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<mods:title id="0FDDBA91E80C6702E867D552BDD41472">A new integrated morpho- and molecular systematic classification of Cenozoic radiolarians (Class Polycystinea) - suprageneric taxonomy and logical nomenclatorial acts</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="671FAD992E2456D020DF622769F4CDD9">Suzuki, Noritoshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FAB964618706101F6F4F879F8E6303D1">Caulet, Jean-Pierre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9953EE4FA889688DBDA52FC1ABDE87BB">Dumitrica, Paulian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="98DB4997FA878EA1A7756B1D385AF910">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<subSection id="E2AB728EFFA2FE0305ADFE46FD544A3A" pageId="54" pageNumber="457" type="multiple">
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<treatment id="038DDA73FFA2FE0305ADFE46FD544A3A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5106751" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183733808" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5106751" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038DDA73FFA2FE0305ADFE46FD544A3A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038DDA73FFA2FE0305ADFE46FD544A3A" lastPageNumber="457" pageId="54" pageNumber="457">
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<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFFA2FE0305ADFE46FD864EBD" pageId="54" pageNumber="457" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFA2FE0305ADFE46FD864EBD" blockId="54.[152,755,407,465]" pageId="54" pageNumber="457">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFA2FE0305DCFE49FD864EBD" authority="Dumitrica in De Wever, Dumitrica, Caulet, Nigrini & Caridroit, 2001" authorityName="Dumitrica in De Wever, Dumitrica, Caulet, Nigrini & Caridroit" authorityYear="2001" class="Polycystinea" family="Entapiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="54" pageNumber="457" phylum="Retaria" rank="family">
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ENTAPIIDAE Dumitrica
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<emphasis id="B950B777FFA2FE0304D2FE49FE044EDD" box="[487,509,408,433]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="457">in</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFA2FE030736FE49FD864EBD" author="DE WEVER P. & DUMITRICA P. & CAULET J. P. & NIGRINI C. & CARIDROIT M." pageId="54" pageNumber="457" refId="ref173394" refString="DE WEVER P., DUMITRICA P., CAULET J. P., NIGRINI C. & CARIDROIT M. 2001. - Radiolarians in the sedimentary record, Amsterdam, 533 p. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781482283181" type="book" year="2001">De Wever, Dumitrica, Caulet, Nigrini & Caridroit, 2001</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFFA2FE0305B1FE20FF084D03" pageId="54" pageNumber="457" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFA2FE0305B1FE20FE7F4D48" blockId="54.[132,775,497,548]" pageId="54" pageNumber="457">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFA2FE0305B1FE20FE7B4D48" authority="Dumitrica in De Wever, Dumitrica, Caulet, Nigrini & Caridroit, 2001: 118 - 119" authorityName="Dumitrica in De Wever, Dumitrica, Caulet, Nigrini & Caridroit" authorityYear="2001" class="Polycystinea" family="Entapiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="54" pageNumber="457" phylum="Retaria" rank="family">
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Entapiidae Dumitrica
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<emphasis id="B950B777FFA2FE03046AFE23FE8A4D65" box="[351,371,498,521]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="457">in</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFA2FE03044CFE23FE7B4D48" author="DE WEVER P. & DUMITRICA P. & CAULET J. P. & NIGRINI C. & CARIDROIT M." pageId="54" pageNumber="457" refId="ref173394" refString="DE WEVER P., DUMITRICA P., CAULET J. P., NIGRINI C. & CARIDROIT M. 2001. - Radiolarians in the sedimentary record, Amsterdam, 533 p. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781482283181" type="book" year="2001">De Wever, Dumitrica, Caulet, Nigrini & Caridroit, 2001: 118-119</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFA2FE0305B1FDEDFF084D03" blockId="54.[132,775,572,623]" pageId="54" pageNumber="457">
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Entapiinae –
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFA2FE030432FDEDFDE84D38" author="AFANASIEVA M. S. & AMON E. O. & AGARKOV Y. V. & BOLTOVSKOY D. S." box="[263,529,572,596]" pageId="54" pageNumber="457" pagination="135 - 392" refId="ref165638" refString="AFANASIEVA M. S., AMON E. O., AGARKOV Y. V. & BOLTOVSKOY D. S. 2005. - Radiolarians in the geological record. Paleontological Journal 39 (3, Suppl. S.): 135 - 392." type="book chapter" year="2005">
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Afanasieva
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<emphasis id="B950B777FFA2FE030441FDECFE5A4D38" box="[372,419,572,596]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="457">et al.</emphasis>
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2005: 273
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</bibRefCitation>
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. —
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFA2FE03070EFDEDFF144D03" author="AFANASIEVA M. S. & AMON E. O." pageId="54" pageNumber="457" pagination="467" refId="ref165589" refString="AFANASIEVA M. S. & AMON E. O. 2006. - Biotic crises and stages of radiolarian evolution in the Phanerozoic. Paleontological Journal 40 (4): S 453 - S 467. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030106100054" type="journal article" year="2006">Afanasieva & Amon, 2006: 110</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFFA2FE0305B1FD59FEC44DB8" pageId="54" pageNumber="457" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFA2FE0305B1FD59FEC44DB8" blockId="54.[132,775,647,724]" pageId="54" pageNumber="457">
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<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FFA2FE0305B1FD59FF4C4DF1" box="[132,181,648,671]" pageId="54" pageNumber="457">TYPE</typeStatus>
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GENUS. —
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFA2FE03041BFD59FD344DF3" authority="Sanfilippo & Riedel, 1973: 491" authorityName="Sanfilippo & Riedel" authorityPageNumber="491" authorityYear="1973" box="[302,717,647,671]" class="Polycystinea" family="Entapiidae" genus="Entapium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="54" pageNumber="457" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B950B777FFA2FE03041BFD59FE754DF3" box="[302,396,648,671]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="457">Entapium</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFA2FE0304A7FD56FD344DF3" author="SANFILIPPO A. & RIEDEL W. R." box="[402,717,647,671]" pageId="54" pageNumber="457" pagination="475 - 611" refId="ref195369" refString="SANFILIPPO A. & RIEDEL W. R. 1973. - Cenozoic Radiolaria (exclusive of theoperids, artostrobiids and amphipyndacids) from the Gulf of Mexico, DSDP Leg 10, in WORZEL J. L., BRYANT W. et al. (eds), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 10. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.: 475 - 611. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 10.119.1973" type="book chapter" year="1973">Sanfilippo & Riedel, 1973: 491</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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[
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<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FFA2FE0307EEFD59FCFE4DCC" box="[731,775,648,672]" pageId="54" pageNumber="457">type</typeStatus>
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species by original designation:
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFA2FE0304FCFD73FECF4DB8" authority="Sanfilippo & Riedel, 1973: 492" authorityName="Sanfilippo & Riedel" authorityPageNumber="492" authorityYear="1973" class="Polycystinea" family="Entapiidae" genus="Entapium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="54" pageNumber="457" phylum="Retaria" rank="species" species="regulare">
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<emphasis id="B950B777FFA2FE0304FCFD73FD844DD6" box="[457,637,674,698]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="457">Entapium regulare</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFA2FE0307B1FD73FECF4DB8" author="SANFILIPPO A. & RIEDEL W. R." pageId="54" pageNumber="457" pagination="475 - 611" refId="ref195369" refString="SANFILIPPO A. & RIEDEL W. R. 1973. - Cenozoic Radiolaria (exclusive of theoperids, artostrobiids and amphipyndacids) from the Gulf of Mexico, DSDP Leg 10, in WORZEL J. L., BRYANT W. et al. (eds), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 10. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.: 475 - 611. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 10.119.1973" type="book chapter" year="1973">Sanfilippo & Riedel, 1973: 492</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFFA2FE0305B1FD3CFCFB4C69" box="[132,770,749,773]" pageId="54" pageNumber="457" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFA2FE0305B1FD3CFCFB4C69" blockId="54.[132,770,749,773]" box="[132,770,749,773]" pageId="54" pageNumber="457">
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INCLUDED GENUS. —
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFA2FE030454FD3FFD074C69" authority="Sanfilippo & Riedel, 1973: 491" authorityName="Sanfilippo & Riedel" authorityPageNumber="491" authorityYear="1973" box="[353,766,749,773]" class="Polycystinea" family="Entapiidae" genus="Entapium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="54" pageNumber="457" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B950B777FFA2FE030454FD3FFE464C69" box="[353,447,750,773]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="457">Entapium</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFA2FE0304F3FD3CFD074C69" author="SANFILIPPO A. & RIEDEL W. R." box="[454,766,749,773]" pageId="54" pageNumber="457" pagination="475 - 611" refId="ref195369" refString="SANFILIPPO A. & RIEDEL W. R. 1973. - Cenozoic Radiolaria (exclusive of theoperids, artostrobiids and amphipyndacids) from the Gulf of Mexico, DSDP Leg 10, in WORZEL J. L., BRYANT W. et al. (eds), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 10. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.: 475 - 611. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 10.119.1973" type="book chapter" year="1973">Sanfilippo & Riedel, 1973: 491</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFFA2FE0305B1FCCFFF2A4CA3" pageId="54" pageNumber="457" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFA2FE0305B1FCCFFD4B4CE9" blockId="54.[131,776,797,901]" pageId="54" pageNumber="457">DIAGNOSIS. — Skeleton consists of two shells. The innermost shell has a pyriform shape and the outer shell is latticed and spherical. Three to six radial bladed beams penetrate the outer shell to form bladed radial spines. No fine radial beams were observed.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFA2FE0305B1FC4CFF2A4CA3" blockId="54.[132,775,925,975]" pageId="54" pageNumber="457">STRATIGRAPHIC OCCURRENCE. — Middle Paleocene-early Middle Eocene.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFFA2FE0305B1FC2CFD544A3A" pageId="54" pageNumber="457" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFA2FE0305B1FC2CFF114B79" blockId="54.[130,777,1021,1366]" box="[132,232,1021,1047]" pageId="54" pageNumber="457">REMARKS</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FFA2FE0305B1FBCCFD544A3A" blockId="54.[130,777,1021,1366]" pageId="54" pageNumber="457">
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The internal skeletal structure for
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFA2FE0304C9FBCFFD9D4B5B" authorityName="Sanfilippo & Riedel" authorityYear="1973" box="[508,612,1054,1079]" class="Polycystinea" family="Entapiidae" genus="Entapium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="54" pageNumber="457" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B950B777FFA2FE0304C9FBCFFD9D4B5B" box="[508,612,1054,1079]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="457">Entapium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was illustrated (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFA2FE0305B8FBECFE2C4B3B" author="NAKASEKO K. & NISHIMURA A." box="[141,469,1085,1111]" pageId="54" pageNumber="457" pagination="91 - 244" refId="ref188223" refString="NAKASEKO K. & NISHIMURA A. 1982. - Radiolaria from the bottom sediments of the Bellingshausen Basin in the Antarctic Sea, Report of the Technology Research Center, Japan National Oil Corporation, 91 - 244 p." type="book chapter" year="1982">Nakaseko & Nishimura 1982</bibRefCitation>
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: pl. 22, fig. 6?;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFA2FE0307A1FBECFF454B1B" author="NISHIMURA A." pageId="54" pageNumber="457" pagination="293 - 320" refId="ref188952" refString="NISHIMURA A. 2001. - Paleocene Radiolarians from DSDP Leg 43, Site 384 in the Northwest Atlantic. News of Osaka Micropaleontologists, special Volume 12: 293 - 320. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2001">Nishimura 2001</bibRefCitation>
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; pl. 1, fig. 13;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFA2FE030457FB8CFD824B1B" author="SANFILIPPO A. & RIEDEL W. R." box="[354,635,1117,1143]" pageId="54" pageNumber="457" pagination="475 - 611" refId="ref195369" refString="SANFILIPPO A. & RIEDEL W. R. 1973. - Cenozoic Radiolaria (exclusive of theoperids, artostrobiids and amphipyndacids) from the Gulf of Mexico, DSDP Leg 10, in WORZEL J. L., BRYANT W. et al. (eds), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 10. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.: 475 - 611. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 10.119.1973" type="book chapter" year="1973">Sanfilippo & Riedel 1973</bibRefCitation>
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: pls 23, 24). However,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFA2FE0305C3FBACFE984BFA" authorityName="Sanfilippo & Riedel" authorityYear="1973" box="[246,353,1149,1174]" class="Polycystinea" family="Entapiidae" genus="Entapium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="54" pageNumber="457" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B950B777FFA2FE0305C3FBACFE984BFA" box="[246,353,1149,1174]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="457">Entapium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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showed an outward migration of the medullary shell towards the cortical shell which ultimately tends to disappear.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FFA2FE030461FB6DFDEE4BBB" author="O'CONNOR B." box="[340,535,1212,1239]" pageId="54" pageNumber="457" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref189424" refString="O'CONNOR B. 1999. - Radiolaria from the Late Eocene Oamaru Diatomite, South Island, New Zealand. Micropaleontology 45 (1): 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1486201" type="journal article" year="1999">O’Connor (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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coined the new genus name
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFA2FE0305F0FB0DFEAB4B9A" authorityName="O'Connor" authorityYear="1999" box="[197,338,1244,1270]" class="Polycystinea" family="Entapiidae" genus="Zealithapium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="54" pageNumber="457" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B950B777FFA2FE0305F0FB0DFEAB4B9A" box="[197,338,1244,1270]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="457">Zealithapium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but this latter genus is not an
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFA2FE0307B9FB0DFCFD4B9A" authorityName="Dumitrica in De Wever, Dumitrica, Caulet, Nigrini & Caridroit" authorityYear="2001" box="[652,772,1244,1270]" class="Polycystinea" family="Entapiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="54" pageNumber="457" phylum="Retaria" rank="family">Entapiidae</taxonomicName>
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. The numerous radial spines similar to those of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FFA2FE030754FB2DFCFC4A7A" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[609,773,1276,1302]" class="Polycystinea" family="Stylosphaeridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="54" pageNumber="457" phylum="Retaria" rank="family">Stylosphaeridae</taxonomicName>
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morphotypes were observed, but the characteristics of these radial spines are different between the two families.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</subSection>
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</document>
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