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<mods:title id="5E4621FE9DA29D4A3B5F64AE5FA3E817">New Amphicyonids (Mammalia, Carnivora) from Moghra, Early Miocene, Egypt</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03B11C736C5DFFFCE2D48998FA002D26" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3703958" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162382206" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3703958" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B11C736C5DFFFCE2D48998FA002D26" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B11C736C5DFFFCE2D48998FA002D26" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="740" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">
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<subSubSection id="C302FEEE6C5DFFFEE2D48998FA9B2BA5" box="[936,1332,727,754]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="D0EF1A096C5DFFFEE2D48998FA9B2BA5" box="[936,1332,727,754]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="738" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5DFFFEE2D48998FA9B2BA5" authority="(Schinz, 1825)" authorityName="Morales et al." authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[936,1332,727,754]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C5DFFFEE2D48998FB222BA6" bold="true" box="[936,1165,727,754]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">Amphicyon giganteus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5DFFFEE5E78998FA832BA5" author="SCHINZ H. R." box="[1179,1324,727,754]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738" refId="ref14657" refString="SCHINZ H. R. 1825. - Das Thierreich eingetheilt nach dem Bau der Thiere als Grundlage ihrer Naturgeschiechte und der vergleichenden Anatomie von dem Herrn Ritter von Cuvier. Volume 4. Stuttgart and Tubingen, 792 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 120160" type="book" year="1825">Schinz, 1825</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C302FEEE6C5DFFFEE53A89B8FB892A26" pageId="9" pageNumber="738" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C5DFFFEE53A89B8FB392A45" blockId="9.[936,1332,727,786]" box="[1094,1174,759,786]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1323B1E06C5DFFFEE53289B8FB222A46" box="[1102,1165,759,785]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[168,179,1293,1311]" captionTargetBox="[197,1392,215,1249]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[156,1441,152,1470]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — CUWM 53, Moghra, Early Miocene, Amphicyon giganteus (Schinz, 1825): A, lingual view; B, occlusal view; C, labial view. Scale bar: 100 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695851/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C5DFFFEE2518877FB892A26" blockId="9.[813,1455,823,881]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">In the synonym list, only first description and citations of the African record is given.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB088A4B6C5DFFFEE25188C6FA8B2D2E" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">
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<subSubSection id="C302FEEE6C5DFFFEE25188C6FAFB2D1D" pageId="9" pageNumber="738" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C5DFFFEE25188C6FBD02AF7" blockId="9.[813,1151,904,928]" box="[813,1151,904,928]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C5DFFFEE25188C6FCCC2AF7" box="[813,867,905,928]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">Canis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB98B746C5DFFFEE21588C6FBD42AF7" author="SCHINZ H. R." box="[873,1147,904,928]" page="342" pageId="9" pageNumber="738" year="1825">
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<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5DFFFEE21588C6FBD42AF7" authority="Schinz, 1825: 342" authorityName="Schinz" authorityPageNumber="342" authorityYear="1825" box="[873,1147,904,928]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C5DFFFEE21588C6FC112AF7" box="[873,958,905,928]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">giganteus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5DFFFEE2B988C7FBD42AF7" author="SCHINZ H. R." box="[965,1147,904,928]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738" refId="ref14657" refString="SCHINZ H. R. 1825. - Das Thierreich eingetheilt nach dem Bau der Thiere als Grundlage ihrer Naturgeschiechte und der vergleichenden Anatomie von dem Herrn Ritter von Cuvier. Volume 4. Stuttgart and Tubingen, 792 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 120160" type="book" year="1825">Schinz, 1825: 342</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C5DFFFEE25188F7FA262A87" blockId="9.[813,1417,952,976]" box="[813,1417,952,976]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">
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Canis d’une taille gigantesque –
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB98B746C5DFFFEE51588F7FA972A87" box="[1129,1336,952,976]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5DFFFEE51588F7FB4B2A87" author="CUVIER G." box="[1129,1252,952,976]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738" refId="ref11405" refString="CUVIER G. 1824. - Recherches sur les Ossemens fossils ou l'on retablit les caracteres de plusieurs animaux dont les revolutions du globe ont detruit les especes. 2 nd edition. G. Dufour et E. d'Ocagne, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 122964" type="book" year="1824">Cuvier 1824</bibRefCitation>
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: pl. 193
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 20.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C5DFFFEE25188A8FB0F2D4D" blockId="9.[813,1455,999,1050]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">
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<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5DFFFEE25188A8FC412AA8" authorityName="Schinz" authorityYear="1825" box="[813,1006,999,1023]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C5DFFFEE25188A8FC412AA8" box="[813,1006,999,1023]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">Amphicyon giganteus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB98B746C5DFFFEE57988A7FB3E2AA8" author="KUSS S. E." box="[1029,1169,999,1023]" page="66" pageId="9" pageNumber="738" year="1965">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5DFFFEE57988A7FB3E2AA8" author="KUSS S. E." box="[1029,1169,999,1023]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738" pagination="5 - 168" refId="ref12594" refString="KUSS S. E. 1965. - Revision der europaischen Amphicyoninae (Canidae, Carnivora, Mamm.) ausschliesslich der voroberstampischen Formen. Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften 1: 5 - 168." type="journal article" year="1965">Kuss 1965: 66</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. —
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5DFFFEE5CB88A8FAC12D57" author="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M. & SORIA D. & FRAILE S." box="[1207,1390,999,1024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738" pagination="27 - 40" refId="ref13000" refString="MORALES J., PICKFORD M., SORIA D. & FRAILE S. 1998. - New carnivores from the basal Middle Miocene of Arrisdrift, Namibia. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 91 (1): 27 - 40." type="journal article" year="1998">
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Morales
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C5DFFFEE47688A7FA982AA8" box="[1290,1335,999,1023]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">et al.</emphasis>
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1998
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</bibRefCitation>
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|||
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|
: fig. 7; 2003: 180. —
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB98B746C5DFFFEE2C28F4DFB332D4D" author="JIANGZUO Q. & CHUNXIAO L. & ZHANG X. & WANG S. & SUN D." box="[958,1180,1026,1050]" page="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="738" year="2019">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5DFFFEE2C28F4DFB332D4D" author="JIANGZUO Q. & CHUNXIAO L. & ZHANG X. & WANG S. & SUN D." box="[958,1180,1026,1050]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738" pagination="1539857" refId="ref12481" refString="JIANGZUO Q., CHUNXIAO L., ZHANG X., WANG S. & SUN D. 2019. - A mphicyon zhanxiangi, sp. nov., a new amphicyonid (Mammalia, Carnivora) from northern China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology e 1539857. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2018.1539857" type="book chapter" year="2019">
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Jiangzuo
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<emphasis id="B96C71776C5DFFFEE5658F4CFBE72D4D" box="[1049,1096,1026,1050]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">et al.</emphasis>
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2019: 6
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5DFFFEE2518F7EFC682D1E" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1866" box="[813,967,1073,1097]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Amphicyonidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
gen. et sp. indet. –
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="0AB98B746C5DFFFEE5F48F7EFAE02D1D" box="[1160,1359,1073,1098]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5DFFFEE5F48F7EFAA02D1D" author="HENDEY Q. B." box="[1160,1295,1073,1098]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref12130" refString="HENDEY Q. B. 1978. - Preliminary report on the Miocene vertebrates from Arrisdrift, South West Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 76: 1 - 41. http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 40697468" type="journal article" year="1978">Hendey 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: fig. 4
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C302FEEE6C5DFFFEE2518F2EFA8B2D2E" box="[813,1316,1121,1145]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738" type="description">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C5DFFFEE2518F2EFA8B2D2E" blockId="9.[813,1316,1121,1145]" box="[813,1316,1121,1145]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5DFFFEE2518F2EFBBA2D2E" box="[813,1045,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">Megamphicyon giganteus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
–
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="0AB98B746C5DFFFEE5538F2EFA8F2D2E" box="[1071,1312,1121,1145]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5DFFFEE5538F2EFA8F2D2E" author="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M. & VALENCIANO A." box="[1071,1312,1121,1145]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738" pagination="131 - 150" refId="ref13299" refString="MORALES J., PICKFORD M. & VALENCIANO A. 2016. - Systematics of African Amphicyonidae, with descriptions of new material from Napak (Uganda) and Grillental (Namibia). Journal of Iberian Geology 42 (2): 131 - 150. http: // hdl. handle. net / 10261 / 137042" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
|||
|
|
Morales
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5DFFFEE5FF8F2DFB1D2D2E" box="[1155,1202,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2016: 147
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C302FEEE6C5DFFFEE2518FDFFBC52C74" pageId="9" pageNumber="738" type="materials_examined">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C5DFFFEE2518FDFFA862DFF" blockId="9.[813,1321,1168,1193]" box="[813,1321,1168,1193]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">
|
|||
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B70A7386C5DFFFEE2518FDFFA862DFF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2573304587" box="[813,1321,1168,1193]" country="France" location="Museum d'Orleans" pageId="9" pageNumber="738" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54A313C76C5DFFFEE2518FDFFC392DF1" box="[813,918,1168,1192]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
. — M7753,
|
|||
|
|
<location id="8EC7FBBE6C5DFFFEE5658FDEFB782DFE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B11C736C5DFFFCE2D48998FA002D26:8EC7FBBE6C5DFFFEE5658FDEFB782DFE" box="[1049,1239,1169,1193]" country="France" name="Museum d'Orleans" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">Muséum d’Orléans</location>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30FEDF56C5DFFFEE59D8FDEFA8A2DFF" box="[1249,1317,1169,1192]" name="France" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">France</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C5DFFFEE2518F8FFB2F2D8F" blockId="9.[813,1152,1216,1241]" box="[813,1152,1216,1241]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">
|
|||
|
|
TYPE LOCALITY. — Avaray,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30FEDF56C5DFFFEE54B8F8EFBD42D8F" box="[1079,1147,1217,1240]" name="France" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">France</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C5DFFFEE2518FBFFBC52C74" blockId="9.[813,1455,1264,1315]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">AGE AND HORIZON IN AFRICA. — Late Early Miocene, contemporary to European biozone MN4.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C302FEEE6C5DFFFDE2518E75FAAF2C98" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="739" pageId="9" pageNumber="738" type="description">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C5DFFFEE2518E75FC432CF5" blockId="9.[813,1456,1338,1442]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">
|
|||
|
|
AFRICAN RECORD. — Left P4 (DPC 14532/1), left M1 (DPC 5426), Left M2 (DPC 8981) from
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30FEDF56C5DFFFEE54E8E1AFBC42C3B" box="[1074,1131,1365,1388]" name="Egypt" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5DFFFEE50B8E1AFAB42C3A" author="MORLO M. & MILLER E. R. & BARKOOKY A. N." box="[1143,1307,1364,1389]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738" pagination="145 - 159" refId="ref13359" refString="MORLO M., MILLER E. R. & EL- BARKOOKY A. N. 2007. - Creodonta and Carnivora from Wadi Moghra, Egypt. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 (1): 145 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [145: CACFWM] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
|||
|
|
Morlo
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5DFFFEE5C58E1AFB4A2C3B" box="[1209,1253,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2007
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), PQAD 1520, right mandible fragment from Arrisdrift,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30FEDF56C5DFFFEE5BA8E20FAB42CD0" box="[1222,1307,1391,1415]" name="Namibia" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5DFFFEE4568E20FCCF2CF5" author="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M. & SORIA D. & FRAILE S." pageId="9" pageNumber="738" pagination="27 - 40" refId="ref13000" refString="MORALES J., PICKFORD M., SORIA D. & FRAILE S. 1998. - New carnivores from the basal Middle Miocene of Arrisdrift, Namibia. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 91 (1): 27 - 40." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
|||
|
|
Morales
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5DFFFEE4FC8E3FFA1F2CD0" box="[1408,1456,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
1998
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5DFFFEE2108EC5FC302CF5" author="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M. & FRAILE S. & SALESA M. J. & SORIA D." box="[876,927,1418,1442]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738" pagination="177 - 194" refId="ref13042" refString="MORALES J., PICKFORD M., FRAILE S., SALESA M. J. & SORIA D. 2003. - Creodonta and Carnivora from Arrisdrift, early Miocene of Southern Namibia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Namibia 19: 177 - 194." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5DFFFEE2D78EC6FC712CF6" author="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M. & VALENCIANO A." box="[939,990,1417,1441]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738" pagination="131 - 150" refId="ref13299" refString="MORALES J., PICKFORD M. & VALENCIANO A. 2016. - Systematics of African Amphicyonidae, with descriptions of new material from Napak (Uganda) and Grillental (Namibia). Journal of Iberian Geology 42 (2): 131 - 150. http: // hdl. handle. net / 10261 / 137042" type="journal article" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C5DFFFEE2518EF6FBBA2F51" blockId="9.[813,1455,1465,1542]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">NEW SPECIMEN. — CUWM 53, left mandible fragment with crowns of m1-2, and alveoli for a single-rooted p1, double-rooted p2-p4, and a single-rooted m3.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C5DFFFEE2518D7BFB202F1B" blockId="9.[813,1457,1588,2030]" box="[813,1167,1588,1614]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">DESCRIPTION AND COMPARISONS</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C5DFFFEE2518D1BFB762FB9" blockId="9.[813,1457,1588,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">The left mandible fragment CUWM 53 preserves the crown of m1, part of m2, and alveoli for a single-rooted p1, doublerooted p2-p4, and a single-rooted m3. No diastemata are present. As the inferior part of the mandible is broken, it is not possible to assess its original height.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C5DFFFDE23F8DBBFCA72C98" blockId="9.[813,1457,1588,2030]" lastBlockId="10.[132,776,1365,2030]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="739" pageId="9" pageNumber="738">Both m1 and m2 are robust teeth, including their roots. The m1 paraconid-protoconid blade appears to show strong wear, but this feature may be due in part to abrasion of this specimen. The protoconid is the tallest cusp of the trigonid, with the metaconid and paraconid subequal in height. The metaconid is tilted slightly posteriorly. The talonid makes up more than half of the tooth and a large hypoconid, which approaches the metaconid and paraconid in height, is present. The talonid also has a small entoconid, and a cingulid is present. The m2 is broken mesiolingually but a tall protoconid and lower metaconid are preserved. A crest extends from the metaconid distolingually to join the cingulid around the talonid.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="DF67FDED6C5EFFFDE1D48E42FA222C48" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695851" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3695851" box="[168,1421,1293,1311]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695851/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="739" startId="10.[168,179,1293,1311]" targetBox="[197,1392,215,1249]" targetPageId="10">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C5EFFFDE1D48E42FA222C48" blockId="10.[168,1421,1293,1311]" box="[168,1421,1293,1311]" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">
|
|||
|
|
FIG. 4. — CUWM 53, Moghra, Early Miocene,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5EFFFDE3588E42FCF92C48" authority="(Schinz, 1825)" authorityName="Morales et al." authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[548,854,1293,1311]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE3588E42FD772C48" box="[548,728,1293,1311]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">Amphicyon giganteus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5EFFFDE39E8E42FCFE2C48" author="SCHINZ H. R." box="[738,849,1293,1311]" pageId="10" pageNumber="739" refId="ref14657" refString="SCHINZ H. R. 1825. - Das Thierreich eingetheilt nach dem Bau der Thiere als Grundlage ihrer Naturgeschiechte und der vergleichenden Anatomie von dem Herrn Ritter von Cuvier. Volume 4. Stuttgart and Tubingen, 792 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 120160" type="book" year="1825">Schinz, 1825</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE2218E42FCC52C48" bold="true" box="[861,874,1293,1311]" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">A</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, lingual view;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE2A38E42FC432C48" bold="true" box="[991,1004,1293,1311]" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">B</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, occlusal view;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE50D8E42FBD02C48" bold="true" box="[1137,1151,1293,1311]" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, labial view. Scale bar: 100 mm.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C5EFFFDE1E78E9AFD5E2FF9" blockId="10.[132,776,1365,2030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">
|
|||
|
|
Specimen CUWM 53 resembles
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5EFFFDE0838E9AFD772CB9" authorityName="Morales et al." authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[511,728,1493,1519]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE0838E9AFD772CB9" box="[511,728,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">Amphicyon giganteus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and is assigned to that species rather than
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE35C8EBAFDD52F58" box="[544,634,1525,1551]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">Afrocyon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5EFFFDE3F78EBAFF132F79" author="ARAMBOURG C." pageId="10" pageNumber="739" pagination="107" refId="ref11052" refString="ARAMBOURG C. 1961. - Note preliminaire sur quelques Vertebres nouveaux du Burdigalien de Libye. Compte rendu de la Societe Geologique de France 4: 107, 108." type="journal article" year="1961">Arambourg 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) on the combined basis of having more slender m1 and m2, presence of a massive m1 talonid with the hypoconid as the most prominent cusp, an m2 which is subequal in height to the m1 talonid, lack of a talonid basin on m1, and the presence of an m3 alveolus indicating a single-rooted m3.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C5EFFFDE1E78DFBFAAF2C98" blockId="10.[132,776,1365,2030]" lastBlockId="10.[813,1456,1365,1711]" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">
|
|||
|
|
The Moghra mandible also shares a suite of features with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5EFFFDE1F88D9BFEF22FB9" authorityName="Morales et al." authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[132,349,1748,1774]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE1F88D9BFEF22FB9" box="[132,349,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">Amphicyon giganteus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from Arrisdrift (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5EFFFDE36C8D9BFD0B2FB9" author="HENDEY Q. B." box="[528,676,1748,1774]" pageId="10" pageNumber="739" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref12130" refString="HENDEY Q. B. 1978. - Preliminary report on the Miocene vertebrates from Arrisdrift, South West Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 76: 1 - 41. http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 40697468" type="journal article" year="1978">Hendey 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5EFFFDE3CD8D9BFF532E59" author="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M. & SORIA D. & FRAILE S." pageId="10" pageNumber="739" pagination="27 - 40" refId="ref13000" refString="MORALES J., PICKFORD M., SORIA D. & FRAILE S. 1998. - New carnivores from the basal Middle Miocene of Arrisdrift, Namibia. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 91 (1): 27 - 40." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
|||
|
|
Morales
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE1F88DBAFF142E59" box="[132,187,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
1998
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5EFFFDE0708DBBFEEA2E59" author="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M. & FRAILE S. & SALESA M. J. & SORIA D." box="[268,325,1780,1806]" pageId="10" pageNumber="739" pagination="177 - 194" refId="ref13042" refString="MORALES J., PICKFORD M., FRAILE S., SALESA M. J. & SORIA D. 2003. - Creodonta and Carnivora from Arrisdrift, early Miocene of Southern Namibia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Namibia 19: 177 - 194." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). These include comparable size, a double-rooted p2, lack of premolar diastemata, m1 with a low metaconid and well-developed hypoconid, the presence of a paraconid on m2, and presence of a single-rooted m3.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5EFFFDE3CF8C1CFEA62ED9" author="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M. & VALENCIANO A." pageId="10" pageNumber="739" pagination="131 - 150" refId="ref13299" refString="MORALES J., PICKFORD M. & VALENCIANO A. 2016. - Systematics of African Amphicyonidae, with descriptions of new material from Napak (Uganda) and Grillental (Namibia). Journal of Iberian Geology 42 (2): 131 - 150. http: // hdl. handle. net / 10261 / 137042" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
|||
|
|
Morales
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE1F88C3BFF172EDA" box="[132,184,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(2016)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
referred
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5EFFFDE0168C3CFDEC2EDA" authorityName="Morales et al." authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[362,579,1907,1933]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE0168C3CFDEC2EDA" box="[362,579,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">Amphicyon giganteus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from Arrisdrift to the genus “
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE1858CDCFE3B2EFA" box="[249,404,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">Megamphicyon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
”, a reassignment of the species suggested by the work of
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5EFFFDE0128CFBFE5E2E99" author="KUSS S. E." box="[366,497,1971,1998]" pageId="10" pageNumber="739" pagination="5 - 168" refId="ref12594" refString="KUSS S. E. 1965. - Revision der europaischen Amphicyoninae (Canidae, Carnivora, Mamm.) ausschliesslich der voroberstampischen Formen. Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften 1: 5 - 168." type="journal article" year="1965">Kuss (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, but a move that has been rejected by many authors (e.g., Ginsburg & Telles-Antunes 1968;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5EFFFDE2108E1AFC532C38" author="VIRANTA S." box="[876,1020,1365,1391]" pageId="10" pageNumber="739" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref15006" refString="VIRANTA S. 1996. - European Miocene Amphicyonidae: taxonomy, systematics, and ecology. Acta Zoologica Fennica 204: 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1996">Viranta 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5EFFFDE5768E1AFB752C38" author="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M. & SORIA D. & FRAILE S." box="[1034,1242,1365,1391]" pageId="10" pageNumber="739" pagination="27 - 40" refId="ref13000" refString="MORALES J., PICKFORD M., SORIA D. & FRAILE S. 1998. - New carnivores from the basal Middle Miocene of Arrisdrift, Namibia. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 91 (1): 27 - 40." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
|||
|
|
Morales
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE51B8E19FB342C38" box="[1127,1179,1365,1391]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
1998
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5EFFFDE5948E1AFA8F2C38" author="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M. & FRAILE S. & SALESA M. J. & SORIA D." box="[1256,1312,1365,1391]" pageId="10" pageNumber="739" pagination="177 - 194" refId="ref13042" refString="MORALES J., PICKFORD M., FRAILE S., SALESA M. J. & SORIA D. 2003. - Creodonta and Carnivora from Arrisdrift, early Miocene of Southern Namibia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Namibia 19: 177 - 194." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5EFFFDE4528E1AFCDF2CD8" author="PEIGNE S. & CHAIMANEE Y. & YAMEE C. & TIAN P. & JAEGER J. - J." pageId="10" pageNumber="739" pagination="519 - 532" refId="ref13639" refString="PEIGNE S., CHAIMANEE Y., YAMEE C., TIAN P. & JAEGER J. - J. 2006 a. - A new amphicyonid (Mammalia, Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the late middle Miocene of northern Thailand and a review of the amphicyonine record in Asia. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 26 (5): 519 - 532. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jseaes. 2004.11.003" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
|||
|
|
Peigné
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE4008E19FA1F2C38" box="[1404,1456,1365,1391]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">et al.</emphasis>
|
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|
|
2006a
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5EFFFDE2028E3AFC192CD8" author="PEIGNE S. & SALESA M. J. & ANTON M. & MORALES J." box="[894,950,1397,1423]" pageId="10" pageNumber="739" pagination="943 - 965" refId="ref13782" refString="PEIGNE S., SALESA M. J., ANTON M. & MORALES J. 2008. - A new Amphicyonine (Carnivora: Amphicyonidae) from the Upper Miocene of Batallones- 1, Madrid, Spain. Paleontology 51 (4): 943 - 965. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1475 - 4983.2008.00788. x" type="journal article" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
|
;
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5EFFFDE2B98E3AFB332CD8" author="JIANGZUO Q. & CHUNXIAO L. & ZHANG X. & WANG S. & YE L. & LI Y." box="[965,1180,1397,1423]" pageId="10" pageNumber="739" refId="ref12418" refString="JIANGZUO Q., CHUNXIAO L., ZHANG X., WANG S., YE L. & LI Y. 2018. - Diversity of Amphicyonidae (Carnivora, Mammalia) in the Middle Miocene Halamagai formation in Ulungur River area, Xinjiang, Northwestern China. Historical Biology, https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2018.1477142" type="book" year="2018">
|
|||
|
|
Jiangzuo
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE5558E39FBF22CD8" box="[1065,1117,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2018
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5EFFFDE5D68E3AFB4D2CD8" author="JIANGZUO Q. & CHUNXIAO L. & ZHANG X. & WANG S. & SUN D." box="[1194,1250,1397,1423]" pageId="10" pageNumber="739" pagination="1539857" refId="ref12481" refString="JIANGZUO Q., CHUNXIAO L., ZHANG X., WANG S. & SUN D. 2019. - A mphicyon zhanxiangi, sp. nov., a new amphicyonid (Mammalia, Carnivora) from northern China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology e 1539857. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2018.1539857" type="book chapter" year="2019">2019</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5EFFFDE58D8E3AFA302CD8" author="BASTL K. & NAGEL D. & MORLO M. & GOHLICH U. B." box="[1265,1439,1397,1423]" pageId="10" pageNumber="739" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref11083" refString="BASTL K., NAGEL D., MORLO M. & GOHLICH U. B. 2018. - The Carnivora (Mammalia) from the middle Miocene locality of Gracanica (Bugojno Basin, Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina). Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments: 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12549 - 018 - 0353 - 0" type="book chapter" year="2018">
|
|||
|
|
Bastl
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE4508E39FACF2CD8" box="[1324,1376,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2018
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Here we join the majority and so recognize the species
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5EFFFDE4298EDAFCFB2C98" authorityName="Morales et al." authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE4298EDAFCFB2C98" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">A. giganteus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
for the Arrisdrift and Moghra material.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C302FEEE6C5EFFFDE23F8E9AFB812FBB" pageId="10" pageNumber="739" type="reference_group">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C5EFFFDE23F8E9AFBC32FF8" blockId="10.[813,1456,1365,1711]" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">
|
|||
|
|
European
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5EFFFDE2CE8E9AFB812CB9" authorityName="Morales et al." authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[946,1070,1493,1519]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE2CE8E9AFB812CB9" box="[946,1070,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">A. giganteus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
differs from
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE5C58E9AFABB2CB9" box="[1209,1300,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">A. major</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Middle Miocene of Europe) in being larger on average, lacking diastemata between its premolars, having p4 larger (see
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5EFFFDE4668D5BFCC92F18" author="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M. & FRAILE S. & SALESA M. J. & SORIA D." pageId="10" pageNumber="739" pagination="177 - 194" refId="ref13042" refString="MORALES J., PICKFORD M., FRAILE S., SALESA M. J. & SORIA D. 2003. - Creodonta and Carnivora from Arrisdrift, early Miocene of Southern Namibia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Namibia 19: 177 - 194." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
|||
|
|
Morales
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE4068D5AFA1F2F79" box="[1402,1456,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2003
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), m1 with an entoconid that is narrower and tapers posteriorly, and m2 with a higher trigonid (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5EFFFDE46F8D1BFCCA2FD9" author="JIANGZUO Q. & CHUNXIAO L. & ZHANG X. & WANG S. & YE L. & LI Y." pageId="10" pageNumber="739" refId="ref12418" refString="JIANGZUO Q., CHUNXIAO L., ZHANG X., WANG S., YE L. & LI Y. 2018. - Diversity of Amphicyonidae (Carnivora, Mammalia) in the Middle Miocene Halamagai formation in Ulungur River area, Xinjiang, Northwestern China. Historical Biology, https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2018.1477142" type="book" year="2018">
|
|||
|
|
Jiangzuo
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE4068D1AFA1F2F39" box="[1402,1456,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2018
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). All of these characters also separate the African record of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5EFFFDE2358DDBFC692FF9" authorityName="Morales et al." authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[841,966,1684,1710]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE2358DDBFC692FF9" box="[841,966,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">A. giganteus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE5758DDBFBCA2FF9" box="[1033,1125,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">A. major</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C5EFFFDE2518D9CFB812FBB" blockId="10.[813,1456,1747,2030]" box="[813,1070,1747,1773]" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C302FEEE6C5EFFFCE2518DBBFD592E59" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="740" pageId="10" pageNumber="739" type="description">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C5EFFFDE2518DBBFBA72EB9" blockId="10.[813,1456,1747,2030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">
|
|||
|
|
Three isolated upper teeth (P4: DPC 14532/1, M1: DPC 5426, M2: DPC 8981) from Moghra previously described as belonging to “
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5EFFFDE2908C7CFB942E1A" baseAuthorityName="Ginsburg" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1004,1083,1843,1869]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE2908C7CFB942E1A" box="[1004,1083,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">Cynelos</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
sp. nov.” (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5EFFFDE5CA8C7CFAD22E19" author="MORLO M. & MILLER E. R. & BARKOOKY A. N." box="[1206,1405,1843,1870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="739" pagination="145 - 159" refId="ref13359" refString="MORLO M., MILLER E. R. & EL- BARKOOKY A. N. 2007. - Creodonta and Carnivora from Wadi Moghra, Egypt. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 (1): 145 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [145: CACFWM] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
|||
|
|
Morlo
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE4798C7BFA942E1A" box="[1285,1339,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2007
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) are here provisionally attributed to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5EFFFDE5E58C1BFAB12E3A" authorityName="Morales et al." authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[1177,1310,1876,1902]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE5E58C1BFAB12E3A" box="[1177,1310,1876,1902]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">A. giganteus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. These same specimens have been discussed by other authors as perhaps belonging to
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE2C28CDBFB842EFA" box="[958,1067,1940,1965]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">Ysengrinia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5EFFFDE54F8CDCFA052EFA" authority="(Morales et al. 2010: 48)" baseAuthorityName="Morales" baseAuthorityPageNumber="48" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[1075,1450,1939,1966]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="739" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ginsburgi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE54F8CDCFB3D2EFA" box="[1075,1170,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">ginsburgi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5EFFFDE5DE8CDCFA0D2EFA" author="MORALES J. & BREWER P. & PICKFORD M." box="[1186,1442,1939,1966]" pageId="10" pageNumber="739" pagination="43 - 54" refId="ref13240" refString="MORALES J., BREWER P. & PICKFORD M. 2010. - Carnivores (Creodonta and Carnivora) from the basal middle Miocene of Gebel Zelten, Libya, with a note on a large amphicyonid from the middle Miocene of Ngorora, Kenya. Bulletin of the Tethys Geological Society 5: 43 - 54." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
|||
|
|
Morales
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE47C8CDBFA9A2EFA" box="[1280,1333,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2010: 48
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, “
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE2448CFCFC3D2E9A" box="[824,914,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">Afrocyon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
n. sp.” (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5EFFFDE2928CFCFB102E9A" author="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M. & VALENCIANO A." box="[1006,1215,1971,1997]" pageId="10" pageNumber="739" pagination="131 - 150" refId="ref13299" refString="MORALES J., PICKFORD M. & VALENCIANO A. 2016. - Systematics of African Amphicyonidae, with descriptions of new material from Napak (Uganda) and Grillental (Namibia). Journal of Iberian Geology 42 (2): 131 - 150. http: // hdl. handle. net / 10261 / 137042" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
|||
|
|
Morales
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE5308CFBFB2F2E9A" box="[1100,1152,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2016
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), or
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE5898CFCFA002E9A" box="[1269,1455,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5EFFFDE5898CFCFAED2E9A" baseAuthorityName="Ginsburg" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1269,1346,1971,1997]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynelos</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
macrodon
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5EFFFDE24A8C9CFC572EBA" author="ADRIAN B. & WERDELIN L. & GROSSMAN A." box="[822,1016,2003,2029]" pageId="10" pageNumber="739" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref10948" refString="ADRIAN B., WERDELIN L. & GROSSMAN A. 2018. - New Miocene Carnivora (Mammalia) from Moruorot and Kalodirr, Kenya. Palaeontologia Electronica 21.1.10 a 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 778." type="book chapter" year="2018">
|
|||
|
|
Adrian
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5EFFFDE2FA8C9BFC152EBA" box="[902,954,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="739">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2018
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C5FFFFCE1E78B96FDE528C4" blockId="11.[132,775,217,1806]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">
|
|||
|
|
The P4 resembles that of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5FFFFCE0DE8B95FDB329A4" authorityName="Morales et al." authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[418,540,218,244]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE0DE8B95FDB329A4" box="[418,540,218,244]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">A. giganteus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from La Barranca and Arroyo de Val (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE0518BB6FE512844" author="PEIGNE S. & SALESA M. J. & ANTON M. & MORALES J." box="[301,510,249,275]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="359 - 374" refId="ref13721" refString="PEIGNE S., SALESA M. J., ANTON M. & MORALES J. 2006 b. - New data on carnivores from the Middle Miocene (Upper Aragonian, MN 6) of Arroyo del Val area (Villafeliche, Zaragoza Province, Spain). Estudios Geologicos 62 (1): 359 - 374." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
|||
|
|
Peigné
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE0078BB5FE1F2844" box="[379,432,249,275]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2006b
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: pl. 2, fig. 1-2), but has the protocone placed slightly more anterior. It differs from
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE1F88A76FEAA2804" box="[132,261,313,339]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">C. macrodon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5FFFFCE04A8A76FE002804" authorityName="Morlo & Miller & Bastl & Abdelgawad & Hamdan & El-Barkooky & Nagel" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Morales, Pickford, Soria & Fraile" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[310,431,313,339]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ginsburgi" status="comb. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE04A8A76FE002804" box="[310,431,313,339]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">C. ginsburgi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25FCC0C6C5FFFFCE0C88A76FDBE2804" box="[436,529,313,339]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
in having a much larger protocone, a feature that is nearly absent in
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE3288A16FD762824" box="[596,729,345,371]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">C. macrodon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and is greatly reduced in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5FFFFCE01F8A36FE4D28C5" authorityName="Morlo & Miller & Bastl & Abdelgawad & Hamdan & El-Barkooky & Nagel" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Morales, Pickford, Soria & Fraile" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[355,482,376,403]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ginsburgi" status="comb. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE01F8A36FE4D28C5" box="[355,482,376,403]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">C. ginsburgi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25FCC0C6C5FFFFCE0958A36FDE528C4" box="[489,586,377,403]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C5FFFFCE1E78AD7FEE72AA6" blockId="11.[132,775,217,1806]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">
|
|||
|
|
The M1 resembles
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5FFFFCE0208AD6FE7B28E5" authorityName="Morales et al." authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[348,468,409,435]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="742" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
|
|||
|
|
A.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE0058AD6FE7B28E5" box="[377,468,409,434]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">giganteus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from Farinheira (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE3F58AD7FEB72884" author="GINSBURG L. & ANTUNES M. T." pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="125 - 165" refId="ref11814" refString="GINSBURG L. & ANTUNES M. T. 1995. - Les carnivores du miocene de Lisbonne (Portugal). Annales de Paleontologie 81 (3): 125 - 165." type="journal article" year="1995">Ginsburg & Antunes 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: pl. 1 fig. 2) and La Barranca (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE3308AF7FCAF2884" author="PEIGNE S. & SALESA M. J. & ANTON M. & MORALES J." box="[588,768,440,467]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="943 - 965" refId="ref13782" refString="PEIGNE S., SALESA M. J., ANTON M. & MORALES J. 2008. - A new Amphicyonine (Carnivora: Amphicyonidae) from the Upper Miocene of Batallones- 1, Madrid, Spain. Paleontology 51 (4): 943 - 965. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1475 - 4983.2008.00788. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
|||
|
|
Peigné
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE3E98AF6FD6A2885" box="[661,709,440,466]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2008
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: pl. 2, fig. 5), but the talon of the Moghra specimen is shorter and narrower. In the former respect the Moghra M1 is reminiscent of the M1 of
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE0208957FDBD2B65" box="[348,530,536,562]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">A. eppelsheimensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
from the Late Miocene of Anjou (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE1888977FE702B05" author="GAGNAISON C. & COSSARD B. & DECHAMPS M." box="[244,479,568,594]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="47 - 60" refId="ref11650" refString="GAGNAISON C., COSSARD B. & DECHAMPS M. 2017. - A propos de quelques dents et os de Mammiferes Carnivores du Miocene de l'Anjou-Touraine. Symbioses, nouvelle serie 35 - 36: 47 - 60." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
|||
|
|
Gagnaison
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE0118976FE0E2B05" box="[365,417,568,594]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2017
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: fig. 2b). However, the two species are clearly different in that the M1 of
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE3208917FF352BC6" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">A. eppelsheimensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
displays a triangular occlusal outline (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE33C8937FD1C2BC4" author="KUSS S. E." box="[576,691,632,659]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="5 - 168" refId="ref12594" refString="KUSS S. E. 1965. - Revision der europaischen Amphicyoninae (Canidae, Carnivora, Mamm.) ausschliesslich der voroberstampischen Formen. Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften 1: 5 - 168." type="journal article" year="1965">Kuss 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, Morlo pers. observ.). The M1 from Moghra differs from members of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5FFFFCE1DD89F8FF412B86" baseAuthorityName="Ginsburg" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[161,238,695,721]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE1DD89F8FF412B86" box="[161,238,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">Cynelos</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in having a mesiodistally very short talon relative to the trigon, with the protocone and metacone higher, more pronounced cingulae, and a small metaconule present. In these characters the Moghra specimen is unlike the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54A313C76C5FFFFCE3D48858FCA82A66" box="[680,775,791,817]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
of
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE1DC8878FE8A2A06" box="[160,293,823,849]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">C. macrodon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
from Rusinga (see
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE08D8878FD122A06" author="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M. & VALENCIANO A." box="[497,701,823,849]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="131 - 150" refId="ref13299" refString="MORALES J., PICKFORD M. & VALENCIANO A. 2016. - Systematics of African Amphicyonidae, with descriptions of new material from Napak (Uganda) and Grillental (Namibia). Journal of Iberian Geology 42 (2): 131 - 150. http: // hdl. handle. net / 10261 / 137042" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
|||
|
|
Morales
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE3318877FDD02A06" box="[589,639,823,849]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2016
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: fig. 9, 2A), and is even more distant from the
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE3588818FD062A26" box="[548,681,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">C. macrodon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
material from Kalodirr described by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE0C88838FD2C2AC6" author="ADRIAN B. & WERDELIN L. & GROSSMAN A." box="[436,643,887,913]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref10948" refString="ADRIAN B., WERDELIN L. & GROSSMAN A. 2018. - New Miocene Carnivora (Mammalia) from Moruorot and Kalodirr, Kenya. Palaeontologia Electronica 21.1.10 a 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 778." type="book chapter" year="2018">
|
|||
|
|
Adrian
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE37A8837FD942AC6" box="[518,571,887,913]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(2018
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: fig. 5.2-4). The short talon also distinguishes DPC 5426 from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5FFFFCE3C988D8FF142A86" authorityName="Morlo & Miller & Bastl & Abdelgawad & Hamdan & El-Barkooky & Nagel" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Morales, Pickford, Soria & Fraile" baseAuthorityYear="1998" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ginsburgi" status="comb. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE3C988D8FF142A86" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">C. ginsburgi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25FCC0C6C5FFFFCE1BF88F8FE8A2A86" box="[195,293,951,977]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE04988F8FDA92A86" author="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M. & VALENCIANO A." box="[309,518,951,977]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="131 - 150" refId="ref13299" refString="MORALES J., PICKFORD M. & VALENCIANO A. 2016. - Systematics of African Amphicyonidae, with descriptions of new material from Napak (Uganda) and Grillental (Namibia). Journal of Iberian Geology 42 (2): 131 - 150. http: // hdl. handle. net / 10261 / 137042" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
|||
|
|
Morales
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE0EF88F8FE682A86" box="[403,455,951,977]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2016
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: fig. 9, 5),
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE3FD88F8FCAF2A86" box="[641,768,951,977]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">C. euryodon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE1C88898FEED2AA7" box="[180,322,982,1009]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">C. lemanensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C5FFFFCE1E788B8FD242C07" blockId="11.[132,775,217,1806]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">
|
|||
|
|
As with P4 and M1, the isolated M2 DPC 8981 from Moghra resembles European specimens of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5FFFFCE31C8F58FD4E2D67" authorityName="Morales et al." authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[608,737,1047,1073]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE31C8F58FD4E2D67" box="[608,737,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">A. giganteus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, in this case from Bézian (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE0088F79FDD82D07" author="GINSBURG L. & BULOT C." box="[372,631,1078,1104]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="53 - 76" refId="ref11848" refString="GINSBURG L. & BULOT C. 1982. - Les carnivores du miocene de Bezian pres de la Romieu (Gers, France). Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschapen, Series B 85 (1): 53 - 76." type="journal article" year="1982">Ginsburg & Bulot 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: pl. 1, fig. 2), Olival de Suzana (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE0378F19FDDF2D26" author="GINSBURG L. & ANTUNES M. T." box="[331,624,1110,1137]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="125 - 165" refId="ref11814" refString="GINSBURG L. & ANTUNES M. T. 1995. - Les carnivores du miocene de Lisbonne (Portugal). Annales de Paleontologie 81 (3): 125 - 165." type="journal article" year="1995">Ginsburg & Antunes 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: pl. 1, fig. 2), and La Barranca (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE0418F39FE5B2DC7" author="PEIGNE S. & SALESA M. J. & ANTON M. & MORALES J." box="[317,500,1142,1168]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="943 - 965" refId="ref13782" refString="PEIGNE S., SALESA M. J., ANTON M. & MORALES J. 2008. - A new Amphicyonine (Carnivora: Amphicyonidae) from the Upper Miocene of Batallones- 1, Madrid, Spain. Paleontology 51 (4): 943 - 965. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1475 - 4983.2008.00788. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
|||
|
|
Peigné
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE0FB8F38FE172DC7" box="[391,440,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2008
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: pl. 2, fig. 6). The Moghra specimen differs from the M
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CE000806C5FFFFCE0C48FD9FE4D2DE7" box="[440,482,1174,1200]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE0958FD9FDC82DE7" box="[489,615,1174,1200]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">C. euryodon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE30B8FD9FF132D87" author="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M. & VALENCIANO A." pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="131 - 150" refId="ref13299" refString="MORALES J., PICKFORD M. & VALENCIANO A. 2016. - Systematics of African Amphicyonidae, with descriptions of new material from Napak (Uganda) and Grillental (Namibia). Journal of Iberian Geology 42 (2): 131 - 150. http: // hdl. handle. net / 10261 / 137042" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
|||
|
|
Morales
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE3A88FD8FCA82DE7" box="[724,775,1174,1200]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2016
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: fig. 2, 4),
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE0448FF9FE682D87" box="[312,455,1206,1232]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">C. lemanensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE0A48FF9FD582D87" author="PEIGNE S. & HEIZMANN E. P. J." box="[472,759,1206,1232]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="1 - 133" refId="ref13581" refString="PEIGNE S. & HEIZMANN E. P. J. 2003. - The Amphicyonidae (Mammalia: Carnivora) from Ulm-Westtangente (MN 2, Early Miocene), Baden Wurttemberg, Germany - systematics and ecomorphology. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Palaontologie) 343: 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="2003">Peigné & Heizmann 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE1F88F99FEA12DA7" box="[132,270,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">C. macrodon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
from Napak-I, and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE08D8F99FDA42DA7" box="[497,523,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">C.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
cf.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE34A8F99FD322DA7" box="[566,669,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">macrodon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
from the Muruyur Formation, in having a more rectangular shape, possessing stronger labial and lingual cingulae, and with u-shaped, rather than v-shaped hypocone crests.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C5FFFFCE1E78E1AFD592E59" blockId="11.[132,775,217,1806]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">
|
|||
|
|
Another African specimen possibly belonging to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5FFFFCE3EB8E1AFCA92C38" authorityName="Lartet in Michelin" authorityYear="1836" box="[663,774,1365,1391]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE3EB8E1AFCA92C38" box="[663,774,1365,1391]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">Amphicyon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is the left mandible NHM M 82373 from Gebel Zelten,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30FEDF56C5FFFFCE3BA8E3AFCAC2CD8" box="[710,771,1397,1423]" name="Libya" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">Libya</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, which has been discussed elsewhere as representing
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE3D38EDAFF792C98" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">Afrocyon burolleti</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE1988EFAFE0B2C98" author="MORALES J. & BREWER P. & PICKFORD M." box="[228,420,1461,1487]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="43 - 54" refId="ref13240" refString="MORALES J., BREWER P. & PICKFORD M. 2010. - Carnivores (Creodonta and Carnivora) from the basal middle Miocene of Gebel Zelten, Libya, with a note on a large amphicyonid from the middle Miocene of Ngorora, Kenya. Bulletin of the Tethys Geological Society 5: 43 - 54." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
|||
|
|
Morales
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE0478EF9FEC52C98" box="[315,362,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2010
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: fig. 2). However, the Gebel Zelten mandible differs from the poorly preserved
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54A313C76C5FFFFCE3448E9AFD3D2CB8" box="[568,658,1493,1519]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
of
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE3CD8E9AFF782F58" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">Afrocyon burolleti</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE19A8EBAFE352F58" author="ARAMBOURG C." box="[230,410,1525,1551]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="107" refId="ref11052" refString="ARAMBOURG C. 1961. - Note preliminaire sur quelques Vertebres nouveaux du Burdigalien de Libye. Compte rendu de la Societe Geologique de France 4: 107, 108." type="journal article" year="1961">Arambourg 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE0DB8EBAFDC32F58" author="MORALES J. & BREWER P. & PICKFORD M." box="[423,620,1525,1551]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="43 - 54" refId="ref13240" refString="MORALES J., BREWER P. & PICKFORD M. 2010. - Carnivores (Creodonta and Carnivora) from the basal middle Miocene of Gebel Zelten, Libya, with a note on a large amphicyonid from the middle Miocene of Ngorora, Kenya. Bulletin of the Tethys Geological Society 5: 43 - 54." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
|||
|
|
Morales
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE37C8EBAFD9E2F58" box="[512,561,1525,1551]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2010
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: fig. 1;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE3C68EBAFEED2F78" author="WERDELIN L. & PEIGNE S." pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="603 - 657" refId="ref15144" refString="WERDELIN L. & PEIGNE S. 2010. - Carnivora in WERDELIN L. & SANDERS W. J. (eds), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. University of California Press: 603 - 657." type="book chapter" year="2010">Werdelin & Peigné 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: fig. 32.1) in possessing a single-rooted m3, and in having a shallower mandible and less acute coronoid angle. The mandible also differs from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5FFFFCE37E8D1BFDE32F39" baseAuthorityName="Ginsburg" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[514,588,1620,1646]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE37E8D1BFDE32F39" box="[514,588,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">Cynelos</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in lacking premolar diastemata, having p4 shorter relative to m1 and m2, and a broader talonid in m1 and the m2 with a wider mesiolingual enlargement. In all these features, NHM M 82373 resembles
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5FFFFCE1F88D9BFEE22FB9" authorityName="Morales et al." authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[132,333,1748,1774]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE1F88D9BFEE22FB9" box="[132,333,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">Amphicyon giganteus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, although given the Gebel Zelten specimen’s much smaller size, we refer the mandible to “cf.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5FFFFCE30A8DBBFD4A2E59" authorityName="Lartet in Michelin" authorityYear="1836" box="[630,741,1780,1806]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE30A8DBBFD4A2E59" box="[630,741,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">Amphicyon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
”.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C302FEEE6C5FFFFCE1F88C7CFA002D26" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C5FFFFCE1F88C7CFF472E1B" blockId="11.[132,776,1843,2029]" box="[132,232,1843,1869]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA7AD656C5FFFFCE1F88C1CFA002D26" blockId="11.[132,776,1843,2029]" lastBlockId="11.[813,1456,217,1137]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">
|
|||
|
|
Fossil material of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5FFFFCE03C8C1CFDB62E3A" authorityName="Morales et al." authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[320,537,1875,1901]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE03C8C1CFDB62E3A" box="[320,537,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">Amphicyon giganteus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
has been known since the time of
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE07A8C3CFE0C2ED9" author="CUVIER G." box="[262,419,1907,1934]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" refId="ref11405" refString="CUVIER G. 1824. - Recherches sur les Ossemens fossils ou l'on retablit les caracteres de plusieurs animaux dont les revolutions du globe ont detruit les especes. 2 nd edition. G. Dufour et E. d'Ocagne, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 122964" type="book" year="1824">Cuvier (1824)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, but the range of morphological variation within the species remains an open discussion. Until now,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5FFFFCE1C18CFCFE962E9A" authorityName="Morales et al." authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[189,313,1971,1997]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE1C18CFCFE962E9A" box="[189,313,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">A. giganteus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
was represented in Africa only by the single mandible reported from Arrisdrift,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30FEDF56C5FFFFCE36C8C9CFD322EBA" box="[528,669,2003,2029]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE3D38C9CFC3529A4" author="MORALES J. & PICKFORD M. & SORIA D. & FRAILE S." box="[687,922,217,2029]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="27 - 40" refId="ref13000" refString="MORALES J., PICKFORD M., SORIA D. & FRAILE S. 1998. - New carnivores from the basal Middle Miocene of Arrisdrift, Namibia. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 91 (1): 27 - 40." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
|||
|
|
Morales
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE2518B95FCF129A4" box="[813,862,217,243]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
1998
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) and some postcranial remains from Gebel Zelten, attributed to the species by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE5368BB6FB522843" author="GINSBURG L." box="[1098,1277,249,276]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="19 - 73" refId="ref11784" refString="GINSBURG L. 1980. - Hyainailouros sulzeri, mammifere creodonte du Miocene d'Europe. Annales de Paleontologie, Vertebres, 66 (1): 19 - 73." type="journal article" year="1980">Ginsburg (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE4538BB6FC542863" author="GINSBURG L. & WELCOMME J. - L." pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="65 - 68" refId="ref11925" refString="GINSBURG L. & WELCOMME J. - L. 2002. - Nouveaux restes de Creodontes et de Carnivores des Bugti (Pakistan). Symbioses (n. s.) 7: 65 - 68." type="journal article" year="2002">Ginsburg & Welcomme (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
. With the addition of CUWM 53 from Moghra, the species is again interpreted as having a pan-African distribution (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE2C38A16FB7C2824" author="WERDELIN L. & PEIGNE S." box="[959,1235,345,371]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="603 - 657" refId="ref15144" refString="WERDELIN L. & PEIGNE S. 2010. - Carnivora in WERDELIN L. & SANDERS W. J. (eds), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. University of California Press: 603 - 657." type="book chapter" year="2010">Werdelin & Peigné 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The three isolated upper teeth from Moghra here attributed to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5FFFFCE4708A36FA2728C5" authorityName="Morales et al." authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[1292,1416,377,403]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE4708A36FA2728C5" box="[1292,1416,377,403]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">A. giganteus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are the first upper teeth described from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5FFFFCE5C38AD6FA9028E5" authorityName="Morales et al." authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[1215,1343,409,435]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE5C38AD6FA9028E5" box="[1215,1343,409,435]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">A. giganteus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in Africa. Even though there is little appropriate material available for comparison, the three specimens show features that are similar to those seen in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5FFFFCE2A98AB6FBFF2B45" authorityName="Morales et al." authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[981,1104,505,531]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE2A98AB6FBFF2B45" box="[981,1104,505,531]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">A. giganteus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from Europe (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE5908AB7FCCA2B65" author="GINSBURG L. & BULOT C." pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="53 - 76" refId="ref11848" refString="GINSBURG L. & BULOT C. 1982. - Les carnivores du miocene de Bezian pres de la Romieu (Gers, France). Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschapen, Series B 85 (1): 53 - 76." type="journal article" year="1982">Ginsburg & Bulot 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE2098957FB302B64" author="GINSBURG L. & ANTUNES M. T." box="[885,1183,536,563]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="125 - 165" refId="ref11814" refString="GINSBURG L. & ANTUNES M. T. 1995. - Les carnivores du miocene de Lisbonne (Portugal). Annales de Paleontologie 81 (3): 125 - 165." type="journal article" year="1995">Ginsburg & Antunes 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE5D38957FADA2B65" author="PEIGNE S. & SALESA M. J. & ANTON M. & MORALES J." box="[1199,1397,536,562]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="943 - 965" refId="ref13782" refString="PEIGNE S., SALESA M. J., ANTON M. & MORALES J. 2008. - A new Amphicyonine (Carnivora: Amphicyonidae) from the Upper Miocene of Batallones- 1, Madrid, Spain. Paleontology 51 (4): 943 - 965. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1475 - 4983.2008.00788. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
|||
|
|
Peigné
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE5838956FA9B2B65" box="[1279,1332,536,562]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2008
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) and which have not been documented in
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE5C98977FAA62B05" box="[1205,1289,568,594]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5FFFFCE5C98977FAAA2B05" baseAuthorityName="Ginsburg" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1205,1285,568,594]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynelos</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
namely: P4 has a much stronger protocone, M1 has an extremely short talon, and M2 has a peculiar morphology with u-shaped hypocone crests and an enlarged lingual cingulum. Re-evaluation of the mandible NHM M 82373 from Gebel Zelten suggests that a second, smaller species of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5FFFFCE52D8998FB6B2BA6" authorityName="Lartet in Michelin" authorityYear="1836" box="[1105,1220,727,753]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE52D8998FB6B2BA6" box="[1105,1220,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">Amphicyon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, cf.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5FFFFCE58C8998FACC2BA6" authorityName="Lartet in Michelin" authorityYear="1836" box="[1264,1379,727,753]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE58C8998FACC2BA6" box="[1264,1379,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">Amphicyon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, is also present in Africa. The Gebel Zelten mandible resembles the Moghra material of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5FFFFCE57B8857FB2A2A66" authorityName="Morales et al." authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[1031,1157,792,818]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE57B8857FB2A2A66" box="[1031,1157,792,818]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">A. giganteus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
much more than it does to specimens of
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE2BC8878FBD72A06" box="[960,1144,823,849]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">Afrocyon burolleti</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
or
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE5E38878FB5B2A06" box="[1183,1268,823,849]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5FFFFCE5E38878FB5F2A06" baseAuthorityName="Ginsburg" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1183,1264,823,849]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Cynelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynelos</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
However, NHM M 82373 is much smaller than
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5FFFFCE5048818FB5A2A26" authorityName="Morales et al." authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[1144,1269,855,881]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE5048818FB5A2A26" box="[1144,1269,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">A. giganteus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and its m2 shows a slight mesiolingual enlargement not observed among other published
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5FFFFCE2E588D8FBBC2AE7" authorityName="Morales et al." authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[921,1043,919,945]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE2E588D8FBBC2AE7" box="[921,1043,919,945]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">A. giganteus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
specimens.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5FFFFCE5F388D8FAAF2AE6" authorityName="Lartet in Michelin" authorityYear="1836" box="[1167,1280,919,945]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE5F388D8FAAF2AE6" box="[1167,1280,919,945]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">Amphicyon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
has already been reported from Gebel Zelten based on postcranial material (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE24A8899FC742AA6" author="GINSBURG L." box="[822,987,982,1009]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="19 - 73" refId="ref11784" refString="GINSBURG L. 1980. - Hyainailouros sulzeri, mammifere creodonte du Miocene d'Europe. Annales de Paleontologie, Vertebres, 66 (1): 19 - 73." type="journal article" year="1980">Ginsburg 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE2958899FA812AA6" author="GINSBURG L. & WELCOMME J. - L." box="[1001,1326,982,1009]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="65 - 68" refId="ref11925" refString="GINSBURG L. & WELCOMME J. - L. 2002. - Nouveaux restes de Creodontes et de Carnivores des Bugti (Pakistan). Symbioses (n. s.) 7: 65 - 68." type="journal article" year="2002">Ginsburg & Welcomme 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) that, however, is too large to belong to the same species as NHM M 82373. Large
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5FFFFCE2C08F59FB822D67" authorityName="Lartet in Michelin" authorityYear="1836" box="[956,1069,1046,1072]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" genus="Amphicyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96C71776C5FFFFCE2C08F59FB822D67" box="[956,1069,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="740">Amphicyon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
survived in Africa longer than on any other continent as is evidenced by “
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C18D6E66C5FFFFCE5E58F79FAEE2D07" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1866" box="[1177,1345,1078,1104]" class="Mammalia" family="Amphicyonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Amphicyonidae</taxonomicName>
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species A” from Lothagam (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE2998F19FB292D27" author="WERDELIN L." box="[997,1158,1110,1136]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="261 - 328" refId="ref15098" refString="WERDELIN L. 2003. - Mio-Pliocene Carnivora from Lothagam, Kenya in LEAKEY M. G. & HARRIS J. D. (eds), Dawn of Humanity in Eastem Africa. Columbia University Press, New York: 261 - 328." type="book chapter" year="2003">Werdelin 2003</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF89D0946C5FFFFCE5EF8F19FA302D27" author="WERDELIN L. & PEIGNE S." box="[1171,1439,1110,1136]" pageId="11" pageNumber="740" pagination="603 - 657" refId="ref15144" refString="WERDELIN L. & PEIGNE S. 2010. - Carnivora in WERDELIN L. & SANDERS W. J. (eds), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. University of California Press: 603 - 657." type="book chapter" year="2010">Werdelin & Peigné 2010</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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