis D.M.Johnson, Deroin, &amp; Callmander (Razafitsalama et al. 1041). Photos: A, F, C. Rakotovao; B, L. Nusbaumer; C, D, F. Ratovoson; E, M. W. Callmander; G, G. E. Schatz; H, J. Razafitsalama. A, C-H, used under the terms of the Creative Commons license for Tropicos, the botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden; B, L. Nusbaumer (© Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3877248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3877248/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="60">Figs 16C, D</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="51EF2A37FFC0FFD1FB58504037A3FDD0" box="[1156,1261,600,626]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="64.[132,143,1457,1475]" captionTargetBox="[164,1441,218,1429]" captionTargetId="figure@64.[132,1455,215,1430]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIG. 23. — Xylopia lokobensis, sp. nov., and X. galokothamna, sp. nov. A-E, X. lokobensis, sp. nov.: A, petiole and base of leaf blade; B, leaf; C, fruit, side view; D, seed, side view; E, flower, side view. F-N, X. galokothamna, sp. nov.: F, outer petal, adaxial view; G, inner petal, adaxial view; H, habit, with fruit; I, petiole and base of leaf blade; J, outer staminode, abaxial view; K, fertile stamen,abaxial view;L, stigmas with adhering inner staminodes,side view; M, monocarp; N, seed, side view. A, D, E, from Antilahimena 340 (P); B, from Antilahimena 340 (MO); C, from Birkinshaw 186 (OWU); F, G, J, K, L, from Callmander et al. 585 (P); I, from Callmander et al. 585 (MO); H, N, from Callmander et al. 585 (OWU); M, from Buerki et al. 20 (MO). Scale bars: A, E-G, I, 5 mm; B-D, H, M, N, 1 cm; J-L, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3877262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3877262/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="60">23F-L, N</figureCitation>
)
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</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="81CE6539FFC0FFD1FCF150893620FC8F" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" type="diagnosis">
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<taxonomicName id="0ED44D31FFC0FFD1FCF150893021FD0B" box="[813,879,657,681]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC0FFD1FCF150893021FD0B" box="[813,879,657,681]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="60">Xylopia</emphasis>
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species belonging to the
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group with relatively broad outer petals and clavate stigmas, but distinguishable from the other species of the group by the shrub habit, cuneate to broadly cuneate leaf bases, stamens 1.5-2.0 mm long borne on a staminal cone
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC0FFD1FA8C50F93611FD5A" box="[1360,1375,737,760]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="60">c.</emphasis>
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high, monocarps with a beak
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long and stipe
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long and
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thick, and ovoid seeds
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wide.
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TYPE. —
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(fl., fr.),
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC0FFD1FAE3516130C9FC0E" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="60">Callmander et al. 585</emphasis>
(holo-,
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[
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. —
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<location id="CC0B6069FFC0FFD1FB5251C63678FC54" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:417D87A4FFC0FFD3FC03500036E1FB33:CC0B6069FFC0FFD1FB5251C63678FC54" box="[1166,1334,990,1014]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-13.644444" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="48.67389" name="Anketrabe belinta" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="Prov. Antsiranana">Anketrabe belinta</location>
,
<location id="CC0B6069FFC0FFD1FAE251C630FAFBB2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:417D87A4FFC0FFD3FC03500036E1FB33:CC0B6069FFC0FFD1FAE251C630FAFBB2" country="Madagascar" latitude="-13.644444" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="48.67389" name="Kalobinono Manongarivo" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="Prov. Antsiranana">Kalobinono Manongarivo</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="D8D92F90FFC0FFD1FC6351E037E2FBB2" box="[959,1196,1016,1040]" pageId="61" pageNumber="60">
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC0FFD1FC6351E030BDFBB2" box="[959,1011,1016,1040]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
au sud de Belinta
</locationDeviation>
,
<geoCoordinate id="ACE05075FFC0FFD1FB6B51E13664FBB3" box="[1207,1322,1017,1041]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" precision="15" seconds="40" value="-13.644444">13°38’40”S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="ACE05075FFC0FFD1FAEA51E036E5FBB2" box="[1334,1451,1016,1040]" degrees="48" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" precision="15" seconds="26" value="48.67389">48°40’26”E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC0FFD1FCF1560B3021FB88" box="[813,879,1043,1067]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="700.0">
<elevation id="42F9D181FFC0FFD1FCF1560B3021FB88" box="[813,879,1043,1067]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="BD6A1072FFC0FFD1FCA6560B30A5FB89" box="[890,1003,1043,1067]" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" value="2013-09-28">
<collectingDate id="AD2EE99AFFC0FFD1FCA6560B30A5FB89" box="[890,1003,1043,1067]" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" value="2013-09-28">28.IX.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
(fr.),
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<location id="CC0B6069FFC0FFD1FBFF560C37CFFB89" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:417D87A4FFC0FFD3FC03500036E1FB33:CC0B6069FFC0FFD1FBFF560C37CFFB89" box="[1059,1153,1044,1067]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-13.644444" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="48.67389" name="Ratovoson" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="Prov. Antsiranana">Ratovoson</location>
2065
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="AFC5AE77FFC0FFD1FB1B560B37BBFB89" box="[1223,1269,1043,1067]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="AFC5AE77FFC0FFD1FADC560B365EFB88" box="[1280,1296,1043,1066]" pageId="61" pageNumber="60">P</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="99729EC9FFC0FFD1FACA560B36C7FB89" box="[1302,1417,1043,1067]" pageId="61" pageNumber="60">P01044912</specimenCode>
]).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81CE6539FFC0FFD1FCF1565A365FFA8C" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFC0FFD1FCF1565A365FFA8C" blockId="61.[813,1456,1090,1326]" pageId="61" pageNumber="60">
DISTRIBUTION, ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION STATUS. — Like
<taxonomicName id="0ED44D31FFC0FFD1FCF15646309FFBD7" box="[813,977,1117,1141]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kalabenonensis">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC0FFD1FCF15646309FFBD7" box="[813,977,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="60">X. kalabenonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this is a new species revealed by recent collecting efforts in the Galoka Mountain chain of northwestern
<collectingCountry id="B1C37622FFC0FFD1FAE0566F36E1FB2D" box="[1340,1455,1143,1167]" name="Madagascar" pageId="61" pageNumber="60">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD454B43FFC0FFD1FCE9568A375DFB08" author="Callmander" box="[821,1043,1170,1194]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Callmander" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" pagination="179 - 202" refId="ref87663" refString="CALLMANDER M. W., RAKOTOVAO C., RAZAFITSALAMA J., PHIL- LIPSON J. B., BUERKI S., HONG- WA C., RAKOTOARIVELO N., ANDRIAMBOLOLONERA S., KOOPMAN M. M., JOHNSON D. M., DEROIN T., ANDRIAMANDRANTO R., SOLO S., LABAT J. - N. &amp; LOWRY P. P. II. 2009. - New species from two unknown and highly threatened mountainous areas in northwestern Madagascar: the Galoka and Kalabenono massifs. Candollea 64: 179 - 202." type="journal article" year="2009">
Callmander
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC0FFD1FC71568B3092FB08" box="[941,988,1170,1194]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="60">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="0ED44D31FFC0FFD1FBFB568A37B8FB08" authority="Johnson &amp; Murray, 2020" authorityName="D. M. Johnson &amp; N. A. Murray" authorityYear="2020" box="[1063,1270,1170,1194]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="galokothamna" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC0FFD1FBFB568A37B8FB08" box="[1063,1270,1170,1194]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="60">Xylopia galokothamna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E09357DBFFC0FFD1FADE568A3601FB0B" box="[1282,1359,1170,1193]" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, is known from a single locality in humid forest at
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC0FFD1FB7956B537FAFB66" box="[1189,1204,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="60">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC0FFD1FB6456B437B9FB66" box="[1208,1271,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
elevation (
<figureCitation id="51EF2A37FFC0FFD1FA8256B436EFFB66" box="[1374,1441,1196,1220]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="84.[132,143,1801,1819]" captionTargetBox="[134,1453,214,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@84.[458,797,717,1245]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIG. 29. — Distributions of Xylopia galokothamna, sp. nov., X. ghesquiereana Cavaco &amp; Keraudren, X. humbertii Ghesq. ex Cavaco &amp; Keraudren, X. humblotiana Baill., X. kalabenonensis D.M.Johnson, Deroin, &amp; Callmander, X. lamii Cavaco &amp; Keraudren, X. lastelliana Baill., X. lemurica Diels, X. lokobensis, sp. nov., X. longirostra, sp. nov., X. madagascariensis Cavaco &amp; Keraudren, and X. marojejyana, sp. nov., on Madagascar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3877274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3877274/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="60">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
). The specimen with flowers was collected in November, the specimens with fruits in September and November. The small EOO and AOO values,
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC0FFD1FC6F56E430A8FAB6" box="[947,998,1276,1300]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
2 and
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC0FFD1FBC356E4371CFAB6" box="[1055,1106,1276,1300]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
2, respectively, lead to a preliminary conservation assessment of Endangered (
<tableCitation id="84560309FFC0FFD1FB67570E364DFA8C" box="[1211,1283,1302,1326]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="18.[214,225,221,239]" captionText="TABLE 2. — Preliminary and published conservation assessments for Madagascar and Mascarene Xylopia species.Abbreviations:CR, Critically Endangered; D, based on IUCN Criterion D; DD, Data Deficient; EN, Endangered; VU, Vulnerable. Sources: 1, Page 1998a; 2, Lantoarisoa 2015; 3, Callmander et al. 2009; 4, Page 1998b; 5, Page 1998c. *, See Discussion under X. flexuosa Diels." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9DAB663AFFEFFFFEFF0A52C5370AFEBF" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" tableUuid="9DAB663AFFEFFFFEFF0A52C5370AFEBF">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81CE6539FFC0FFD3FCF1574D31BDF94C" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" type="description">
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFC0FFD1FCF1574D375DFA2D" blockId="61.[813,1455,1365,1519]" pageId="61" pageNumber="60">
DESCRIPTION
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC0FFD1FCF1576D303EFA2D" bold="true" box="[813,880,1397,1423]" pageId="61" pageNumber="60">Shrub</emphasis>
up to
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC0FFD1FC6B576D30ACFA32" box="[951,994,1397,1424]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
tall.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFC0FFD1FCF157AC3615FA4D" blockId="61.[813,1455,1365,1519]" pageId="61" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC0FFD1FCF157AC3020FA6C" bold="true" box="[813,878,1460,1486]" pageId="61" pageNumber="60">Twigs</emphasis>
sparsely appressed-pubescent, the hairs
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC0FFD1FAF657AD36E1FA6D" box="[1322,1455,1461,1487]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="0.2" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.1">0.1-0.3 mm</quantity>
long, soon glabrate; nodes with one axillary branch.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFC0FFD1FCF1540C36E5F82F" blockId="61.[813,1455,1556,1934]" pageId="61" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC0FFD1FCF1540C3039F98C" bold="true" box="[813,887,1556,1582]" pageId="61" pageNumber="60">Leaves</emphasis>
with larger blades 10.4-14.0 cm long, 3.7-5.0 cm wide, subcoriaceous, concolorous or slightly discolorous and brownish green adaxially, reddish brown abaxially, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, apex acuminate, the acumen
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC0FFD1FACB546C363EF92D" box="[1303,1392,1652,1679]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="5.0">5-9 mm</quantity>
long, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, decurrent on petiole, margin flat or slightly recurved, glabrous but densely verrucose adaxially, sparsely appressed-pubescent and soon glabrate abaxially; midrib darkened toward base adaxially, secondary veins brochidodromous, 15-18 per side, diverging at 60-90° from midrib, these and higher-order veins slightly raised or indistinct adaxially, raised and distinct abaxially; petiole
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC0FFD1FA8B554C36E1F8CC" box="[1367,1455,1876,1902]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="4.0">4-8 mm</quantity>
long, canaliculate, wrinkled, sparsely pubescent to glabrate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFC0FFD1FCF155AB36E1F84F" blockId="61.[813,1455,1971,2030]" pageId="61" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC0FFD1FCF155AB3089F86F" bold="true" box="[813,967,1971,1997]" pageId="61" pageNumber="60">Inflorescences</emphasis>
axillary, 1-flowered, not pedunculate, densely pubescent; pedicels 2.0-
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC0FFD1FBE655CB37DBF84C" box="[1082,1173,2003,2030]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="61" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
long, 1.6-2.0 mm thick;
</paragraph>
<caption id="9DAB663AFFC3FFD2FF3E55C1361AF849" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3877260" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3877260" box="[226,1364,2009,2028]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3877260/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[132,1455,207,1992]" targetPageId="62">
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFC3FFD2FF3E55C1361AF849" blockId="62.[226,1364,2009,2028]" box="[226,1364,2009,2028]" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">
FIG. 22. — Plate including illustration of
<taxonomicName id="0ED44D31FFC3FFD2FDF055C130D1F849" authority="Cavaco &amp; Keraudren" authorityName="Cavaco &amp; Keraudren" authorityYear="1956" box="[556,927,2009,2027]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="62" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fananehanensis">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC3FFD2FDF055C131A0F849" box="[556,750,2009,2027]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">Xylopia fananehanensis</emphasis>
Cavaco &amp; Keraudren
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC3FFD2FC7555C23086F84E" bold="true" box="[937,968,2009,2028]" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">A -F</emphasis>
), reproduced from
<bibRefCitation id="AD454B43FFC3FFD2FBB455C1361EF849" author="Cavaco &amp; Keraudren" box="[1128,1360,2009,2027]" firstAuthor="Cavaco" pageId="62" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref88020" refString="CAVACO A. &amp; KERAUDREN M. 1958. - 78 e Famille: Annonacees, in HUMBERT H. (ed.), Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. Typographie Firmin-Didot et Cie, Paris: 1 - 109 + pl. 1 - 24. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 9258792" type="book chapter" year="1958">Cavaco &amp; Keraudren (1958)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFC2FFD3FF5852C1322BFEB1" blockId="63.[132,774,217,275]" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">
bracts not seen; buds linear-lanceolate, apex acute, slightly falciform (
<figureCitation id="51EF2A37FFC2FFD3FF2A52E13216FEB1" box="[246,344,249,275]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="48.[132,143,1896,1914]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[698,1267,786,1360]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIG. 16. — A, Fruit of X. australis, sp. nov. (Rakotovao 4575); B, flower of X. bemarivensis Diels (Nusbaumer 8139); C, flower bud of X. galokothamna, sp. nov. (Ratovoson 2065); D, fruit of X. galokothamna, sp. nov. (Ratovoson 2065); E, fruit of plant resembling X. galokothamna, sp. nov., but with different pericarp pattern (see text) (Buerki 20); F, monocarps and leafy shoots of X. lastelliana Baill. (Rakotovao 4603); G, flowers of X. australis, sp. nov. (Schatz 2641); H, monocarps of X. kalabenonensis D.M.Johnson, Deroin, &amp; Callmander (Razafitsalama et al. 1041). Photos: A, F, C. Rakotovao; B, L. Nusbaumer; C, D, F. Ratovoson; E, M. W. Callmander; G, G. E. Schatz; H, J. Razafitsalama. A, C-H, used under the terms of the Creative Commons license for Tropicos, the botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden; B, L. Nusbaumer (© Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3877248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3877248/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">Fig. 16C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFC2FFD3FF58532032FFFE31" blockId="63.[132,775,312,403]" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC2FFD3FF5853203386FEF0" bold="true" box="[132,200,312,338]" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">Sepals</emphasis>
spreading at anthesis,
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC2FFD3FE6953223288FEF1" box="[437,454,314,339]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">c.</emphasis>
1/3-connate,
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC2FFD3FD9753213185FEF1" box="[587,715,313,340]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="2.9" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.3">2.3-3.5 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC2FFD3FF585341324BFED1" box="[132,261,345,372]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="4.15" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.8">3.8-4.5 mm</quantity>
wide, coriaceous, broadly triangular, apex acute, densely pubescent abaxially.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFC2FFD3FF5853A0316BFCF3" blockId="63.[132,775,440,850]" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC2FFD3FF5853A03387FE70" bold="true" box="[132,201,440,466]" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">Petals</emphasis>
yellow
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC2FFD3FEFB53A13238FE70" box="[295,374,441,466]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">in vivo</emphasis>
; outer petals slightly spreading at anthesis,
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC2FFD3FF3353C1324FFE50" box="[239,257,473,498]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC2FFD3FED653C03213FE51" box="[266,349,472,499]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC2FFD3FE7553C0317CFE51" box="[425,562,472,499]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="5.9" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="5.15" valueMax="5.9" valueMin="4.4">4.4-5.9 mm</quantity>
wide at base, 2.7- 3.0 mm wide at midpoint, slightly fleshy, linear-lanceolate, keeled on apical ¼ but otherwise flat adaxially, weakly keeled abaxially, apex obtuse, densely puberulent except for the glabrous base adaxially, densely appressed-pubescent abaxially; inner petals with apices spreading at anthesis,
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC2FFD3FF5850803266FD10" box="[132,296,664,690]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.21" metricValueMax="1.28" metricValueMin="1.14" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="12.1" valueMax="12.8" valueMin="11.4">11.4-12.8 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC2FFD3FEAC508F32B9FD10" box="[368,503,663,690]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="3.4" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.3">3.3-3.5 mm</quantity>
wide at base,
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC2FFD3FD49508031E9FD13" box="[661,679,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC2FFD3FD7250803048FD10" box="[686,774,664,690]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
wide at midpoint, slightly fleshy, linear-lanceolate, keeled on apical 1/2 adaxially, keeled abaxially, apex acute, base concave with undifferentiated margin, densely puberulent except for glabrous base on both surfaces, with a band of papillae across widest point adaxially.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFC2FFD3FF58516E3046FBD2" blockId="63.[132,776,886,1136]" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC2FFD3FF58516E33AFFC32" bold="true" box="[132,225,886,912]" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">Stamens</emphasis>
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC2FFD3FF35516033B7FC33" box="[233,249,888,913]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">c.</emphasis>
170; fertile stamens 1.5-2.0 mm long, narrowly oblong, anther connective apex
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC2FFD3FE0A518F3118FC13" box="[470,598,919,945]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.3">0.3-0.4 mm</quantity>
long, capitate to slightly conical, overhanging anther thecae, papillate, anthers 12-14-locellate, filament
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC2FFD3FE4C51CE3141FC53" box="[400,527,982,1009]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.5">0.5-0.7 mm</quantity>
long; outer staminodes
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long, clavate or narrowly oblong, apex obtuse; inner staminodes
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC2FFD3FE9B560E3284FB93" box="[327,458,1046,1073]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.1">1.1-1.4 mm</quantity>
long, oblong, apex rounded; staminal cone
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC2FFD3FEC5562F3264FBF2" box="[281,298,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">c.</emphasis>
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in diameter,
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC2FFD3FDDB562F3156FBF2" box="[519,536,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC2FFD3FDC0562E3121FBF3" box="[540,623,1078,1105]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
high, concealing all but the apices of the ovaries, rim irregularly laciniate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFC2FFD3FF58568D3046FB72" blockId="63.[132,776,1173,1232]" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC2FFD3FF58568D3398FB0D" bold="true" box="[132,214,1173,1199]" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">Carpels</emphasis>
5-7; ovaries &lt;
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long, oblong, pubescent, stigmas connivent,
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long, narrowly clavate, with a few hairs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFC2FFD3FF5856ED3046F9AD" blockId="63.[132,776,1269,1551]" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC2FFD3FF5856ED33F5FAAD" bold="true" box="[132,187,1269,1295]" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">Fruit</emphasis>
of up to 3 monocarps borne on a pedicel
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long,
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC2FFD3FF58570E33BFFA92" box="[132,241,1302,1328]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="3.35" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="3.0">3-3.7 mm</quantity>
thick, sparsely pubescent; torus
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC2FFD3FD91570D31EAFA92" box="[589,676,1301,1328]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5-6 mm</quantity>
in diameter,
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high, ovoid; monocarps with yellow exterior
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC2FFD3FF58574E3385FACD" box="[132,203,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">in vivo</emphasis>
,
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long, 2.0-
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wide, (0.7-)
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thick, oblong or ovoid, not torulose to slightly torulose, apex rounded to a broad beak
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long, base contracted into a stipe
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC2FFD3FF1157AD326AFA6D" box="[205,292,1461,1488]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4-5 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC2FFD3FEBA57AD32A9FA6D" box="[358,487,1461,1487]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="3.8" valueMax="4.8" valueMin="2.8">2.8-4.8 mm</quantity>
thick, verrucose, obliquely wrinkled and with a narrow ridge encircling the monocarp lengthwise, dull, finely pubescent; pericarp 1.0-2.0 mm thick.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFC2FFD3FF58542C31BDF94C" blockId="63.[132,775,1588,1774]" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC2FFD3FF58542C338FF9EC" bold="true" box="[132,193,1588,1614]" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">Seeds</emphasis>
up to 5 per monocarp, in a single row, oblique to perpendicular to long axis,
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long,
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC2FFD3FDB5544C3049F9CD" box="[617,775,1620,1647]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.255" metricValueMax="1.33" metricValueMin="1.18" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="12.55" valueMax="13.3" valueMin="11.8">11.8-13.3 mm</quantity>
wide,
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thick, ovoid, sometimes slightly flattened, broadly elliptic to semicircular in cross-section, light yellowbrown, smooth, dull, perichalazal ring visible as a flat darkened band; presence of sarcotesta not determinable; aril absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81CE6539FFC2FFD3FF58550B36E1FB33" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFC2FFD3FF58550B3380F88E" blockId="63.[132,775,1811,2030]" box="[132,206,1811,1837]" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">NOTES</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFC2FFD3FF58552B3663FED1" blockId="63.[132,775,1811,2030]" lastBlockId="63.[813,1456,217,1169]" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="0ED44D31FFC2FFD3FF58552B3225F8EF" authority="Johnson &amp; Murray, 2020" authorityName="D. M. Johnson &amp; N. A. Murray" authorityYear="2020" box="[132,363,1843,1869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="galokothamna" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC2FFD3FF58552B3225F8EF" box="[132,363,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">Xylopia galokothamna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E09357DBFFC2FFD3FEA4552C3282F8EC" box="[376,460,1844,1870]" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, is one of the few
<collectingCountry id="B1C37622FFC2FFD3FD5B552B3049F8EF" box="[647,775,1843,1869]" name="Madagascar" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="0ED44D31FFC2FFD3FF58554B339AF8CF" box="[132,212,1875,1901]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC2FFD3FF58554B339AF8CF" box="[132,212,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">Xylopia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with a shrub habit. It is part of the species group with clavate stigmas and often relatively broad petals, and within that group stands out by the combination of short thick flower pedicels, distinct beak and stipe on the fruits, and the broad seeds. It occurs in the same gen- eral region of
<collectingCountry id="B1C37622FFC2FFD3FC0E52C13716FF51" box="[978,1112,217,243]" name="Madagascar" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
as
<taxonomicName id="0ED44D31FFC2FFD3FB5C52C23640FF51" authority="Johnson &amp; Murray, 2020" authorityName="D. M. Johnson &amp; N. A. Murray" authorityYear="2020" box="[1152,1294,217,243]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lokobensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC2FFD3FB5C52C23640FF51" box="[1152,1294,217,243]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">X. lokobensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E09357DBFFC2FFD3FAC352C23635FF56" box="[1311,1403,218,244]" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, but leaf shape, pedicel length, and habit distinguish the two species. The
<typeStatus id="166F8810FFC2FFD3FC6B530230A9FE96" box="[951,999,282,308]" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">type</typeStatus>
specimen was one of several identified as “
<taxonomicName id="0ED44D31FFC2FFD3FCE4532130C6FEF1" box="[824,904,313,339]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC2FFD3FCE4532130C6FEF1" box="[824,904,313,339]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">Xylopia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
<taxonomicName id="0ED44D31FFC2FFD3FC6B532137CAFEF1" authority="in Stull et al. (2017)" authorityName="Cavaco &amp; Keraudren" authorityYear="1956" box="[951,1156,313,339]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fananehanensis">
aff.
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC2FFD3FC3E532137CAFEF1" box="[994,1156,313,339]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">fananehanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” in
<bibRefCitation id="AD454B43FFC2FFD3FB6A53213635FEF1" author="Stull" box="[1206,1403,313,339]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Stull" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" pagination="211 - 225" refId="ref91604" refString="STULL G. W., JOHNSON D. M., MURRAY N. A., COUVREUR T. L. P., REEGER J. E. &amp; ROY C. M. 2017. - Plastid and seed morphology data support a revised infrageneric classification and an African origin of the pantropical genus Xylopia (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany 42 (2): 211 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364417 X 695484" type="journal article" year="2017">
Stull
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC2FFD3FB2D53223669FEF1" box="[1265,1319,313,339]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
that are recognized in this work as distinct species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFC2FFD3FC9F536136E1FB33" blockId="63.[813,1456,217,1169]" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">
The type and
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collections have monocarps that are finely pubescent, with a pericarp
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thick. Three additional specimens collected from the same general area of the Galoka Mountains have in common the shrub habit, relatively large seeds, and a broad beak and stipe of the monocarps:
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC2FFD3FC6A50003713FD90" box="[950,1117,536,562]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">Buerki et al. 20</emphasis>
(MO), Diana Region, Chaîne Galoka, Mont Galoka, Anketrabe-Belinta, Ambilobe, Beramanja, Camp Bilahy,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="ACE05075FFC2FFD3FB165040361EFDD0" box="[1226,1360,600,626]" degrees="48" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" precision="15" seconds="42" value="48.728333">48°43’42”E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC2FFD3FA81504036E4FDD0" box="[1373,1450,600,626]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.28" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="928.0">928 m</quantity>
,
<date id="BD6A1072FFC2FFD3FCF1506030E9FD31" box="[813,935,632,659]" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" value="2005-02-23">23.II.2005</date>
(fr.);
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC2FFD3FC30506037AAFD30" box="[1004,1252,632,658]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">Callmander et al. 720</emphasis>
(MO), Ambanja, commune Beramanja,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="ACE05075FFC2FFD3FB1950803603FD10" box="[1221,1357,664,690]" degrees="48" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" precision="15" seconds="09" value="48.669167">48°40’09”E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC2FFD3FA87508F36E4FD10" box="[1371,1450,663,690]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.18" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="518.0">518 m</quantity>
,
<date id="BD6A1072FFC2FFD3FCF150A030E1FD70" box="[813,943,696,722]" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" value="2007-11-22">22.XI.2007</date>
(fr.);
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC2FFD3FC2C50AF3791FD70" box="[1008,1247,695,722]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">Rakotovao et al. 3823</emphasis>
(MO). Ambilobe, Beramanja, Anketrabe, village le plus proche Antanambao Belinta,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="ACE05075FFC2FFD3FC2150EF37CAFCB3" box="[1021,1156,759,785]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" precision="15" seconds="10" value="-13.652778">13°39’10”S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="ACE05075FFC2FFD3FB4E50EF3652FCB3" box="[1170,1308,759,785]" degrees="48" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" precision="15" seconds="29" value="48.674725">48°40’29”E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="BD6A1072FFC2FFD3FAF650EF36E1FCB3" box="[1322,1455,759,785]" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" value="2007-11-28">28.XI.2007</date>
(fr.). All of these specimens, however, have monocarps that are glabrous, more elongate (up to
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFC2FFD3FB2B5120367EFCF0" box="[1271,1328,824,850]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
long), and strongly torulose (
<figureCitation id="51EF2A37FFC2FFD3FC25514F3713FCD0" box="[1017,1117,855,882]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="48.[132,143,1896,1914]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[698,1267,786,1360]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIG. 16. — A, Fruit of X. australis, sp. nov. (Rakotovao 4575); B, flower of X. bemarivensis Diels (Nusbaumer 8139); C, flower bud of X. galokothamna, sp. nov. (Ratovoson 2065); D, fruit of X. galokothamna, sp. nov. (Ratovoson 2065); E, fruit of plant resembling X. galokothamna, sp. nov., but with different pericarp pattern (see text) (Buerki 20); F, monocarps and leafy shoots of X. lastelliana Baill. (Rakotovao 4603); G, flowers of X. australis, sp. nov. (Schatz 2641); H, monocarps of X. kalabenonensis D.M.Johnson, Deroin, &amp; Callmander (Razafitsalama et al. 1041). Photos: A, F, C. Rakotovao; B, L. Nusbaumer; C, D, F. Ratovoson; E, M. W. Callmander; G, G. E. Schatz; H, J. Razafitsalama. A, C-H, used under the terms of the Creative Commons license for Tropicos, the botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden; B, L. Nusbaumer (© Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3877248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3877248/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">Figs 16E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="51EF2A37FFC2FFD3FBB5514F37EDFCD0" box="[1129,1187,855,882]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="64.[132,143,1457,1475]" captionTargetBox="[164,1441,218,1429]" captionTargetId="figure@64.[132,1455,215,1430]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIG. 23. — Xylopia lokobensis, sp. nov., and X. galokothamna, sp. nov. A-E, X. lokobensis, sp. nov.: A, petiole and base of leaf blade; B, leaf; C, fruit, side view; D, seed, side view; E, flower, side view. F-N, X. galokothamna, sp. nov.: F, outer petal, adaxial view; G, inner petal, adaxial view; H, habit, with fruit; I, petiole and base of leaf blade; J, outer staminode, abaxial view; K, fertile stamen,abaxial view;L, stigmas with adhering inner staminodes,side view; M, monocarp; N, seed, side view. A, D, E, from Antilahimena 340 (P); B, from Antilahimena 340 (MO); C, from Birkinshaw 186 (OWU); F, G, J, K, L, from Callmander et al. 585 (P); I, from Callmander et al. 585 (MO); H, N, from Callmander et al. 585 (OWU); M, from Buerki et al. 20 (MO). Scale bars: A, E-G, I, 5 mm; B-D, H, M, N, 1 cm; J-L, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3877262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3877262/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">23M</figureCitation>
), with the pericarp only
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thick; the labels of all three specimens indicate that the monocarps are tinged with red and the label of
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC2FFD3FCF151AF30D6FC73" box="[813,920,951,977]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">Buerki 20</emphasis>
describes the seeds as orange. The leaves of these specimens are more lanceolate, glabrous to glabrate, and lack the verrucose adaxial surface. Given the degree of disparity in the fruit, and to a lesser extent the vegetative features, we exclude these specimens as
<typeStatus id="166F8810FFC2FFD3FBBC562F3787FBF3" box="[1120,1225,1079,1105]" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="0ED44D31FFC2FFD3FB2C562F36E6FBF2" authority="Johnson &amp; Murray, 2020" authorityName="D. M. Johnson &amp; N. A. Murray" authorityYear="2020" box="[1264,1448,1078,1104]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="galokothamna" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFC2FFD3FB2C562F36E6FBF2" box="[1264,1448,1078,1104]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="62">X. galokothamna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E09357DBFFC2FFD3FCF1564F30CAFBD3" box="[813,900,1111,1137]" pageId="63" pageNumber="62" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, but draw attention to the similarities and the fact that additional collections are needed to resolve their status.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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